One-Way Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test: SPSS

Suppose we wish to test the null hypothesis that Karl Wuensch gives equal num ers of !"s# $"s# C"s# %"s# and F"s as final grades in his undergraduate statistics classes& The o served frequencies are' !' (# $' )*# C' +,# %' -,# F' -,& The data are entered into S.SS li/e this'

%o not enter the values of the categorical varia le as alphanumeric data& 0f you so# S.SS will refuse to do the analysis& Code the categories numerically and then la el those values li/e this'

1ow tell S.SS to weight the cases y Count& Clic/ %ata# Weight Cases# Weight Cases $y Count&

OK& Clic/ !naly2e# 1onparametric Tests# Chi-square& Scoot Grade into the Test 3aria le 4ist& $y default S.SS will use all categories and will test the hypothesis that the counts are# in the population# uniformly distri uted across categories&

Copyright ),,+# Karl 4& Wuensch - !ll rights reserved&

OK&
Grade F % C $ ! Total O served 1 -, -, +, )* ( -,, 67pected 1 ),&, ),&, ),&, ),&, ),&, 8esidual --,&, --,&, 5,&, *&, --*&,

Test Statistics Chi-Squarea df !symp& Sig& Grade (+&(,, * &,,,

a& , cells 9&,:; have e7pected frequencies less than +& The minimum e7pected cell frequency is ),&,&

We re<ect the hypothesis that the counts are uniformly distri uted across the categories# )9*# N = -,,; = (+&(, p > &,,-& 0f you wanted to restrict the range of the categories tested 9for e7ample# testing the hypothesis that $"s# C"s# and %"s are equally li/ely;# you would do so y specifying the lowest and highest category values to e tested in the ?67pected 8ange@ o7&

OK&
Frequencies Grade O served 1 67pected 1 -, )A&, +, )A&, )* )A&, A*

) 5 Total

Category % C $

8esidual --A&, ))&, -*&,

Test Statistics Chi-Squarea df !symp& Sig& Grade )B&*)B ) &,,,

a& , cells 9&,:; have e7pected frequencies less than +& The minimum e7pected cell frequency is )A&,&

Suppose you wish to test the null hypothesis that Karl Wuensch gives twice as many C"s as $"s# twice as many $"s as !"s# <ust as many %"s as $"s# and <ust as many F"s as !"s and the o served frequencies are as efore& Cnder this null hypothesis# given a total N of -,,# the e7pected frequencies are' -,# ),# *,# ),# and -,& 0 enter these e7pected frequencies in the ?67pected 3alues@ o7'

OK&

Grade F % C $ ! Total O served 1 -, -, +, )* ( -,, 67pected 1 -,&, ),&, *,&, ),&, -,&, 8esidual &, --,&, -,&, *&, -*&,

Test Statistics Chi-Squarea df !symp& Sig& Grade B&B,, * &,*)

a& , cells 9&,:; have e7pected frequencies less than +& The minimum e7pected cell frequency is -,&,&

We re<ect the stated hypothesis# # )9*# N = -,,; = B&B, p = &,*)& .lease note that there are a lot of 0nternet stats programs that will do such a chisquare goodness of fit test& For e7ample# you could use the program at 3assar'

8eturn to my S.SS 4essons page Dore 4essons on the $inomial and Chi-Square %istri utions 4etters From Former Students -- some continue to use my online lessons when they go on to doctoral programs Copyright ),,+# Karl 4& Wuensch - !ll rights reserved&