EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

FINAL REPORT ON SITUATIONAL DIAGNOSIS LIVING CONDITIONS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS: SAN ISIDRO LABRADOR, JESS DE NAZARETH ANDSANTA ROSA - ARENAL ALTO - VILLA MARA DEL TRIUNFO DISTRICT

INTRODUCTION The study presents the characteristics and conditions of the social, economic, health, and educational communities of San Isidro Labrador, Jess de Nazareth and Santa Rosa, Arenal Alto district of Villa Mara. This diagnosis will be essential to implement projects and interventions in communities and families with a focus on "Communities and healthy families", also help governments and private companies meet the basic needs of the three analyzed Settlements. The main instrument was a survey of situational analysis that was applied by households. Households were defined as a family or group of families sharing a kitchen where they prepare their food permanently.

RESULTS
The main findings are presented as follows: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DYNAMICS OF POPULATION The total study population is 232 people, most of the population are adolescents and young adults, the main occupation is informal and eventual: Bricklayer, dealer assistant, street vendors, etc. which gives them no benefits or job protection, represented in the study with the 24% versus 9% who have a job with benefits applicable law. The level of education achieved by the population is an important indicator of influence in overcoming poverty, where the population aged 17 and older did not end basic education, with 51% compared to 30% of who completed basic education. Only 14% reached college level and there is still 5% illiteracy. 76% of household women head alone, without the support of a partner, being their conditions marital separation, widowed or unmarried, compared with 14% of household male head alone.

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29.8% of children living with only one parent where parental presence is less and the mother assume the responsibilities of the head of household and their children. Another result of interest is the predominance of male leadership in homes where there is spousal support at home. 72% of men are heads of households in these conditions, compared to 52% of women. HOUSING CHARACTERISTIC The average number of inhabitants per housing is 3.8, where 83% of housings have only one or two rooms where they perform various household chores, consequently resulting in overcrowding and lack of privacy. Houses are built of precarious materials, predominantly with plywood on the walls (a kind of very thin wood approx. 0.5 cm), followed by cardboard and wood. In roofs predominate corrugated iron and the floor is 54% "false floor" (unpolished cement) and 44% of land. This exposes families to a favorable environment for the spread of disease and insecurity.

SANITATION Access to water is a basic need for households; their lack represents a critical deprivation that affects hygiene, health and welfare. Drinking water is obtained from nearby networks, such as connecting hoses or move in buckets from the nearest pylon of public use (52%), action done by women. Another way is where neighbors allow access for a certain payment (44%), this happens mostly in the Santa Rosa community. The water is stored in plastic containers exposed to the environment that are constantly handled and maintenance of these containers, according to their answers, is weekly. This is variable because during the visits were observed transport and storage containers in regular hygiene conditions. An important and alarming finding is about water consumption that represents 16% water consumed directly from the container or unboiled pylon. Electric Light, Santa Rosa and San Isidro Labrador community (57%) do not have electricity service itself. Generally pull light from insecure electric wires from neighboring communities; they pay for this service an amount of money set by the owner. Jesus de Nazareth community (33%) is the only one with its own electricity service in all of their homes. In these

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communities, there are still 10% of the households in the top of the community using candle or lamp. The sewage system used by residents is hollow or silos located very close to their homes, representing 65%. These silos, most are enabled without a technical design coated with plastics, old fabrics, scrap wood and old cardboard, without periodic maintenance and constitute a threat to their home and community. There are an 18% of the families that eliminate excreta in the open, being a source of disease transmission. Garbage disposal, these settlements lack of garbage collection service because they are located in remote areas. The study has found that 48% of households throw it into the street, being a great source of pollution with presence of flies and rodents. The 23% of households leave trash in the deposit market, 16% burn away in the open field and 13% throw trash in municipal truck, carrying them down as they hear the truck. EDUCATION The results for the study population show that 51% of those over 17 years have not completed basic education, being 49% of this group, household heads. The educational level varies between complete and incomplete education. In addition, 5% of household heads are illiterate, consequently resulting in limitations teaching their children. Household heads, despite their limited financial situation, consider important the education of their children. This is reflected in the high percentage (91%) of school-age children attending school, concentrating 47% at the primary level and 38% at the secondary level. However, many of the students are not studying the level it deserves study by chronological age due to late onset of economic factors and repetition. These children need to be supported with their homework, resulting in the study population that 58% is left to care for the mother. Mothers indicate that they watch their children when performing tasks, but with "little help" because they do not quite understand the exercises to be solved because of their low level of education. There are a 33% of school-age children who are not helped by several factors: parents have a low level of education, work up at night, etc. ECONOMIC SITUATION The economic situation of these three communities are very poor, considered in extreme poverty, often do not cover their basic needs basket.

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In the 62% of the families the head of household is the only member who works and provides the income, in 13% of cases this role is shared between the head of household and spouse, who practices informal jobs and only 10% of cases, the spouse is the one who brings an income to the house. These incomes are mostly below the minimum wage and it does not cover the basic family basket, representing in the study 64% of families. The biggest expense is food, not having the chance to meet other needs such as health, clothing and recreation. HEALTH The most frequent diseases in these communities are: respiratory system (29%) is bronchitis, asthma and the most common ARI, gastrointestinal system (26%), where the gastritis is the most common, neurological genitourinary system (12%) and circulatory system (9%). The main factors that can cause various diseases, especially in children, are precarious and hygienic living, poor nutrition, limited access to health services and a low income of the population does not allow timely care. There is also a very important result where 58% do not have health insurance, only 32% are affiliated to SIS, while 9.5% are enrolled in Social Security. There are many factors or barriers that involve affiliation and it use, such as the lack of time, cumbersome procedure, care not cover the entire treatment. Mental health in these families cannot meet them by demanding more spending. We see it in the results of the study that families never share spaces as a family (32%). Those who do it once a month, represent 25% versus 13% of those who perform it occasionally during the year. CONCLUSIONS These conclusions reflect the most significant and recurrent evaluations of the three human settlements surveyed in Villa Maria del Triunfo. 1. - Housing conditions, most are predominantly precarious made of plywood on the walls and dirt floors, exposing families to disease, adverse weather conditions and lack of security. 2. - Overcrowding is a serious problem in human settlements surveyed. Over 4 people live in one or two rooms where they do all the household chores. 3. - Families do not have potable water service in their homes; their source is the pylon of public access and store water in containers that are cleaned weekly. 16% of households consume water directly, endangering their health.
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4. - As for sewage disposal is by silos or hollow; built as cottage industry: plastics, old cloths or cardboard; enabled close to houses. Likewise, 18% of families eliminate excreta in the open, being a source of disease transmission. 5. - 51% of those over 17 years have not completed basic education. That reflect the skills accumulated by the working age population are limited, which does not ensure an adequate employment, increasingly demanding, competitive and technologically. 6. - The school children are mostly left in the care of their mother (58%), but of these, 40% say they support with their homework, which as discussed during the interview they watch how children carry out their homework because they do not understand the exercises to be solved. 7. In the 62% of families, the head of household is the only member who works and contributes to income. They do not have a steady job that gives them job security and social benefits. They accesses to informal jobs and piecework. Household income does not cover the basic family basket. 8. - 58% of the population does not have health insurance even though there is Integral Health Insurance (SIS) offered by the State for people in extreme poverty.

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Agosto de 2012