adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri (EMC)

adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri

sekularizmis krizisi da loialoba dominanti jgufis mimarT

Human Rights Education and Monitoring Center

EMC

saxelmwifos roli 2012-2013 wlebSi saqarTveloSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtebis mogvarebaSi

adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri (EMC)

adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri

EMC
Human Rights Education and Monitoring Center

2013

adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri (EMC)

adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri

EMC
Human Rights Education and Monitoring Center

kvleva momzadda adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centris (EMC) mier aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis institutis (EWMI) programis saqarTveloSi sajaro politikis, advokatirebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba (G-PAC) farglebSi. kvlevis Catareba SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikeli xalxis gulisxmieri mxardaWeris Sedegad, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID) dafinansebiT. kvlevis Sinaarsze mTlianad pasuxismgebelia adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri (EMC). is SesaZloa ar gamoxatavdes USAID-is, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mTavrobis an EWMI-is Sexedulebebs. avtori: mkvlevarTa jgufi: TamTa miqelaZe lina RvinianiZe maia barkaia giorgi noniaSvili daTo laRiZe nino guruli zaal CxeiZe mariam uberi TaTuli Wubabria

redaqtori: Targmani:

adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri (EMC) misamarTi: SaniZis quCa #3, 0179, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo tel: (+995 32) 223 15 58 el. fosta: humanrightsemc@gmail.com www.emc.org.ge Facebook: https: www.facebook.com/RIGHTSEMC tiraJi: 500 akrZalulia aq moyvanili masalebis gadabeWdva, gamravleba an gavrceleba komerciuli mizniT, centris werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.

`saunje~, gamomcemeli vaJa wowkolauri SAUNJE publishing house, Vazha Tsotskolauri

ISBN 978-9941-451-12-6

sarCevi
Sesavali..........................................................................................................................................................7 1. kvlevis mizani da kvlevis meTodologia.................................................................................8 1.1 kvlevis mizani......................................................................................................8 1.2 kvlevis meTodologia........................................................................................9 1.2.1. empiriuli masalis mogrovebis instrumentebi............................................9 1.2.2. nigvzianSi, winwyarosa da samTawyaroSi Catarebuli kvleviTi samuSaoebis aRwera..................................................................................................10 1.2.3. empiriuli masalis Teoriuli damuSavebis instrumentebi.......................11 2. sofel nigvzianSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtis mimoxilva....................................................................................................................................................12 2.1. sofeli nigvzianis mosaxleobis socialuri da religiuri kompozicia ..... ..................................................................................................................................12 2.2. sofel nigvzianSi mimdinare religiuri konfliqtis qronologia da dinamika....................................................................................................................12 2.2.1 pirveli religiuri xasiaTis dapirispireba, romelic sofel nigvzianSi 2010 wels gamovlinda.............................................................................................12 2.2.2. meore religiuri konfliqti, romelic sofel nigvzianSi 2012 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi gamovlinda .........................................................................13 2.2.3. sofel nigvzianSi dRes arsebuli mdgomareoba .......................................17 2.3. mxareTa Sefasebebi konfliqtis mizezebis Taobaze ...................................18 2.3.1 konfliqtis politikuri konteqstebi .......................................................19 2.3.2. adgilobriv sajaro politikaSi muslimi Temis CarTulobis problema da SesaZlo diskriminaciuli midgomebi maT mimarT .........................................23 2.3.3. prozelitizmis problema nigvzianis sajaro skolaSi ............................24 2.3.4. aWareli muslimebis identoba da maTi indoqtrinaciis procesi sofel nigvzianSi................................................................................................................26 2.3.5. socialuri kontrastebis gamo Temebs Soris gaucxoebis tendencia ....28 2.4. konfliqtis mxareTa Sefasebebi konfliqtis daregulirebis procesSi ZiriTadi aqtorebis mier Sesrulebuli rolis Sesaxeb .....................................28 2.4.1. sofeli nigvzianis muslimi Temis Sefasebebi ...........................................29 2.4.2. sofeli nigvzianis marTlmadidebeli Temis Sefasebebi...........................30 3. sofel winwyaroSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtis mimoxilva .................32 3.1. sofeli winwyaros mosaxleobis socialuri da religiuri kompozicia....32 3.2. sofel winwyaroSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtis qronologia da dinamika....................................................................................................................32

3.2.1. samlocvelos gaxsna sofel winwyaroSi......................................................32 3.2.2. sofel winwyaroSi gamovlenili konfliqtis qronologia da mimoxilva....33 3.2.3. sofel winwyaroSi dRes arsebuli mdgomareoba........................................38 3.3. mxareTa Sefasebebi sofel winwyaroSi mimdinare konfliqtis mizezebis Taobaze....................................................................................................................38 3.3.1. konfliqtis politikuri konteqstebi........................................................38 3.3.2. jvris moWris incidenti da mxareebis mier aRniSnuli faqtis Sefaseba ......40 3.3.3. samlocvelos gaxsnis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis CarTulobis problema ............................................41 3.3.4. prozelitizmis problema winwyaros sajaro skolaSi ............................42 3.3.5. aWareli muslimebis identoba da maTi indoqtrinaciis procesi sofel winwyaroSi...............................................................................................................42 3.4. konfliqtis mxareTa Sefasebebi konfliqtis daregulirebis procesSi ZiriTadi aqtorebis mier Sesrulebli rolis Sesaxeb.......................................43 3.4.1. sofeli winwyaros muslimi Temis Sefasebebi............................................43 3.4.2. sofeli winwyaros marTlmadidebeli Temis Sefasebebi ............................44 4. sofel samTawyaroSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtis mimoxilva...............45 4.1. sofeli samTawyaroSi mosaxleobis socialuri da religiuri kompozicia............................................................................................45 4.2. religiuri konfliqtis qronologia da dinamika ......................................46 4.2.1. samlocvelos gaxsna sofel samTawyaroSi ................................................46 4.2.2. konfliqtis pirveli dRe _ 2013 wlis 24 maisi.........................................47 4.2.3. 2013 wls 31 maisis dapirispireba ..............................................................49 4.2.4. 2013 wlis 7 ivniss adgilobriv xojaze ganxorcielebuli zewola .......50 4.2.5. 2013 wlis 14 ivniss reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministris viziti samTawyaroSi..............................................................................................51 4.2.6. 2013 wlis 28 ivniss adgilobrivi xojas sacxovrebelSi SeWrisa da mis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis muqaris faqti ........................................52 4.2.7. adgilobrivi xojas mier soflis datoveba da locvis Sewyveta samlocveloSi .......................................................................................................54 4.2.8. konfliqtis Semdgomi situacia da dRes arsebuli mdgomareoba sofelSi .................................................................................................................54 4.2.9. sofeli samTawyaros muslimi Temis poziciebi konfliqtis Taobaze ...55 4.2.10. sofeli samTawyaros marTlmadidebeli Temis Sefasebebi konfliqtis Taobaze...............................................................................................56 4.3. mxareTa Sefasebebi konfliqtis mizezebis Taobaze ...................................57 4.3.1. konfliqtis politikuri konteqstebi.......................................................57

4.3.2. aWareli muslimebis identoba da maTi indoqtrinaciis procesi sofel samTawyaroSi...........................................................................................................58 4.4. konfliqtis mxareTa Sefasebebi konfliqtis daregulirebis procesSi ZiriTadi aqtorebis mier Sesrulebuli rolis Sesaxeb ...................................60 4.4.1. sofeli samTawyaros adgilobrivi muslimi Temis Sefasebebi...........60 4.4.2. sofeli samTawyaros marTlmadidebeli Temis Sefasebebi ......................60 5. religiuri konfliqtebis mogvarebis procesSi saxelmwifos mier Sesrulebuli rolis Sefaseba ........................................................................................................61 5.1. zogadi mimoxilva ............................................................................................61 5.2. konfliqtebis drouli da efeqturi aRkveTis mizniT saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli politikis analizi ................................................................63 5.3. konfliqtis mSvidobiani da samarTliani gadawyvetis mizniT saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli politikis analizi .......................................................65 5.4. konfliqtebis daregulirebis procesSi saxelmwifos mier sekularizmis principis darRveva ...............................................................................................68 5.5. konfliqtebis kompleqsuri gaazreba da maTi prevenciis mizniT pozitiuri RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis saWiroeba .......................................69 6. religiur konfliqtebTan dakavSirebiT saxelmwifosTvis momzadebuli zogadi rekomendaciebi.......................................................................................................................70 6.1. rekomendaciebi, romelic Sinagan saqmeTa saministros miemarTeba...........70 6.2. rekomendaciebi, romelic ganaTlebis saministros miemarTeba ................71 6.3. rekomendaciebi, romelic reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministris aparats miemarTeba ..............................................................................71 6.4. rekomendaciebi, romelic saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros miemarTeba ..............................................................................................................72 6.5. rekomendaciebi, romelic regionaluri ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministrosa da adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebs miemarTeba ....................... 73 6.6. rekomendaciebi, romelic parlamentsa da politikur partiebs miemarTebaT ...........................................................................................................73 daskvna ..........................................................................................................................................................75 bibliografia ...........................................................................................................................................76 saqarTveloSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtebis politikuri da socialuri konteqstebis analizi.................................................................................................77 bibliografia ...........................................................................................................................................86

Sesavali
winamdebare kvleva, romelic adamianis uflebebis dokumentirebis angariSs warmoadgens adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centris (EMC) mier aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis institutis (EWMI) programa _ sajaro politikis, advokatirebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi (G-PAC) mxardaWeriTa da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID) dafinansebiT momzadda. kvleva miznad isaxavs 2012-2013 wlebSi saqarTvelos ramdenime regionSi, kerZod, sofel nigvzianSi (lanCxuTis municipaliteti), sofel winwyarosa (TeTriwyaros municipaliteti) da sofel samTawyaroSi (dedofliswyaros municipaliteti) gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtebis Seswavlas, konfliqtebis daregu lirebis procesSi saxelmwifos mier gatarebuli politikis analizsa da adgilobrivi da centraluri xelisuflebisTvis rekomendaciebis wardgenas konfliqtis adgilebSi arsebuli problemebis gadawyvetisa da momavalSi msgavsi konfliqtebis prevenciis mizniT. kvleva religiur konfliqtebs erTian dinamikaSi ganixilavs da mimoixilavs im socialur da politikur konteqstebs, romelic gavlenas axdenda konfliqtebze. kvlevaSi detalurad aris warmodgenili nigvzianSi, winwyarosa da samTawyaroSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtebis narativi, romelic moicavs konfliqtis istorias, mis dinamikas, konfliqtis adgilebSi dRes arsebuli mdgomareobis, konfliqtis mizezebis Taobaze da konfliqtis gadawyvetis mizniT saxelmwifos, iseve rogorc religiuri aqtorebis, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da mediis mier Sesrulebuli rolTan dakavSirebiT konfliqtis mxareebis Sefasebebis mimoxilvas (kvlevis me-2, me-3 da me-4 Tavebi). kvlevis me-5 TavSi Sefasebulia sofel nigvzianSi, sofel winwyarosa da sofel samTawyaroSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtebis mSvidobiani da samarTliani gadawyvetis mizniT saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli politika. saxelmwifos rolis Sefasebis dros kvleva iyenebs kriteriumebs, romelic efeqtianobis, samarTlianobisa da sekularizmis principebidan gamomdinareobs. kvlevis me-6 TavSi warmodgenilia centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebisTvis EMC-is mier momzadebuli zogadi xasiaTis rekomendaciebi, romelic konfliqtebis gamomwvevi mizezebis aRkveTisa da momavalSi maTi/ msgavsi konfliqtebis prevenciis mizniT gasatarebel RonisZiebebs moicavs. rekomendaciebi individualurad aris gawerili relevanturi uwyebebis mixedviT.

1. kvlevis mizani da kvlevis meTodologia

kvlevis meTodologia sakvlevi procesis bunebiTa da kvlevis miznebiT ganisazRvreba. mocemul SemTxvevaSi kvlevis mizani im lokalur da makro doneze arsebuli mizezebisa Tu konteqstebis gamovlena iyo, romelmac xeli Seuwyo gansaxilveli religiuri konfliqtebis warmoSobas da ganapiroba isini.

1.1. kvlevis mizani 2012 wlis pirveli oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg, sakmaod mokle droSi sxvadasxva geografiul arealSi lokaluri religiuri konfliqtebis gamovlenam maTi erTian dinamikaSi ganxilvis aucilebloba Seqmna. miuxedavad imisa, rom konfliqtebis Sefasebis dros zogierTi saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis piri konfliqtebis xelovnurobis/konspiraciis Teorias iyenebda da ar aRiarebda adgilebze arsebul problemebs, konfliqtebis zedapiruli dakvirvebac ki (rac SemdgomSi kvlevis mier dadasturda) aCvenebda, rom mimdinare religiuri konfliqtebi ar iyo sporaduli, religiis Tavisuflebis dacvis kuTxiT qveyanaSi arsebuli sistemuri problemebis Sedegi gaxldaT da amavdroulad, maT aSkara manifestacias axdenda. konfliqtSi dapirispirebuli religiuri jgufebis aRqmebi da damokidebulebebi ki adgilobriv qristian da muslim Temebs Soris gaucxoebis Rrma kvals aCvenebda. Sesabamisad, aSkara iyo, rom konfliqtebi lokalur da SemdgomSi erTian dinamikur Seswavlas moiTxovda. gansaxilveli religiuri konfliqtebis ganviTarebisa da konfliqtebis gadawyvetis mizniT saxelmwifos mier gatarebuli politikis prima facie Sefaseba aCvenebda, rom saxelmwifos usamarTlo da arasekularulma politikam pirveli (nigvzianis) konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi ganapiroba misi sxva adgilebSi gavrceleba da gazarda uflebebis SezRudvis masStabi. religiuri konfliqtebis konteqstSi sekularuli wonasworobis darRvevis Taobaze mtkicebebs, rac konfliqtebis dros saxelmwifos mier samarTaldarRvevebze adekvaturi reagirebis uaryofasa da konfliqtebis gadawyvetis funqciis religiuri aqtorebisTvis gadandobaSi gamoixata, bolo periodSi saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Suqze1 kidev ufro myari empiriuli safuZveli mieca da am sakiTxis Sefasebam gansaxilveli konfliqtebis analizis procesSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba SeiZina.

1 igulisxmeba 17 maiss homofobiisa da transfobiis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTaSoriso dResTan dakavSirebiT dagegmil aqciaze eklesiis mier organizebuli kontrdemonstracia, aseve centraluri xelisuflebis mier sofeli Welas (adigenis municipaliteti) meCeTis minareTis demontaJi da policiis mier adgilobrivi muslimebis winaaRmdeg araproporciuli Zalis gamoyenebis faqtebi. 8

amdenad, winamdebare kvlevis mizania, erTis mxriv, saxelmwifos politikis Seswavla, Tu ramdenad SeZlo man gansaxilveli religiuri konfliqtebis daregulireba Tanasworobisa da religiis Tavisuflebis pativiscemiTa da sekularizmis principis dacviT. meores mxriv ki im socialuri, politikuri da kulturuli pirobebis Cveneba, romelic adgilobrivi mosaxleobis damokidebulebebis Seswavlis dros gamovlinda da romelic gavlenas axdenda konfliqtebis warmoSobaze. kvlevis mizani ar aris sxvadasxva politikuri Zalebis mier konfliqtebis xelovnurad warmoSobis Taobaze Teoriebis namdvilobis Semowmeba, rad gan amgvari konspiraciis arsebobis pirobebSic ki konfliqtebis dros gamovlenili problemebi miuTiTebs maT sistemur xasiaTze, romelic religiis Tavisuflebis, sekularizmisa da tolerantobis principebis dacvis kuTxiT saxelmwifoSi arsebobs.

1.2. kvlevis meTodologia 1.2.1. empiriuli masalis mogrovebis instrumentebi kvleva ZiriTadad konfliqtebis mimdinareobis dros mogrovebuli dokumenturi masalisa da mogvianebiT proeqtis jgufis mier kvlevis farglebSi konfliqtis ZiriTadi aqtorebisgan (adgilobrivi Temebi, adgi lobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi, sasuliero pirebi, sajaro skolebis administracia) aRebuli CaRrmavebuli interviuebis kritikul diskurs analizs efuZneba. Sesabamisad, kvlevaSi Tvisobrivi kvlevis meTodebia gamoyenebuli. kvleva or droiT etaps moicavda _ uSualod konfliqtis mimdinareobisa da konfliqtis daregulirebis/konservaciis Semdgom periods. aRniSnul etapze mxareTa poziciebSi cvlileba SeimCneva, rac drois gasvlasTan erTad mxareebis mier procesebis racionalizaciiTa da molodinebis gadafasebiT SeiZleba aixsnas. respodentebis SerCevis dros EMC-is kvlevis jgufma gaiTvaliswina, maTi religiuri, regionaluri da genderuli kuTvnileba. kvlevis farglebSi gamokiTxulia respodentebis gacilebiT ufro didi jgufi, vidre kvlevaSi gamoyenebuli interviuebis ricxvia. im SemTvevaSi, Tu respodentebis axsnaganmartebebis Sinaarsi arsebiTad emTxveoda erTmaneTs, kvlevis jgufi aRar axdenda momdevno msgavsi interviuebis dokumentirebas. mTlianobaSi, kvlevis farglebSi gamokiTxuli pirebis ricxvi (TiToeul sofelSi daaxloebiT 25mde adamiani) sakmarisia maT mier gakeTebuli Sefasebebis generalizaciisTvis. kvlevaSi gamoyenebuli konfliqtis orive mxaris interviuebis ricxvi TiTqmis Tanabaria.
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kvlevis farglebSi EMC-im SeZlo adgilobrivi qristiani sasuliero pirebisgan interviuebis aReba, Tumca, araerTi mimarTvis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sapatriarqom (SemdgomSi sapatriaqrom) uari Tqva religiuri konfliqtebis Taobaze sakuTari oficialuri Sefasebis gakeTebaze. media saSualebebis mier gadaRebuli video da beWdviTi masalisa da EMC-is kvlevis jgufis savele samuSaoebis dros konfliqtis ZiriTadi aqtorebisgan aRebul axsna-ganmartebebTan erTad, kvlevaSi gamoyenebulia konfliqtis dros saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebis mier gakeTebuli sajaro gancxadebebi, Sexvedrebis stenografiuli Canawerebi, saxelmwifo uwyebebidan gamoTxovili sajaro informacia, aseve konfliqtebTan dakavSirebiT saxalxo damcvelisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sefasebebi. kvleva ZiriTadad konfliqtis mxareebisa da ZiriTadi aqtorebisgan aRebul axsna-ganmartebebs efuZneba da maTi damokidebulebebis, aRqmebis tendenciebs aCvenebs. kvlevis farglebSi srulyofilad aris Seswavlili is faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebic konfliqtis mizezebs an konfliqtis ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovan epizods ukavSirdeba, Tumca, cxadia, kvlevaSi damoukideblad ar aris gamokvleuli yvela is faqti, romelsac mxareebi sakuTar interviuebSi uTiTeben. kvlevaSi amgvari faqtebis miTiTebis mizezi gaxda sxva respodentebis ganmartebebSi maTi ganmeorebiToba, kvlevis mier gamovlenili zogadi tendenciisTvis maTi simptomuri mniSvneloba, an konkretuli pirisTvis amgvari subieqturi aRqmis niSandoblivoba.

1.2.2. nigvzianSi, samuSaoebis aRwera

winwyarosa

da

samTawyaroSi

Catarebuli

kvleviTi

i. sofel nigvzianSi Catarebuli kvleviTi samuSaoebis aRwera sofel nigvzianSi savele kvleviTi samuSaoebi 2013 wlis ivnissa da ivlisSi, konfliqtidan 7-8 Tvis Semdeg Catarda. konfliqtis mimdinareobis dros proeqtis jgufis wevrebs ar miecaT SesaZlebloba, uSualod dakvirvebodnen process da am periodis analizi media saSualebebis mier gadaRebul video da beWdur masalas emyareba. savele kvleviTi samuSaoebis dro kvlevis jgufis mier aRebuli CaRmavebuli interviuebidan kvleva uSualod imowmebs da teqstad iyenebs Semdegi pirebis axsna-ganmartebebs: soflis rwmunebuli, skolis direqtori da misi moadgile, skolis 2 maswavlebeli, adgilobrivi mRvdeli, adgilobrivi xoja, samufTos warmomadgeneli, 3 adgilobrivi qristiani piri, 7 adgilobrivi muslimi piri.

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ii. sofel winwyaroSi Catarebuli kvleviTi samuSaoebis aRwera sofel winwyaroSi mimdinare religiur konfliqts kvlevis jgufi uSualod akvirdeboda da maT mier Segrovda konfliqtis amsaxveli ara erTi video masala. meore etapis kvleviTi samuSaoebi sofelSi 2013 wlis maisis TveSi, konfliqtidan 6 Tvis Semdeg Catarda. winwyaroSi gamovlenili konfliqtis Sefasebisas kvleva uSualod iyenebs da perefrazirebs Semdeg pirTa interviuebs: soflis rwmunebuli, skolis 2 maswavlebeli, samufTos warmomadgeneli, adgilobrivi xoja, manglisisa da walkis eparqiis mitro politi, 9 adgilobrivi qristiani piri, 8 adgilobrivi muslimi piri.

iii. sofel samTawyaroSi Catarebuli kvleviTi samuSaoebis aRwera sofel samTawyaroSi konfliqtis mimdinareobis dros kvlevis samuSao jgufi adgilze imyofeboda da SeZlo ara erTi video dokumenturi masalis Segroveba. meore etapis kvleviTi savele samuSaoebi samTawyaroSi 2013 wlis oqtombris TveSi, konfliqtidan 3 Tvis Semdeg Catarda. kvlevis teqstSi uSualod gamoyenebulia Semdegi pirebis axsna-ganmartebebi: adgilobrivi xoja suliko xozrevaniZe da misi meuRle, nigvzianis sajaro skolis direqtori da skolis saswavlo nawili, soflis teritoriuli organos rwmunebuli, dedofliswyaros municipalitetis sakrebulos deputati, adgilobrivi mRvdeli, 6 muslimi mlocveli, 6 adgilobrivi qristiani.

1.2.3. empiriuli masalis Teoriuli damuSavebis instrumentebi kvlevis procesSi Segrovebulma empiriulma masalam SesaZlebeli gaxada religiuri konfliqtebis sruli suraTis rekonstruqcia. konfliqtebis narativis aRdgenis Semdeg ganxorcielda respodentebis axsna-ganmartebebis, media saSualebebSi gavrcelebuli informaciis, saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebis oficialuri sajaro gancxadebebis kritikuli diskurs analizi. miRebuli analizis Sedegebi ki sekularizmis principisa da religiis Tavisuflebis qveS saxelmwifos valdebulebebis Taobaze saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi standartebis Suqze Sefasda. saxelmwifosTvis wardgenili rekomendaciebis momzadebis dros aseve gamoyenebuli iqna saxalxo damcvelis, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier religiis Tavisuflebis dacvis kuTxiT qveyanaSi arsebul mdgomareobaze gakeTebuli angariSebi da moxsenebebi.

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2. sofel nigvzianSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtis mimoxilva

2.1. sofeli nigvzianis mosaxleobis socialuri da religiuri kompozicia sofeli nigvziani guriis regionSi, lanCxuTis municipalitetSi mdebareobs. sofelSi 1300-mde ojaxi cxovrobs, mosaxleobis umravlesobas adgilobrivi guruli Temi qmnis, romelic Tavs marTlmadidebel qristian mrevls miakuTvnebs. mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 35%-s 1970-ian wlebSi maRalmTiani aWaridan Camosaxlebuli ekomigrantebi Seadgenen. aWarelTa didi nawili Tavis identificirebas qarTvel muslimad axdens. Tumca, aWarlebis garkveuli nawili am drois ganmavlobaSi gaqristianda. sofel nigvzianSi Camosaxlebis Semdeg aWarelma ekomigrantebma moaxerxes ekonomikuri ganviTareba da integracia. adgilobriv mosaxleobasa da aWaridan Camosaxlebul Tems Soris keTilmezobluri urTierToba damyarda. fiqsirdeba Temebs Soris qorwinebis SemTxvevebic. Tumca, Temebis atitudebis CaRrmavebuli kvleva aCvenebs, rom mxareebs Soris arsebobda gaucxoebis tendencia socialuri da religiuri gansxvavebebis gamo, rac, rogorc Cans, Ria konfliqtamde latentur xasiaTs atarebda (ix. qvemoT qveTavebi 2.3.3 _ 2.3.5).

2.2. sofel nigvzianSi mimdinare religiuri konfliqtis qronologia da dinamika 2.2.1 pirveli religiuri xasiaTis dapirispireba, romelic sofel nigvzianSi 2010 wels gamovlinda 2010 wlamde sofel nigvzianSi qristiani da muslimi Temebis TanacxovrebaSi religiuri niSniT Ria dapirispireba ar gamovlenila. Tumca, konfliqtis Semdeg mxareebis atitudebis CaRmavebuli kvleva adgilobriv qristian da muslim Temebs Soris religiuri da socialur-ekonomikuri niSniT gansxvavebis gamo gaucxoebis niSnebs avlens. 2010 wels adgilobrivma muslimma Temma sofelSi samlocvelos gaxsna gadawyvita. nigvziansa da mis mimdebare soflebSi ar funqcionirebda samlocvelo, ris gamoc am teritoriaze mcxovreb muslim mlocvelebs baTumis an qobuleTis meCeTebSi Casvla uwevdaT. Tumca, muslimebis ganmartebiT, finansuri da drosTan dakavSirebuli resursis gamo, xSirad am qalaqebSi salocavad Casvla maTTvis SeuZlebeli iyo. muslimi Temis ganmartebiT, sofel nigvzianSi Casaxlebis pirvel periodSi isini ekonomikur gaZlierebasa da adgilze socialur adaptirebas cdilobdnen, Semdeg ki samlocvelos gaxsnis saWiroebac gauCndaT. muslimi Temis am gadawyvetilebas adgilobrivi mosaxleoba da xelisufleba daupirspirda da ar dauSva samlocvelos aSeneba. erT-erTi muslimi mlocveli
12

Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi ixsenebs: [...] patara meCeTi unda agveSenebina. goguaZe [igulisxmeba giorgi goguaZe, im dros lanCxuTis municipalitetis rwmunebuli] moiyvana xalxma. maSinve dagvaSlevines yvelaferi. fundamenti iyo ukve Casxmuli. aqauri xalxi movida da gviTxra, rom ar SeiZleba aSenebao. [...] Segvawyvetines mSenebloba. igives adasturebs sxva muslimi mlocveli Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi: goguaZem gviTxra, movides nebarTva mTavrobidan da gagakeTebinebTo, Tu ar movida _ arao. goguaZem gviTxra, ojaxebSi dajeqiT da iloceT ramdenic gindaTo. isic gviTxra, xalxs ar undao da Cven gurulebs da aWarlebs erTmaneTs ar davupirispirebTo. adgilobrivi xojas, badri kaxaZis ganmartebiT, giorgi goguaZem samlocvelos aSenebis sanacvlod maT qobuleTSi an baTumSi meCeTSi Casasvlelad municipalitetis transportis gamoyofa SesTavaza. b. kaxiZis gancxadebiT, goguaZem muslimebs ganucxada: Cven imitom vmuSaobT, rom unda gagaqristianoTo. Cemi gamgeblobis periodSi ki meCeTi arc yofila da arc iqnebao. 2010 wels gamovlenil religiuri xasiaTis dapirispirebas sajaro reprezentacia ar mohyolia da is mxolod kvlevis Semdeg gamoikveTa.

2.2.2. meore religiuri konfliqti, romelic sofel nigvzianSi 2012 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi gamovlinda meored Ria religiuri konfliqti nigvzianSi 2012 wlis 26 oqtombers gamovlinda, rodesac bairamis dResaswaulze paraskevis locvis dasrulebis Semdeg, muslimebs 150-mde adgilobrivma qristianma gza gadauRoba da samlocvelos gauqmeba moiTxova. adgilobriv muslim Tems samlocvelo manamde 1,5-2 Tvis gaxnili hqonda da am drois ganmavlobaSi paraskevis tradiciul locvas 50-70-mde muslimi mlocveli eswreboda xolme. muslimebis ganmartebiT, muslimTa sammarTvelos samlocvelos gaxsnis sakiTxi SeTanxmebuli hqonda adgilobriv municipalitetTan. 2012 wlis 25 oqtombers bairamis dResaswaulze adgilobriv muslimebs mezobel soflebSi mcxovrebi muslimebic SeuerTdnen da samlocveloSi erTad aRniSnavdnen bairams. dResaswaulis pirvelma dRem mSvidobianad Caira. meore dRes, 26 oqtombers, roca stumrad Camosuli mlocvelebi manqanebSi sxdebodnen, adgilobrivma qristianebma maT gza gadauRobes da sofelSi Camosvla aukrZales. dapirispireba sityvier SeuracxyofaSi gamoixata. adgilobrivi muslimebis ganmartebiT, policia adgilze iyo mobilizebuli, Tumca, mas ar ucdia adgilobrivi qristianebis qcevis aRkveTa. 2012 wlis 2 noembers badri kaxaZis saxlTan asobiT adgilobrivi qristiani Seikriba da samlocvelos mSenebloba gaaprotesta. 2 noembers media saSualebebis mier gadaRebul video masalis analizi aCvenebs, rom adgilobrivi qristianebis gancxadebebi agresiuli iyo da garkveul wilad Zaladobis
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muqaras Seicavda. qvemoT adgilobrivi qristianebis mier gakaTebuli ramdenime gancxadebaa warmodgenili: [...] me rom gavCerde, axalgazrdebi ar gaCerdebian, imisTanas davatrialebT, afxazeTi monagoni iqnebao. gamosavals vxedav imaSi, rom meCeTi ar unda aSendes (adgilobrivi qristiani, manana gogiCaiSvili). [...] eg ar moxdeba. Tu Cems sarwmunoebas dasWirda, yelsac gamovWri viRacas. Turqs avarevino da Sevacvlevino Cemi soflis istoria, ar iqneba (adgilobrivi qristiani, goCa CxartiSvili). sofelSi meCeTis arsebobas ar davuSvebT. paraskevis gaTeneba meSinia, rom rame ar moxdes (adgilobrivi qristiani, soso afxazava). moxdeba mkvleloba da aravin ar aris patroni. mogvxedon. policiac unda Caerios da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobac. Zalian cudi situacia datrialdeba aq (adgilobrivi qristiani, gela tuRuSi). 2 2 noembers muslimur samlocvelosTan adgilobrivi qristianebis Sekrebas eswrebodnen nigvzianis sajaro skolis moswavleebi, maT Soris, muslimi aWarlebis Svilebi. mediisTvis micemul interviuSi erT-erTi maswavlebeli uTiTebs, rom maT ver SeZles moswavleebis SeCereba skolaSi da aqciaze aWareli da guruli mosaxleobis erTianobis dasafiqsireblad mividnen.3 (ufro vrclad ixileT qvemoT qveTavi 2.3.3) am dRes ramdenime adgilobrivi qristiani ZaliT Sevida salocavis teritoriaze da b. kaxaZes uTiTebda, rom ar dauSvebda salocavis arsebobas qarTul sofelSi. am epizodis amsaxvel video masalaSi kargad Cans agresia adgilobrivi qristianebis qcevasa da enaSi.4 2 noembers sofel nigvzianSi arsebuli situaciis gasarkvevad Casuli saqarTvelos mufTi, jemal paqsaZe adgilobrivebma ar SeuSves salocavSi.5 es situacia mxolod mas Semdeg ganimuxta, rac adgilobrivi xelisuflebis monawileobiT religiuri Temis liderebs Soris molaparakebebi Sedga. adgilobrivi dekanozis saba JRentis, gancxadebiT, Sexvedris dros samufTom piroba dado, rom gaiTvaliswinebda mosaxleobis mosazrebebs da erT kviraSi sakuTar gadawyvetilebas warmoadgenda. Tavis komentarSi dekanozma miuTiTa, rom imedi aqvs, rom samufTo `CvenTvis, gurulebisTvis, marTlmadideblebisTvis~
2 netgazeTi, 01.11.2012, http://netgazeti.ge/GE/105/News/14303/ 3 info9-s mier gadaRebuli video masala, 02. 11.2013, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=BooFrPXeOho 4 mecxre arxis mier momzadebuli siuJeti, 30.10.2013, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=raZG2Wl0M10 5 netgazeTis mier momzadebuli statia da video masala, 02.11.2013, http://netgazeti.ge/ GE/105/News/14326/ 14

misaReb gadawyvetilebas miiRebda. dekanozi salocavSi sxva soflebidan mlocvelebis Camosvlaze adgilobrivi qristianebis protests iziarebda da moiTxovda locvas `masiuri saxe dakargvoda.6 incidentis dros adgilze mobilizebuli iyo policia, romelsac ar aRukveTia adgilobrivi qristianebis qceva. adgilobrivma qristianebma policias koleqtiuri gancxadeba gadasces, romelSic sakuTari uflebebis dacvas moiTxovdnen.7 2 noembers sofel nigvzianSi imyofebodnen saxalxo damcvelis ofisis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da mediis warmomadgenlebi. 2 noembers mimdinare dapirispirebis dros adgilze imyofebodnen nigvzianis gamgebeli irakli gujabiZe da lanCxuTis municipalitetis gamgeblis movaleobis Semsrulebeli kaxa oskurava. irakli gujabiZis gancxadebiT, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba im gadawyvetilebas dauWerda mxars, romelsac umravlesoba iziarebda. misi SefasebiT, igi Tavad ewinaaRmdegeba im faqts, rom nigvzianis salocavSi sxvadasxva soflebidan muslimi mlocvelebi Camodiodnen.8 kaxa oskuravas SefasebiT, mTavari iyo, ar gaRvivebuliyo konfliqti. misi TqmiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom religiis Tavisufleba daculia konstituciiT, sakiTxis sensitiurobidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovani iyo religiur liderebs Soris molaparakebebi Semdgariyo.9 2 noembers nigvzianSi Cavida adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa da samoqalaqo integraciis komitetis Tavmjdomare eka beselia. mediisTvis gakeTebul gancxadebaSi eka beseliam xazi gausva, rom religiur niadagze konfliqts sofelSi adgili ar hqonia da arsebobda mxolod azrTa sxvadasxvaoba, romelic ar scildeboda koreqtulobis zRvars. beselias SefasebiT, muslimi Temis uflebebis xelyofas adgili ar hqonia da erTis uflebis dacvam ar unda gamoiwvios meoris uflebis darRveva, amisTvis ki unda miRweuliyo balansi, rac komitetis Tavmjdomaris SefasebiT, nigvzianis konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi mxareebs Soris Tanacxovrebis wesebze SeTanxmebas gulisxmobda. eka beseliam ganacxada: Cven Zalian tolerantruli da marTlac Semwynarebluri damokidebuleba gvaqvs, magram bunebrivia, marTlmadidebel mrevlsac aqvs sakuTari ufleba da SeTanxmeba SesaZlebelia.10
6 netgazeTis mier momzadebuli statia da video masala, 02.11.2013, http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=BooFrPXeOho 7 netgazeTis mier momzadebuli statia da video masala, 02.11.2013, http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=BooFrPXeOho 8 info9-s mier gadaRebuli video masala, 02. 11.2013, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=BooFrPXeOho 9 info9-s mier gadaRebuli video masala, 02. 11.2013, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=BooFrPXeOho 10 mecxre arxis mier momzadebuli siuJeti, 30.10.2013, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=raZG2Wl0M10 15

nigvzianSi mimdinare procesebs 2 noembers saqarTvelos prezidenti11 da erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos mdivani12 gamoexmurnen. saqarTvelos prezidentis SefasebiT konfliqti provocirebuli iyo da xelisuflebas adgilze Casvlisa da drouli reagirebisken mouwoda. 3 noembers eka beselia saxalxo damcvelis warmomadgenels, nigvzianis macxovreblebsa da qristian da muslim sasuliero pirebs Sexvda. eka beseliam gaimeora 2 noembers nigvzianSi gakeTebuli Sefasebebi da aseve miuTiTa, rom aRniSnuli Sexvedra patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT gaimarTa.13 mogvianebiT, Semoqmedis eparqiis mitropolitma iosebma nigvzianis adgilobriv mosaxleobas aRniSnuli Sexvedris Sedegebi gaacno da ganacxada: sapatriarqoSi gvqonda Sexvedra amaT warmomadgenelTan. mufTi qvia ara? [...] molaparakebas mivaRwieT, rom isini ar moiyvaneben mosaxleobas arc xulodan, arc baTumidan. [...] da ar miecemaT xasiaTi imisi, rom meCeTi iyos. RmerTma dagvifaros. ai aseTi piroba dagvides. vnaxoT, Tu Seasruleben am pirobas.14 dekanozi saba JRentis SefasebiT ki Sexvedraze maT miiRes dapireba, rom umravlesobis sasargeblo gadawyvetileba iqneboda miRebuli. dekanozma ganacxada: Tu ase ar moxdeba, am xalxis gakontroleba Zalian Zneli iqneba.15 5 noembers adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa da samoqalaqo integraciis komitetis sxdomaze nigvzianis konfliqti ganixiles. sxdomas samufTos warmomadgenlebi, saxalxo damcvelisa da religiuri umciresobis warmo madgenlebi eswrebodnen. Sexvedraze Sedga SeTanxmeba, rom muslimi Temi gaagrZelebda locvas salocavSi. Sexvedris Semdeg saparlamento umciresobam ukmayofileba gamoxata komitetis mier konfliqtis Sefasebis Taobaze da gaakritika komiteti, radgan man momxdars zusti samarTlebrivi Sefaseba ar misca da ar dagmo momxdari faqti.16 5 noembers nigvzianSi mimdinare konfliqts gamoexmaura iusticiis ministri, Tea wulukiani da miuTiTa, rom incidentis amowurvis saSualeba jer eklesiebs unda miscemodaT. ministris SefasebiT, `Tu saqmeSi gamoikveTa danaSaulebrivi elementebi, gamoZieba aucileblad daiwyeba. xolo manamde,
11 oficialuri video, romelic prezidentis gamosvlas asaxavs, 02.11.2012 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vqC0HfuwLQ 12 saqarTvelos erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos gancxadeba, 02.11.2012, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.nsc.gov.ge/geo/news.php?id=6227 13 liberalis mier gamoqveynebuli informacia, 05.11.2013, http://www.liberali.ge/ge/liberali/news/113123/ 14 info9-s mier gadaRebuli video masala, 07.11.2013, http://info9.ge/?l=G&m=1000&id=8877 15 24 saaTis mier gamoqveynebuli informacia, 03.11.2013, http://24saati.ge/index.php/category/news/2012-11-03/33475 16 sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis mier momzadebuli siuJeti, 05.11.2013, http://1tv.ge/news-view/43674 16

rom ar miviRoT religiur niadagze seriozuli adgilobrivi konfliqti, rac damRupveli iqneboda, Cven absoliturad sxva gzas vadgaravarT vidre wina xelisufali. Cven ar vaxdenT Zalis demonstrirebas manam, sanam ar aris amowuruli yvela civilizebuli gza. Cven darwmunebulebi varT, rom Zalis demonstireba am SemTxvevaSi ar dagvWirdeba.17 9 noembers paraskevis tradiciuli locva sofel nigvzianSi mSvid garemoSi Catarda. am dRes adgilobrivma qristianebma soflis centrSi, quCis dasawyisSi, sadac muslimTa samlocveli saxli mdebareobs, jvari aRmarTes.18 mas Semdeg samlocvelosTan dakavSirebiT Ria dapirispireba nigvzianSi ar dafiqsirebula.

2.2.3. sofel nigvzianSi dRes arsebuli mdgomareoba 2012 wlis oqtombrisa da noembris TveSi gamovlenili konfliqtis Semdeg, nigvzianis samlocveloSi yovel paraskevs tradiciul locvaze 100-120-mde adgilobrivi muslimi, maT Soris, nigvzianis mezobel soflebSi mcxovrebi mlocvelebi regularulad ikribebian. konfliqtis tramvuli mexsierebisa da konfliqtis Semdeg Temebs Soris Seqmnili gaucxoebis miuxedavad, adgilobrivi muslimi Temi dadebiTad afasebs im faqts, rom mravalwliani Zalisxmevis Semdeg mas nigvzianSi samlocvelos gaxsnis SesaZlebloba mieca. Tumca, kvlevis procesSi adgilobrivi qristiani da muslimi Temebisgan, iseve rogorc adgilobrivi xelisuflebisgan CamorTmeuli axsna-ganmartebebi aCvenebs, rom konfliqtis gadawyvetis mizniT mxareebs Soris miRweuli SeTanxmeba myifea. adgilobrivi qristianebi ukmayofilebas gamoxataven konfliqtis amgvari pirobebiT gadawyvetis gamo da konfliqtis ganaxlebis SesaZleblobas ar gamoricxaven. am mimarTebiT niSandoblivia erT-erTi qristiani adgilobrivi qalbatonis Sefaseba: aq rom situacia Cawynarda da maT miecaT locvis saSualeba, zemodan dagviwyes yureba, gamarjvebulis mzeriT. [...] dRes xalxi gaCerebulia, magram afeTqdeba, moTminebis fiala agvevseba da bolomde miviyvanT Cvens saqmes. lanCxuTis municipalitetis gamgeblis moadgile Tavis gancxadebaSi pirdapir uTiTebs, rom misi azriT, konfliqti dakonservebulia da jer yvelaferi dalagebuli ar aris. konfliqtis gamwvavebis riskebze uTiTebs nigvzianis skolis direqtoric: yvelaferi am doneze unda darCes. Tu raime damatebiT moiTxoves, mgoni gamwvavdeba. minareTi dadgma da a.S daamZimebs viTarebas. aseve, sxvadasxva soflebidan aq
17 new.ge-s mier gamoqveynebuli informacia, 05.11.2012, http://news.ge/ge/news/story/36114-tsulukiani-nigvzianshi-dzalis-demonstireba-ar-dagvchirdeba 18 gurianews-is mier momzadebuli statia, 09.11.2012 http://www.gurianews.com/home/2010-11-25-16-58-05/6473-2012-11-09-14-01-25.html 17

siaruli unda Sewydes. adgilobrivi qristianebis mier gamovlenili agresiis gaTvaliswinebiT, miRweuli SeTanxmebis aramdgradobis SiSi muslim Temsac gaaCnia. erT-erTi muslimi qali kvlevis farglebSi Caweril interviuSi uTiTebs: me vfiqrob, rom magaT axlac ar undaT rom vilocoT. axla male ramadani iwyeba da vnaxoT, ra iqneba. mSvidoba iyo noembris merec SedarebiT, magram xandaxan iseT sityvebs momaZaxebdnen, rom RmerTs madlobas vuxdididi, qmari rom ar maxlda. muslimi Temis ganmartebiT, mxareebs Soris miRweuli SeTanxmebis Semdeg adgilobrivi qristianebis mxridan maT mimarT damamcirebeli mopyrobis SemTxvevebi grZeldeboda. erT-erTi muslimi mlocveli Semdeg faqtebs ixsenebs: [konfliqtis Semdeg] Cemi saxlis axlos erTma zari gaukeTa Svils ezoSi. misi mSoblebi konfliqtSi Zalian aqtiurad iyvnen CarTulebi. [...] Cvenc ramdenjerac gamovivliT, an vmuSaobT yanaSi, axlos gamova xolme da zars rekavs ganuwyvetliv. cdiloben, wyobilebidan gamogviyvanon. [...] erTxel, paraskevis locvis dros, Cvens samlocvelosTan gurulebma musikaluri centriT bolo xmaze CarTes musika. aseve bavSvebs sastvenebi misces da astveninebdnen locvis dros. sakiTxis CaRrmavebuli kvleva aCvenebs, rom yoveldRiuri cxovrebis doneze gaucxoeba Temebs Soris darCa. 25-mde wlis axalgazrda muslimi biWi Tavis axsna-ganmartenaSi uTiTebs: CemTan arafers amboben cuds, magram rogori urTierTobebic mqonda adre Cems qristian megobrebTan, iseTi aRar maqvs. mainc SoriSors davrCiT. gansakuTrebiT rTulia b. kaxaZis ojaxis mdgomareoba, romelsac adgilobrivi qristianebi konfliqtis gamwvavebaze mTel pasuxismgeblobas akisreben. kvlevisTvis micemul interviuSi b. kaxaZis coli yveba: ZiriTadad axla Cawynarda situacia zedapirulad. magram Cems ojaxTan damokidebulebaSi es ar Cans. misalmebazec mogvaZaxeben xolme: Sen arie sofelio, rad minda Seni salami. TiTqosda gangvkveTes. dRes arsebuli gaucxoebis miuxedavad, muslimi Temi, iseve rogorc zogierTi qristiani imedovnebs, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi dapirispireba mogvardeba da qristianebi da muslimebi mSvidobian Tanacxovrebas moaxerxeben.

2.3. mxareTa Sefasebebi konfliqtis mizezebis Taobaze konfliqtis mizezebis Taobaze mxareebis Sefasebebi da xedvebi mraval ferovani da kompleqsuria da farTe konteqstSi maTi ganzogadebis SesaZleb lobas iZleva. mxareebis mtkicebebi da urTierTaRqmebi xSirad iracionaluri da winaaRmdegobrivia, rac Temebs Soris gaucxoebis, konfliqtis Rrma kvalze unda miuTiTebdes. konfliqtis orive mxares interviuerebis teqstebis
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analizi aCvenebs, rom maT Tanacxovrobas miuRebloba, gaucxoeba yovelTvis axasiaTebda, Tumca es damokidebulebebi Ria konfliqtamde latentur xasiaTs atarebda. erT-erTi muslimi Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi yveba: am dapirispirebam garkveulwilad xalxis realuri saxe dagvanaxa. rogor SeiZleba erT dReSi SegZuldes adamiani. ese igi Cven wlebis ganmavlobaSi vZuldiT [...]. erT-erTma maswavlebelmac Tqva, ar msiamovnebdao, amaT gverdiT rom vcxovdobdio. sxva muslimi mlocveli qali Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi ixsenebs: konfliqtamde Cveulebriv vgrZnobdiT Tavs. didi gansxvaveba ar yofila qristiansa da muslims Soris. magram iyo detalebi, romlebic ar moswondaT. magaliTad, Tavze rom gvaxuravs. sxva muslimi qalis SefasebiT: isini wlebis win, roca gvasaxlebdnen, maSinve uaryofiTad iyvnen ganwyobilebi amis mimarT. maT ar undodaT sxvas ecxovra sofelSi. isini ver itanen ucxos. ara marto aWarlebs. zogadad yvelas. Cven kidev ufro. Cven qarTvelebadac ver aRgviqvaven. erTxel miTxres qarTveli ar xaro. TaTari xaro. qvemoT warmodgenilia konfliqtis ganmapirobebeli im ZiriTadi mizezebis aRwera, romelTa identificireba mxareebis damokidebulebebis CaRrmavebuli kvlevis Sedegad moxda.

2.3.1 konfliqtis politikuri konteqstebi kvlevis procesSi sofeli nigvzianis qristiani Temisgan aRebuli interviuebis analizi aCvenebs, rom igi gamovlenil konfliqts sxvadasxva politikuri interesiT ganmartavs. adgilobrivi qristianebi konfliqts ori ZiriTadi politikuri TeoriiT xsnian _ pirveli Teoria arCevnebsa da arCevnebis win samlocvelos gaxsnis Taobaze yofili saxelisuflo partiis mier muslimi TemisTvis gacemul dapirebaze uTiTebs, meore Teoria ki am process saqarTvelos Turqmenizaciis safrTxeebis Suqze xedavs. pirveli Teoriis qveS adgilobrivi qristianebi uTiTebdnen, rom arCevnebis win erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba xmebis miRebis sanacvlod muslim Tems dapirda salocavis gaxsnas.19 am mimarTebiT sainteresoa fragmenti nigvzianis sajaro skolis ekonomikis maswavleblis interviudan: mkvlevari: wina xelisuflebis dros, rwmunebulma goguaZem xom uTxra, rom meCeTs ver aaSenebdnen?

19 info9-s mier gadaRebuli video masala, 02.11.2013, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=BooFrPXeOho ; aseve, info9-s mier gadaRebuli video masala, 07.11.2013. http://info9.ge/?l=G&m=1000&id=8877; mecxre arxis mier momzadebuli siuJeti, 30.10.2013, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=raZG2Wl0M10 19

maswavlebeli: ki, ase iyo, daibara da uTxra, rom meCeTi aq ar aSendeboda. locva Tu undodaT, piradad is gamouyofda marSutkas, riTac wavidodnen baTumSi da ilocebdnen, magram ukve winasaarCevnod nacionalebi mufTTan erTad dadiodnen da muslimebs yuranze aficebinebdnen, rom namdvilad Semoxazavdnen xuT nomers. sxva adgilobrivi qristiani Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi aseve adasturebs am Teorias: es aris politika, ramdenic ar unda vilaparakoT Cven, sanam Semdgomis saprezidento arCevnebi ar mova, yvela amaT dauWers mxars. aRniSnul mosazrebas adgilobrivi qristiani sasuliero pirebic iziareben. sainteresoa dekanozi saba JRentis mier mkvlevarebisTvis micemuli interviu, romelic am TemasTan dakavSirebiT winaaRmdegobrivia. dekanozi: [...] me vuTxari maT, rom avtobusebs davuniSnavdi da benzinsac Cavusxavdi da aWaraSi wasuliyvnen xolme da iq elocaT. guriaSi arasdros ar yofila meCeTi da ra undoda aq meCeTs. maT uari Tqves aWaraSi salocavad siarulze. maSindeli mTavroba xels gviwyobda. maT Soris am ideazec. axlandeli mTavroba ar gviwyobs xels Torem. arCevnebis mogeba undodaT da aman daZaba yvelaferi. [...] arCevnebis win nacebi dapirdnen magaT meCeTs da molas Camoyvanas. es SeTanxmebebi Cumad xdeboda. Cven gareSe. naxeT, ramxela samlocvelo gaakeTes. mkvlevari: aki Cven gvexmareboda wina mTavrobao? dekanozi: viTom... mere axali mTavroba exmarebodaT. erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis mier konfliqtis ganzrax provocirebis Teorias umravlesobis warmomadgenlebic, maT Soris, eka beselia20 da murman dumbaZe21 iziarebdnen. aRsaniSnavia, rom es Teoria ukve mogvianebiT, kvlevis procesSi (2013 wlis ivnisi, ivlisi) ufro naklebad dominirebs da gamokiTxuli pirebis ufro didi umravlesoba konfliqtis gaazrebisTvis Turqmenizaciis Teorias iyenebs. am Teoriis mixedviT, adgilobrivi qristianebi interviuebSi uTiTeben, rom salocavis gaxsna TurqeTma daafinansa da es Turqmenizaciis procesis gamovlinebaa. erT-erTi adgilobrivi qristianis SefasebiT, samlocvelos aSeneba guriaSi, romelic qarTuli teritoriaa, `aris TurqeTis saxelmwifos imperiuli politika, gaavrcelos islami saqarTvelos sxvadasxva soflebSi. igives imeorebs sxva adgilobrivi qristiani sakuTar axsna-ganmartebaSi: Turqebs undaT, rom yvela raionSi da sofelSi Caidgas meCeTi, magram es ar gamova, Cven amas ar SeveguebiT. netgazeTis mier Caweril interviuSi
20 mecxre arxis mier momzadebuli siuJeti, 02.11.2013, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=aDSttvVcvi4 21 for.ge-s mier momzadebuli statia, 06.11.2013, http://www.for.ge/view.php?for_id=18341&cat=3 20

adgilobrivi qristiani, goCa CxartiSvili, uTiTebs: [...] 25 welia aq cxovroben da axla moundaT meCeTi? eg ar moxdeba. Tu Cems sarwmunoebas dasWirda, yelsac gamovWri viRacas. Turqs avarevino da Sevacvlevino Cemi soflis istoria, ar iqneba.22 aRniSnuli Teoriis Sesabamisad adgilobrivi qristianebi amtkiceben, rom samlocvelo ucnobma Turqma biznesmenma Seisyida. maT aRqmaSi es Turqmenizaciis process ukavSirdeba da eqspansiis SiSs warmoSobs. magaliTad, nigvzianis sajaro skolis direqtori uTiTebs: eseni TurqeTSi dadian da iq raRac moxda. raRac jiSis Sesawiri aqvT amaT da viRac Turqi biznesmeni afinansebs, romelsac ra daintereseba aqvs, aravin icis. es yvelaferi gavs gaTurqebis mcdelobas. adgilobrivi muslimebi uaryofen am Sefasebebs da uTiTeben, rom salocavis funqcionirebisTvis saWiro ZiriTadi Tanxa maT SemowirulobebiT nel-nela Seagroves. erT-erTi muslimi kaci (45 wlamde), romelic uSualod monawileobda samlocvelos SeZenis procesSi ixsenebs am procesis detalebs: `am salocavis Turqebis mier dafinanseba arasworia. sxvagvari ambavi iyo. erT megobar Turqs undoda saTburebis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi. me mTxova daxmareba. Cvens sofelSi iyideboda oTar wilosanis ojaxi. man is iyida. Semdeg aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi wavida, marneulisken, da iqac iyida miwebi. is dagvikavSirda Semdeg da Tqva, rom veRar mouvlida nigvzianSi nayid miwas (saxliTurT). man is gadasca samufTo sammarTvelos. Semdeg, erTma pirovnebam, avTandil winwkalaZem 10 000 dolari gadasca samufTos saCuqrad am saxlisTvis. es saxli amJamad avTandil winwkalaZezea gaformebuli. es iyo is ambavi, romelic sxvanairad gaigo xalxma. muslimi mrevli samlocvelos SeZenasTan dakavSirebuli araswori Sefasebebis da SiSebis gamomwvev mizezad saxelmwifos mier religiuri umciresobebis dafinansebis politikis ar arsebobas miiCnevs. erT-erTi muslimi mlocveli yveba: mTavroba aucileblad unda afinansebdes sxva religiur jgufebsac. am saxelmwifoSi macxovrebels xom Semoaqvs biujetSi fuli. am xalxiT arsebobs saxelmwifo. ratom ar unda finansdebodnen sxvebi? yvela unda finansdebodes. kvlevis farglebSi misgan aRebul axsna-ganmartebaSi dafinansebis saWiroebas usvams xazs saqarTvelos mufTi jemal paqsaZec: muslimTa sammarTvelo 20 welia biujetidan viTxovT dafinansebas. miviReT ssip-is statusi da SesaZlebelia, moxdes saxelmwifos mxridan dafinanseba. dRes, dafinansebas qarTvel mowmuneTagan viRebT, rac Zalian mwiria. muslimi Temi uaryofs samlocvelos gaxsnaze yofili xelisuflebis an TurqeTis gavlenis Teoriebs da uTiTebs, rom isini mxolod sakuTari uflebebisa da RirsebisTvis ibrZvian. muslimi Temi miiCnevs, rom samlocvelos gaxsna nigvzianSi muslimi Temis integraciisa da misi socialuri da samoqalaqo evuluciis Sedegia. muslimebi miiCneven, rom maT, rogorc soflis mosaxleobis
22 netgazeTis mier momzadebuli statia da video masala 01.11.2013, http://www.netgazeti. ge/GE/105/News/14303/ 21

mniSvenlovan nawils, ufleba aqvT hqondeT sakuTari samlocvelo sofelSi. 50 wlamde asakis muslimi mlocveli Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi ixsenebs: es ojaxebi 25 wlis win Camosaxldnen. maSin sxva safiqrali iyo. cotani iyvnen. axla mrevli momravlda. axla 900-mde amomrCevelia aWareli. Tavisuflebac gaacnobiera xalxma da undaT samlocvelo. [...] adamianis uflebis dacva zustad magaSi gamoixateba. axalCamosaxlebuli xalxi aq Tavis gatanas da gadarCenas vcdilobdiT jer. axla Svilebi gamovkvebeT da movZlierdiT ekonomikurad. igive midgomas iziarebs adgilobrivi xoja, b. kaxaZe: Tavidan, roca yvela Camovida ekomigrantad aq [nigvzianSi], aravin fiqrobda samlocvelos gaxsnaze. yoveldRiurad sxvadasxva socialuri problemebi gvqonda. gviWirda materialurad. ucxo iyo garemo. dRes me vfiqrob, rom es CvenTvis da Cveni SvilebisTvis saWiroa. me minda, mqondes erTi patara samlocvelo da es danaSauli ar aris. rogorc adgilobrivi muslimebisgan aRebuli axsna-ganmartebebis analizi aCvenebs, oqtombris arCevnebi, manamde ki religiuri organizaciebisTvis sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirad daregistrirebis samarTlebrivi SesaZleblobis miniWeba, maTTvis relgiuri umciresobebisTvis meti TavisuflebiT sargeblobis Sansad aRiqmeba. erT-erTi muslimi mlocvelis ganmartebiT: religiuri kavSirebis sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirad gaxdomis Semdeg imedi mogveca, rom SesaZlebli iqneboda jgufuri locvis Catareba. Tavis interviuSi igives adasturebs 50 wlamde asakis muslimi mlocveli: aqamde ar hqondaT muslimebs es moTxovnebi. albaT, aqamde eSinodaT kidevac. axla gaacnobieres nel-nela TavianTi uflebebi. xalxma meti demokratia igrZno. arCevnebamdec seriozuli Zvra iyo sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirad gadakeTebis da iuridiuli statusis gaTanabrebis mxriv. sakuTari uflebebisTvis brZolas muslimi Temi precedentulad aRiqvams da fiqrobs, rom samlocvelos moTxovniT maT Seqmnes magaliTi da sxvebs gauadviles sakuTari uflebebisTvis brZola. muslimi Temis warmomadgenlebis interviuebis diskurs-analizi aCvenebs, rom maT Tavadac aqvT TurqeTis, rogorc mtris aRqma, radikalurad emijnebian mas da xSirad TurqmoZule damokidebulebasac avlenen. 50 wlamde asakis muslimi kaci acxadebs: baTumSi saWiroa axali meCeTi. fizikurad aRar eteva xalxi, magram Turqis aSenebuli namdvilad ar minda. me ar minda vinmes eqspansiis qveS viyo. me mirCevnia Cemi jibidan aSendes. saxelmwifom aaSenos. aseT SemTxvevaSi me ubednieresi viqnebi. axla Turqebi baTumSi boginoben. es Zalian saSiSia. sxva muslimi igive damokidebulebas avlens: baTumi Turquli qalaqi gaxda. es saSiSia. mTavrobam keTili unda inebos da ar misces ufleba Turqebs yvelafris Sesyidvis. ki batono, muslimia is Turqic, magram es Cemi samSobloa da me misi qceva ar momwons. is Cems miwas marTmevs. saxelmwifos SeuZlia arendiT _ garkveuli vadiT misces yvelaferi da ara uvadodoT, sakuTrebiT.

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2.3.2. adgilobriv sajaro politikaSi muslimi Temis CarTulobis problema da SesaZlo diskriminaciuli midgomebi maT mimarT adgilobrivi muslimebi Tavis axsna-ganmartebebSi uTiTeben, rom sofel nigvzianSi arsebul sajaro samsaxurebSi aWareli muslimebi saerTod ar arian dasaqmebulebi, rac maTi aRqmiT, gansxvavebuli religiuri kuTvnilebiT unda aixsnas. aWareli muslimi qali yveba: erTi aWareli ar aris dasaqmebuli aq. darajadac ki aravin eZaxis aWarels. Cven gviTxres kidev, rom Cven mxolod arCevnebSi xmis micemis ufleba gvqonda. me mimaCnia, rom es gamiznulad xdeba. igives imeoreben sxva muslimebic: erTi aWareli ar aris sofelSi, romelic sadme muSaobs, gamgeobaSi, skolaSi an sadme. (muslimi mamakaci) aWarel pedagogs aravin daawyebinebs samsaxurs aq, skolaSi. arc axalgazrdas. damlagebladac da darajadac ki ar amuSaveben aWarlebs (sxva muslimi mamakaci). adgilobrivi muslimebis ganmartebiT, adgilobrivi xelisufleba maT saWiroebebs saTanadod ar iTvaliswinebs. konfliqtis Semdeg ki maT mimarT diskriminaciuli midgomis zrdaze uTiTeben. adgilobrivi muslimebi yvebian: axla wyalze gadmoiricxa fuli soflisTvis. sofelSi ar arsebobs wyalmomarageba. soflis rwmunebuls da qristianebs undaT, rom es fuli sul sxva rameze daixarjos. undaT, rom im mSenebare eklesiis mimdebare teritoriaze parkingis adgili gaakeTon. Cven ar varT imis winaaRmdegi, rom es gaakeTon, magram es ar unda xdebodes wylis xarjze (muslimi qali, 50 wlamde). magaliTad, wyali gvqonda eklesiis mxaridan gadmoyvanili [saubaria ramdenime aWarel ojaxze]. am meCeTis ambavTan dakavSirebiT wyali gagviTiSes. soflis centrSi jvaria dasmuli da wyaro gakeTebuli. iqidan gadmogvqonda mere. mere iqac adgnen da vintili moxsnes. ase gviTxres, Tqven ar gekuTvniT es wyalio (muslimi biWi, 25 wlamde). rogorc muslimi Temi uTiTebs, maTTvis problemas warmoadgens sofelSi muslimuri tradiciiT mowyobili sasaflaos ar arsebobis sakiTxic: sasaflaoebi Cven ar gvaqvs. Tumca, adgili gamoyofilia. 2 Tve vimuSaveT, amovZirkveT buCqebi. konfliqtis Semdeg dagvemuqrnen, rom Tu daasaflavebT iq vinmes, amovTxriT da Rorebs davugdebT saWmelado. es adgili Cven TviTon viyideT aWarlebma (muslimi biWi, 25 wlamde). adgilobrivi xoja, arCil kaxaZe Tavis interviuSi aseve mianiSnebs adgi lob riv politikaSi muslimi Temis interesebis gaziarebis dabal xarisxze: soflis yrilobebze/krebebze ar davdivar. imitom ki ara, rom Cems sofelze guli ar Semtkiva, an rame ar minda, rom gakeTdes, ubrlod imitom, rom iq Cvens azrs mniSvneloba ar aqvs. kreba roca mowveulia rame sakiTxze, is saqme ukve gadawyvetilia xolme. igive ambavia wylisa da staiankis SemTxvevaSi.
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2.3.3. prozelitizmis problema nigvzianis sajaro skolaSi kvlevis farglebSi muslimi Temis warmomadgenlebisgan, iseve, rogorc nigvzianis sajaro skolis maswavleblebisgan aRebuli interviuebi aCvenebs, rom prozelitizmisa da indoqtrinaciis problema nigvzianis skolaSi sakmaod mwvaved dgas. adgilobrivi muslimebi uTiTeben, rom skolaSi aWareli muslimi moswavleebis indoqtrinacia damkvidrebul praqtikas warmoadgenda da miuTiTeben indoqtrinaciisa da muslimi moswavleebis mimarT savaraudo diskriminaciuli mopyrobis ara erT SemTxvevas, maT Soris, skolaSi koleqtiuri locvis praqtikas, religiisa da istoriis sagnebis arasaTanado swavlebas: momavali Taobis 70% aWarelia. maswavleblebi uSualod muSaoben [...] maT gaqristianebaze. [...] iyo SemTxvevebi, roca dilas `mamao Cvenos Tu ar CaikiTxavdnen da sanTels ar daanTebdnen, ise gakveTils ar gamokiTxavdnen bavSvs (adgilobrivi xojas, b. kaxaZis meuRle). skolaSi gamoarCeven aWarel da gurul bavSvs erTmaneTisgan. gurulebi dascinian xolme aWarlebs aqcentis gamo. aseve, yovel dilas maswavleblebi bavSvebs aiZulebdnen pirjvris gadaweras. maT Soris muslimebs. [...] zogierTi bavSvi (muslimi) principulad ar loculobda. Semdeg xdeboda bavSvebSic garCevebi, Tu ratom ar loculobdnen qristianulad. (muslimi mlocveli qali). skolaSi moxda erTi incidenti. musikis maswavlebeli Sevida gakveTilze da wamoiwyo saqarTvelos damyroblebze laparaki. Camoitana istoriis kabinetidan ruka da uTxra bavSvebs: bavSvebo, rom dadixarT da iq loculobTo [igulisxmeba muslimuri samlocvelo] axla gagarkvevT, Tqven realurad vin xarTo. bavSvebs anaxa rukaze saidan Semovidnen Turqebi dasapyrobad da uTxra, rom aWarlebis mamebi yvelani daxoces Turqebma da dedebi ki gaaupatiureso. Tqven kidev bavSvebo amaTi nabiWvrebi xarTo. rodesac es ambavi gaiges mSoblebma pasuxi mosTxoves maswavlebels, man kategoriulad uaryo es faqti (adgilobrivi xojas, b. kaxaZis meuRle). konfliqtis Semdeg, erTxel wvimiani dRe iyo. bavSvebi skolaSi valinkebiT gavuSvi. skolaSi fizkulturis maswavlebelma gamoarCia 6 aWareli bavSvi da dasaja im motiviT, rom maT sportuli fexsacmelebi ar ecvaT. miuxedavad imisa, rom sxvebi [igulisxmebian gurulebi] iyvnen, romlebsac agreTve ar ecvaT sportuli fexsacmeli, man mxolod aWarlebi dasaja da WuWyiani tiloebi arecxina (muslimi mlocveli kaci). muslimebis ganmartebiT, konfliqtis Semdeg am faqtebze reagireba daiwyes da amJamad skolac amgvari darRvevebisgan Tavs ikavebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom kvlevis farglebSi aRebul interviuebSi skolis direqtorma da maswavleblebma indoqtrinaciisa da SesaZlo diskrimina
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ciuli mopyrobis zemoT miTiTebuli faqtebi uaryves, maT axsna-ganmartebebSi ikveTeba midgomebi, romelic mianiSnebs maT mier sekularizmisa da reli giuri neitra litetis principebis darRvevis maRal albaTobas. am mimarTebiT sainte resoa kvlevis procesSi musikis maswavlebelTan Cawerili dialogi: maswavlebeli: gakveTilze iyo locvebi da bavSvebi loculobdnen qristianulad? mkvlevari: amaze muslimebs ar gasCeniaT protesti? maswavlebeli: ara, arcerTs ar gasCenia. erTaderTi badri kaxaZis Svili iyo, romelic ar loculobda. locva `mamao Cveno TiTqmis identuria, qristianebisTvis da muslimebisTvis. gakveTilze vyvebodi `iavnanas did mniSvnelobaze, `goCa da xviCaze, romlebic TurqeTis bazarSi gayides. es xom istoriuli faqtebia, amaze ar unda melaparaka? mkvlevari: unda gasCenodaT Tu ara protesti qristianul locvaze? maswavlebeli: ar unda gasCenodaT, vinaidan, es bavSvebi mSoblebma Seacdines Tavis droze. mkvlevari: skolis direqtorma gviTxra, rom daibara skolis maswavleblebi da mosTxova religiuri ritualebis Sewyveta gakveTilze. marTla ase iyo? maswavlebeli: bavSvebs aravin aZalebs, unda ilocon, unda ara. erT-erTma moswavlem Tqva, rom mamaCemi momklavs, ro vilocoo. razec gagvecina, rogor SeiZleba, bavSvs rame uTxra erT strofian `mamao Cvenos wakiTxvaze. aqedan Cans, ra doneze arian, amitomac istoria da geografia kargi saSualebaa maTi aRzrdisTvis, raTa dainaxon WeSmariteba. me arc erT moswavles ar vansxvaveb, yvela erTnairad miyvars, magram me Cemi principebi maqvs, romlis erTgulic davrCebi. konfliqtis Taobaze maswavleblebisgan aRebuli interviuebi aseve xSirad Seicavs qsenofobiur, islamofobiur midrekilebebs, rac swavlebis procesSi religiuri neitralitetisa da tolerantobis moTxovnis darRvevis riskebze miuTiTebs (ix. qvemoT qveTavi 2.3.4). skolis administraciis arasaTanado midgomis gamo, 2012 wlis 2 noembers samlocvelos garSemo mimdinare dapirispirebaSi monawileoba skolis moswavleebma, maT Soris, aWarel muslimTa Svilebmac miiRes, rac muslimi TemisTvis gansakuTrebiT mtkivneuli faqti aRmoCnda. moswavleebi Sekrebaze skandirebdnen, rom erTad dgoma surdaT da ar undodaT meCeTi sofelSi. erTerTi muslimi mlocveli Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi ixsenebs: rodesac davinaxe, rom Cemi Svilebi Cems winaaRmdeg aqciaze miiyvanes, Zalian ganvicade. ar vicodi, ra meqna. gavocdi da Semrcxva. Cveni yvelas [igulisxmebian muslimebi] Svilebi miiyvanes. skolis direqciisa da maswavleblebis ganmartebiT, moswavleebi
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Tavisi nebiT mividnen dapirispirebis adgilas da maT ver SeZles bavSvebis Sekaveba, am aqciiT ki maT Temebs Soris erTobis daadastureba surdaT.

2.3.4. aWareli muslimebis identoba da maTi indoqtrinaciis procesi sofel nigvzianSi sofel nigvzianSi SeimCneva aWareli muslimebis indoqtrinaciisa da damkvidrebuli socialuri normebisa Tu konformulobis ZaliT qristianuli sarwmunoebis miRebis tendencia. am tendencias yvelaze mZlavrad ganapirobebs is miuRebloba, romelsac rogorc adgilobrivi qristiani Temi, aseve qristiani sasuliero pirebi avlenen aWareli/qarTveli muslimebis mimarT. kvlevis procesSi Caweril interviuSi nigvzianis sajaro skolis musikis maswavlebeli yveba: `axla amboben, rom qarTveli muslimebi varTo, msgavsi ram me ar gamigia arsad. me ar minda eseni, me var qristiani da maT meCeTs ar davadgmevineb. igive midgomas aCvenebs amave skolis istoriis maswavlebeli: qristianul miwaze rodesme idga meCeTi? istoria xo wagikiTxavT, istoriaSi yofila msgavsi SemTxveva, Tu maincdamainc axla moundaT meCeTis ageba? axla amboben, rom qarTveli muslimebi varTo, msgavsi ram me ar gamigia arsad. sainteresoa erT-erTi qristiani qalbatonis pasuxi mkvlevaris SekiTxvaze, Tu rogori damokidebuleba eqneboda mas aWarlebi kaTolikeebi rom yofiliyvnen: ara, aranairi prolema. kaTolikur eklesiaSi ramdenjer vyofilvar. isini qristianebi arian, amaT qristianuli araferi aqvT. aWareli muslimebis mimarT gaucxoebisa da maTi religiuri identobis diskreditacias xels unda uwyobdes adgilobrivi sasuliero pirebis qadagebebi. kvlevis farglebSi adgilobrivi dekanozi saba JRentisgan aRebuli interviu am mimarTebiT saintereso Sinaarss Seicavs. mere jvari avRmarTeT maTTan [igulisxmeba muslimuri samlocvelo]. es qristianulia. aba, ra unda meqna?! es aris eSmakis bude. aba, marTlmadideblobis iqeT yvelaferi eSmakisaa. amitom avdeqi da jvari davase Sua centrSi. mis saxlSi ki ar damisvia. misi intervius sxva nawilSi sasuliero piri muslimebis qristian rjulze dabrunebis aucileblobaze saubrobs: `[...] patara xanSi aq minareTi gveqneba. gvinda aq molas kivili? istoria xom gaqvs wanakiTxi. TbilisSi erTxel qarTvelma kacma amoiRo Tofi da xia SublSi molas da gadmoagdo pirdapir minareTidan. asea es. exla kia meCeTi TbilisSi, magram es guriaa da ara Tbilisi. Turqebi Semodian vai-qarTvelebis damsaxurebiT. Cven Cvens Tavs aRar vekuTvniT. awi moeqces qristianobaze [igulisxmebian aWareli muslimebi]. da qristiani gaxdes. ukeTesi ar iqneba?! xuloSi ager gasul kviras 8 000 kaci moinaTla. ra gvaqvs Cven gasayofi. sasuliero pirebis mier islamofoburi qadagebis kvali adgilobrivi qristianebis azrovnebasa da qcevaze axdens gavlenas. ekonomikis maswavlebeli
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Tavis axsna-ganmatebaSi uTiTebs: mamaom gviTxra, rom magaTi saWmeli nakerpalia da ar WamoTo. rogorc Cven vixdiT panaSvidebs, isinic xom loculoben, oRond eSmakis saxelze da mamaom gviTxra, magaT saWmels nuRar SeWamTo. adgilobrivi qristianebisa da eklesiis amgvar midgomas grZnobs muslimi Temi da misTvis es mtkivneuli procesia. adgilobrivi xojas meuRle Tavis interviuSi yveba: CemTvis Zalian Seuracxmyofelia, roca TaTarTan akeTeben Cems identificirebas qristianebi. es problema mxolod nigvzianSi araa. es ganwyobaa zogadad aWarlebis mimarT. saba JRentma, magaliTad, pirdapir gamogvicxada, Tqven qarTvelebi ar xarTo. [...] Cven sul gveubnebian, rom aucilebelia gavqristiandeT. amboben, rom Cveni winaprebi Tu qristianebi iyvnen, Cvenc aucileblad qristianebi unda viyoT. netgazeTisTvis micemul interviuSi nigvzianSi mcxovrebi muslimi meri iakobaZe acxadebs: aWarlobis gamo mTeli cxovreba Seuracxyofilad vgrZnob Tavs. [...] waeTrieT Tqvens aWaraSio, gveubnebian [...] sul Cemi aWarlobis ratom unda mrcxvenodes?!23 sainteresoa sxva muslimi qalbatonis Sefasebac: Cveni miwaa, Cveni ubania, ise gvamadlian am miwas, TiTqos samowyalod vcxovrobdeT.24 aWareli Temis religiuri identoba adgilobrivi qristianebisTvis maTi samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis SezRudvis safuZvlad ganixileba. adgilobrivi xojas meuRle Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi ixsenebs: samezoblos erT-erT Sekrebaze erTma gamogvicxada, rom islami misTvis mtris xats warmoadgenda. man aseve gviTxra, rom rasac qristianebi gadawyvetdnen, Cven unda davmorCilebuliyaviT da Cven Tavisuflad SegveZlo mxolod arCevnebSi xma migveca vinmesTvis. netgazeTisTvis micemul interviuSi qristianuli wesiT monaTluli aWareli nodar Rlonti acxadebs: `konfliqti mxolod im SemTxvevaSi mogvardeba, Tuki sajaro samlocvelo gauqmdeba da muslimebi mxolod TavianT saxlebSi Cumad iloceben. xalxi wyvets am sakiTxs. xalxia Zala. Tavi daanebon erTad Tavis moyras da morCeba konfliqti. adgilobrivi qristiani Temi Tavis SefasebebSi sofelSi politikuri dominirebis dakargvis SiSsac gamoxatavs da sakuTari, rogorc umravlesobis, dominanti jgufis gadarCenaze fiqrobs. adgilobrivi sasuliero piri, saba JRenti uTiTebs: Tu sofelSi arCevnebi wavida eseni kandidats wamoayeneben Tavisas da moigebs is. eseni xom umravlesobaa. umravlesobisa da umciresobebis mimarTebas sasuliero piri sxva aspeqtiTac xedavs: xom iTvleba, rom eseni umciresobebi arian, magram ase araa. axlandeli mdgomareobiT isini metni arian [igulisxmeba muslimi aWarlebi]. Cven, ubralod, vinuJdeni vTqviT, rom umciresoba iyo aWarloba. rom gveTqva, rom egeni umravlesobaa, ki
23 netgazeTis mier momzadebuli statia da video masala, 01.11.2013, http://netgazeti.ge/GE/105/News/14303/ 24 netgazeTis mier momzadebuli statia da video masala, 01.11.2013, http://netgazeti.ge/GE/105/News/14303/ 27

gvetyodnen maSin ki ekuTvniT meCeTi da ratom uSliT xelso. amitomac vTqviT, rom umciresobaa. hoda, Tu umciresobaao _ maTi dacva daiwyes. Cven gamouvali mdgomareoba gvqonda. dominanti jgufis am SiSebs muslimi Temic afiqsirebs: zogma Tqva, rom CvenTvis yvela gziT unda SeeSalaT xeli. maTi azriT, Tu es patara samlocvelo gaixsneboda, Semdeg Cven yvela SukaSi moviTxovdiT meCeTis gaxsnas.

2.3.5. socialuri kontrastebis gamo Temebs Soris gaucxoebis tendencia adgilobrivi muslimebis ganmartebiT, maT mimarT qristiani marTl madidebeli Temis gaucxoebas maT Soris socialuri da ekonomikuri kontrastebi ganapirobebs. muslimebis dakvirvebiT, nigvzianSi Camosvlis Semdeg maT sakuTari SromiT SeZles ekonomikuri gaZliereba da keTildReobis miRweva, rac gurul TemSi mudmivad gaRizianebas iwvevda. erT-erTi muslimi qalbatoni ganmartavs: Cven mSromeli xalxi varT. dRedaRam vSromobT. ageni amas ver uZleben. erTxel konfliqtisas gviTxres kidec, Cvenze kargad rom cxovrobT, es ar mogvwonso. sxva muslimi kaci igives imeorebs: gurulebi SuriTac gviyureben. isini amboben, rom sadac dainaxavdnen karg cxens, karg manqanas, karg traqtors yvelaferi aWarelisaao. isini ukmayofiloebi arian amiT. Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi amgvar gansxvavebas nigvzianis skolis direqtoric adasturebs: es xalxi, muslimebi, maTi mkacri mdgomareobis gamo maRalmTian aWaraSi Zalian bevrs Sromobdnen. [...]Zalian bevrs muSaoben, miwas erT mtkavelasac ar acdenen. gurulebi, zarmacebi arian. [...] aWareli muslimebis Svilebi, diliT adre adgebian ToxiT da Semdeg modian skolaSi. mSoblebs Zalian udganan gverdSi.

2.4. konfliqtis mxareTa Sefasebebi konfliqtis daregulirebis procesSi ZiriTadi aqtorebis mier Sesrulebuli rolis Sesaxeb sofel nigvzianSi konfliqtis mSvidobiani da samarTliani gadawyvetis mizniT centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis, eklesiis, sruliad saqarTvelos muslimTa sammarTvelos (SemdgomSi samufTo sammarTvelo), saxalxo damcvelis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da mediis mier Sesru lebuli rolis Taobaze konfliqtis mxareTa Sefasebebi sxvadasxvaa, rac cxadia, konfliqtSi maTi gansxvavebuli adgiliT, poziciiT aixsneba.

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2.4.1. sofeli nigvzianis muslimi Temis Sefasebebi muslimi Temi dadebiTad afasebs centraluri xelisuflebis mier konfliqtis gadawyvetis mizniT Sesrulebul rols. isini gansakuTrebiT gamoyofen konfliqtis daregulirebis procesSi eka beselias mier Sesrulebul pozitiur rols. adgilobrivi xoja, giorgi ximSiaSvili, acxadebs: eka beseliam mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula. Camovida da uTxra xalxs. ager eklesia da ager meCeTio. visac gindaT, eklesiaSi SediT, visac gindaT _ meCeTSio. identuria sxva muslimis Sefasebac: Cven eka beseliam gviSvela. Cven Zalian madloblebi varT misi. man daaSoSmina xalxi. man dagvibara xalxi parlamentSi. Cven wavediT. qristianebi ar wamovidnen. Cven mogvces locvis ufleba. amis Semdeg SedarebiT dalagda yvelaferi. muslimebs miaCniaT, rom axali xelisuflebis pirobebSi maT pirvelad miecaT salocavis gaxsnis SesaZlebloba, rac wina xelisuflebis pirobebSi SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. muslimi qali yveba: am mTavrobis pirobebSi bevrad ufro progresisken mivdivarT, vidre winas dros. adre gviSlidnen locvas. centraluri mTavrobis rols dadebiTad afasebs sruliad saqarTvelos mufTi jemal paqsaZec. aRniSnulis sawinaRmdegod, muslimi Temi miiCnevs, rom adgilobrivma xelisuflebam uaryofiTi rolis Seasrula konfliqtSi da araferi gaakeTa mis gadasawyvetad. erT-erTi muslimi mlocveli uTiTebs: adgilobrivi xelisufleba piriqiT aqezebda xalxs Cvens winaaRmdeg. konfliqtis saTaveebi adgilobrivi xelisuflebisgan modioda. am mimarTebiT amomwurav Sefasebas adgilobrivi xoja b. kaxaZe akeTebs: Cven verafers gavxdebodiT, mTavroba rom ar Careuliyo. adgilobrivi rwmunebulic cdilobda raRaceebs da kargad iqceoda. magram wuxda, rom veraferi Seasmina gurulebs. irakli gujabiZec verafers gaxdeboda, rac ar unda moendomebina. uZluri iyo am SemTxvevaSi. man erTxel gviTxra, rom xalxi mzad ar iyo Cveni nabijisTvis. marTali iyo. raionis gamgebelma araferi gaakeTa. arc mondomeba iyo. is am ambavs ewinaaRmdegeboda. adgilobrivi muslimebis SefasebiT konfliqtis dros policia pasiur rols TamaSobda, ar aRkveTa gamovlenili samarTaldarRvevebi da mxolod damkvirveblis funqcias asrulebda. erT-erTi muslimi qali ixsenebs: policia umoqmedoa. ramdenjerac moxda incidenti, imdenjer movidnen da araferi gaukeTebiaT. mxolod idgnen da seirs uyurebdnen, Cvens kacebs rogor ayenebdnen Seuracxyofas. muslimebis SefasebiT, mxolod konfliqtis politikur doneze gadawyvetis Semdeg daiwyo policiam sakuTari movaleobis Sesruleba. erT-erTi muslimi qali yveba: konfliqtis Semdeg yoveldRiurad akeTebda policia patrulirebas. manamde araferi gaukeTebia. mere rom gadawyda saqme parlamentSi, mere moaxdines reagireba. igives adasturebs gamokiTxuli muslimi kaci: policiamac daiwyo Cveni dacva. manamde ki mufTic ki ar SemouSva samlocveloSi xalxma. am dros ki policia saerTod ar Careula da gverdidan uyurebda seirs.

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muslimi Temi konfliqtis aqtualizaciisa da gadawyvetis procesSi iwonebs saxalxo damcvelis ofisis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da mediis rols da mxardaWerisTvis maT mimarT madlierebas gamoxatavs. Tumca, am mimarTebiT xazgasasmelia saqarTvelos mufTis jemal paqsaZis Sefaseba, sadac is mediaSi islamofoburi mosazrebebis gavrcelebis zianze uTiTebs: faqtiurad xels uwyoben islamofobiis damkvidrebas. xSirad arsebobs gadaumowmebeli informaciebis gaSuqeba da a.S.. xSirad, mediis mier xdeba muslimebis identificireba TurqebTan. islami, arabeTis naxevarkunZulidan warmoiSva, rogorc qristianoba ierusalimidan da es ar aris romelime qveynis religia, es zenacionaluri religiebia. adgilobrivi muslimebi miCneven, rom sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos patriarqma (SemdgomSi patriarqi) dadebiTi roli Seasrula konfliqtis gadawyvetaSi. Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi saqarTvelos mufTi, jemal paqsaZe uTiTebs: patriarqis roli Zalian didia, me mas Zalian did pativs vcem da did madlobas vuxdi am problebis mogvarebaSi gadadgmuli nabijisTvis. man mkacrad ganucxada Sexvedraze myof meufeebs, rom es iyo samarcxvino qmedeba da muslimebs locvis saSualeba unda miscemoda. patriarqis rolis pozitiuri Sefasebis miuxedavad, muslimi Temi miiCnevs, rom adgilobrivma sasuliero pirebma, gansakuTrebiT ki dekanozma saba JRentma, konfliqtis waxalisebasa da gamwvavebas Seuwyo xeli. adgilobrivi xojas, b. kaxaZis TqmiT, pirvel noembers konfliqtis mimdinareobis dros dekanozi saba JRenti 20-mde adgilobriv qristianebTan erTad mivida mis saxlTan da locvis Sewyvetisken mouwoda. b. kaxaZe ixsenebs: [...] isini agresiulebi iyvnen. me maT damSvidebas Sevecade. maT miTxres, wadi da Sens fereidanSi iloceo. mas Cemi damcireba surda. me mas vuTxari, rom yvelani Tanasworebi varT-Tqo. aseve is, rom anaforis Cacmis Semdeg igi RmerTis msaxuri iyo da bevri moeTxoveboda. man amis Semdeg me satana meZaxa. aseve Cemi rwmena Seuracxyo da gamoacxada yurani da muslimanoba rogorc satanisturi mimdinareoba. amasobaSi misi mxleblebi me da Cems ojaxs aginebdnen da TaTrebs gveZaxdnen. isini mogviwodebdnen, dagvetovebina saxl-kari da gadavsaxlebuliyaviT. sxva muslimi adgilobrivi qristiani sasuliero pirebis Sesaxeb Semdegs acxadebs: imasac vfiqrob, adgilobrivi eklesiis warmomadgenlebi xom ar buntavdnen xalxs. maT Soris mama saba JRentic. mas rom moewodebina mSvidobisken, albaT is rac moxda, aRar moxdeboda. me vfiqrob, man pirdapir ubiZga kidec xalxs amisken. nuTu centralurma eklesiam ar icoda amis Sesaxeb an ar unda scodnoda?!

2.4.2. sofeli nigvzianis marTlmadidebeli Temis Sefasebebi adgilobrivi qristianebi ukmayofilebas gamoxataven im faqti gamo, rom maTi winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, muslimebs samlocvelos gaxsnisa da sajaro locvis SesaZlebloba miecaT. maTi SefasebiT, centraluri xelisuflebis
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mxridan muslimebis mxardaWera ar iyo swori gadawyvetileba. erT-erTi qristiani qalbatoni acxadebs: aranairi ukeTesi mTavroba ar movida, wina mTavrobac da esec efereba muslimebs. qristiani Temis SefasebiT, xelisuflebas ubralod sxva gza ar hqonda, garda imisa, rom muslimebisTvis salocavis funqcionirebis nebarTva daerTo. am mimarTebiT, sainteresoa erTi epizodi sajaro skolis ekonomikis maswavlebelTan Cawerili interviudan: mkvlevari: qarTuli ocneba, rom movida xelisuflebaSi, ra Seicvala? maswavlebeli: araferi, qarTuli ocnebas ra unda gaekeTebina? mediam da arasamTavrobo organizaciebma moaxdines am Temis amoweva, Torem es Tema swrafad mogvardeboda, CveniT davaregulirebdiT, ar sWirdeboda amas aravis Careva. konfliqtis mimdinareobis dros adgilobrivi qristianebi miuTiTebdnen, rom salocavis mSeneblobis sakiTxi umravlesobis nebis sasargeblod unda gadawyvetiliyo da mas win xelisufleba da eklesia ver aRudgeboda. adgilobrivi qristiani qali, romlisTvisac miuRebeli iyo samlocvelos mSenebloba uTiTebs: [...] gamosavals vxedav imaSi, rom meCeTi ar unda aSendes. konstitucia da uflebebi ki ara, ilia meorec rom Camoiyvanon da prezidentic rom movides, mainc ar aaSenebineben.25 adgilobrivi qristianebi muslimuri samlocvelos funqcionirebis daSve bis pirobiT konfliqtis gadawyvetis winaaRmdegebi iyvnen da arc adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa da samoqalaqo integraciis komitetSi sakiTxis ganxilvaSi miiRes monawileoba. qristian Tems miaCnia, rom konfilqti arsebiTad adgilobrivma qristianma sasuliero pirebma gadawyvites. Tumca, maT mimarTac gamoxataven ukmayofilebas, radgan maT qristianebi gaaCeres da konfliqtis Cawynarebas Seuwyes xeli. adgilobrivi qristianebis SefasebiT, saxalxo damcvelis ofisisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis TanamSromlebma waaqezes muslimebi da xeli Seuwyes konfliqtis eskalacias. isini ukmayofilebas gamoxataven, radgan Tvlian, rom saxalxo damcvelis ofisisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis TanamSromlebi mxolod muslimebs xvdebodnen da qristianebTan salaparakod ki arc misulan.

25 netgazeTis mier momzadebuli statia da video masala 01.11.2013, http://www.netgazeti. ge/GE/105/News/14303/ 31

3. sofel winwyaroSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtis mimoxilva

3.1. sofeli winwyaros mosaxleobis socialuri da religiuri kompozicia sofeli winwyaro qvemo qarTlis regionSi, TeTriwyaros municipalitetSi mdebareobs. adre sofelSi ZiriTadad eTnikurad berZnebi cxovrobdnen, Tumca, mas Semdeg, rac maTma ZiriTadma nawilma datova saqarTvelo, sofelSi eTnikurad azerbaijaneli ojaxebi dasaxldnen. 2005 wels ki winwyaroSi ekomigranti ojaxebi Tavdapirvelad maRalmTiani aWaridan, maleve ki svaneTidan Caasaxles. am droisTvis sofelSi 600-mde ojaxi cxovrobs, maTgan 100-mde ojaxs azerbaijanelebi Seadgenen, danarCens ki, TiTqmis Tanabari TanafardobiT _ aWarlebi da svanebi. sofelSi mcxovrebi aWarlebis didi nawili gaqristianda, islamis rwmena ki daaxloebiT 20-mde aWarelma ojaxma SeinarCuna. aWareli muslimebi sunitebi arian, azerbaijaneli muslimebi ki _ Siitebi. Sesabamisad, maTi religiuri praqtika gnsxvavebulia da erTad ar loculoben. muslim da qristian Temebs Soris keTilmezobluri urTierToba arsebobda. Temebs Soris fiqsirdeba qorwinebis SemTxvevebic. sxvadasxva religiuri warmomadgenlebis mier ojaxis Seqmnis safuZveli saerTo religiis miRebaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom Temebs Soris Tanacxovroba keTilmezobluri iyo, 2012 wels momxdarma religiurma konfliqtma muslim da marTlmadidebel Temebs Soris manamde arsebuli gaucxoebis tendenciebi gamoavlina. konfliqtSi adgilobriv azerbaijanelebs monawiloeba ar miuRiaT da maT mimarT konfliqtis mxareebis damokidebuleba neitralur xasiaTs atarebs, rac maTi sxva eTnikuri kuTvnilebiTa da, Sesabamisad, maTgan ufro maRali distancirebiT/gansxvavebiT SeiZleba aixsnas.

3.2. sofel winwyaroSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtis qronologia da dinamika

3.2.1. samlocvelos gaxsna sofel winwyaroSi sofel winwyaroSi muslimTa samlocvelo 2012 wlis noembris Tvis dasawyisSi, samufTo sammarTvelos daxmarebiT gaixsna. manamde adgilobrivi muslimi aWarlebi salocavad marneulSi an mezobel sofel qosalarSi dadiodnen, rac maT finansur tvirTad awveboda. xSirad es problema maTTvis koleqtiur locvebSi monawileobas SeuZlebels xdida. walkis mufTis, jemal adaZis ganmartebiT, winwyaroSi mcxovrebma muslimebma samlocvelos gaxsnis TxovniT samufTos jer kidev 2011 wels mimarTes. soflis saWiroebebis Seswavlis Semdeg muslimTa sammarTvelom adgilobriv muslimebs salocavi saxli SeuZina. 2012 wlis noembris dasawyisSi samlocvelos gaxsnis Taobaze informacia adgilobriv mosaxleobas hqonda, Tumca am ambavs maTi mxridan
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winaaRmdegoba ar mohyolia. mxolod noembris Tvis bolos muslimebisa da qristianebis sasaflaoebis saerTo WiSkarze damontaJebuli jvrebis moxsnis incidentis Semdeg, gamovlinda pirveli religiuri xasiaTis dapirispireba adgilobriv Temebs Soris. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis axsna-ganmartebebis analizi aCvenebs, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom jvris moxsnis incidenti konfliqtis sababi gaxda, adgilobriv marTlmadidebel Tems arsebiTi xasiaTis winaaRmdegoba hqonda sofelSi muslimuri samlocvelos gaxsnis faqtTan dakavSirebiT.

3.2.2. sofel winwyaroSi gamovlenili konfliqtis qronologia da mimoxilva qristianuli da muslimuri sasaflaoebisTvis saerTo Robe da WiSkari 2 wlis win adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis dafinansebiT, soflis daxmarebis programis farglebSi damzadda. miuxedavad imisa, rom muslimur sasaflaoze qristianuli simbolikis aRmarTva muslimi Temis ukmayofilebas iwvevda, mTeli am drois ganmavlobaSi jvris moxsnis mizniT maT radikaluri nabijebi ar gadaudgamT. am mimarTebiT kvlevis farglebSi Caweril interviuSi qvemo qarTlis mufTi ixsenebs: [...] maT mimarTes soflis rwmunebuls da uTxres, rom musulmanebis sasaflaoze jvrebis arseboba maT religiur mrwamss ewinaaRmdegeboda. soflis rwmunebulma es Txovna ar gaiTvaliswina. man amgvari frazebiT mimarTa muslimebs: `Cven dRes romel qveyanaSi vcxovrobT, romeli saukunea, yvelam unda icodes, rom gamovideT sibnelidan. axla is dro aRar aris, viyoT warsulSi, Cven ar varT Turqebi, Cven ar varT TaTrebi. metic, mufTis, iseve, rogorc adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gancxadebiT, aRniSnul sasaflaoze erT-erTi muslimi pedagogis saflavze, romlis ojaxis wevrebi qristianebi arian, jvaria gamosaxuli, Tumca, jvris moxsna muslimi maswavleblis saflavidan ver moxerxda. [...] Cven mivmarTeT mTavrobas da misgan miviReT SemoTavazeba, rom sasaflaos SigniT arsebuli problemisTvis Cven migvexeda, xolo sasaflaos karze arsebul jvarze Tavad izrunebdnen. Tumca, es SeTanxmeba ar Sesrulda, verc Cven SevZeliT muslimi pedagogis saflavidan jvris gauqmeba da verc maT uzrunvelyves sasaflaos saerTo karidan jvris Camoxsna. 2012 wlis noembris bolos sasaflaos WiSkarze jvari Cumad moiWra, rac adgilobrivi marTlmadideblebis agresiisa da winaaRmdegobis sababi gaxda. 2012 wlis 29 noembers adgilobrivi qristianuli mosaxleoba adgilobriv xojas marad RorjomeliZes miuvarda da sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayena. kaxeTis sainformacio centris mier Caweril video masalaSi marad RorjomeliZe ixsenebs: 29 noembers soflis centrSi Seikribnen. imuqrebodnen, rom soflidan gamasaxlebdnen, saxl-kars gadamiwvavdnen. Cemi cemis mcdelobac iyo, magram saSualeba ar misces. imasac mabraleben, jvrebi Sen moxsenio. me arc jvari momixsnia da arc Seuracxyofa mimiyenebia jvrisTvis. Cvens yurans rom
33

miayenos Seuracxyofa vinmem, ar vapatiebT. amitom, maTac ar vamtyuneb. vinc moxsna, ar unda moexsna jvrebi. eg unda moxsniliyo mTavrobis doneze. pirvel rigSi arc unda daeyenebinaT, aravis SeekiTxnen. radgan gaakeTes, aRaraferi gviTqvams. axla ras da vis ukavSirdeba jvrebis moxsna, ar vici.26 2012 wlis 30 noembers 12:30 saaTze, locvis dawyebamde naxevari saaTiT adre 40-mde adgilobrivi qristiani, ZiriTadad mamakaci, samlocvelosTan mivida da muslim mrevls locvis Catareba aukrZala. mxareebs Soris dapirspireba agresiul xasiaTs atarebda. im periodSi media saSualebebis mier gadaRebuli video kadrebi aCvenebs dapirispirebis dros gamovlenili agresiis, Zaladobis maRal xarisxs.27 adgilobrivi qristianebi uTiTeben, rom isini ZaliT gaauqmeben salocavs da acxadebdnen, rom im SemTxvevaSi, Tu samlocvelo ar daixureboda, konfliqti seriozul saxes miiRebda.28 samlocvelos garSemo policia iyo mobilizebuli. im dRes muslimma mlocvelebma SeZles locvis aRvlena. konfliqtis mimdinareobis dros media saSualebebisTvis micemul inter viuebSi adgilobrivi qristianebi acxadeben: daarqmeven axla am saxls meCeTs, daadgamen meCeTis formas, moiyvanen molas. garSemo yvela ojaxi qristiani cxovrobs, uTenia molas yvirils vusmino Tu qristianul locvas? (adgilobrivi qristiani zurab WeliZe). sadme ganapira kuTxeSi mainc gaakeTon meCeTi. romel qristians gauxardeba, rom mis saxlTan ilocos muslimanma, ar aris mizanSewonili. verc erTi qristiani ver dauSlis locvas, magram es ukve metismetia, cxvirwin muslimanur salocavs gvixsnian (adgilobrivi qristiani meduli Wkadua). [...] aravis aravisTvis dauSlia locva. axla undaT, rom meCeTi aSendes, meCeTisTvis iyides es saxli, Torem sakuTar saxlSi vin vis dauSlis locvas? es qristianuli sofelia da oficialuri meCeTi winwyaroSi ar gaixsneba (adgilobrivi qristiani ramaz WeliZem).29 ukve mogvianebiT kvlevisTvis micemul axsna-ganmatebaSi erT-erTi adgilobrivi qristiani identur midgomas aCvenebs: [...] es sofeli odiTgan iyo qristianuli sofeli da amdenma qristianma amitom moiyara aq Tavi. Torem
26 kaxeTis sainformacio centris mier momzadebuli statia da video masala, 03.12.2012, http://www.ick.ge/articles/13081-2012-12-03-16-17-57.html aseve

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=kjoITqfX8aY
27 sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis mier momzadebuli siuJeti, 30.11.2012,

http://1tv.ge/news-view/44469

28 rusTavi 2-is mier momzadebuli siuJeti, 30.11. 2012,

http://youtubekensaku.com/detail/kg-d9ZyBMLE

29 kaxeTis sainformacio centris mier gadaRebuli video masala, 03.12.2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=OIHz2x6DmCU 34

es rom musulmanuri sofeli yofiliyo, fexs ar davadgamdi, Cemi nebiT var aq Camosaxlebuli. muslimebi rom iyvnen, ki vicodi, magram imedi mqonda, rom problema ar meqmneboda maTTan. igives imeorebs sxva qristiani mamakaci: me es mxare imitom miyvars, rom qristianuli mxarea. risTvis daiRupa Cveni mamapapa da winaprebi. me aq meCeTis aSenebas rogor Seveguebi, Tavs Sevaklav. amgvari Sefasebebi mtkivneulad aRiqmeba adgilobrivi muslimebis mier: paraskevis locvaze rom iZaxian, mola ikivlebso. ra aris es?! Cvenc gvesmis yoveldRe zarebis rekva, magram yuradRebas ar vaqcevT. ar gvawuxebs. gvixaria kidec, rom locvaa. rogorc Cven vcemT pativs maT sarwmunoebas, ise scen maT Cvens sarwmunoebas pativi. rogori moqalaqe is aris, iseTive var mec (adgilobrivi muslimi qali 50 wlamde). 30 noembers mediisTvis micemul interviuSi soflis rwmunebuli Tamaz mosiZe ganmartavs, rom mimdinare konfliqti mosaxleobis umravlesobis nebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda gadawyvetiliyo da Tu salocavis aSeneba sofelSi 3, 4 an Tundac 10 ojaxs surda, es sakiTxi mainc soflis mosaxleobis umravlesobis nebis Sesabamisad daregulirebas moiTxovda. misi SefasebiT, adgilobrivi muslimi Temis uflebebi ar irRveoda, radgan maT salocavad mezobel soflebSi Casvla SeeZloT.30 2012 wlis 4 dekembers winwyaroSi viTarebis gasarkvevad Cavidnen parlamentis wevrebi, soso jaWvliani da viqtor jafariZe. deputatebi winwyaroSi Casaxlebul svanebs Sexvdnen da mimdinare dapirispirebis Taobaze maTi mosazrebebi moismines. Sexvedras arc erTi muslimi ar eswreboda. aRniSnuli Sexvedris dros erT-erTma adgilobrivma qristianma zurab WeliZem ganacxada: axalgazrdebs daTqmuli aqvT, paraskevs uTenia misvla im saxlTan da muslimebis ar SeSveba salocavSi. Sexvedra sisxliani iqneba, viRac atexavs Cxubs, mere gansazRvra SeuZlebelia, aWareli dazaraldeba Tu svani. moxdeba mkvleloba. Cven ar davTmobT. isinic bevrni dairazmebian, Cvenc, vin mokvdeba, vin ar mokvdeba, winaswar veravin ver gansazRvravs. am Sefasebaze deputatma viqtor jafariZem ganacxada: gardauvalia eg. mosaxleobasTan Tavis saubarSi v. jafariZe agrZelebs: [...]undaT viTom, rom maTi uflebebi ar dairRves, magram Cveni uflebebic xom irRveva? mosaxleoba damSviddeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini, vinc jvari moWra, pasuxs ageben. ras hqvia, jvari moWran, amas saxeli ar hqvia. es aris Zveli xelisuflebis qmedeba, rom wyali aamRvrios. ukve JurnalistisTvis micemul interviuSi ki deputati dasZens: Tu laparakia uflebebis darRvevaze, mola rom ilocebs dilis 6 saaTze, ratom ar uSvebT imas, rom dairRveva qristianebis uflebebic? dilis 6 saaTze iqneb ar undaT, moisminon musulmanebis locva. saxlSi visac unda, ilocos, sxvas nu Seawuxeben Tavisi qmedebiT.31
30 netgazeTis mier gadaRebuli video masala, 30.11.2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMfltuxJz5g#t=365 31 kaxeTis sainformacio centris mier gadaRebuli video masala, 03.12.2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=36RIBpWx9LU 35

2012 wlis 7 dekembers muslimur samlocvelosTan kvlav Seikribnen qristianebi. samlocvelosTan mobilizebuli iyo policia, muslimma mlocvelebma locvis Catareba SeZles. aRsaniSnavia, rom am dRes paraskevis tradiciul locvaSi monawileoba mxolod erTma adgilobrivma muslimma miiRo, danarCeni mlocvelebi walkidan da sxva maxlobeli soflebidan Camovidnen. adgilobrivi qristianebisa da soflis rwmunebulis, Tamaz mosiZis ganmartebiT, 7 dekembramde mxareebs Soris Sedga SeTanxmeba, rom samlocveloSi locvebi aRar gaimarTeboda. Tumca, misi TqmiT, samufTo sammarTvelom SeTanxmebis es pirobaa daarRvia da locva mainc Caatara. kvlevis farglebSi aRebul interviuSi soflis rwmunebuli yveba: Cven SevTanxmdiT, rom sanam ilia II-s ar SevxvdebodiT, ar unda gaxsniliyo samlocvelo da ar unda Semdgariyo locva. magram jemal adaZe, mainc movida meore dRes. Cven vTxoveT, rom erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi, sanam ar SevxvdebodiT patriarqs da jemal paqsaZes, ar gaexsnaT samlocvelo da rasac isini gvetyodnen, ise movqceuliyaviT. konfliqtis mimdinareobis dros media saSualebebis mier Caweril video masalaSi adgilobrivi qristianebi aprotestebdnen SeTanxmebis darRvevis faqts da SesaZlo Zaladobas, sisxlisRvras ar gamoricxavdnen.32 adgilobrivi qristianebi miuTiTebdnen, rom sakuTari miznis misaRwevad isini policiasac ki ar daemorCilebodnen.33 mogvianebiT, kvlevis procesSi Caweril axsna-ganmartebebSi adgilobrivi qristianebi uTiTebdnen, rom maTTvis muslimi religiuri liderebis mxridan miRweuli SeTanxmebis darRveva gaxda konfliqtis gamwvavebis mizezi: muslimebma da qristianebma moilaparakes da gadawyda samlocvelos daxurva. muslimebs ukve gadawyvetili hqondaT samlocvelos daxurva, Tumca, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis STagonebiT maT kvlav gaxsnes samlocvelo. [...] svanebic, SeTanxmebis darRvevis gamo gaRiziandnen. swored es iyo am daZabulobis kulminacia da swored am dros ambobdnen svanebi, rom sisxli daiRvrebao (adgilobrivi qristiani svani). 2012 wlis 7 dekembers mTavrobis oficialur veb-gverdze gavrcelda premier-ministris gancxadeba, romelSic man miuTiTa, rom religiuri dapirispireba qristian da muslim moqalaqeebs Soris provokaciis niSnebs atarebda. premieris gancxadebiT: [...] aseTi dapirispireba sruliad ucxoa Cveni xalxisaTvis. es ar aris qarTuli movlena. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi marTlmadidebel qristianebTan sruliad mSvidobianad Tanacxovrobdnen sxva religiis warmomadgenlebi da istorias ar axsovs religiuri niSniT dapirispirebis Tundac erTi SemTxvevac ki. swored amitom, mimaCnia, am bolo
32 Palitratv-s mier gadaRebuli video masala, 07.12.2012. http://www.palitratv.ge/akhali-ambebi/sazogadoeba/24443-dapirispireba-tsintsyaroshi-religiuri-shughli-thu-shegnebuli-provokacia.html 33 EMC-is mier gadaRebuli video masala, 07.12.2012. https://www.facebook.com/photo. php?v=506188772747100 36

dros religiuri niSniT dapirispirebis gaxSireba aSkarad provokaciis niSnebs atarebs da saqarTvelos saxelmwifos diskreditacias isaxavs miznad. religiuri aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba yvela am qveynis moqalaqis konstituciuri uflebaa da Cveni xelisufleba ar dauSvebs vinmesTvis am uflebis SezRudvas. samarTaldamcavi organoebi gamoiZieben TiToeul kanondarRvevas da umkacresad daisjeba yvela, vinc kanonsawinaaRmdegod monawileobs am samarcxvino dapirispirebaSi.34 konfliqtis xelovnur xasiaTze uTiTebebs manglisisa da walkis eparqiis mitropoliti anania, romelTanac interviu kvlevis procesSi 2013 wlis oqtombris TveSi Caiwera. misi SefasebiT, adgilobriv qristianebs dapirispireba samlocvelosTan dakavSirebiT saerTod ar gamouxatavT: [...] paraskevs CamouyvaniaT didi avtobusebiT musulmanebi sxvadasxva regionebidan, maT Soris pankisidan. demonstracia mouwyviaT ase da amaT Turme Tan Camoyva televizia. magaliTad, gamovida kaci iqauri da kiTxes, rom ai musulmani meCeTs aSenebs da Tqven sofelze modian, manac upasuxa, vin arian, ra undaT, saidan gaCndnen. iqaur xalxs aranairi dapirispireba ar gaaCniaT. 2012 wlis 10 dekembers parlamentis wevris zaqaria qucnaSvilis xelSewyobiT Sedga Sexvedra marTlmadidebeli da muslimi Temebis warmomadgenlebs, aseve maT religiur liderebs Soris. Sexvedris Semdeg monawileebma miuTiTes, rom konfliqti amowurulia. JurnalistebisTvis micemul interviuSi zaqaria qucnaSvilma ganacxada: `am cnobili problemebis sakiTxebze dRes gvqonda Sexvedra musulman da qristian qarTvelebTan. Sexvedras aseve eswrebodnen winwyaros mufTi, soflis xelmZRvaneloba da meufe anania. SevTanxmdiT, rom konfliqts daesvas wertili. SeTanxmebis piroba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom muslimani qarTvelebi iTxoven im pirebis gamovlenasa da dasjas, romlebic eWvimtanilni arian jvrebis SeuracxyofaSi, marTlmadideblebi ki amboben, rom aravin dauSlis muslimanebs religiuri ritualis Catarebas. am mxriv adgilobrivebs araviTari problema ar Seeqmneba, Tu gare Zalebi ar gaagrZleben waqezebas.35 Sexvedris bolos z. qucnaSvilma muslim qarTvelebs yurani, xolo marTlmadidebel Tems wminda giorgis xati gadasca. 2012 wlis 14 dekembers sofel winwyaroSi viTarebis adgilze Sesaswavlad saqarTveloSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis elCi, riCard norlandi Cavida. igi samlocveloSi Sexvda adgilobriv muslimebs da maTgan moismina informacia arsebuli situaciis Taobaze. elCma mimdinare konfliqti amowurulad miiCnia da ganacxada: `SemiZlia, mivuloco adgilobrivebs, rom SeTanxmeba miRweulia mTavrobis, sxvadasxva religiuri mimdinareobis, arasamTavroboebisa da adgilobrivebis monawileobiT da romlis Sedegadac muslim Tems mieca
34 netgazeTis mier momzadebuli statia, 12.07.2012

http://www.netgazeti.ge/GE/105/News/15224/

35 info9- , 10.12.2012 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTWEVxaGHSI 37

saSualeba, miiRos monawileoba paraskevis locvaSi. CemTvis, rogorc amerikis elCisTvis, mizezi, Tu ratom vimyofebi aq, aris is, rom aSS-isTvis religiis Tavisuflebis Tema Zalian mniSvnelovania.36 adgilobrivi qristianebis SefasebiT, SeTanxmebis ZaliT sxva soflebSi mcxovreb muslimebs aekrZalaT winwyaroSi salocavad Casvla. aRniSnuli SeTanxmebis pirobis arsebobas adasturebs rogorc adgilobrivi qristianebis, ise adgilibrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis gancxadebebi. muslimebis ganmartebiT, amgvari SezRudvis daweseba usamarTlo iyo, Tumca, maT daTmobaze wasvla mouwiaT: [...] isedac veravin agvikrZalavda Cven locvas an sxvebs. ubralod Cven daTmobebze wavediT (adgilobrivi muslimi biWi 30 wlamde).

3.2.3. sofel winwyaroSi dRes arsebuli mdgomareoba dRes sofelSi mdebare samlocveloSi paraskevis tradiciuli locva tardeba da mas 30-mde adgilobrivi muslimi mlocveli regularulad eswreba.

3.3. mxareTa Sefasebebi sofel winwyaroSi mimdinare konfliqtis mizezebis Taobaze 3.3.1. konfliqtis politikuri konteqstebi marTlmadidebeli Temisgan aRebuli axsna-ganmartebebis analizi aCvenebs, rom konfliqtis gamomwvevi mizezebis axsnaSi yvelaze metad dominirebs politikuri Teoria, romelic konfliqtis warmoSobas arCevnebis Semdeg Seqmnil politikur konteqsts ukavSirebs. aRniSnuli midgoma konfliqtis garedan provocirebulobas usvams xazs da adgilobriv Temebs Soris religiuri niSniT gaucxoebis aRiarebas gamoricxavs. nigvzianis konfliqtis msgavsad, adgilobrivi qristianebis axsnaSi dominirebs ori ZiriTadi politikuri Teoria: pirveli Teoria yofili saxelisuflo partiis mier arCevnebSi xmebis sanacvlod mulismebisTvis samlocvelos gaxsnis dapirebas ukavSirdeba, meore Teoria ki TurqeTis mier saqarTvelos Turqmenizaciis safrTxeebze uTiTebs. erT-erTi aWareli qristiani qalbatoni Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi yveba: [...]es iyo albaT Cadebuli naRmi. Cven ase vfiqrobdiT, rom TiTqos nacionalebis mier xmis mopovebis mizniT. es moxda arCevnebamde. musulmanebs hqoniaT salocavi saxli. es xalxma ar icoda. roca arCevnebi CamTavrda, mere gamomJRavnda es faqti. adgilobrivi qristiani svani qalbatoni igive mosazrebas aviTarebs:
36 , 14.12.12. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rs7Z0he8148 38

rwmunebuli iyo yvelafris Tavi da Tavi. [...]misi interesi iyos xmebis mopoveba da am mizniT akeTebda amas. maT jerodaT, rom gaimarjvebdnen. rom guriis ambebis Semdeg amas raime gamoxmaureba moyveboda. sxva respodentebi Tavis interviuebSi aseve uTiTeben konfliqtis xelovnur xasiaTze da mis savaraudo politikur motivebze. winwyaros sajaro skolis erT-erTi maswavlebeli Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi ixsenebs: [...] es iseTi moulodnel iyo. uceb moxda da uceb Cacxra. [...] vfiqrobT, viRacam xelovnurad xom ar gaakeTa es. arCevnebis Semdeg sofelSi areuloba xom ar Semoitana, rom xazi gaesva imaze, rom movida axali mTavroba da daiwyo religiuri umciresobebis Cagvra da a.S. nigvzianis konfliqtis msgavsad, winwyaroSi adgilobrivi qristianebis umravlesobis axsna-ganmartebebSi aseve dominirebs TurqeTis mier saqarT veloSi islamis gavrcelebis mcdelobis idea: mas Semdeg, rac TurqeTis gza gaixsna, Turqebis Semodineba rom daiwyo, am musulmanur sazogadoebaSi ufro meti fulia da dRes ukve TiTqmis yvela qarTul sofelSi, aWaraSi, jame dgas (adgilobrivi qristiani svani). [...] isini ar iyvnen dainteresebuli, meCeTi rom gaexsnaT. es yvelaferi fulTan iyo dakavSirebuli. Turqma uyida es saxli da es iyo. mag samlocveloSi 3-4 kaci Tu dadis da wlebis Semdeg isinic aRar ivlian. inaTlebian ZiriTadad (winwyaros sajaro skolis qimiis maswavlebeli). walkis mufTi, jemal adaZe ar eTanxmeba TurqeTis mier samlocvelos dafinansebis Taobaze winwyaroSi, iseve, rogorc konfliqtis sxva adgilebSi gamoxatul eWvebs da uTiTebs: CvenTan aris aseTi wesi, Tu vinmes daxmareba esaWiroeba, paraskevs sxvadasxva samlocveloSi saqarTvelos masStabiT keTdeba gancxadeba amis Taobaze. amgvarad, visac survili eqneba, yvelas aqvs SesaZlebloba, saerTo yulabaSi Caagdos Tavisi Sesawiri da visac ramdeni aqvs, imdens gaiRebs da SesaZloa, es pirovneba iyos qarTvelic, Turqic da a.S. magram is ambavi, rom ZiriTadi Semowirulobebi sazRvargareTidan Semoedineba, es ase ar aris. adgilobrivi mosaxleobisgan gansxvavebiT, qristiani sasuliero pirebi procesebs sxva politikur paradigmaSi xedaven. manglisisa da walkis eparqiis mitropoliti ananias ganmartebiT winwyaros konfliqti, iseve, rogorc sxva soflebSi gamovlenili dapirispirebebi, eklesiis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli politikis nawilia: TbilisSi viRaca didi jgufia, romelsac ar moswons, rom saqarTvelos eklesia aris xalxSi popularuli, aqvs didi reitingi, es ar mowondaT, SeZles Tanxebis mogroveba, am TanxebiT iyides regionebSi saxlebi, raTa warmoadginos xalxis TvalSi, naxe, rogori reaqcionerebi arian qarTveli marTlmadideblebi da samRvdeloeba da rogor Cagraven musulmanebs. SekiTxvaze, Tu vis moiazrebs am jgufis saxiT, sasuliero piri uTiTebs: ar aris politikuri Zala, raRac jgufia, romelic iqac aris da iqac aris. erT erTi lideria beqa mindiaSvili da mis garSemo mere Sekrebilebi,
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mTavrobis wevrebic uWeren mxars, Tqven iciT es jgufi. es aris eklesiis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedeba, sinamdvileSi eklesias ver moerevian, eklesia uZlevelia. misi ganmartebiT, samufTo sammarTveloc am jgufis mier ganzrax Seqmnili institutia.

3.3.2. jvris moWris incidenti da mxareebis mier aRniSnuli faqtis Sefaseba konfliqtis gamomwvev sababad rogorc marTlmadidebeli, aseve muslimi Temi jvris moWris incidents miiCnevs. muslimi Temis ganmartebiT, aWarlebisa da svanebis sasaflaoebis saerTo WiSkarze jvris gamosaxva, romelic adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis biujetidan gamoyofili TanxebiT dafinansda, TavisTavad problemuri iyo da Seuracxyofda maT religiur grZnobebs. 30 wlamde asakis adgilobrivi muslimi mamakaci acxadebs: maT specialurad gagvikeTes muslimur sasaflaoze jvrebiani WiSkari. Cven xels ar vkidebdiT, magram namdvilad ar iyo sasiamovno. [...] aq sofelSi jvrebs dgaven xolme quCebSi. es xom Cveni upativcemulobac aris?! magram im adamians, vinc rkinis jvarebi moWra muslimur sasaflaoze gamarTleba ar aqvs. im adamians Cvenma, muslimma kacebma pasuxi mosTxoves. man Tavisi miiRo. is adamiani albaT Seacdines. Tamaz xozrevaniZe kaxeTis sainformacio centrisTvis micemul interviuSi yveba: muslimur sasaflaoze WiSkarze Segnebulad gakeTda jvari. aravis ar moswonda es da apirebdnen ramenairad jvrebis mocilebas, magram vin aWra, marTla ar vici. svanebmac es sababad gamoiyenes.37 adgilobrivi qristiani Temis ganmartebiT, swored jvris moWris incidenti gaxda konfliqtis mizezi da rom ara es faqti, maTi mxridan winaaRmdegobas adgili ar eqneboda. maTi ganmartebiT, samlocvelo sofelSi ukve gaxsnili iyo da isini am sakiTxs met-naklebad ukve Seguebulebi iyvnen. [...] maT jvrebi rom ar moeWraT, qristianebi verafersac ver ityodnen. ubralod, imis gamo, rom jvrebi moWres, Seuracxyofa miayenes da iqve dayares, aman gamoiwvia aRelveba (qristiani svani qalbatoni). [...] aq mainc mTavari jvrebis moWris faqti iyo. Torem samlocvelos arsebobaze informacia gvqonda da es did gaRizianebas ar iwvevda (qristiani aWareli qalbatoni). adgilobrivi qristianebi ver xedaven problemas imaSi, rom aWarlebis sasaflaoze qristianuli jvari iyo gamosaxuli. soflis rwmunebuli, Tamaz
37 kaxeTis sainformacio centris mier momzadebuli statia da video masala, 03.12.2012 http://www.ick.ge/articles/13081-2012-12-03-16-17-57.html aseve http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=kjoITqfX8aY 40

mosiZe, kvlevis farglebSi Caweril interviuSi uTiTebs: [...] es sasaflao 2009 wels me TviTonve gamovayofine. SemovRobeT saTiTaod aWarlebis, svanebis da berZnebis sasaflaoebi da samives saerTo karze davamagreT jvrebi, imisTvis, rom ar yofiliyo azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. radganac aWarlebidan qristianebic arian da muslimebic. adgilobrivi qristianebis ganmartebiT, Tavad jvris moWris epizodic provocirebuli iyo da is adamiani, romelmac moWra jvari, mxolod Semsrulebeli iyo. am mimarTebiT erT-erTi adgilobrivi qristiani Semdeg mosazrebas gamoTqvams: is iyo musulmani, romelic waaqezes, rom amgvarad moqceuliyo. mTavarma imamma waaqeza. jer salocavi gaxsna da mere es gaakeTebina am adamians. [...] mTavari damkveTi, Cemi azriT, im jvrebis mokveTis iyo qvemo qarTlis mufTi.

3.3.3. samlocvelos gaxsnis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis CarTulobis problema rogorc adgilobrivi qristianebisa da muslimebis interviuebi aCvenebs, sofelSi samlocvelos gaxsnis Taobaze adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, maT Soris, muslimi Temi, ar iyo saTanadod informirebuli. 30 wlamde adgilobrivi muslimi biWi yveba: samlocvelosTvis saxli iyida orma pirovnebam yvelasgan daukiTxavad. Cvenc ar vicodiT. igives uTiTebs muslimi qalbatoni: maT, vinc samlocvelo gaakeTes, SeiZleba, daufiqrebladac moiqcnen, aravin rom ar gaafrTxiles amis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba, problema arc hqonodaT sxvebs (qristianebs), yvelas rom codnoda. maT xom ician Cveni gaWirvebis Sesaxeb. im siSoreze rom davdivarT meCeTSi. rogor iqnebodnen winaaRmdegebi. adgilobrivi qristianebis SefasebaSi es sakiTxi adgilobrivi muslimebis pasuxismgeblobas amcirebs: kmayofileba gamoiwvia iman, rom damales es faqti, mere rom ar SeekiTxnen arc xalxs, arc qristianebs da arc musulmanebs. vinc es naRmi Cado, isini miimalnen da bolos SemorCa es ubralo xalxi, vinc TviTonac ar icoda samlocvelos gaxsnis ambavi da gamomdinare iqidan, rom is musulmania, ra Tqma unda, icavs sakuTar principebs (qristiani svani qalbatoni). muslimi da qristianuli TemebisTvis aseve problemuri iyo is adgili/ Senoba, sadac samlocvelo gaixsna. erT-erTi adgilobrivi muslimi Tavis interviuSi yveba: rogorc aseTi, im adgilas mizanSewonili ar aris samlocvelos mowyoba. yvelafers Tavis religiuri wesi aqvs, magram ra gveqna. sxva varianti arc iyo. aWareli qristiani qalbatoni aseve saubrobs am saxlSi muslimuri samlocvelo funqcionirebis aramizanSewonilobaze: gaiyida es saxli, romelic aris nakurTxi da mis kedlebze jvrebia gamosaxuli da maT Tu marTlac salocavi saxli surdaT, SeeZloT calke aeSenebinaT, arc aravin ar uSlida.
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3.3.4. prozelitizmis problema winwyaros sajaro skolaSi adgilobrivi muslimebi uTiTeben skolaSi indoqtrinaciis problemaze, romelsac isini manamde eguebodnen da ar aprotestebdnen. muslimi mlocveli ixsebs: Cven xom vTanxmdebiT, rom arc erT saswavlo dawesebulebaSi ar SeiZleba qadageba, sarwmunoebis Tavze moxveva da a.S. es xom aris kanoniT akrZaluli? xom aris dauSvebeli?! magram xdeba. Zalian cudia, amas rom ar vaprotestebT. ki klasebSi aq bevri qristiania, magram aWareli da azerbaijaneli muslimebic xom arian?! aqamde xma ar amogviRia, skolas rom naTlavdnen. axla amaze vityviT. am mimarTebiT simptomaturia skolis maswavleblebis axsna-ganmartebebis diskurs-analizic. winwyaros sajaro skolis maswavlebeli yveba: [...] Cven, qarTvelebi, aqamde mogviyvana rwmenam. vuyvebi am istoriis Sesaxeb, rogor ibrZodnen qarTvelebi am rwmenisTvis, rogor ewirebodnen mas. aWaris istoria tragikulia da veubnebi imas, rac iyo, rogor ewirebodnen qarTvelebi rwmenisTvis, rogor yridnen mdinareSi. Cemi gadasaxedidan asea da vin rogor mimiRebs, ar vici. qimiis maswavleblis interviu kidev ufro pirdapiria: bibliaSic da yuranSic aris mowodeba imaze, rom musulmani bolo periodSi aravin ar unda iyos, yvela qristiani unda iyos.

3.3.5. aWareli muslimebis identoba da maTi indoqtrinaciis procesi sofel winwyaroSi aWareli muslimebi Tavis axsna-ganmartebebSi acxadeben, rom maTi religiuri identoba qristianebisTvis miuRebelia da uTiTeben aWareli muslimebis indoqtrinaciis procesze, romelic aWaraSi da aWareli muslimebiT Casaxlebul sxva sazogadoebebSi did masStabs aRwevs. niSandoblivia, rom socialuri miuRebloba muslim TemSi erTgvari konformulobis, TviTSezRudvis safuZveli xdeba. am mimarTebiT sainteresoa fragmenti 30 wlamde asakis adgilobrivi muslimi mamakacis interviudan: agitacia xdeba, rom Cveni winapari iyo qristiani; Tqven muslimebi xarTo, romelic TaTrebma gagamuslimeso da exla yvelani xelaxla unda gaqristiandeTo. [...] Cven mxolod saqarTvelos kulturul garemocvaSi varT. Cven, qarTvelma muslimebma, rom iseTi ram gavakeToT, rac qarTul adaTebSi ar jdeba, dauSvebelia CvenTvis. imitom, rom amas sxva arasworad aRiqvams da amis gakeTeba dauSvebelia CvenTvis. Tu aris saSualeba, ar gaakeTo _ ratom unda qna?! Cven sakuTar Tavs qarTvel muslimad aRviqvamT. qarTveloba mxolod qristianobas ar gulisxmobs. religia aravisi araa. [...] Cven qarTvelebi TaTrebs gveZaxian. [...] samagierod TurqeTSi rom vswavlobdi, gurjs meZaxdnen da vamayobdi amiT. 40 wlamde aWareli muslimi qali Tavis interviuSi uTiTebs: [...] 90-ian wlebSi, 2000 wlamde, masiurad xdeboda gaqristianeba. komunizmis gadavardnis Semdeg, roca ukve aTeizmi midis da rwmenis moTxovnileba Cndeba. me ra ufleba maqvs,
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Cemi ojaxis wevrs an vinmes davuSalo sarwmunoebis Secvla. magram Tu rwmena mtkice aqvs adamians, is ar Seicvlis sarwmunoebas. mec minda guliT, rom Cemi Svili muslimi iyos. aWareli muslimis identobis miuReblobasa da indoqtrinaciis procesze miuTiTebs, adgilobrivi qristianebis axsna-ganmartebebi: svanebis gulis tkivilic es iyo, gexvewebiT, qarTvelobas nu kargavT, SeinarCuneT rwmena es gadagarCenT. [...] Tqven iciT, rom es aris aWarelebis daRi. Tu istorias gadavxedavT, Cveni winaprebi iyvnen qristianebi, movdivarT qristianuli rwmeniT, ubralod, es sami saukunea, es musulmanuri rwmena gaZlierda da axla cota rTulia am Temaze saubari, sensitiuri Temaa (adgilobrivi aWareli qalbatoni). [...] maT esmiT istoria, vin iyvnen isini da saidan modian, albaT esec gavlenas axdens. rodesac izrdeba bavSvi, albaT uxerxulobis grZnobac uCndeba. im mxriv, rom rodesac ici Seni qveynis istoria, ici, rogor migaRebines es sarwmunoeba, rogor gadagTeles. rodesac qristianis gverdiT dgas, uxerxulobis grZnoba uCndeba. mec qarTveli var da ratom ar var qristiani. [...] me vfiqrob, rom vinc axalgazrdaa yvela moinaTleba. vinc adre ver moaxerxa, maRal klasebSi da skolis damTvrebis Semdeg, rodesac damoukidebeli gaxda, mainc moinaTla (winwyaros sajaro skolis istoriis maswavlebeli). vinc istoria icis, is ubrundeba im Zvel sarwmunoebas, rac adre hqonda. visac garCevis unari ar aqvs, winsvlas ar cdilobs da brmad emorCileba imas, rac aris (soflis rwmunebuli Tamaz mosiZe).

3.4. konfliqtis mxareTa Sefasebebi konfliqtis daregulirebis procesSi ZiriTadi aqtorebis mier Sesrulebli rolis Sesaxeb 3.4.1. sofeli winwyaros muslimi Temis Sefasebebi muslimi Temis azriT, konfliqtis gadawyvetis procesSi mniSvnelovani roli patriarqma Seasrula. isini pativs scemen mis pirovnebas da sjerodaT, rom is swor gadawyvetilebas miiRebda. patriarqTan dagegmili Sexvedris win kvlevis farglebSi Caweril interviuebSi muslimebi uTiTebdnen: dRes 6 saaTze TbilisSi patriarqTan aris mxareebis Sexvedra. Cvenc mivdivarT. Cven gvjera, rom bevri ram gadawydeba am Sexvedraze. gvinda, rom iyos sofelSi samlocvelo. imedia, obieqturad gadawydeba yvelaferi. [...] patriarqs arc ganaTleba da rwmena aklia. gvjera, rom tolerantulia. Cven gvwams, rom obieqtur gadawyvetilebas miiRebs (30 wlamde adgilobrivi muslimi mamakaci). igive suliskveTebas imeorebs muslimi qalbatonic: patriarqi ar izavs imas, rom vinmes dauSalos locva.
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aRniSnulis sapirispirod, muslimi Temis SefasebiT, adgilobrivi qristiani sasuliero pirebi, indoqtrinaciis process uwyobdnen xels da konfliqtis samarTliani gadawyvetis resursi ar gaaCndaT: exla azri arc aqvs erTmaneTTan laparaks, arc mRvdelTan. wina dRes ager Camoiares mTeli sofeli. saRamos msvleloba hqondaT. jvari Camoatares da loculobdnen. muslimi Temi ukmayofilebas gamoTqvams centraluri xelisuflebis mimarT, romelTa warmomadgenlebi adgilobriv qristianebs xvdebodnen da maT naklebad ekontaqtebodnen. muslimi Temi varaudobs, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi warsuli waiSleba da yvelaferi dalagdeba.

3.4.2. sofeli winwyaros marTlmadidebeli Temis Sefasebebi adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli Temi konfliqtis gadawyvetis procesSi xazs usvams patriaqris gansakuTrebul rolsa da avtoritets. [...] konfliqti daaregulira xelisuflebam. aseve gaWra ilia II-is Txovnamac. sinamdvileSi, ufro metad misi Txovnis gamo daixies ukan da ara kanonis gamo (adgilobrivi qristiani svani qalabatoni). es yvelaferi pirvel rigSi mogvarda patriarqis wyalobiT da aseve imis gamo, rom yovelTvis Zalian dadebiTi urTierTobebi gvqonda erTmaneTTan (adgilobrivi qristiani). niSandoblivia konfliqtis mogvarebis is gaazreba/molodini, romelic adgilobriv qristian Tems gaaCnia, roca is konfliqtis mogvarebis procesSi eklesiisa da patriarqis rolis mniSvnelobas xsnis: mkvlevari: Tqveni azriT visi damsaxurebaa is, rom es konfliqti mogvarda, mTavrobis Tu sapatriarqosi? adgilobrivi qristiani: patriarqis damsaxurebaa. mis sityvas mihyva xalxi, rom yvela qarTveli varTo da droTa ganmavlobaSi es yvelaferi mogvardebao. mkvlevari: da ra igulisxma, Tqveni azriT, mogvarebaSi? adgilobrivi qristiani: albaT is, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi es adamianebi gaqristiandebian, rom TandaTan Semovlen sarwmunoebaSi. Zalian xSirad vxedav musulman bavSvebs eklesiaSi. adgilobrivi qristianebi konfliqtis gadawyvetis procesSi dadebiTad afase ben saxelmwifos mier gatarebul politikas. Tumca, akritikeben konfliq
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tebSi saxalxo damcvelis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da mediis monawileobis xasiaTs da miaCniaT, rom maT kidev ufro metad daZabes situacia: mediam, ra Tqma unda, cecxli waunTo. aseve beqa mindiaSvilma. SeiZleboda, ubralo SeTanxmeba momxdariyo, Tumca, es Tema aitaca mediam, arasamTavro boebma. isini amtki cebdnen, rom irRveoda adamianis uflebebi da aman ufro daZaba situacia. sxva SemTxvevaSi yvelaferi ufro martivad mogvardeboda (adgilobrivi qristiani svani qalbatoni). muslimi Temis msgavsad, adgilobrivi qristianebic uTiTeben, rom isini aRar ixseneben konfliqtis dros momxdar ambebs da cdiloben, is saerTod daiviwyon.

4. sofel samTawyaroSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtis mimoxilva

4.1. sofeli samTawyaroSi mosaxleobis socialuri da religiuri kompozicia sofeli samTawyaro kaxeTis regionSi, dedofliswyaros municipalitetSi mdebareobs. is azerbaijanTan sazRvrispira sofelia, sadac saingilodan (istoriulad saqarTvelos teritoria, amJamad azerbaijanis saxelmwifos nawili) Camosuli ingiloebi da maRalmTiani aWaridan Camosaxlebuli ekomigrantebi cxovroben. samTawyaroSi ingiloebi 1930-ian wlebSi Casaxldnen, 1980-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ki sofelSi aWarel muslimTa ojaxebi Caasaxles. sofelSi mTlianobaSi 480 ojaxi cxovrobs, maT umravlesobas (daaxloebiT 2/3) aWarlebi Seadgenen. aWarlebis nawilma, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrda Taobam, qristianoba miiRo, nawili ki islamis rwmenas inarCunebs. isini sakuTari Tavis, rogorc `qarTveli muslimis identificirebas axdenen. ingiloebis umravlesoba qristianobas misdevs. soflis religiuri kompoziciis mimo xilvisTvis unda aRiniSnos, rom ukanaskneli 10-15 wlis periodSi sofelSi aseve Camoyalibda iehovas mowmeebis Temi (20-mde ojaxi), romelsac sofelSi religiuri Sekrebis adgilic aqvs. 2013 wlis oqtombramde samTawyaroSi marTlmadidebel da muslim Temebs Soris religiur niadagze konfliqti ar gamovlenila da isini keTilmezoblur Tanaarsebobas axerxebdnen. fiqsirdeba Temebs Soris qorwinebis SemTxvevebic. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gamokiTxvebis Sefaseba aCvenebs, rom Sereuli ojaxebis Seqmnis aucilebel pirobas saerTo religiis miReba warmoadgens. saerTo religiis miRebis procesSi Cans qristianobis, rogorc dominanti religiisa da genderuli ierarqiis gavlena. magaliTisTvis, erT-erTi adgilobrivi qristiani qali yveba: [...] aris bevri Sereuli ojaxi. me, magaliTad, aWareli rZali myavs, magram is, saqme saqmeze rom wavides, aWaris mxares ar iqneba. qristianoba moswons mas. sxva qali igives acxadebs: biWebi iReben marTlmadideblobas. gogoebze ar vambob arafers. gaTxovdebian marTlmadidebelze da TavisTavad gaqristiandebian.
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keTilmezobluri Tanacxovrebis miuxedavad, konfliqtis da post konfliqturi situaciis kvleva aCvenebs, rom ingiloebisa da aWareli muslimebis identobasTan dakavSirebuli istoriuli narativebi Temebs Soris garkveul gaucxoebas aCenda. ingiloebis TemSi mZlavrad moqmedebs istoriuli narativi, rom azerbaijanSi muslimebis mxridan devnis miuxedavad, maT ar uaryves qristianoba da religiuri Seviwroebis gamo iZulebulebi gaxdnen istoriuli samSoblo daetovebinaT. sakuTari istoriis amgvari gaazreba, misTvis simboluri xasiaTis miniWeba, am TemSi muslimebis mimReobas amcirebs, ramac konfliqtis ganviTarebaSi uaryofiTi roli Seasrula.

4.2. religiuri konfliqtis qronologia da dinamika sofel samTawyaroSi religiuri konfliqti, wina ori SemTxvevisgan gansxvavebiT, ufro xangrZlivi iyo da mZimec, radgan am procesSi kidev ufro negatiurad gamoikveTa saxelmwifos roli. nigvzianisa da winwyarosgan gansxvavebiT, muslimma Temma ver moaxerxa konfliqtis dReebSi paraskevis tradiciuli locvis gamarTva, konfliqtis dasrulebis Semdegac sofelSi muslimuri samlocvelo ar funqcionirebs. qvemoT detalurad iqneba mimoxiluli daaxloebiT 2 Tvis manZilze mimdinare konfliqtis yvelaze rTuli epizodebi.

4.2.1. samlocvelos gaxsna sofel samTawyaroSi adgilobrivi muslimebis ganmartebiT, 2013 wlis maisSi samlocvelos gaxsnamde aqtiuri mlocvelebis jgufi, paraskevis tradiciuli locvis, jumas, Casatareblad adgilobrivi muslimis parmen cecxlaZis saxlSi ikribeboda. manamde isini saxlSi individualurad loculobdnen, Tumca, imis gamo, rom jumas locva mxolod Sesabamisi etiketiT mowyobil adgilas SeiZleba Sesruldes, koleqtiur locvas isini manamde ver aRasrulebdnen. muslimi mlocvelebis ganmratebiT, salocavis gaxsnamde 6 TviT adre, paraskevobiT, parmen cecxlaZis saxlSi isini regularulad ikribebodnen. am mimarTebiT Tanxvedria muslimi mlocvelebis axsna-ganmartebebi: samlocvelo sadRac maisSi SevisyideT. manamde parmen cecxlaZesTan vikribebodiT daaxloebiT 20-25 kaci, danarCenebi xan samuSaoze iyvnen, xan raime saqme hqondaT da ver axerxebdnen. Tumca, es raodenoba yovelTvis iyo paraskevis locvaze. [...] 6 Tve vloculobdiT. iq winaaRmdegoba ar Segvxvedria (adgilobrivi xoja, suliko xozrevaniZe). 10-15 kaci. moxucebi viyaviT da Sua xnis xalxi, ukve saiqiosken rom aris da rom cdilobs madli gaakeTos iseTi xalxi viyaviT (muslimi mlocveli, romelic sxvebTan erTad parmen cecxlaZis saxlSi dadioda salocavad).
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aRniSnul faqts adasturebs parmen cecxlaZis dedis axsna-ganmartebac: am 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi yvelaze meti 38 kaci eswreboda locvas. arada, amboben, 2 kaci dadioda locvazeo. adgilobrivi muslimebis ganmartebiT, muslimi mosaxleobis didma nawilma xeli moawera koleqtiur gancxadebas, romelSic isini samufTo sammarTvelos samTawyaroSi samlocvelos gaxsnas sTxovdnen. Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi adgilobrivi xoja, suliko xozrevaniZe, ixsenebs: samlocvelos gaxsnis idea moxucebisgan wamovida. isini parmenisgan Sors cxovroben da uWirdaT locvaze misvla. amitomac moindomes, maT dasaxlebasTan axlos gagvexsna samlocvelo. Cven TxovniT mivmarTeT muslimTa sammarTvelos samlocvelos gaxsnis Taobaze. [...] gancxadebaze 100-ma ojaxma moawera xeli. igives yveba sxva muslimi mlocveli (70 wlamde), romelic parmenis saxlSi paraskevis locvebs eswreboda xolme: samufTos mxardaWeriT moxda es. sofelSic Segrovda xelmowerebi, Tumca me im dRes ar viyavi saxlSi. me Tanaxma viyavi, rom gaexsnaT samlocvelo. daaxloebiT 80-mde adamiani iyo Tanaxma. suliko xozrevaniZis gancxadebiT, soflis muslimTa Tems surda salocavis gaxsnis sakiTxis adgilobriv xelisuflebasa da mosaxleobasTan SeTanxmeba, Tumca, soflis rwmunebulma amaze uari ganacxada: [...] maT [igulisxmeba samufTo sammarTvelo] SeiZines es saxli. Cven vapirebdiT raionSic CavsuliyaviT, magram gamgebelma jer ar gindaTo. vuTxari, davelaparakoT-meTqi, xalxSic davilaparakeb-meTqi da uari miTxra.

4.2.2. konfliqtis pirveli dRe _ 2013 wlis 24 maisi. muslimi Temi samlocvelos SeZenis Semdeg ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi samlocvelos Senobas alagebda da asufTavebda. pirveli locva maT 2013 wlis 24 maiss unda gaemarTaT. am dRis locvas samufTo sammarTvelos warmomadgenelic eswreboda. locvis gamarTvis Taobaze informirebuli iyo soflis rwmunebuli, gulnara nadiraSvilic. daaxloebiT 12:30 saaTze, roca muslimTa mrevli yurans kiTxulobda, samlocveloSi adgilobrivi qristianebis jgufi (50-mde adamiani) SeiWra da Seuracxyofa miayena mlocvelebs. maT aiRes xaliCa, yurani da magida, romelzec wminda wigni ido da quCaSi gamoitanes. am dros SenobasTan iyo misuli soflis rwmunebulic. suliko xozrevaniZis ganmartebiT, im dros samlocveloSi imyofebodnen policielebic, Tumca, arafers akeTebdnen. adgilobrivi xoja ixsenebs: Semocvivda mTvrali xalxi, daiwyes lanZRva-gineba. iqnebodnen 50. Cven xma ar amogviRia. Semogvivardnen, gareT gamogviyares xaliCebi, yurani. policiac maTTan erTad SemoiWra. isini arafers ar akeTebdnen, ubralod eubnebodnen, ar daartyaTo, sxva araferi. media saSualebebis mier 24 maiss Cawerili video masala aCvenebs adgilobrivi qristianebisa da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis pozicias. qristianebi dauSveblad miiCnevdnen qarTul sofelSi muslimuri samlocvelos
47

gaxsnas da miuTiTebdnen, rom amas ar dauSvebdnen.38 kaxeTis sainformacio centrisTvis micemul interviuSi adgilobrivi qristiani, SoTa nadiraSvili, yveba: moindomes meCeTi, sada kaco? Cemma winaparma ver aitana Seviwroeba, muslimanoba. exla aq, am wmida miwaze, Cven daarsebul qristianul sofelSi, amaT moundaT meCeTis aSeneba. Cven cocxali TaviT ar davuSvebT. sisxli daiRvreba. Cven weRan gavafrTxileT isini, rom es arc guriaa da arc lanCxuTi.39 sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis mier Caweril video masalaSi adgilobrivi qristianebi uTiTeben, rom isini ar moiTmenen kaxeTis miwaze meCeTis arsebobas. maT gancxadebebSi Semdegi konceptebi Cans: kaxeTSi ar yofila meCeTi arsad! xalxi marTla ar daTmobs. winaprebs ra vuTxraT, iq rom mivalT! adgilobrivi muslimebi ki uTiTeben, rom maT surT samlocvelos arseboba, Tumca, imis gamo, rom umravlesoba winaaRmdegia, isini iZulebulebi arian daTmon, radan sxva SemTxvevaSi soflis datoveba mouwevT.40 im dros Caweril sajaro gancxadebebSi soflis teritoriuli organos rwmunebuli gulnara nadiraSvili uTiTebda, rom sakiTxi soflis mosaxleobis umravlesobis survilis mixedviT unda gadawyvetiliyo da muslimebs saxlebSi unda elocaT. me xuTi dRis win gavafrTxile eseni, rom mosaxleobas SevxvdeT, mosaxleobis 60-70% Tu Tanaxma iqneba, musulmanuri samlocvelo gaxsnan calke da locvebi Caataron. sofeli rasac gadawyvets, movrigdiT ase. [...] Cvenma xalxma uTxra, rom locva SeaCereT da mibrZandiT aqedano. egeni arian 11 mlocveli, meti ar arian. 11-ma adamianma, 1600 adamiani cxovrobs samTawyaroSi da rogor SeiZleba maTi dapirispireba, Tavi xom unda SevikavoT, ara? me ar vewinaaRmdegebi, xalxi ewinaaRmdegeba. me var maTsa da xalxs Soris Suamavali. wavidnen da saxlebSi ilocon.41 saxalxo damcvelis mier saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosTvis gagzavnil gancxadebaSi, romelSic Seswavlilia samTawyaroSi mimdinare religiuri konfliqti, miTiTebulia, rom 24 maiss, locvis Sewyvetis Semdeg suliko xozrevaniZis mimarT gagrZela muqara, rom Tu muslimebi ar Sewyvetdnen locvas, mas da mis ojaxs problemebi SeeqmnebodaT. emuqrebodnen sxva muslim macxovreblebsac.

38 kaxeTis sainformacio centris mier gadaRebuli video masala, 24.05.2013 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=nIA2Vbrgffs#t=150 39 http://www.ick.ge/articles/14431-i.html 40 sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis mier gadaRebuli video masala 27.05.2013 http://www.myvideo.ge/?video_id=2050942 41 kaxeTis sainformacio centris mier gadaRebuli video masala, 24.05.2013 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=9syVligFQBM#t=146 48

4.2.3. 2013 wls 31 maisis dapirispireba momdevno paraskevs, 2013 wlis 31 maiss, adgilobrivma qristianebma musli mebs locvis aRvlenis saSualeba isev ar misces. samTawyaros macxovreblebma samufTo sammarTvelos warmomadgenlebi sofelSi ar SeuSves da isini Zalis gamoyenebiTa da muqariT ukan gaabrunes. kaxeTis sainformacio centrisTvis micemul interviuSi, qvemo qarTlis mufTi jemal adaZe yveba: movidnen ramdenime manqaniT soflis mcxovrebni, agresiuli ganwyobiT. Cvens megobrebs miayens sityvieri Seuracxofa, maT Soris mec. migviyvanes ZaliT manqanasTan da Sig Segvyares. gveubnebodnen, rom Tu ar davtovebdiT iqaurobas da ar wavidodiT, manqanas dagvimtvrevdnen.42 media saSualebebisa da EMC-is kvlevis jgufis mier Cawerili video masala aCvenebs adgilobrivi qristianebis ganwyobebs. maTi ganmartebiT, muslimi mlocvelebi sofelSi imitom ar SeuSves, rom iq uaresi ar momxdariyo. nu gaakeTeben imas, rom rac dRes moxda da SeiZleba uaresic momxdariyo, kidev ganmeordes. is xalxi Tavisas ambobda, Cven Cvensas. umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom meCeTi ar gaixsnas da amitom ar SemovuSviT sofelSi, arc SemovuSvebT. Tu gonze ar moegebian, SeiZleba iseTi rame moxdes, rom xalxma aq xelCarTuli brZola gamarTos (irma aTabagi, sofel samTawyaros mkvidri).43 am sarwmunoebis winaaRmdeg aravin ar aris. saxlSi SeuZliaT ilocon, rac undaT, is gaakeTon. amaze aravin aris winaaRmdegi. rogorc aseTi, rom oficialurad samlocvelo saxli gaxsnan da yvirili da SeZaxilebi, es ar moxdeba. ar SemovuSvebT sofelSi, rogorc dRes (guram kilaZe, sofel samTawyaros mkvidri).44 31 maiss Caweril interviuebSi dedofliswyaros municipalitetis gamge beli irakli SiolaSvili acxadebs: dapirispirebas adgili ar hqonia. sofelma gamoxata Tavis neba, soflis neba aris uzenaesi adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobisTvis da xalxs rac unda, ise iqneba da xalxis neba aris is, rom ar gakeTdes samlocvelo saxli. rac Seexeba konstituciur uflebas, vin sad ilocos da rogor ilocos, im sam adamians, romlebic am sofelSi cxovroben da surT, rom samlocvelo saxli hqondeT, maT samlocvelo aqvT sakuTar saxlSi mowyobili da 37 wlis ganmavlobaSi loculoben. Sesabamisad, rogorc erT mxares aqvs ufleba, aseve meore mxaresac aqvs ufleba, rom sakuTari Sinagani
42 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 03.06.2013 http://www.ick.ge/articles/14503--videos.html aseve http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=5QnMygYbM2E 43 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 31.05.2013 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=vj6d24cshlU 44 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 31.05.2013 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=vj6d24cshlU 49

pozicia gamoxaton. i. SiolaSvilis gancxadebiT, soflis SesasvlelTan dapirispirebas adgili ar hqonia da es msvleloba samarTlebriv farglebs ar gascdenia. misi SefasebiT, is eTanxmeba xalxis azrs da xalxis azri misTvis uzenaesia.45 4.2.4. 2013 wlis 7 ivniss adgilobriv xojaze ganxorcielebuli zewola 7 ivniss adgilobrivma muslimebma muqaris Sedegad paraskevis tradiciuli locvis erTad aRvlena isev ver SeZles. samlocvelo saxlTan Sekrebili muslimebi locvis dawyebamde daiSalnen, adgilobrivi xoja, suliko xozrevaniZe ki, romelic saaTnaxevris ganmavlobaSi Sinagan saqmeTa saministros (SemdgomSi Sss) TanamSromlebs hyavdaT wayvanili, samlocvelosTan dabrunebis Semdeg SeuZlod gaxda da saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCena dasWirda. kerZod, paraskevs, 7 ivniss, samlocvelo saxlTan adgilobrivi qristianebi dilidan Seikribnen da acxadebdnen, rom samlocvelos gaxsna SeuZlebeli iyo, radgan sofelSi muslimi mrevli saerTod ar arsebobda.46 sofelSi mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi mobilizebuli iyo policia da Sss-s kaxeTis samxareo mTavari sammarTvelos xelmZRvanelebi. policiis maRalCinosnebma adgilobrivi xoja suliko xozrevaniZe locvis dawyebamde saxlidan gaiyvanes. ojaxis wevrebi mas erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi eZebdnen da telefonzec ver ukavSirdebodnen, radgan mobiluri gamorTuli hqonda. rogorc mogvianebiT gairkva, Sss-s TanamSromelbma s. xozrevaniZe parmen cecxlaZis saxlSi miiyvanes. am incidentis Taobaze parmen cecxlaZe da misi deda, ciala cecxlaZe, Semdegs yvebian: atires kaci, ra dReSi Caagdes, mTavrobis xalxi iyo. sulikos daavales samTavrobo xalxma, rom vinc erTad loculobT xolme, Sekribe da adi samlocveloSi, iloce, neba gaqvs darTulio. vin gamovidoda? diliT aq gamoiares gamgeblebma da gviTxres, rom qedelebi arian Camosulebi, jgufjgufad dganano (ciala cecxlaZe). mTavrobis xalxi varTo, wamodiT, iloceT, araa problemao. Cven vuTxariT, zewolaa soflidan da ver vilocebT-meTqi. damisaxeleT, visgan ganicdiT zewolaso. me Cems Tanasoflels ver davasaxeleb. rogor moxdeba iciT? problemebi Segveqmneba (parmen cecxlaZe).47
45 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 03.06.2013 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=j3rTwKgYW4s 46 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 08.06.2013: http://www.ick.ge/articles/14566-i.html aseve http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=KFupORYz9rY 47 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 08.06.2013: http://www.ick.ge/articles/14566-i.html aseve 50

suliko xozrevaniZe samlocvelo saxlTan locvis dawyebamde ramdenime wuTiT adre savaraudod policiis kuTvnili Savi feris jipiT moiyvanes. manqanidan suliko xozrevaniZe daaxloebiT 15 wuTis Semdeg gadmovida. Jurnalistebisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebis winaSe suliko xozrevaniZem moyva, rom pirebi, romlebmac igi waiyvanes Sss-s TanamSromlebi iyvnen. maT mosTxoves salocavSi Sesvla da locva: im pirovnebasTan, parmen cecxlaZesTan viyaviT salaparakod gadasulebi. im pirovnebam Tqva, rom Cven ver vilocebT, radgan mosaxleoba Tanaxma ar ariso. eseni ki gveubnebian, rom aravin ar aris samlocvelosTan, Sedi da iloceo. [...] mrevli gvyavs, magram aq winaaRmdegoba rom iyo, daiSala xalxi.48 gadaRebuli video kadrebi aCvenebs, rom suliko xozrevaniZe daTrgunulia, misTvis gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCenac ki gaxda saWiro.49 mogvianebiT, saxlaxo damcvelis mier gavrcelebul gancxadebaSi miTi Tebuli iyo, rom 7 ivniss Sss-s TanamSromlebi suliko xozrevaniZes dapatimrebiT, cixeSi amolpobiT emuqrebodnen da damcinavad eqceodnen.50

4.2.5. 2013 wlis 14 ivniss reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministris viziti samTawyaroSi 14 ivniss sofel samTawyaroSi reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministri paata zaqareiSvili Cavida. im dRes samlocveloSi Catarebul locvaSi monawiloeba adgilobriv muslimebs ar miuRiaT. locva baTumidan Camosulma muslimTa samufTos warmomadgenlebma aRavlines. kaxeTis sainformacio saagentosTvis micemul ganmartebaSi parmen cecxlaZis deda yveba: xalxi rom winaaRmdegia, amitom ar gadis Cemi Svili salocavad. Cveni soflis gamgebeli xalxs avalebs, rom gagvafrTxilon da samlocveloSi ar wavideT. roca mTeli sofeli geubneba aras, Senc ara unda Tqva.51 media saSualebebis mier Cawerilia dialogi, romelic adgilobriv xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebsa da paata zaqareiSvils Soris Sedga. Tavis gancxadebaSi ministri uTiTebs: [...] Tu Tbilisidan viareT da aseTi sakiTxebi vagvareT, e.i saxelmwifo ar arsebobs. nawili ambobs, rom arian mlocvelebi, nawili ambobs, rom ar arian. me imitom Camovedi, rom Cemi TvaliT vnaxo, kidev
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=g8zLWqX2ux4 48 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 08.06.2013: http://www.ick.ge/articles/14566-i.html aseve http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=pg7CgJvgcy0 49 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=YTfeJ_VjCM8 50 saxalxo damcvelis gancxadeba: http://www.ick.ge/articles/14873-i.html 51 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 15.06.2013 http://www.ick.ge/articles/14649-jjja.html aseve http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=EiNfW_H84t8#t=36 51

Camoval. emociuri dRea, SeiZleba zogma Tavi Seikavos, an piriqiT, xelovnurad moiqces.52 batoni paata zaqareiSvili daeswro muslimTa locvas. locvis dasrulebis Semdeg sruliad saqarTvelos mufTis moadgilem, adam SanTiZem, ministris TandaswrebiT ganacxada, rom samTawyaroeli muslimebi locvas sofelSi arsebuli daZabulobis gamo ar daeswrnen. misive TqmiT, SeTanxmeba ukve miRweulia da samlocvelo Cveul reJimSi gaagrZelebs funqcionirebas: paraskevis locva uproblemod Sesrulda. minda, visargeblo SemTxveviT da yvelas madloba gadavuxado, vinc wvlili Seitana am gaugebrobis amowurvaSi. samwuxarod, locvas adgilobrivi muslimebi ver daeswrnen, zogi ar aris saxlSi, zogic samkviriani fsiqologiuri stresis gamo ver gamoTqvams mzaobas. dRevandeli locvis Catarebas elodnen da amis Semdeg yvelaferi ise gagrZeldeba, rogorc iyo. yovelgvari gaugebroba amowurulia. SeTanxmeba miRweulia da samlocvelo Cveulebriv gaagrZelebs funqcionirebas.53 4.2.6. 2013 wlis 28 ivniss adgilobrivi xojas sacxovrebelSi SeWrisa da mis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis muqaris faqti 28 ivniss samTawyaros samlocveloSi locva muslimTa sammarTvelos warmomadgenlebisa da adgilobrivi xojasa da misi Svilebis monawileobiT Sedga. saRamoTi stumrebis wasvlis Semdeg ki adgilobrivi qristianebis didi jgufi suliko xozrevaniZis saxlSi SeiWra da moiTxova samlocvelos daketva. sxva SemTxvevaSi isini xojas ojaxs saxlis gadawviT an soflidan gasaxlebiT daemuqrnen. adgilze mobilizebuli iyo policiac. incidentis dros da kvlevis procesSi Cawerili interviuebi, romelSic suliko xozrevaniZe da misi ojaxis wevrebi im dRis movlenebs ixseneben, Tanxvedria: 6 saaTi iqneboda, vijeqiT saxlSi, rom gamovixedeT, 200-mde adamiani iyo ezoSi mosuli. vkiTxe, ra gindaT, aq ratom moxvediT-meTqi, aqedan unda gagasaxloTo. sulikos iTxovdnen Zalian, gamoiyvaneT, unda CavqoloTo. SeiZleba saxlSic Semovardniliyvnen. sulikos dac aq iyo da is damexmara, Torem albaT gadamivlidnen, rom waviqeci. fexze maqvs dazianebebi. [...] arada, Cven zemodan gveubnebodnen, yvelaferi mogvarebulia, TqvenTan aravin ar mova, Tqven aravin ar SegawuxebT, magram ager, dRes ra dReSi Cagvyares. amis mere ra moxdeba, ar vici. SiSiT saxlSi ver Sevsulvar, gavaTenoT unda ase gareT, aba, ra vqnaT (emine xozrevaniZe, suliko xozrevaniZis meuRle).
52 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 15.06.2013 http://www.ick.ge/articles/14649-jjja.html aseve http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=iSBEYYmsoEo 53 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 15.06.2013 http://www.ick.ge/articles/14649-jjja.html aseve http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=aq75Iw2I-WE 52

me rom movedi, ukve ezoSi davinaxe xalxi Semosuli. iyo aliaqoTi, Cxubi, muqarebi, rom unda gagasaxloT, 24 saaTs ver icxovrebT, aibargeT da wadiTo (demur xozrevaniZe, xojas Svili). pirdapir saxlSi gvivardebodnen. bavSvebi tirodnen, kiodnen, maSin mogveSvela policia, gaiyvanes WiSkars gareT, idgnen karebSi mere policielebi da ar uSvebdnen WiSkars aqeT. gvlanZRavdnen, yvelaferi gvakadres. gvemuqrebodnen, bazarze ver gamoxvalT, quCaSi ver gamoxvalTo, amaRam CagfufqavTo, dagwvavTo, SemovasxamT benzins, mogcemT cecxls da dagwvavTo (naTela maxaraZe, suliko xozrevaniZis da). dRes iyo paraskevi dRe. muslimTa sammarTvelos warmomadgenlebi iyvnen Camosulebi. mivediT salocavad. aravis araferi ar uTqvams. 6 saaTis Semdeg moawyda xalxi Cems saxls, karebamde movidnen. iyo muqarebi, rom gagasaxlebT, axla kidev miTvlian, rom xval saqonels naxirSi ver gavuSveb, wyals ar mogvcemen, maRaziaSi ver wavalT. 24 saaTSi gasaxldiTo. ratom viloce me da ratom Cemma Svilebma CemTan erTad iloces. eg aris mizezi (suliko xozrevaniZe, xoja). 54 kvlevis procesSi Caweril interviuSi suliko xozrevaniZe uTiTebs, rom is samufTo sammarTvelom Seiyvana SecdomaSi. [...] meubnebodnen, rom yvelaferi mowyobili hqondaT, aravin xmas ar gamcemda, arc raionSi, arc adgilobriv gamgeobaSi. arada, amdeni xalxi Semomivarda, yvirodnen mogklavTo, gagasaxlebTo, qrTamists miwodebdnen. suliko xozrevaniZis ganmartebiT, sawyeni iyo, rom sxva muslimebi mas mxarSi ar daudgnen. Tumca, gamoTqvams eWvs, rom mis msgavsad, albaT sxva muslimebsac emuqrebodnen. Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi policiis qcevis mimarT kritikas gamoTqvams emine xozrevaniZe: policiac aT wuTSi aq gaCnda. albaT aq iyvnen, Torem ase male raionidan ver Camovidodnen. didi xnis ganmavlobaSi idga es xalxi gareT da erTxelac ar uTqvamT, daiSaleTo. ezodan gayvanaSi ki dagvexmarnen. me waviqeci cudad gavxdi da amis gamo daixies ukan. am mimarTebiT niSandoblivia, rom incidentis dros Caweril video masalaSi, policielebi uTiTeben, rom im dRes raime problemas an dapirispirebas adgili ar hqonia.55 Sss-m aRniSnul faqtze gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 151-e muxli safuZvelze daiwyo. aRniSnul faqts 2013 wlis 3 ivliss, premier-ministri biZina ivani Svili preskonferenciaze gamoexmaura: mivmarTav mosaxleobas, rom daemorCi lon kanons. mTel saqarTveloSi aucileblad davicavT religiuri umciresobebis uflebebs. me vfiqrob, is, rac xdeba qveyanaSi, konkretulad
54 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 29.05.2013 http://www.ick.ge/articles/14818--video.html aseve http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Ci0yZtSKISE 55 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 29.05.2013 http://www.ick.ge/articles/14818--video.html aseve http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Ci0yZtSKISE 53

dedofliswyaroSi, aris 9 wliani mmarTvelobis gadmonaSTi da Zalian xSirad xelovnurad inspirirebulia. umetes SemTxvevaSi amis mimalva da miCqmalva xdeboda, ramac Tavi wamoyo dRes. Cven unda davicvaT kanoni da umetes SemTxvevaSi molaparakebiT movaxerxebT da vaiZulebT mosaxleobas, rom xeli ar SeuSalon muslimebs locvaSi. Cven tolerantuli eri varT, meCeTis aSeneba da locvis aRsruleba problema arasdros yofila saqarTveloSi. albaT esec gadmonaSTia postsabWoTa sivrcidan, sadac ZiriTadad aTeizmi iyo damkvidrebuli, Semdeg iyo xelovnurad damyarebuli wesrigi wina xelisuflebis dros. vfiqrob, rom iolad gavarTmevT Tavs, gamosavali arsebobs. baTumSic yofila msgavsi raRac da marneulSic, Tumca Cven SevZlebT da movagvarebT am problemas kanonis sruli simkacriT.56

4.2.7. adgilobrivi xojas mier soflis datoveba da locvis Sewyveta samlocveloSi 2013 wlis 8 ivliss adgilobrivma xojam suliko xozrevaniZem, sofeli samTawyaro datova. Tavis interviuSi xoja uTiTebda: dawynardeba albaT sofeli. salocavSi ar davdivarT, magram mainc aris muqarebi, yoveldRe rom ar gadaifiqroT da gasvla ar gabedoTo. avad var amdeni nerviulobisgan. aWaraSi Svili cxovrobs, Caval da vimkurnaleb. gzaSi var axla. Tavis gancxadebaSi s. xozrevaniZem ganacxada, rom sakuTari ojaxi sofelSi datova, TviTon ki imedovnebs, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi sofelSi situacia Cawynardeba.57

4.2.8. konfliqtis Semdgomi situacia da dRes arsebuli mdgomareoba sofelSi 28 ivnisis Semdeg sofel samTawyaroSi paraskevis locva ar Catarebula. 2013 wlis 10 ivliss sapatriarqoSi Sexvedra Sedga, romelsac samTawyaroSi mcxovrebi pirebi, aseve arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebic eswrebodnen. patriarqma Tavis gancxadebaSi xazi gausva konfliqtis xelovnur xasiaTs: `gamikvirda, rodesac gavige, rom iq raRac uTanxmoebas aqvs adgili. sinamdvileSi araviTari uTanxmoeba ar arsebobs, ubralod, zogierTs surs, rom es ase iyos. zogierTi specialurad aRvivebs am uTanxmoebas. [...] me arasdros ar davuSveb imas, rom daCagruli iyos romelime. ase rom, visac locva mogindebaT, SegiZliaT, CemTan moxvideT da ilocoT. Cven varT erTi xorci da sisxli da Tqven ar unda gaimetoT erTmaneTi, piriqiT, unda daexmaroT. xelovnurad ar unda SevqmnaT es, ar unda movusminoT provokatorebs.58
56 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 05.08.2013 http://www.ick.ge/articles/14914-main.html 57 kaxeTis sainformacio centri, 08.08.2013 http://www.ick.ge/articles/14953-i.html 58 tabula, 10.07.2013 http://www.tabula.ge/ge/story/72835-ilia-meore-sinamdvileshi-aravitari-utanxmoeba-ar-arsebobs 54

adgilobrivi aWarelis, firuz jaianis ganmartebiT, romelic uSualod eswreboda sapatriarqoSi gamarTul Sexvedras (unda aRiniSnos, rom is ar eTanxmeba samTawyaroSi muslimuri samlocvelos aSenebas), im aWareli muslimebis rigidan, vinc salocavis gaxsnamde parmen cecxlaZis saxlSi locvebs eswreboda, aravin yofila. dRes samTawyaroSi samlocvelo aRar funqcionirebs. suliko xozrevaniZis ganmartebiT, konfliqtis Semdeg adgilobriv muslimebs Zala aRar darCaT imis, rom samlocvelo gaxsnan. wavida xalxis daSineba da yvela Tavs ikavebs axla. TviTon samufTom Tu ar gaxsna es samolocvelo, Cven Zala aRar Segvwevs. xalxis winaaRmdeg xom ar wavalT?! (suliko xozrevaniZe). soflis mosaxleoba uTiTebs, rom exla konfliqtze aRaravin saubrobs. aqtiuri muslimebis ganmartebiT, urTierToba iseTi keTilmezobluri, rogorc adre iyo, aRar aris. ciala cecxlaZe kvlevis procesSi Caweril interviuSi uTiTebs: [...] axla aRar gvaqvs iseTi kargi urTierToba, rogorc gvqonda. isini gveubnebian. viyoT ise, rogorc adre. magram Cven veubnebiT, Tqven Tqveni gaitaneT da gagvyareT iqidan. Cven TaTrebi gviZaxes.

4.2.9. sofeli samTawyaros muslimi Temis poziciebi konfliqtis Taobaze oqtombris TveSi kvlevis procesSi adgilobrivi muslimebisgan aRebuli axsna-ganmartebebi aCvenebs, rom konfliqtis mimdinareobis dros maT mimarT adgilobrivi qristianebis mxridan garkveuli zewola xorcieldeboda. amasTan sakuTar konformulobas isini dapirispirebis Tavidan acilebis motiviT xsnian. parmen cecxlaZis deda, ciala cecxlaZe, Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi yveba, rom konfliqtis dRes misi Svili gaafrTxiles rom Tu gareT gavidoda, mas scemdnen. misi TqmiT, is faqti, rom suliko xozrevaniZisgan gansxvavebiT, misi Svilis mimarT Ria agresia ar gamouxatavT im mizeziT aixsneba, rom parmen cecxlaZis ubanSi ufro meti aWareli cxovrobs da mas aWarlebi gamoeqomagnen. sainteresoa im Sefasebebis mimoxilva, romliTac muslimi Temi samlocve los gamo brZolisTvis Tavis danebebas xsnis. [...] Seyares qveyana, ingiloebma amis gamo. Cvenc vTqviT, saCxubari da saomari Cven araferi ar gvaqvso. roca Sevxede, aseTi ambavi xdeboda, sityviTac veraferi gavagebine. [...] moxucebulobaSi namdvilad ar mindoda omSi CarTva. rom gaexsnaT, kargi iqneboda. paraskevis erToblivi locva yvelaze madliani locvaa. marto ver iloceb, mag locvaze xuTi kaci mainc unda iyos (muslimi mlocveli mamakaci, 70 wlis).

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Cveni xalxi daaSines da veRar Sevidnen (adgilobrivi muslimi qali). es aris qristianuli sofeli da xmas aRaravin iRebs samlocvelos gaxsnaze. ratomac ara, gvinda, rom gakeTdes samlocvelo, magram ar gvinda, davZaboT situacia. [...] Cxubi ar gvindoda sarwmunoebis gamo. axlac tardeba paraskevis locvebi, oRond saxlebSi. Tanac, marto es sofeli ar aris winaaRmdegi, raionic winaaRmdegia (muslimi mlocveli mamakaci). skolaSic ki erTmaneTs patarebma wamoaZaxes. amitom iyo winaaRmdegi xalxi, Torem rogorc qristianebs undaT eklesiaSi locva, ise unda Cvens xalxsac, magram TavisTvis gaagrZeles locva TavianT saxlebSi (adgilobrivi muslimi qali).

4.2.10. sofeli samTawyaros marTlmadidebeli Temis Sefasebebi konfliqtis Taobaze mogvianebiT, oqtombris TveSi, sofel samTawyaroSi Catarebuli savele samuSaobis dros adgilobrivi qristianebisgan aRebuli axsna-ganmertebebi msgavsia im Sefasebebisa, romelsac marTlmadidebli Temi konfliqtis mimdi nareobis dros akeTebda da sakiTxis gaazrebaSi maTi atitudebi TiTqmis ar Secvlila. ar moxdeba amis daSveba. SeiZleba cudi ambebi datrialdes da ramodenime ingilo daiWiron kidec amisTvis, magram meCeTis mSeneblobas aq ar dauSveben. ar SeiZleba aseTi rame, daanebon am xalxs Tavi. [...] iq [igulisxmeba aWara] xom aris meCeTebi, wavidnen da iq ilocon. am xalxs daanebon Tavi. kaxeTSi rogor SeiZleba meCeTis gakeTeba? (adgilobrivi qristiani mamakaci). minareTs da magaT yvirils veravin ver aitans aq (adgilobrivi qristiani qali). araviTari xelSeSla ar yofila manam, sanam es samlocvelo ar gaixsneboda. mec meuxerxuleba es ambavi, sxvaTa Soris. amdeni xnis manZilze kaxeTSi ar yofila meCeTi da Cven, aWarlebma ratom unda gavakeToT es. ratom gavifuWoT saxeli (aWareli ekomigranti, aTeisti). kvlevis procesSi Caweril interviuSi soflis rwmunebuli gulnara nadiraSvili yveba, rom araviTar dapirispirebas sofelSi adgili ar hqonia da uaryofs yvela im Zaladobriv incidents, romelic konfliqtis mimdinareobis dros muslimebis mimarT ganxorcielda. misi TqmiT, sofelSi muslimebi faqtobrivad aRar arian. metic, rwmunebulis ganmartebiT, adgilobriv aWarlebs gamoTqma muslimi aWareli Seuracxyofad miaCniaT, radgan maTi umravlesoba gaqristianda da mxolod 2-3 kaci darCa islamis rwmenaze. mkvlevaris kiTxvaze, rogori iqneboda misi pozicia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sofelSi 50 muslimi mlocveli samlocvelos gaxsnas moindomebda, g. nadiraSvilma
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miuTiTa, rom zafxulSi arc erT muslims ar gamouxatavs Tanxmoba salocavis gaxsnaze, Torem amis problema ar dadgeboda: gaxsnidnen samlocvelos. Tundac sami kaci yofiliyo, maT hqondaT ufleba, gaexsnaT samlocvelo. igive pozicias iziarebs dedofliswyaros sakrebulos deputati avTandil SaniZe. Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi is uTiTebs, rom raime dapirispirebas, maT Soris, suliko xozrevanizis saxlSi SeWris faqts adgili ar hqonia da es informacia damaxinjebulad gavrcelda mediaSi. misi TqmiT, mizezi, romlis gamoc samTawyaroSi samlocvelo ar gaixsna, is faqti iyo, rom sofelSi muslimebi ar arsebobdnen. [...] Cven ar varT is adamianebi, rom sarwmunoebis gamo vinmes win davudgeT. Cven kargad viciT, rom mTavaria adamiani iyos da mniSvneloba ar aqvs, sad iloceben. mrevli ar hyavT da sul es aris. maT SeuZliaT gamovidnen da Tqvan, rom undaT locva. moiyvanon adamianebi, visac locva unda da daafiqsiron TavianTi azri. kvlevis procesSi adgilobriv mRvdel nikolozTan Caweril interviuSi, sasuliero piri uTiTebs, rom konfliqti xelovnurad iyo gazviadebuli da agresiuli adamiani sofelSi mas ar unaxavs.

4.3. mxareTa Sefasebebi konfliqtis mizezebis Taobaze 4.3.1. konfliqtis politikuri konteqstebi adgilobrivi Temebis, xelisuflebisa da sasuliero pirebisgan aRebuli axsna-ganmartebebi gamoavlens ramdenime politikur Teorias, romliTac isini samTawyaroSi mimdinare konfliqtis axsnas cdiloben. pirveli Teoria arCevnebis Semdeg Seqmnil politikur konteqsts ukavSirdeba, meore Teoria ki am process sagareo Zalis mier gamuslimanebis mcdelobebs ukavSirebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom konfliqtis mxareebis teqstebSi pirveli Teoria ise pirdapir ar fiqsirdeba, rogorc es nigvziansa da winwyaroSi moxda. metic, arCevnebis gamo an mis Semdeg ZiriTadi politikuri Zalebis mier konfliqtis provocirebis idea kvlevis procesSi rigiTi adgilobrivebisgan aRebul axsnaganmartebebSi arc ki Cans. gamokiTxul pirebs Soris am Teoriis farglebSi varaudebs mxolod dedofliswyaros sakrebulos deputati avTandil SaniZe da suliko xozrevaniZe gamoTqvamen. maTi mosazrebebi urTierTsawinaaRmdegoa da amasTan ar emTxveva nigvzianisa da winwyaros SemTxvevebSi warmodgenil Teoriebs, romelic arCevnebis dros wina xelisuflebis mier salocavis gaxsnaze dapirebis gacemis an arCevnebis Semdeg erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis mier konfliqtis ganzrax provocirebis versiebs moicavda. sakrebulos deputati ganmartavs: suliko xozrevaniZes CamosvlisTanave, 10-15 wlis winidan moyolebuli, hqonda es survili. magram mas veubnebodiT,
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rom ar hyavda mrevli da amas gagrZeleba ar eqneba. maSin man es gaigo da dawynarda. bolo dros ufro imedi mieca. albaT wina xelisuflebis dros fiqrobda, rom SezRudva eqneboda, axali xelisuflebis mosvlis dros ki Tavisufleba igrZno. SesaZloa, ase fiqrobda. suliko xozrevaniZe Tavis axsna ganmartebaSi acxadebs: es iyo raRac xelovnuri dapirispireba. [...] erTeulebis intersi iyo es yvelaferi. [...] Cveni mrwamsis mixedviT, Cven unda davemorCiloT mTavrobas, miuxedavad imisa, misi politika misaRebia Tu ara CemTvis. [...] nacionalebs albaT axali xelisuflebis gadagdeba undodaT da albaT ase awyobdaT momxdariyo es ambavi. gamgebeli qarTuli ocnebidan aris. rac Seexeba meore Teorias, romelic dominanturia da sagareo safrTxeebze uTiTebs. adgilobrivi qristianebi acxadeben, rom konfliqtis gaRviveba sagareo Zalis CareviT moxda da is garemoeba, rom samTawyaro sazRvispira sofelia, ganzrax gamoiyenes. Tumca, am nawilSi maTi Sefasebebi ar aris konkretuli da saingilosTan dakavSirebiT koleqtiur cnobierebaSi arsebuli istoriuli narativiT unda iyos ganpirobebuli. sadme sxvagan gaexsnaT. magaT arasodes ar undodaT samlocvelos gaxsna. zemodan STaagones ubralod. saxlic uyides amisTvis. [...] sagarejos raionSic arian Casaxlebuli aWarlebi, ratom iq ar gaxsnes samlocvelo? aq albaT marTla gaaRvives es ambavi, sazRvarTan axlos rom aris es sofeli (samTawyaros sajaro skolis direqtori, varlam TagiSvili). es sofeli azerbaijanis sazRvarzea da magitom Caasaxles aq aWarlebi. sisxli rom daiRvaros. azerbaijans xom surs, rom miwa wagvarTvas?! (adgilobrivi qristiani mamakaci). sagareo safrTxeebis Taobaze Teorias iziarebs adgilobrivi qristiani mRvdeli nikolozic. qvemoT warmodgenilia fragmenti kvlevis farglebSi Cawerili misi interviudan: [...]rogor fiqrobT, rogor SeiZleba dapyroba qveynis? sadac ar aris komunikacia. gaTiSe da ibatone, iq ufro advilia. rogor vcxovrobdiT aqamde? Tu vinmes zaris xma awuxebs, SeuZlia datovos es qveyana da wavides, es qveyana ese arsebobda. [...] imaTma rom dafinanseba moipoves, amas ra mohyveboda, yvelam kargad icis. TurqeTia mowadinebuli, rom hqondes saqarTveloSi dasayrdeni, Tu moxda omi, gana ityvian, rom saqarTvelo unda daipyron. ityvian, rom maTi religia moiTxovs. imas yvela musulmani daudgeba gverdSi. usafrTxoebis wesebia. 4.3.2. aWareli muslimebis identoba da maTi indoqtrinaciis procesi sofel samTawyaroSi adgilobrivi Temebis axsna-ganmartebebis analizi aCvenebs, rom sxva regionebis msgavsad, samTawyaroSic adgilobrivi qristianebisTvis identoba `muslimi aWareli miuRebelia da mas damakninebeli epiTetebiT moixsenieben. aWareli muslimebis mimarT amgvari damokidebuleba maTTvis gansakuTrebiT
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mtkivneuli da damTrgunvelia. adgilobrivi aWareli muslimi kaci Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi uTiTebs: aWarlebi varT da amboben, TaTrebi ariano. me qarTveli var da yvelafers gavakeTeb saqarTvelosTvis. magram muslimi var, amaSi ar aris winaaRmdegoba. me rwmenas mainc ar Sevicvli, romc CamomaxrCon, magram viRac pirvelive winaaRmdegobis gamo icvlis rwmenas. ufro emociuria adgilobrivi muslimi qalbatonis Sefaseba: skolaSi yofila amis gamo SexlaSemoxla. Cemi Svili movida da mekiTxeba, deda me ra varo? e.i raRac moxda. me vupasuxe, qarTveli xar _ meTqi. muslimi varo? vuTxari, ra vici, Sen jer arc mogvinaTlixar da arc araferi da gaizrdebi da TviTon gadawyvet-meTqi. jer ar xar muslimi, ase gadaeci, vinc rames getyvis-meTqi. etyoba, raRac moxda bavSvebSi, Torem me-5 klasel bavSvs eg TavSi azrad ar mouvidoda. adgilobrivi qristianebi miiCneven, rom aWareli muslimebi aucileblad unda gaqristiandnen da arsebuli istoriuli narativebis gamoyenebiT Tavs uflebas aZleven muslimi aWarlebis uflebebis SezRudva gaamarTlon. adgilobrivi qristiani mamakaci acxadebs: adre rom xocavdnen da aiZulebdnen, rom islami mieRoT, axla xom aRar aris ase?! miiRon axla qristianoba. [...] unda gaigon, rom qristianebi arian da isev qristianebad darCnen. [...] unda gainaTlo, rodesac ici, rom adre Seni mama-papa qristiani iyo. am Temaze gaqristianebuli aWarlebis damokidebuleba kidev ufro radikaluria: CemTvis, rogorc qarTveli kacisTvis aris miuRebeli, rom am sofelSi daidges minareTi. mrcxvenia egeTi qarTvelis. rogor saqarTveloSi gindodes Turqulad iloco, rac gesmis, is oloce ra! ro kiTxo, raze loculob, ver gipasuxebs ubralod dazepirebuli aqvT. xom viciT istoria, rom ZaliT gagvamusulmanes. viRacam Tqva, rom rogorc es aris qarTveli, mec iseTive var, ar aris ese (aWareli qristiani, 30 wlamde mamakaci). am mimarTebiT gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa adgilobrivi sajaro skolis maswavleblebis mosazrebebi. kiTxvaze, aqvT Tu ara adgilobriv muslimebs salocavis gaxsnis ufleba, skolis direqtorma varlam TagiSvilma miuTiTa, rom konstituciurad maT es ufleba aqvT, Tumca, ara moralurad. am midgomas direqtori saingiloSi qristianebis Seviwroebis istoriiT asabuTebs: Cemi mama-papis miwaze azerbaijanelebi cxovroben kaxis raionSi. 3 wlis yofila mamaCemi iqidan rom gamousaxlebiaT. Turme Zalian aviwrovebdnen da ZaliT SehyavdaT qristianebi meCeTSi. iqidan wamosulan 30-ian wlebSi. swored es aris mTavari problema. iqidan gamoviqeciT da aqac aseTi situacia unda iyoso? amave midgomas iziarebs skolis saswavlo nawili: [...] iqidan wamovidnen imis gamo, rom muslimuri saxelmwifo iyo da aviwrovebdnen. aq Camovidnen, ifiqres qristianulad vilocebTo da aqac meCeTis arseboba maTTvis namdvilad ar aris sasurveli. am midgomas aZlierebs eklesiis damokidebulebac. adgilobrivi qristiani mRvdeli nikolozi qristianebisa da muslimebis Tanasworobis Taobaze dasmul SekiTxvaze amgvarad pasuxobs: SeiZleba gavaTanabroT yvela ena erTianad? raRaca upiratesoba ar unda qondes marTlmadidebels? [...] qristianoba da
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qarTveloba iyo ese erTad gaigivebuli. Sen rom SemogiSvi, SeiZleba gamasaxlo? rasac akeTeben, ilocon, aravin giSlis, mara es aris provokaciuli gamoxtoma. minareTi, mola avides da daiwyos kivili.

4.4. konfliqtis mxareTa Sefasebebi konfliqtis daregulirebis procesSi ZiriTadi aqtorebis mier Sesrulebuli rolis Sesaxeb 4.4.1. sofeli samTawyaros muslimi Temis Sefasebebi muslimi Temis SefasebiT, konfliqtis gaRvivebas xeli adgilobrivma xelisuflebam Seuwyo. muslimebis miTiTebiT soflis rwmunebuli, gulnara nadiraSvili, uSualod iyo CarTuli konfliqtSi da konfliqtis mxaris rols TamaSobda. adgilobrivi xoja, suliko xozrevaniZe, Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi ixsenebs: ambobda, winaaRmdegi var, rom ilocoo. da saerTod samlocvelos arsebobis winaaRmdegi iyo. iloceT im saxlSio. oficialurad ar aris saWiroo. qristianuli sofelia, yvela unda gaqristiandeso. adgilobrivi aWareli muslimi ciala cecxlaZe uTiTebs, rom soflis rwmunebuli Tavadac aqezebda ingiloebs: gamgebeli dayveboda mag xalxs da xels uwyobda. ar gvinda samlocvelo da meCeTio, Tu gindaT, wadiTo. muslimi Temis ganmartebiT, centraluri xelisufleba am procesSi arasakmarisad Caeria. zogierTi maTganis aRqmiT, xelisuflebis pasiuroba imiT unda aixsnas, rom masac ar surda samlocvelos Senoba samTawyaroSi da solidaruli iyo adgilobrivi qristianebis mimarT.

4.4.2. sofeli samTawyaros marTlmadidebeli Temis Sefasebebi adgilobriv qristianebs gansakuTrebuli loialoba ar aqvT xelisuflebis mimarT. zogierTi maTgani im mosazrebasac aviTarebs, rom samlocvelos aSeneba xelisuflebis mier xelSewyobili procesi iyo politikuri mxardaWeris miRebis mizniT. maTi SefasebiT, is faqti, rom samlocvelo sofelSi ar funqcionirebs, sakuTari radikalizmis damsaxurebaa: me vici, rom aq meCeTi ar aSendeba. gadawyvetilia es. Tu mTavroba Seicvleba, ar vici, magram axla ar aSendeba (qristiani kaci). saxelmwifos rols qristianebi imaSi xedaven, rom man xeli Seuwyo Zaladobis prevencias. adgilobrivi qristiani qalbatonis ganmartebiT, rom ara adgilobrivi xelisuflebisa da policiis Zalisxmeba, muslimebi da qristianebi daxocavdnen erTmaneTs.

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5. religiuri konfliqtebis mogvarebis procesSi saxelmwifos mier Sesrulebuli rolis Sefaseba

5.1. zogadi mimoxilva winamdebare TavSi gaanalizebulia sofel nigvzianSi, winwyarosa da samTawyaroSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtebis mSvidobiani da samarTliani gadawyvetis mizniT saxelmwifos mier gatarebuli politika. saxelmwifos rolis Sefasebis dros kvleva iyenebs xuT ZiriTad kriteriums, romelic efeqtianobis, Tanasworobisa da sekularizmis principebidan gamomdinareobs. es kriteriumebia: 1. konfliqtis efeqturi da drouli aRkveTa; 2 konfliqtis mSvidobiani da samarTliani gadawyveta; 3. sekularuli CarCos dacva; 4. religiis Tavisuflebisa da Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofa; 5. konfliqtebis prevenciis mizniT zogadi xasiaTis pozitiuri RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba. aRniSnuli kriteriumebi liberaluri, samoqalaqo-sekularuli diskursidan gamomdinareobs da aqsiologiuri gagebiT Tanxvedri, arakonfliqturia. religiur konfliqtebSi saxelmwifos CarTulobis analizi aCvenebs, rom misi Zalisxmeva ZiriTadad mimarTuli iyo Zaladobrivi dapirispirebebis Tavidan acilebisken da ar gaaCnda konfliqtebis kompleqsuri, samarTliani da religiis Tavisuflebis pativiscemaze dafuZnebuli gadawyvetis xedva/ strategia. saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebi iziarebdnen konfliqtebis konspiraciul Teoriebs da sakuTar xedvaSi dakarges konfliqtebis realuri gaazrebisa da Sesabamisad, maTze adekvaturi da samarTliani reagirebis SesaZlebloba. saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebis sajaro gancxadebebis diskursanalizi aCvenebs, rom muslimi Temis uflebebis SezRudvis aSkara faqtebis miuxedavad, isini ar aRiarebdnen muslimi Temis uflebebis darRvevas da amis sawinaaRmdegod, umravlesobis uflebebis dacvis mniSvnelobaze uTiTebdnen, riTac loialobas avlendnen dominanti jgufis mimarT (ix. zemoT qveTavi 2.2.2). konfliqtebis mimdinareobis dros saxelmwifom uari Tqva, misi, rogorc adamianis uflebebis dacvis eqskluziuri garantoris rolis Sesrulebaze da maTi mogvareba religiur aqtorebs, sinamdvileSi ki domimant religiur organizacias (romelic seriozul politikur Zalauflebas flobs) gadaando, ramac sekularuli CarCos darRveva da isedac araTanabar pirobebSi myofi umciresobis mimarT usamarTlo mopyroba ganapiroba. saxelmwifos monawileoba konfliqtebis mogvarebaSi ZiriTadad konf liqtis regionebSi policiis pasiur mobilizaciaSi, situaciis Seswavlis mizniT adgilebze saxelmwifo warmomadgenlebis vizitebsa da religiur liderebsa da Temebs Soris molaparakebebis fasilitaciaSi gamoixata. niSandoblivia, rom saxelmwifos mcdelobebi ar gascdenia politikuris ganzomilebas da man araferi gaakeTa konfliqtebis mimdinareobis dros
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konkretuli pirebis mier gamovlenili Zaladobis, Zaladobrivi ganzraxvebis aRkveTisa da SemdgomSi maTze adekvaturi samarTlebrivi reagirebis mizniT. samwuxarod, am mimarTebiT premier-ministris mier gakeTebuli ramdenime mniSvnelovani sajaro gancxadeba, romelSic is religiuri umciresobebis uflebebis dacvis mniSvnelobasa da samarTaldarRvevis konkretul faqtebze saTanado reagirebis aucileblobaze miuTiTebda, mxolod deklaraciul xasiaTebs atarebda da konkretul qmedebebSi ar gadazrdila. saxelmwifos mier gatarebuli amgvari politikis uaryofiTi Sedegebi konfliqtebis dinamikur analizSi kargad vlindeba. kerZod, 1. nigvzianis konfliqtis Semdeg religiuri konfliqtebi gamovlinda sxva msgavsi tipis (religiuri TvalsazrisiT Sereul) sociumebSi, sofel winwyarosa da samTawyaroSi. saxelmwifom ver SeuSala xeli konfliqtebis gavrcelebas da metic, waaxalisa kidec isini, rac konfliqtebis gadawyvetis procesSi misi pasiuri rolis gaTvaliswinebiT ganWvretadic iyo; 2. konfliqtebis mimdinareobis suraTi aCvenebs, rom yoveli momdevno konfliqti adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis kuTxiT ufro did masStabsa da intensivobas aRwevda. konfliqtebis xangrZlivobis, iseve rogorc dominanti religiuri jgufis mier gamovlenili Zaladobis xarisxis SedarebiTi analizi (magaliTad, sofel samTawayroSi konfliqti erT Tveze met xans grZeldeboda da dafiqsirda Zaladobis/Zaladobrivi ganzraxvis ramdenime rTuli epizodi) am mtkicebis validurobas adasturebs; 3. konfliqtebis gadawyveta yovel momdevno konfliqtSi umciresobebis mier uflebebis ufro meti daTmobis xarjze ganxorcielda. kerZod, winwyaroSi Sedga SeTanxmeba sxva soflebSi mcxovrebi muslimebisTvis locvis akrZalvis Taobaze, sofel samTawyaroSi ki muslimma Temma, mZime dapirispirebisa da muqarebis Sedegad (ix. zemoT qveTavebi 4.2.2; 4.2.4; 4.2.7; 4.2.9), saerTod uari Tqva samlocvelos funqcionirebaze. pasiuri rolisa da masTan dakavSirebuli uaryofiTi Sedegebis garda, konfliqtebis dinamikis analizi saxelmwifos rolis kidev ufro negatiuri gaazrebis saSualebas iZleva. nigvzianisa da winwyarosgan gansxvavebiT, sadac saxelmwifo pasiur rols TamaSobda da pozitiuri valdebulebebis qveS nagulisxmeb moTxovnebs59 ar pasuxobda, samTawyaros konfliqtSi saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebi (Sss-s TanamSromlebi, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebi) konfliqtis mxaris rols asrulebdnen da aSkarad da pirdapir arRvevdnen religiuri neitralitetis princips (ix. zemoT 4.2.4.). miuxedavad imisa, rom winamdebare kvlevaSi calke ar aris Sefasebuli sofel WelaSi (adigenis municipaliteti) 2013 wlis 26 agvistos ganviTarebuli movlenebi, sadac saxelmwifom (centralurma xelisuflebam) uSualod ganaxorciela minareTis demontaJi da es procesi represiuli aparatis (demontaJis operaciis
59 Guidelines for review of Legislation pertaining ro religion or belief, prepared by the OSCE/ODIHR advisory panel of experts on freedom of religion or belief in consultation with the European Commission for democracy through law (Venice commission), adopted by the venice commission, venice, 18-19 June 2004. Available at: http://www.osce.org/odihr/13993 62

dros muslimi Temis winaaRmdeg araproporciuli Zalis gamoyeneba, maTi dakaveba da sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna) gamoyenebiT ganaxorciela60, Welas minareTis demontaJis SemTxvevis gansaxilvel sam religiur konfliqtTan kavSirSi ganxilva aCvenebs, rom dinamikaSi saxelmwifos pasuxismgebloba pozitiuridan (darRvevis aRkveTa/prevencia) negatiur (uSualod uflebis damrRvevi) bunebaSi gadaizarda da drois gasvlasTan erTad, saxelmwifos mier adamianis uflebebis darRvevam ufro uxeSi xasiaTi miiRo.

5.2. konfliqtebis drouli da efeqturi aRkveTis mizniT saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli politikis analizi sofel nigvzianSi, winwyarosa da samTawyaroSi mimdinare konfliqtebis dros dominanti religiuri jgufis qcevaSi ikveTeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsisa da saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis relevanturi muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli samarTaldarRvevis niSnebi, rac saxelmwifos mxridan droul da adekvatur samarTlebriv reagirebas moiTxovda. kerZod, faqtobrivi garemoebebi aCvenebs, rom sofel nigvzianSi adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli Temis warmomadgenlebma gaakeTes muqaris Semcveli ara erTi gancxadeba muslimi mlocvelebis, gansakuTrebiT ki am Temis liderebis mimarT. 2012 wlis 2 noembers nigvzianSi ramdenime adgilobrivi qristiani ZaliT SeiWra salocavis teritoriaze da Zaladobis muqariT Seecada xeli SeeSala religiuri wesis aRsrulebisTvis (ix. zemoT qveTavi 2.2.2). sofel winwyaroSi 2012 wlis 29 da 30 noembers Cawerili video masala da interviuebi aseve uTiTebs muqarisa da religiuri wesis aRsrulebisTvis xelSeSlis mcdelobaze adgilobrivi qristianebis mxridan (ix. zemoT qveTavi 3.2.2). sofel samTawyaroSi, sadac Ria konfliqti ufro xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda, dafiqsirda Zaladobrivi qcevis ramdenime damoukidebeli epizodi: 2013 wlis 24 maiss adgilobrivi qristianebis nawili SeiWra muslimi Temis salocavSi, salocavidan gamouyara religiuri nivTebi, atributika da CaSala dagegmili locva (ix. zemoT qveTavi 4.2.2); 2013 wlis 31 maiss samTawyaros macxovreblebma gadaketes sofelSi Sesasvleli gza, muslimTa sammarTvelos warmomadgenlebi sofelSi ar SeuSves da isini Zalis gamoyenebiTa da muqariT ukan gaabrunes (ix. zemoT qveTavi 4.2.3); 2013 wlis 7 ivliss savaraudod Sss-s TanamSromlebis mier ganxorcielda iZuleba adgilobrivi xojas, suliko xozrevaniZis mimarT (ix. zemoT qveTavi 4.2.4); 2013 wlis 28 ivniss adgilobrivi qristianebis didi jgufi suliko xozrevaniZis saxlSi SeiWra da mosTxova samlocvelos daketva (ix. zemoT qveTavi 4.2.6). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, isini xojas ojaxs saxlis gadawviT an soflidan gasaxlebiT daemuqrnen. sabolood, ki ganxorcielebuli muqarisa
60 arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa erToblivi gancxadeba sofel WelaSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb, xelmisawvdomia: http://gdi.ge/?p=403 63

da devnis Sedegad, suliko xozrevaniZe iZulebuli gaxda, sofeli daetovebina (ix. zemoT qveTavi 4.2.7). zemoT aRniSnuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi prima facie uTiTeben sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 142-e (adamianis Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva), 150-e (iZuleba), 151-e (muqara), 152-e (adgilsamyofelis Tavisuflad arCevis uflebis xelyofa), 155-e (religiuri wesis aRsrulebisTvis ukanonod xelis SeSla) muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis, aseve administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 166-e muxliT (wvrilmani xulignoba) gan sazRvruli samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis niSnebs. Tumca, policiam adgilze yofnis miuxedavad, gamovlenili samarTaldarRvevis faqtebi ar aRkveTa da mxolod pasiuri damkvirveblis roliT Semoifargla.61 SemdgomSic saxelmwifom ver uzrunvelyo efeqturi gamoZiebis Catareba gamovlenil savaraudo danaSaulebze. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros 2013 wlis 30 oqtombris werilis Sesabamisad, sofel nigvzianSi 2012 wlis 2 noembers muslimebis mimarT religiuri wesebis Sesrulebisas ukanono xelSeSlas, Zaladobas, muqaras da religiuri grZnobebis Seuracxyofas adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mier adgili ar hqonia, rac dadasturebulia saqmeSi arsebuli mowmeTa CvenebebiT. amJamad ki aRniSnul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 155-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT mimdinareobs. Sss-s informaciiT, TeTriwyaros raionul sammarTveloSi Semovida Setyobineba 2012 wlis 30 noembers sofel winwyaroSi Casatarebel locvasTan dakavSirebiT sityvieri Seuracxyofis faqtze, Tumca imis rom, rom mocemuli informacia ar Seicavda sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis niSnebs gamoZieba ar dawyebula.62 samTawyaros konfliqtTan dakavSirebiT ki Sss-m miuTiTa, rom am etapze mimdinareobs gamoZieba religiuri wesis aRsrulebisTvis ukanonod xelis SeSlis faqtTan dakavSirebiT, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 155-e muxlis pirveli nawilis safuZvelze.63 religiuri konfliqtebis mimdinareobis dros samarTaldamcavi organoebis qcevis amgvari taqtikis mniSvneloba saqarTvelos iusticiis ministrma 2012 wlis 5 noembris gancxadebaSi ganmarta, roca miuTiTa, rom xelisufleba ar apirebda Zalis demonstrirebasa da arsebuli problemebis regulirebis saSualeba jer religiur organizaciebs unda miscemoda (ix. zemoT qveTavi 2.2.2). amgvari midgoma kritikas ver uZlebs ramdenime samarTlebrivi da politikuri xasiaTis argumentis gamo: 1. gansaxilvel saqmeebSi policiis umoqmedoba
61 SeniSvna: aRniSnuls mtkicebas iziarebs arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da saxaldo damcvelis mier gakeTebuli gancxadebebic: http://gyla.ge/geo/news?info=1630; http://ombudsman.ge/index.php?page=1001&lang=0&id=1744 62 SeniSvna: sasaflaoze jvris moWris incidentTan dakavSirebiT gamoZieba Sewyda, radgan dazianebis mimyenebeli piris qmedebiT saxelmwifos mniSvnelovani materialuri ziani (150 larze meti) ar misdgomia. 63 adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centris (EMC) moTxovnis pasuxad saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier gamogzavnili werili (#2161149), 30.10.2013. 64

winaaRmdegobaSi movida kanonierebis moTxovnasTan da saxelmwifos pozitiur valdebulebasTan _ daicvas kerZo pirebis mier sxva pirebis darRveuli uflebebi; 2. policiis mxridan Caurevlobis taqtikam da amiT dausjelobis sindromis xelSewyobam gamoiwvia konfliqtis gavrceleba da misi eskalacia. 3. saxelmwifos amgvari midgoma diskriminaciul xasiaTs atarebda, radgan `Zalis demonstrirebis uaryofis politika saxelmwifom mxolod umravlesobis, dominanti jgufis mimarT gamoiyena, Tumca, rodesac problema sofel WelaSi Seiqmna da adgilobrivma muslimma Temma gaaprotesta saxelmwifos mier meCeTis minareTis demontaJi, xelisuflebam misi represiuli meqanizmebi masStaburad gamoiyena umciresobis winaaRmdeg. 4. saxelmwifos mier misi, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa dacvis eqskluziuri garantoris, mniSvnelobis TviTdevalvaciam sekularuli wonasworoba kidev ufro daarRvia da sajaro reprezentaciaSi saxelmwifos roli daasusta. saero xelisuflebis dasustebis yvelaze aSkara magaliTs 2012 wlis 17 maiss homofobiisa da tranfobiis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTaSoriso dResTan dakavSirebiT ganviTarebuli movlenebi warmoadgens, roca saxelmwifom saeklesio xelisuflebis mier organizebuli kontrdemonstracia ver SeaCera64 da misi mcdelobebi, daecva Sekrebis Tavisufleba, aSkarad araefeqturi da ususuri aRmoCnda. 17 maisis movlenebi gascda konkretuli jgufis uflebebis dacvis sakiTxs da man ZalauflebisTvis/sajaro sivrcisTvis brZolaSi saxelmwifos damarcxebisa da saeklesio xelisuflebis mier sekularuli sajaro sivrcis dapyrobis simboluri mniSvneloba SeiZina.

5.3. konfliqtis mSvidobiani da samarTliani gadawyvetis mizniT saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli politikis analizi konfliqtis mSvidobiani da samarTliani gadawyveta saxelmwifosgan erTi mxriv, kanonis uzenaesobisa da adamianis uflebebis ganuxrel dacvasa da meore mxriv, solidaruli sazogadoebis mSeneblobis mizniT saTanado informaciuli politikis ganxorcielebas moiTxovs. konfliqtebis samarTliani gadawyvetis mizniT saxelmwifos mier gatarebuli politikis Sefasebisas ikveTeba ramdenime mniSvnelovani garemoeba, romelmac ganapiroba saxelmwifos politikis usamarTloba da amavdroulad misi manifestacia moaxdina: 1. problemis zusti identificirebisa da sruli suraTis danaxvis problema; 2. umravlesobisa da umciresobis uflebrivi mimarTebebis araswori gaazreba. 3. konfliqtebis gadawyvetis procesSi saxelmwifos pasiuri roli da konfliqtebis gadawyvetis kompetenciis gadandoba religiuri aqtorebisTvis.

64 arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa gancxadeba 17 maisis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT, xelmisawvdomia: http://gyla.ge/geo/news?info=1581 65

konfliqtebis gadawyvetis mizniT saxelmwifos mier gatarebuli politikis usamarTlobis pirvelad mizezad saxelmwifos is midgoma unda Sefasdes, romelic imTaviTve uaryofda gamovlenili konfliqtebis namdvilobas, dominanti jgufis mier muslimi Temis uflebebis darRvevis faqts da konspiraciis Taobaze sxvadasxva politikuri Teoriis gamoyenebiT ugulebelyofda konfliqtis adgilebSi arsebul realur problemebs. konfliqtebis analizis dros saxelmwifo operirebda mxolod politikur diskursSi da ukuagdo samarTlis ganzomileba, riTac dakarga samarTliani da adamianis uflebebis xedvaze dafuZnebuli politikis gatarebis SesaZlebloba. konfliqtebis dros identificirebuli problemebis analizi aCvenebs, rom politikur da socialur doneze arsebobs religiuri umciresobebis uflebebis dacvisa da Seuwynareblobis realuri problema, rac saxelmwifosgan misi religiuri politikis sistemur gadasinjvas moiTxovs. Tumca, ar Cans, rom saxelmwifo am saWiroebas iziarebs. ufro konkretulad, konfliqtebis analizis dros gamovlinda saxelmwifos mier religiuri organizaciebis dafinansebis usamarTlo wesisa da praqtikis, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis mier religiuri neitralitetis darRvevis, muslimi aWarlebis indoqtrinaciis, sajaro skolebSi prozelitizmis tendenciebi, rac saxelmwifom nizgvianis, winwyarosa da samTawyaros konfliqtebis Sefasebis dros ugulebelyo. konfliqtebis mimdinareobis dros saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebi sajaro gancxadebebSi uTiTebdnen, rom religiuri umciresobebis uflebebi ar darRveula (ix. zemoT qveTavi 2.2.2). amasTan, gancxadebebSi isini xazs usvamdnen, rom umravlesobasac aqvs uflebebi da unda damyardes gonivruli balansi am interesebs Soris. im pirobebSi, rodesac adgilobrivi muslimi TemisTvis salocavis funqcionireba ar modioda konfliqtSi legitimur sajaro interesTan (salocavis funqcionireba ar iyo dakavSirebuli xmaurTan, biujetidan dafinansebis miRebasTan) maTi uflebis SezRudvaze miTiTeba, miT ufro, rodesac dominanti jgufis pretenziebi salocavis gaxsnis akrZalvaze aSkarad ukanono da gaumarTlebeli iyo, arRvevda liberaluri demokratiis fundamentur princips, romelic umciresobebis uflebebis dacvis sasargeblod umravlesobis nebis, vnebebis SezRudvas gulisxmobs. premierministris gancxadebebis garda (ix. zemoT qveTavebi 3.2.2; 4.2.6), romelic calsaxad pozitiurad unda Sefasdes, sxva saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebis gancxadebebi ZiriTadad ar Seicavda religiuri umciresobebis uflebebis dacvisa da maTi pativiscemisken pirdapir mowodebas. konfliqtebis gadawyveta saxelmwifom mTlianad gadaando religiur aqtorebs da TviTon fasilitatoris funqciiT Semoifargla. nigvzianis religiuri konfliqtis gadawyvetis mizniT SeTanxmeba religiur liderebsa da marTlmadidebeli da muslimi Temebis wevrebs Soris sapatriarqoSi Sedga. SemdgomSi miRweuli SeTanxmeba ki adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da samoqalaqo integraciis komitetis sxdomaze gaformda, ise, rom komitetma ar ganixila adamianis uflebebis darRvevis is faqtebi, romlebsac konfliqtis dros
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hqonda adgili da ar misca maT saTanado samarTlebrivi Sefaseba. (ix. zemoT qveTavi 2.2.2). sofel winwyaroSi SeTanxmeba aseve religiur liderebs Soris Sedga, saxelmwifom ki miRweuli SeTanxmeba mxolod gaaxmovana (ix.zemoT qveTavi 3.3.2). sofel samTawyaros SemTxvevaSi SeTanxmeba adgilobriv Temebs Soris saerTod ar Semdgara da dapirispireba muslimi Temis survilebisa da saWiroebebis absoluturi daTrgunvis xarjze dakonservda, rac sabolood sapatriarqoSi gamarTul Sexvedraze konfliqtis amowurvad Sefasda (ix. zemoT qveTavi 4.2.8). SeTanxmebis dros qristiani sasuliero pirebis ganmartebebi da kvlevis dros maT mier gamovlenili atitudebi aCvenebs maT diskriminaciul da rig SemTxvevebSi Seuwynarebel midgomas religiuri umciresobis mimarT (ix. zemoT qveTavebi 2.3.4; 4.3.2). cxadia, am pirobebSi konfliqtis gadawyvetis funqciis gadandoba eklesiaze ar iyo samarTliani nabiji saxelmwifos mxridan da es misTvis imTaviTve cxadi unda yofiliyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom religiur Temebs Soris miRweuli SeTanxmebebis pirobebi/Sinaarsi (nigvziansa da winwyaroSi miRweuli SeTanxmeba sxva soflebSi mcxovrebi muslimi mlocvelebisTvis am soflebis salocavSi locvis uflebis akrZalvas Seicavda), Tu konfliqtis Semdeg faqtobrivad Seqmnili situacia adgilze (sofel samTawyaroSi muslimi Temis survilis miuxedavad, ganxorcielebuli zewolisa da muqaris Sedegad maT uari Tqves samlocveloze) arRvevda umciresobebis uflebebs, saxelmwifom ar uzrunvelyo sakuTari pozitiuri valdebulebebis Sesruleba65 da adamianis uflebebis standartebTan maTi SesabamisobaSi moyvana. miuxedavad imisa, rom sofel nigvziansa da winwyaroSi adgilobrivi muslimebi dadebiTad afaseben im faqts, rom dapirispirebis Semdeg maT miecaT muslimuri samlocvelos gaxsnis SesaZlebloba, Caurevlobis politikiT saxelmwifom umciresobaSi myofi religiuri jgufis mimarT usamarTlo midgoma aCvena da arc momavalSi msgavsi konfliqtebis ganviTarebis riskebi daazRvia. amasTan, saxelmwifom ar gaatara saTanado sainformacio politika konfliqtis adgilebSi, romelic konfliqtebis racionalizaciasa da adgilebze mSvidobiani, tolerantuli garemos Seqmnas Seuwyobda xels. swored saxelmwifos informaciuli, samoqalaqo Rirebulebebze dafuZnebuli politikis ararsebobiT SeiZleba aixsnas adgilobrivi qristiani Temis ukmayofileba konfliqtis Semdeg damdgari Sedegebis mimarT da maTi gaucxoeba xelisuflebasTan/politikur sistemasTan (ix. zemoT qveTavebi 2.4.2; 3.4.2).

65 http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/FreedomReligion/Pages/IstandardsI3b.aspx 67

5.4. konfliqtebis daregulirebis procesSi saxelmwifos mier sekularizmis principis darRveva sekularizmis principi saeklesio da saero xelisuflebebis separaciasa da saxelmwifos mier sajaro xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis dros religiuri neitralitetis dacvas gulisxmobs. religia privatul sivrceSi inacvlebs, adamianis identobis nawili xdeba da is, misi institutebi distancirebulni arian politikuri Zalauflebisgan.66 saxelmwifo aris Zalisa da samarTlis ganmaxorcielebeli erTaderTi legitimuri instrumenti da mis mier Zalauflebis flobis/ganxorcielebis mizani ki adamianis uflebebis dacvaa. sekularizmis moTxovnis sapirispirod, nigvzianSi, winwyarosa da samTawyaroSi mimdinare religiuri konfliqtebis dros saxelmwifom uari Tqva misi, rogorc liberaluri konstituciuri wesrigis, inter alia, umciresobis uflebebis dacvis garantoris funqciaze da konfliqtebis gadawyvetis, sajaro samarTlebrivi sikeTeebis distribuciis funqcia religiur aqtorebs, realurad ki dominant eklesias gadaando. sekularizmis darRvevis yvelaze aSkara magaliTs nigvzianis, winwyarosa da samTawyaros adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis mier gakaTebuli gancxadebebi warmoadgens. interviuebSi isini pirdapir uTiTeben, rom emorCilebian soflis umravlesobis gadawyvetilebas da maTTvis xalxis neba uzenaesia (ix. zemoT qveTavebi 3.2.2; 4.2.2-4.2.3;). sakuTar gancxadebebSi isini mxars uWeren umciresobis uflebebis SezRudvis moTxovnas da am loialobiT arRveven religiuri neitralitetis moTxovnas. metic, sofel samTawyaroSi soflis rwmunebuli konfliqtis mxaris rols asrulebda da muslimi Temis ganmartebiT, xels uwyobda adgilobrivi qristianebis protests (ix. zemoT qveTavi 4.4.1). saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebi sakuTar gancxadebebSi xSirad avlendnen loialobas dominanti religiuri jgufis mimarT. am mimarTebiT yvelaze niSandobliv SemTxvevebs 2012 wlis 4 dekembers sofel winwyaroSi parlamentis wevrebis soso jaWvlianisa da viqtor jafariZis mier gakeTebuli gancxadebebi warmoadgens (ix. zemoT qveTavi 3.2.2.). nigvzianis konfliqtis dros adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da samoqalaqo integraciis komitetis Tavmjdomaris gancxadebaSi Cans dominant jgufTan TviTidentificirebis niSnebi, rodesac man miuTiTa, rom Cven Zalian tolerantruli da marTlac Semwynarebluri damokidebuleba gvaqvs, magram, bunebrivia, marTlmadidebel mrevlsac aqvs sakuTari ufleba da SeTanxmeba SesaZlebelia (ix. zemoT qveTavi 2.2.2.). 2012 wlis 3 noembers gamarTul SexvedrasTan dakavSirebiT eka beseliam miuTiTa, rom Sexvedra patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT gaimarTa (ix. zemoT qveTavi 2.2.2). nigvzianis konfliqtTan dakavSirebiT 2012 wlis 5 noembers gakeTebul gancxadebaSi iusticiis ministrma miuTiTa, rom incidentis amowurvis saSualeba jer religiur aqtorebs unda miscemoda.
66 religiis Tavisufleba, gv. 60-75, Tavisuflebis institutis gamocema, 2004 weli. 68

saxelmwifos mier sekularizmis principis darRvevis mizezebis/motivebis axsna rTulia da is savaraudod eklesiis, rogorc Zlieri politikuri Zalauflebis da maRali sazogadoebrivi mxardamWeris mqone instituciis mimarT loialobis pragmatulobiT an xelisuflebis Sesabamisi warmoamdgenlebis rwmebiT/ideologiiT (an erTdroulad orive faqtoriT) SeiZleba aixsnas.

5.5. konfliqtebis kompleqsuri gaazreba da maTi prevenciis mizniT pozitiuri RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis saWiroeba rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, konfliqtebis gadawyvetis dros saxelmwifom ar aCvena sakiTxis mimarT kompleqsuri midgoma, romelic konfliqtebis gamomwvevi sistemuri problemebis identificirebasa da konfliqtebis samarTlian gadawyvetas Seuwyobda xels. konfliqtebis CaRrmavebuli analizi avlens ramdenime miniSvnelovan problemas, romelmac sxva garemoebebTan erTad ganapiroba religiuri konfliqtebi. aRniSnuli problemebi saTaves moqmedi kanonmdeblobisa da saxelmwifos religiuri politikidan iRebs da maT arsebobas xangrZlivi politikuri istoria aqvs. aRniSnuli problemebis ricxvSia uTanasworo sagadasaxado da finansuri politika religiuri umciresobebis mimarT, religiur-sakulto nagebobis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT moqmedi diskriminaciuli praqtika, wlebis ganmavlobaSi religiuri motiviT Cadenil samarTaldarRvevebis gamouZieblobis problema, sajaro skolebSi prozelitizmisa da indoqtrinaciis tendenciebi.67 kvlevis procesSi marTlmadidebeli da muslimi Temisgan aRebuli axsna-ganmartebebi pirdapir miuTiTeben aRniSnuli problemebis kavSirze konfliqtTan. nigvzianis, winwyarosa da samTawyaros muslimi Temi uTiTebs, rom konfliqtis dros maT winaaRmdeg wardgenili mTavari braldeba da SiSebi, rom samlocvelo ucxo pirebis dafinansebiT gaixsna ar iarsebebda, Tu saxelmwifo religiuri umciresobebis mimarT dafinansebis wess gansazRvravda (ix. zemoT qveTavi 2.3.1). konfliqtis adgilebSi sajaro skolebis maswavleblebis axsna-ganmartebebma aCvena, rom maT aRqmaSi `aWareli muslimis identoba miuRebeli, konfliqturia. metic, xSir SemTxvevaSi isini muslimebis mimarT siZulvilis enas iyeneben. muslimi Temis wevrebi uTiTeben sajaro skolebSi prozelitizmis da muslimi moswavleebis diskriminaciis pirdapir magaliTebsac (ix. zemoT qveTavebi 2.3.3; 3.3.4; 4.3.2). nigvzianis muslimi Temis warmomadgenlebis interviuebma gamoavlina adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier umciresobis interesebis savarudo ugulebelyofis niSnebi, rac calke kvlevasa da saxelmwifos mier saTanado reagirebas saWiroebs (ix. zemoT qveTavi 2.3.2).
67 mimarTebiT ixileT saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, 2010 weli, xelmisawvdomia: http://ombudsman.ge/files/downloads/ge/ktifezlljkytwmwbpggc.pdf 69

konfliqtebis fundamenturi da samarTliani gadawyvetisTvis, iseve rogorc momavalSi msgavsi konfliqtebis prevenciisTvis mniSvnelovania, saxelmwifom mimdinare konfliqtebi sakanonmdeblo da arsebuli sistemuri problemebis Suqze ganixilos da maTi mogvarebisTvis saTanado Zalisxmeva gawios.

6. religiur konfliqtebTan dakavSirebiT saxelmwifosTvis momzadebuli zogadi rekomendaciebi

mexuTe TavSi saxelmwifo politikis analizis gaTvaliswinebiT, kvlevis procesSi relevanturi saxelmwifo organoebisTvis SemuSavda zogadi xasiaTis rekomendaciebi konfliqtebis daregulirebisa da momavalSi maTi prevenciis mizniT.

6.1. rekomendaciebi, romelic Sinagan saqmeTa saministros miemarTeba sofel nigvzianSi, winwyarosa da samTawyaroSi religiuri konfliqtebis dros policia pasiur rols TamaSobda da ar aRkveTa sxvadasxva samarTaldarRveva, romelsac konfliqtis mimdinareobis dros hqonda adgili. amasTan, rogorc Sss-dan gamoTxovili sajaro informacia aCvenebs, Wianurdeba samTawyaroSi mimdinare konfliqtis dros gamovlenili savarudo danaSaulis faqtebze dawyebuli gamoZieba. sofel nigvzianis konfliqtTan dakavSirebiT dadginda, rom religiuri wesebis Sesrulebisas ukanono xelSeSlas, Zaladobas, muqaras da religiuri grZnobebis Seuracxyofas adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mier adgili ar hqonia. amJamad ki aRniSnul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 155-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT mimdinareobs. sofel winwyaroSi konfliqtis dros gamovlenil samarTaldarRvevebze ki gamoZieba arc daiwyo. aRniSnuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, kanonierebis principis dacvisa da konfliqtebis prevenciisTvis arsebiTia Sss-m sxva msgavs SemTxvevebSi droulad da efeqturad aRkveTos gamovlenili samarTaldarRvevebi da gamoiyenos yvela adekvaturi da proporciuli samarTlebrivi saSualeba samarTaldamrRvevis mimarT. situaciis sensitiuroba da sazogadoebis umravlesobis ganwyobebi ar SeiZleba gaxdes samarTaldamcavi pirebisTvis kanonis ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqmis safuZveli. amasTan mniSnelovania, saxelmwifom droulad warmoadginos sazogadoebis winaSe nigvzianisa da samTawyaros konfliqtebTan dakavSirebiT dawyebuli gamoZiebis Sedegebi. am mimarTebiT aseve mniSvnelovania, rom gamoZieba akmayofilebdes efeqturobis, angariSvaldebulebisa da gamWvirvalobis moTxovnebs.
70

garda zemoT aRniSnulisa mizanSewonili iqneba, Tu Sss-s Sesabamis TanamSromlebs CautardebaT saswavlo kursebi religiuri neitralitetis, sekularizmisa da religiis Tavisuflebis sakiTxebze.

6.2. rekomendaciebi, romelic ganaTlebis saministros miemarTeba kvlevis procesSi nigvzianis, winwyarosa da samTawyaros sajaro skolebSi gamovlinda prozelitizmisa da indoqtrinaciis praqtikebi Tu maTi akrZalvis Taobaze moTxovnis darRvevis calkeuli SemTxvevebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanoni dauSveblad miiCnevs sajaro skolaSi saswavlo procesis religiuri indoqtrinaciis, prozelitizmis an iZulebiTi asimilaciis miznebisaTvis gamoyenebas,68 praqtikaSi skolebSi religiuri neitralitetisa da diskriminaciis dauSveblobis principi irRveva da niSandoblivia, rom xSirad es tendenciebi latentur xasiaTs atarebs. sakvlev skolebSi aRniSnuli moTxovnebis darRveva yvelaze uxeS formebTan erTad (skolis infrastruqturaSi religiuri atributebis gamoyeneba, qristianuli locvis koleqtiuri aRvlena saskolo oTaxebSi, religiuri umciresobebis mimarT diskriminaciuli midgoma), saswavlo procesTan dakavSirebiT maswavleblebis mier gakeTebul ganmartebebSi, maT rwmenebsa da atitudebSi arapirdapir gamovlinda. sakvlev adgilebSi maswavleblebis gancxadebebSi naTlad gamoCnda Turqofobiuri da islamofobiuri ganwyobebi, rasac isini maRali albaTobiT swavlebis drosac gamoxataven. ganaTlebis sistemaSi samoqalaqo-sekularuli Rirebulebebisa da tolerantobis damkvidrebis mizniT, mniSvnelovania, ganaTlebis saministrom ufro efeqturad gamoiyenos monitoringis meqanizmebi sajaro skolebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki religiuri, Tu eTnikuri niSniT Sereuli TemebiT warmodgenil sajaro skolebSi. am mimarTebiT specialur yuradRebas saWiroebs istoriisa da qarTuli literaturis swavlebis procesi. amasTan, problemis xasiaTi da masStabi maswavleblebis cnobierebis amaRlebis mizniT saxelmwifos mier meti da masStaburi Zalisxmevis gawevis aucileblobaze miuTiTebs.

6.3. rekomendaciebi, romelic reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministris aparats miemarTeba reingetraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministris aparatis kompetenciis gaTvaliswinebiT, mniSvnelovania, Tu saministro gaaZlierebs sainformacio politikas konfliqtis adgilebSi, religiuri an eTnikuri niSniT Sereul sociumebSi tolerantuli da religiis Tavisuflebis pativiscemaze
68 zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis me-13 muxli (neitraloba da antidiskriminaciuloba), me-18 muxli (rwmenis Tavisufleba). 71

dafuZnebuli garemos ganviTarebisTvis. am mimarTebiT gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmoa muslimi aWarlebiT dasaxlebuli regionebi, radgan, rogorc nigvzianSi, winwyarosa da samTawyaroSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtebis analizi aCvenebs, aWareli muslimebis mimarT araSemwynarebluri damokidebu leba ufro masStaburia. qristiani umravlesobisTvis, iseve, rogorc sasuliero pirebisTvis amgvari identoba, romelic Tavis TavSi erTdroulad qarTvels da araqristians moicavs miuRebeli da konfliqturia. konfliqtis Seswavla aCvenebs, rom aWareli muslimebis mimarT adgili aqvs indoqtrinaciis process. am procesis masStabi da ideologia qarTveli muslimi jgufis TviTviqtimizaciasac ki ganapirobebs. qarTvel muslimTa TemSi sakuTari identobis TviTaRqma travmulia da amis gamo dominanti jgufis mier maTi uflebebis SezRudvis mimarT konformul damokidebulebas avlenen. sofel samTawyaroSi muslimi Temis mier samoqalaqo uflebebiT sargeblobaze uaris Tqma ki amis yvelaze naTeli magaliTia (ix. zemoT qveTavi 4.2.9).

6.4. rekomendaciebi, miemarTeba

romelic

saqarTvelos

iusticiis

saministros

religiuri umciresobebisTvis religiis TavisuflebiT srulfasovani sargeblobis uzrunvelyofisa da maTTvis Tanabari samarTlebrivi, sagadasaxado, finansuri reJimis uzrunvelyofis mizniT mniSvnelovania, momzaddes Sesaba misi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebisa da damatebebis paketi. es procesi saxel mwifos religiuri politikis fundamentur gadaxedvas saWiroebs. procesis legitimurobisTvis arsebiTia, is samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da religiuri organizaciebis maqsimaluri CarTulobiTa da monawileobiT ganxorcieldes. religiis Tavisuflebisa da diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg brZolis process mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb iusticiis saministros mier momzadebul kanonproeqtSi samoqalaqo seqtoris mier wardgenili mosazrebebisa da SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswineba da srulyofili kanonproeqtis drouli wardgena sakanonmdeblo organos winaSe.

6.5. rekomendaciebi, romelic regionaluri ganviTarebisa da infra struqturis saministrosa da adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebs miemarTeba konfliqtebis mimdinareobis procesSi nigvzianSi, winwyarosa da samTa wayroSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba konfliqtis mxaris platformidan moqmedebda da rig SemTxvevaSi xels uwyobda kidec konfliqts. sofel samTawyaroSi es tendencia yvelaze naTlad gamoCnda. sakuTar gancxadebebSi Tu qcevebSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebi arRvevdnen religiuri neitralitetisa da konstitucionalizmis moTxovnebs da
72

pirdapir uTiTebdnen, rom mimdinare konfliqti umravlesobis survilebis sasargeblod unda gadawyvetiliyo da rom isini mxolod xalxis umravlesobis nebas daemorCilebodnen. samwuxarod, arc erT SemTxvevaSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebis politikuri pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi ar damdgara. amasTan, nigvzianSi, winwyarosa da samTawyaroSi Catarebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom aRniSnul soflebSi problemuria muslimi Temis srulfasovani monawi leoba adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaSi. muslimi Temi uTiTebs adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier maTi interesebisa da saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebis dabal xarisxze (magaliTisTvis, adgilobrivi biujetis miznobrivi xarjvis problema, nigvzianSi muslimTa sasaflaos gaSenebis saWiroeba, sajaro samsaxurSi muslimebis dasaqmebis problema), rac saxelmwifos mxridan saTanado Seswavlasa da reagirebas iTxovs. Sesabamisad, mniSnelovania regionaluri ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministrom adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis reformis procesSi gaiTvalis winos aRniSnuli problemebi da adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaSi umciresobebis jgufebis Tanabari da sruli monawileobisTvis, aseve maTi intere sebis maqsimaluri gaTvaliswinebisTvis saTanado proceduruli da instituciuri meqanizmebi uzrunvelyos. am miznebis ganxorcielebisTvis aucilebelia, saxelmwifom saTanado saganamanaTleblo da informaciuli politika gaataros adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebis, TanamSrom lebis samoqalaqo cnobierebis amaRlebis mizniT. amasTan, arsebiTia, adgilobrivma xelisuflebam droulad gadawyvitos is problemebi, romlebic muslim Tems sofelSi srulfasovani samoqalaqo da socialuri cxovrebisTvis esaWiroeba, maT Soris, muslimTa sasaflaos mowyobisa da wylis miwodebis sistemis gamarTva sofel nigvzianSi, ekomigrantebisTvis sacxovrebeli saxlebis sakuTrebaSi gadacemis mizniT samarTliani politikis SemuSaveba sofel winwyaroSi. mniSvnelovania, rom problemebis identificirebisa da maTi gadaWris gzebis Ziebis es procesi TviTmmarTvelobebma inkluziurad, umciresobis monawileobiTa da maTi interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT warmarTos.

6.6. rekomendaciebi, romelic parlamentsa da politikur partiebs miemarTebaT Tanasworobisa da religiis Tavisuflebis pativiscemaze dafuZnebuli politikis SemuSavebis mizniT, mniSvnelovania, saxelmwifom gadaxedos arsebul religiur politikas da aRmofxvras is sakanonmdeblo xarvezebi, romelic religiuri konfesiebis dafinansebisa da dabegvris wesTan, aseve religiuri nagebobebis mSeneblobis araswor praqtikasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs. amdenad, zemoT, iusticiis saministrosTvis gaTvaliswinebuli
73

rekomendaciebi, romelic masStaburi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis inicirebasa da religiuri politikis sistemur gadaxedvas ukavSirdeboda, aseve miemarTeba sakanonmdeblo organos. maT Soris, mniSvnelovania parlamentma SeZlos diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb kanonis miReba, romelic diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqtur instituciur da materialursamarTlebriv safuZvels Seqmnis. amasTan, mniSvnelovania parlamentma ufro efeqturad gamoiyenos saparla mento kontrolis meqanizmebi mTavrobis mimarT. xolo konfliqtebis daregulirebis procesSi misi monawileoba da am mimarTebiT gakeTebuli Sefesabebi adamianis uflebebis dacvis standartebTan movides SesabamisobaSi. amas garda, arsebiTia, parlamentis wevrebma sakuTar gancxadebebSi daicvan sekularizmis konstituciuri principi da Tavi Seikavon siZulvis enis gamoyenebisgan. am mimarTebiT mniSvnelovani iqneba, Tu politikuri partiebi SeimuSaveben da aamoqmedeben TviTSezRudvis efeqtur Sida meqanizmebs.

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daskvna
sofel nigvzianSi, winwyarosa da samTawyaroSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtebis kvlevam aCvena, rom konfliqtis daregulirebis mizniT saxelmwifom scada droulad Careuliyo dapirispirebaSi da maRali Tanam debobis pirebis mxridan mniSvnelovani oficialuri gancxadebebi gakeTda religiuri pluralizmisa da tolerantobis dacvis mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca imis gamo, rom saxelmwifom ar aRkveTa konfliqtebis dros gamovlenili samarTaldarRvevebi, konfliqtebis mogvareba ki arsebiTad sasuliero pirebs gadaando, man ver SeZlo Seesrulebina saxelmwifos, rogorc uflebaTa dacvis eqskluziuri garantoris funqcia. sakuTari rolis amgvarma devalvaciam sxva regionebSi konfliqtis gavrceleba, uflebebis darRvevis masStabis, intensivobis zrda da sekularuli wonasworobis rRveva ganapiroba. saxelmwifos ZiriTadi aqtorebi, romlebic aqtiurad iyvnen CarTuli kofliqtebis gadawyvetis procesSi, ar aRiarebdnen muslimi Temis mimarT religiis Tavisuflebis SezRudvas da piriqiT, dominanti jgufis uflebebis SezRudvaze miuTiTebdnen, rac usamarTlo iyo da ewinaaRmdegeboda liberaluri demokratiis ideas. gansaxilvelma konfliqtebma religiis Tavisuflebis kuTxiT saxelmwifoSi arsebuli zogadi problemebi warmoaCina, rac saxelmwifosgan adekvatur reagirebas da arsebuli religiuri politikis gadasinjvas moiTxovda. Tumca, saxelmwifom mimdinare konfliqtebi xelovnurad provocirebul, izolirebul SemTxvevebad ganixila, riTac imTaviTve gamoricxa konfliqtebis realuri gaazrebisa da maTi mogvarebis mimarT kompleqsuri midgomis SesaZlebloba. nigvziansa da winwyaroSi muslimuri samlocveloebis funqcionireba mniSvnelovania adgilobrivi muslimi Temebis mier religiis TavisuflebiT sargeblobisTvis, Tumca, sofel samTawyaroSi muslimi Temis mdgomareoba saxelmwifos mxridan realur Sefasebas da maTi rwmenis Tavisuflebis dacvis mizniT saTanado nabijebis gadadgmas saWiroebs. amasTan, mniSvnelovania, saxelmwifom ganaxorcielos zogadi xasiaTis RonisZiebebi qveyanaSi religiis Tavisuflebis srulyofilad sargeblobisa da sekularizmis principis dacvis mizniT. vimedovnebT, rom saxelmwifo gaiziarebs im rekomendaciebs, romlebic kvlevis farglebSi EMC-is mier SemuSavda da miiRebs saTanado zomebs maTi implementaciisTvis.

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bibliografia
1. religiis Tavisufleba, Tavisuflebis institutis gamocema, 2004, Tbilisi; 2. sekularizacia: koncepti da konteqstebi, 2011, Tbilisi; 3. eklesia da saxelmwifo evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi, gerhard robersi, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2011. 4. Guidelines for review of Legislation pertaining ro religion or belief, prepared by the OSCE/ODIHR advisory panel of experts on freedom of religion or belief in consultation with the European Commission for democracy through law (Venice commission), adopted by the venice commission, venice, 18-19 June 2004. http://www.osce.org/odihr/13993 5. Taking a Case to the European Court of Human Rights, Philip Leach, third edition, 2011 6. Harris, OBoyle & Warbrick, Law of the European Convention on Human Rights.

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qvemoT warmodgenili statia saxelmwifos roli 2012-2013 wlebSi saqarTveloSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtebis mogvarebaSi _ sekularizmis krizisi da loialoba dominanti jgufis mimarT kvlevis avtors ekuTvnis da masSi interdisciplinaruli kvlevis meTodis gamoyenebiT, gaanalizebulia konfliqtebis politikuri da socialuri konteqstebi. statiaSi warmodgenili analizi konfliqtebis gaazrebis erT-erT interpretacias warmoadgens da is calke statiis saxiT daerTo winamdebare gamocemas.

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saqarTveloSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtebis politikuri da socialuri konteqstebis analizi adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centris (EMC) mier reli giuri konfliqtebis kvlevis procesSi konfliqtebis ZiriTadi aqtorebisgan aRebuli interviuebis diskurs-analizi avlens im politikur da socialur konteqstebs, romelic gavlenas axdenda konfliqtebze da ganapirobebda maT. winamdebare statiaSi gaanalizebulia konfliqtebis politikuri aspeqtebi da nacionalur-religiur identobebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. xelisuflebis tranzicia da misi gavlena religiur konfliqtebze kvlevis procesSi konfliqtis aqtorebis interviuebSi religiur konfliqtebze politikuri konteqstis gavlena sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT gamovlinda. am kuTxiT yvelaze metad dominirebda xelisuflebis tranziciis pirobebSi konfliqtebis xelovnuri gamowvevisa da politikuri miznebisTvis maTi gamoyenebis Teoria. konfliqtebis narativebSi kargad Cans, rom aRniSnul Teorias yvelaze xSrad adgilobrivi dominati religiuri jgufebi, xelisufleba da qristiani sasuliero pirebi iyenebdnen. sofel nigvziansa da sofel winwyaroSi adgilobrivi qristianebi sakuTar gancxadebebSi uTiTebdnen, rom wina xelisuflebam arCevnebSi mxardaWeris miRebis sanacvlod muslim Tems salocavis gaxsnis SesaZlebloba misca da arsebuli konfliqtebi swored am dapirebisa da politikuri miznebisTvis maTi gamoyenebis Sedegia. am mosazrebas iziareben adgilobrivi sasuliero pirebic. es kargad Cans nigvzianis konfliqtTan dakavSirebiT mitropoliti iosebisa da dekanozi saba JRentis mier gakeTebul gancxadebebSi. am mimarTebiT gansakuTrebiT niSnadoblivia sofel winwyaroSi mRvdel giorgisTan CarTuli dakvirvebis farglebSi Catarebuli gamokiTxva. sadac sasuliero pirma miuTiTa, rom Tu wina xelisuflebis pirobebSi eklesia SeboWili iyo da sajarod ver axorcielebda sakuTar miznebs, arCevnebis Semdeg eklesias maTi Tavisufali realizebis SesaZlebloba mieca. wina saxelisuflebo partiis _ erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis mier religiuri konfliqtebis konspiraciis Teorias iziarebdnen xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebic. maTi SefasebiT, wina xelisufleba da masTan dakavSirebuli politikuri jgufi cdilobda konfliqtebis xelovnurad warmoSobas adgilebze situaciis daZabvis mizniT. aRniSnuli mtkicebebis miuxedavad, xelisuflebas ar warmoudgenia pirdapiri argumentebi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic am Teorias gaamarTlebda. cxadia, kvlevis mizani ar iyo empiriulad Seemowmebina am Teoriis safuZvlianoba da namdviloba. Tumca, kvlevis farglebSi orive mxaris Sefasebebis sistemurma analizma aCvena, rom es Teoria kontraversiulia. konfliqtebis dinamikaSi Cans, rom gabatonebul diskursSi am Teoriis gavlena
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TandaTan mcirdeba, samTawyaros konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi ki misi kvali TiTqmis dakargulia. dominanti religiuri jgufis gancxadebebis sawinaaRmdegod, rom TiTqos muslimma Temma salocavis gaxsna wina xelisuflebis daxmarebiT SeZlo, adgilobrivi muslimi mlocvelebi (maT Soris, adgilobrivi muslimi sasuliero pirebi) Tavis axsna-ganmartebaSi Ria kritikas gamoxataven wina xelisuflebis mimarT da uTiTeben, rom maT warsulSi ar miecaT samlocvelos gaxsnis SesaZlebloba. isini kmayofilebas gamoxataven axali xelisuflebis mimarT, romelmac adgilobrivi qristianebis winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, samlocvelos gaxsnis precedenti dauSva. niSandoblivia, rom Tu konfliqtebis axsnis es midgoma nigvzianSi konfliqtis mimdinareobis periodSi yvelaze aqtualuri iyo, mogvianebiT, 2013 wlis ivnisis TveSi kvlevis farglebSi Caweril axsna-ganmartebebSi interviuerebi mas ukve naklebad iyenebdnen. winwyaros konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi nigvzianisgan gansxvavebiT adgilobrivi qristianebis enaSi naklebad Canda konfliqtis axsnis es Teoria da iq nacionaluri diskursi ufro dominirebda. samTawyaroSi ki adgilobrivi qristianebi TiTqmis ar iyenebdnen mas. am Teoriis sawinaaRmdegod, dedofliswyaros municipalitetis sakrebulis wevris gancxadebiT, adgilobrivma xojam axali xelisuflebis pirobebSi meti Tavisufleba igrZno da samlocvelos gaxsna wamoiwyo, risi survilic mas sofelSi Camosaxlebis Semdeg mudmivad hqonda. gansaxilveli Teoriis faqtobrivi winaaRmdegobrioba kiTxvis niSnebs svams mis namdvilobasTan dakavSirebiT. am Teoriis dominanturoba xelisuflebisa da marTlmadidebeli eklesiis69 warmomadgenlebis SefasebebSi, am Teoriis gamoyenebis pragmatulobiT ufro unda aixsnas, radgan am modelSi maT miecaT SesaZlebloba ar eRiarebinaT konfliqtis gamomwvevi sistemuri problemebi da Tavidan aeridebinaT sakuTari samarTlebrivi da politikuri pasuxismgebloba. Tumca, xelisuflebis tranziciasTan religiuri konfliqtebis kavSiri saarCevno periodTan maTi siaxloviTa da sazogadoebisTvis arCevnebTan dakavSirebuli politikuri da socialuri mniSvnelobebiTac SeiZleba aixsnas. xelisuflebis tranzicia saqarTveloSi politikuri wesrigis sistemuri gadaxedvisa da masStaburi samoqalaqo protestis fonze ganxorcielda70, ris gamoc es cvlileba gascda politikuri elitebis Secvlis/Canacvlebis mniSvnelobas da man sazogadoebaSi politikur-ideologiur paradigmis cvlileba ganapiroba. am mimarTebiT relavanturia ramdenime Teoriuli Sefaseba, romelic kvlevis dros empiriulad ganmtkicda.
69 aRsaniSnavia, rom konfliqtebis 2013 wlis 11 oqtombers saqarTvelos eklesiis wminda sinodma sakuTari Sefaseba gaakeTa religiuri konfliqtebis Taobaze da miuTiTa, rom konfliqtebi xelovnurad Seqmnili problemaa da miznad isaxvas ori tradiciuli religiis da maTi warmomadgenlebis dapirispirebas. sinodma mimarTa xelisuflebas, droulad gamoiZios ganviTarebuli movlenebi, da miiRon saTanado zomebi samarTlebrivi bazis Sesaqmnelad. sinodis gadawyvetileba xelmisawvdomia: http://www.netgazeti.ge/GE/105/News/24410/ 70 marTlmadidebluri eTika da araTavisuflebis suli, giorgi maisuraZe, 2013, gv.102-128; 79

arCevnebis gziT Zveli xelisuflebis damarcxebam Tavisi refleqsia lokalur sazogadoebebSic hpova. wina xelisuflebis mimarT ukmayofileba sazogadoebis did nawilSi maTTvis miuRebeli procesebis erTian nacionalur moZraobaze, rogorc mTavar mterze proecirebas ganapirobebda. arCevnebSi erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis damarcxebis Semdeg adgilobriv sazogadoebaSi gaCnda gamarjvebis, ufro swored ki politikuri revanSis adgilze ganmeorebis (imitaciis)/ganmtkicebis midrekileba da muslimi Temi, romelic dominanti religiuri jgufis aRqmaSi, xelisufleb(eb)is mimarT konformizmiT gamoirCeva, revanSis warmoebisTvis yvelaze gamosadegi obieqti aRmoCnda. wamyvani religiuri jgufis midrekileba moexdina Tavisi Tavis, rogorc Zalauflebis matareblis reprezentazia da am Zalauflebis gamoyeneba arsebul politikur wesrigTan (igulisxmeba wina xelisuflebis mier Seqmnili politikuri sistema) sazogadoebis gaucxoebiT, TviTidentifikaciis deficitiT SeiZleba aixsnas. amgavri gaucxoebis mizezi ki politikuri sistemis mier sajaro sivrcisa da politikuri Zalauflebis monopolizebiT, sazogadoebasa da politikur elitas Soris sakomunikacio velis ar arsebobiT, wesrigisa da modernis saxeliT sistemis dehumanizaciiT aris ganpirobebuli. globaluri masStabiT religiuri konfliqtebi arCevnebis Semdeg saero da saeklesio Zalauflebebis axali mimarTebebiT SeiZleba aixsnas. aRniSnuli sakiTxis analizisTvis mimovixilavT 2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebamde xelisuflebisa da eklesiis urTierdamokidebulebas da arCevnebis Semdeg miRebul realobas. eklesiasTan wina xelisuflebis politikis analizi aCvenebs, rom saxelmwifo mas, rogorc mniSvnelovani politikuri Zalauflebis mqone aqtors angariSs uwevda da amis gamo xSirad gadioda sekularuli CarCos gareT. es midgoma yvelaze naTlad ramdenime aspeqtiT gamovlinda, maT Soris, marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvis samarTlebrivi da finansuri privilegiebis SenarCuneba da miniWeba, rac kanonmdeblobiT eklesiisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli SeRavaTebis garda, saxelmwifos mier sarezervo fondebidan da adgilobrivi municipalitetebis resursebidan eklesiisTvis finansuri resursebisa da qonebis gadacemaSi gamoixateboda.71 politikuri xelisuflebis legitimurobis
71 SeniSvna: saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba -saqarTvelos mier Catarebuli kvleva aCvenebs, rom 2002-2013 wlebSi finansTa saministros mier saqarTvelos sapatriarqosaTvis gamoyofilma pirdapirma dafinansebam 160,672,200 lari Seadgina. vardebis revoluciis Semdeg saxelmwifo biujetis zrdis paralelurad xelisuflebis mier sapatriarqos dafinansebac izrdeboda. iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac dafinanseba orjer an samjer gaizarda. saqarTvelos prezidentisa da saqarTvelos mTavrobis gankargulebebis safuZvelze, 2006-2012 wlebSi sxvadasxva RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis mizniT, daixarja 8,388,200 lari; 2002 wlidan dRemde adgilobrivi municipalitetebis mier saqarTvelos sapatriarqosaTvis gamoyofili Tanxa 16 milionamde lars Seadgens. municipalitetebi eparqiebs exmarebian rogorc mcire, aseve soliduri fuladi subsidiebiT, afinanseben sxvadasxva RonisZiebebs, gadascemen moZrav Tu uZrav qonebas. kvleva xelmisawvdomia: http://transparency.ge/blog/mokle-mimokhilva-sakartvelos80

dadgenisTvis xelisufleba mimarTavda istoriul da religiuri legitimaciis formebis gamoyenebas,72 riTac arRvevda sekularizmis moTxovnas, romelic Teocentruli ideologiuri sistemis dekostruqciasa da politikuri xelisuflebis mier legitimurobis TviTdadginebas gulisxmobs. wina xeli suflebis pirobebSi ver moxerxda saxelmwifos religiuri politikis arsebiTi gadasinjva, romelic aRmofxvrida im sakanonmdeblo da faqtobriv uTanasworobas, romelic dominant religiasa da religiur umciresobebs Soris arsebobs.73 religiis Tavisuflebis dacvis sasargeblod xelisuflebis mier gatarebuli politika ar iyo mkacri, rac, maT Soris, religiuri siZulvilis niadagze Cadenil samarTaldarRvevebze, skolebSi indoqtrinaciis praqtikis winaaRmdeg brZolis araefeqturobaSi gamoixata.74 religiis Tavisuflebis da sekularizmis dacvis kuTxiT wina xelisuflebis pirobebSi arsebuli sistemuri problemebis miuxedavad, vardebis revuluciis Semdeg axali xelisuflebis mier sajaro sivrceSi modernuli da liberaluri diskursebis Ria, agresiuli reprezentireba, iseve rogorc eklesiasTan xelisuflebis ramdenime Ria dapirispireba (magaliTisTvis, feriis mTaze eklesiis demontaJis faqti (2007)75, marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiris wevrebisa da maTi mxardamWerebis dakaveba telekompania kavkasiaSi momxdari incidentis Semdeg (2010)76, religiuri organizaciebisTvis sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris statusis miniWebis SesaZleblobis daSveba (2011)), romelsac simboluri xasiaTi ufro gaaCnda, saero da saeklesio Zalauflebebs Soris latenturi konfliqtis pirobas qmnida.77 saero da saeklesio Zalauflebebis amgvari konfiguracia urTierTSekavebisa da gawonasworebis Teoriuli modeliT SeiZleba aRiweros.78
sapatriarkos-dapinansebis-shesakheb. media saSualebebis mier gavrcelebuli informacia, aseve saintereso tendencias aCvenebs, rom 2006-2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi prezidentma saakaSvilma sapatriarqos prezidentis sarezervo fondidan 10,401,087 lari gamouyo, saidanac eklesiebisTvis avtomanqanebis SesaZenad 2,170,290 lari daixarja; xolo 2008 wels saprezidento arCevnebamde 2 dRiT adre prezidentis fondidan sapatriarqos 1,700,000 lari gadaericxa. (xelmisawvdomia: http://www.netgazeti.ge/GE/105/News/17714/) 72 sekularizacia da sekularizaciis bedi saqarTveloSi, zaal andronikaSvili da giorgi maisuraZe, gamocema _ sekularizacia: koncepti da konteqstebi, 2011, Tbilisi 73 ixileT saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, 2010 weli, gv. 311-317, xelmisawvdomia: http://ombudsman.ge/files/downloads/ge/ktifezlljkytwmwbpggc.pdf 74 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, 2010 weli, gv. 308-311, xelmisawvdomia: gv. 311-317, xelmisawvdomia: http://ombudsman.ge/files/downloads/ge/ktifezlljkytwmwbpggc.pdf 75 http://www.myvideo.ge/?video_id=2005864 76 ix. http://1tv.ge/news-view/14498 77 Report by Mr. Abdelfattah Amor, Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief. Visit to Georgia, 16 December 2003, http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G03/171/27/PDF/G0317127. pdf?OpenElement 78 Towards a dynamic theory of ethno-religious conflict, Jonathan Fox, department of political studies, bar 81

2012 wlis oqtombris arCevnebis Semdeg, es wonasworoba dairRva da politikuri xelisuflebiT dabalansebuli, Sekavebuli saeklesio Zalauflebis SiSveli manifestacia moxda. manamde arsebuli wonasworobis SenarCuneba axalma politikurma xelisuflebam ver SeZlo, rac ramdenime argumentiT SeiZleba aixsnas. 1. Zvel xelisuflebasTan kontrastis SenarCunebisa da mis mier daSvebuli Secdomebis ganmeorebis/asocirebis SiSiT axali xelisufleba uars ambobs modernuli enisa da represiuli aparatis gamoyenebaze, rac mas bunebrivad asustebs. 2. winasaarCevno periodSi eklesiasTan, rogorc wina politikuri xelisuflebis yvelaze Zlier oponentTan79 mokavSireoba strategiuli aucileblobiT iyo ganpirobebuli da xelisuflebaSi mosvlis Semdeg is sakuTari warsuliTve SeiboWa. 3. strategiul mniSvnelobasTan erTad axali xelisuflebis loialoba eklesiis mimarT, yvelaze pesimisturi argumentiT, masTan ideologiuri, RirebulebiTi siaxloviT SeiZleba aixsnas. winasaarCevno periodSi koalicia qarTulma ocnebam ver SeZlo axali politikuri ideologiis Semotana (rac maT Soris, politikuri meinstrimis arahomogenurobiT, siWreliT, SeiZleba aixsnas) da sakuTari platforma/ xedva wina xelisuflebasTan konfrontaciis paradigmaze daafuZna. metic, xelisuflebisTvis brZolaSi misi warmomadgenlebi xSirad iyenebdnen nacionalistur, qsenofobiur, homofobiur gancxadebebs80, riTac Ria winaaRmdegobaSi modiodnen modernul, liberalur RirebulebebTan da amdenad eklesiis ideologiuri mokavSireebic gaxdnen. am mocemulobaSi sekularuli da liberaluri Rirebulebebis dacvisTvis axali politikuri xelisuflebis marcxebi logikurad axsnadi xdeba. religiuri konfliqtebis Semdeg ganviTarebulma procesebma 17 maisis, Welas minareTis demontaJis saxiT axali xelisuflebis liberaluri kritika ufro gaamyara da sekularizmis krizisis Taobaze kritika sabolood gaaforma. identobis problema, romelic religiuri konfliqtebis kvlevis dros gamovlinda kvlevis me-5 TavSi sekularizmis Tema Sefasebuli iyo saero da saeklesio Zalauflebebs Soris separaciis konteqstSi. winamdeba TavSi ganxilulia sekularizmTan dakavSirebuli legitimaciis da religiis privatizaciis sakiTxebi da maTi gamoxatuleba religiur konfliqtebSi.

Ilan University, Roman Ganm Israel, Nations and Nationalism 5 (4), 1999. 79 ix. meufe iakobis qadageba http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7NXvlYuqvE 80 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7w6t91sMDfI (murman dumbaZis gancxadeba); http://www.for.ge/view.php?for_id=15236&cat=3 (giorgi ZnelaZis gancxadeba); http://www.mdfgeorgia.ge/contentimage/bulletin_2013/MDFNewsletter8Geo.pdf (luka kurtaniZis gancxadeba); http ://www.mdfgeorgia.ge/contentimage / bulletin _2013/ MDFNewsletter _7GEO.pdf (daviT saganeliZis gancxadeba); http://www.mdfgeorgia.ge/contentimage/bulletin_2013/5.pdf (giorgi gaCeCilaZis gancxadeba). 82

sekularizaciis process Tanamedrove erebis Camoyalibeba ukavSirdeba, romelSic politikuri sistema legitimaciis TviTwarmoebas axdens, daclilia religiuri gavlenisgan da RmerTis/eklesiis, rogorc legitimuri subieqtis adgils xalxi/eri ikavebs.81 sekularizmis modeli gulisxmobs sazogadoebrivi procesebis diferen ciacias, ris Sedegadac religia kargavs sxva sazogadoebriv procesebze gavlenas. xdeba religiis privatizacia da misi adamianis pirad sferoSi ganTavseba. religia adamianis identobad iqceva. sekularul, modernul sazogadoebaSi rwmena relatiur bunebas iRebs. demokratizacia rwmenis sferoSic iWreba _ morwmune aRar irCevs religias sayovelTao WeSmaritebis gamo, aramed imisTvis, rom daadginos sakuTari Tavi, sakuTari subieqturoba.82 kvlevaSi procesSi kritikulad gamoCnda eris, rogorc politikuri erTobis dafuZnebis problema saqarTveloSi. samive regionSi dominanti religiuri jgufisTvis konfliqtis safuZveli muslimi qarTvelis iden tobis miuRebloba iyo. maT aRqmaSi qarTvelis/saqarTvelos moqalaqis erovnuli/politikuri identoba emTxveva da moicavs religiur (qristiani marTlmadideblis) kuTvnilebas da yvela sxva identobis mqone adamians devnis sajaro sivrcidan. sajaro politikuri sivrcis koncepti, romelic Tavis TavSi yvela moqalaqes aTavsebs da Tanabar uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs aniWebs, aq sakralizebuli da amdenad, uaryofilia. adgilobrivi qristianebi uTiTebdnen, rom muslimebs SeeZloT elocaT privatulad, sakuTar saxlebSi, Tumca sajaro sivrceSi isini adgilis dakavebas ver SeZlebdnen. dominanti religiuri jgufis aRqmaSi miwa sakraluria da is gamoricxavs sxvebisTvis mis gaziarebas. gaziareba dapyrobasTan asocirebul SiSebs warmoSobs, misi aRkveTisTvis brZola ki heroikul mniSvnelobas iZens. am mimarTebiT niSandoblivia, rom konfliqtis dros yvela sofelSi dominirebda muslimebis soflidan gaZevebis, mokveTis idea. miuxedavad imisa, rom winwyarosa da samTwyaroSi dominanti religiuri jgufebi aWareli muslimebis msgavsad ekomigrantebs warmoadgenen, sofelze/ miwaze, rogorc sakuTarze kuTvnilebas Riad gamoxataven, rac zogadad nacionaluri identobis araswori gaazrebiT aRiqmeba. adgilobrivi qristianebis interviuebis diskurs-analizSi naTlad Cans, rom maT koleqtiur cnobierebasa da qcevas istoriuli narativebi gansazRvraven. aWaris gamuslimanebisa da TurqeTis, rogorc dampyroblis, saingiloSi qarTvelebis devnisa da azerbaijanis, rogoric mezobeli mtris gaazrebebi koleqtiur cnobierebaSi socialur arsebobas ganagrZoben. warsulis proeqciebiT TviTdadgena dominanti jgufis qcevas iracionalur
81 sekularizacia da eris dabadeba, gigi TavzaZe, gamocema _ sekularizacia: koncepti da konteqstebi, 2011, Tbilisi 82 sekularizacia Tu desekularizacia? giga zedania, gemocema sekularizacia: koncepti da konteqstebi, 2011, Tbilisi 83

da araadekvatur xasiaTs aZlevs. kvleva aCvenebs, rom aRniSnuli narativebis kultivacias xels qristiani sasuliero pirebis qadagebebi,83 sajaro skolebSi indoqtrinaciis praqtikebi uwyobs. cxadia, aWareli muslimebis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli istoriuli narativebi aWareli muslimebis stigmatizacias axdens, rac maT TviTviqtimizaciasac ganapirobebs. niSandoblivia, rom iq sadac muslimi Temi socialurad da ekonomikurad realizebuli da adgilze kargad integrirebulia, stig matizaciisa da indoqtrinaciis process is SedarebiT advilad umklavdeba da sakuTari uflebebisTvis brZolis mniSvnelobis gaazrebas axdens (magaliTad, sofel nigvziani). warsuli narativebi da misi tramvuli fiqsaciebi qmnis im erTaderT ideologiur sistemas, romelic yvelaze mZlavrad muSaobs sazogadoebaSi, rac eklesiisa da xSir SemTxvevaSi politikuri xelisuflebis Zalisxmevis Sedegia. nebismieri konfliqti am ideologiasTan masze Tavdasxmad ganixileba da Zaladobis reproduqcias axdens. religiuri konfliqtebis Teoria xsnis, rom Zaladobis gamarTleba xdeba maSin, rodesac codnis/Rirebulebebis is sistema, romelsac religia sTavazobs adamianebs safrTxis qveS dgeba.84 marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mier sazogadoebaSi gatarebuli sajaro politika (is Tu rogor axdens Tavisi Tavis sajaro reprezentirebas eklesia) daclilia eTikisgan, Teologiuri mniSvnelobebisgan da metwilad nacionalistur rwmenebs axalisebs. Sesabamisad, Tavdasxma am ideologiaze religiasTan avtomatur konfliqts gulisxmobs, rac sazogadoebaSi dapirispirebisa da dezintegraciis safrTxeebs warmoSobs. religiuri konfliqtebis analizisTvis is sakiTxi, Tu ramdenad kvietistur an mebrZol xasiaTs atarebs marTlmadidebluri qristianobis Teologiuri doqtrina da ramdenad axalisebs is Zaladobas calke kvlevas moiTxovs. Tumca, religiuri konfliqtebis konteqstebSi sasuliero pirebis gancxadebebis diskurs-analizi aCvenebs, rom sxva religiuri jgufebis miuReblobis, diskreditaciisa da qarTveli marTlmadideblebis upiratesobis Teoriebi maT qadagebebSi dominirebs da SemdgomSi socialurad iwarmoeba. kvlevam aCvena, rom dominanti religiuri jgufebis TviTidentificireba liberalur-sekularul wesrigTan dabalia da metic, isini masTan Ria konfliqtSic Sedian. swored sekularuli nacionalizmis krizisi ganapirobebs religiuri da eTnikuri identobebis aRzevebas. socialuri Teoriebi xsnis im mizezebs, romelic sazogadoebaSi sekularuli nacionalizmis mimarT rwmenis dakargvas ganapirobebs. maT Soris, gansaxilvel konteqstSi niSandoblivia ramdenime maTgani: 1. sekularuli nacionalizmi iZleva politikuri Tavisuflebis, ekonomikuri keTildReobisa da socialuri samarTlianobis
83 am mimarTebiT sainteresoa mRvdeli Teodore gignaZis moxseneba, romelSic is islams, rogorc mtris religias ixseniebs. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPFp_E_yTL4 84 Towards a dynamic theory of ethno-religious conflict, Jonathan Fox, department of political studies, bar Ilan University, Roman Ganm Israel, Nations and Nationalism 5 (4), 1999. 84

dapirebas, magram mTavrobebi romlebic am ideologias atareben ver arTmeven Tavs am gamowvevebs. maTi warumatebloba mTlianobaSi sistemis aralegitimurobas iwvevs. 2. umetes postkolonialur samyaros qveynebisTvis sekularuli nacionalizmi ganixileba hegemoniad, ucxo ideologiad, romelsac ar gaaCnia legitimuroba da avTenturoba adgilze. 3. sekularuli nacionalizmi igivdeba kulturul kolonializmTan, tradiciebisa da identobis dakargvis SiSebTan, rac modernizacias Tanmdebi procesebis fonze (tradiciuli kavSirebis, koleqtiuri Rirebulebebis rRvevas, sazogadoebis atomizacia) ufro mwvaved ganicdeba.85 warmodgenili Teoriuli modelebi qarTuli realobisTvis adekvaturia da xsnis religiur konfliqtebis, iseve rogorc zogadad sekularizmis kuTxiT saxelmwifoSi arsebul gamowvevebs. sekularizmis krizisis mizezebi politikur sistemaSi unda veZeboT, romelmac ver SeZlo erTiani nacionalurpolitikuri narativis qveS sazogadoebis konsolidacia. Tavisufali politikuri sivrcisa da socialuri samarTlianobis ararsebobis pirobebSi ki sazogadoebaSi deklarirebuli liberaluri-demokratiuli Rirebulebebis devalvacia xdeba, ris winaaRmdegac saxelmwifo saTanado Zalisxmevas ar mimarTavs da metic, saeklesio xelisuflebasTan kompromisebiT, marcxebiT am process axalisebs kidec.

85 Towards a dynamic theory of ethno-religious conflict, Jonathan Fox, department of political studies, bar Ilan University, Roman Ganm Israel, Nations and Nationalism 5 (4), 1999. 85

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