A PRESENTATION ON GSM OR CDMA- A COMPARISON

MCE-183

Presented by: Piyali Som (Roll no.05) Shruti Roychoudhury (Roll no.07)

INTRODUCTION

GSM & CDMA : two dominant technologies for mobile communications. GSM stands for Global System for Mobile communications. CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access. differ in the way calls and data travel over the mobile phone networks.

GSM

HISTORY
In 1982, Groupe Spcial Mobile established by the CEPT (Confrence European des Administrations des Postes et des Tlcommunications). Initially the acronym(GSM) was derived from the name of this group. The time history- milestones in the evolution of GSM is shown next.

TECHNOLOGY
GSM operates on the wedge spectrum called a carrier. The carrier is divided into a number of time slots. Each user is assigned a different time slot so that until the ongoing call is finished, no other subscriber can have access to this. GSM uses both Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) for user and cell separation.

TDMA provides multiuser access by chopping up the channel into different time slices.

FDMA provides multiuser access by separating the used frequencies.

GSM ARCHITECTURE(European TDMA)

MOBILE STATION (MS)

Mobile Equipment (ME) Subscribers Identity Module (SIM) Function of Mobile Station: Personal Mobility IMEI (International Mobile Station Equipment Identity):i. to identify valid devices. ii. can be used for stopping a stolen phone from accessing that network. iii. Not related to the subscriber but related to the device. IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity):i. used to identify the user of a cellular network. ii. used for acquiring other details of the mobile in the home location register (HLR) or as locally copied in the visitor location register.

BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM (BSS)

Base Transceiver Station (BTS):1. 2. defines the cell . handles the radio link protocol with the mobile station.

Base Station Controller (BSC):1. It manages radio resources for one or more BTS. 2. Allocation and De-allocation of channels. 3. Transmitter power control. 4. Handoff control.

BSC

NETWORK SUBSYSTEM
HLR BSC EIR

VLR

MSC
AuC

PSTN, ISDN

Mobile Switching center:(MSC) call set up/supervision/release call routing billing information colllection mobility management paging, alerting, echo cancellation connection to BSC, other MSC and other local exchange networks Access to HLR and VLR

Home Location Register (HLR): One HLR per GSM operator. Contains permanent database of all the subscribers in the network. contains MSRN(mobile station routing no.)It is referred for every incoming call. Visitor Location Register(VLR): Temporary visitors database One VLR per MSC Authentication Center(AuC): Provides security Authentication and encryption Equipment Identity Register: Contains IMEI

FREQUENCY BANDS IN GSM

o DUAL

BAND: operates on 900 MHz and 1800 MHz found in all continents usually i.e. Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and South Africa BAND: 900 MHz 1800 MHz 1900 MHz also supported worldwide

o TRI

o QUAD

BAND: 850 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz 1900 MHz also supported world wide

SERVICES PROVIDED BY GSM

Telephony -Basic Teleservices Other Services -Emergency calling -Voice Messaging Bearer Services - Low Speed data transfer (upto 9.6 Kbps) -Group 3 Fax and Sms Supplementary Services - call offering, call forwarding, call restriction, call waiting, call hold. - Multiparty teleconferencing, special schemes

ADVANTAGES OF GSM
used worldwide with over 500 million subscribers international roaming permits to use one phone throughout the world started in mid 80s. thus has become more stable with robust features

CDMA

HISTORY

The world's first cellular networks were introduced in the early 1980s, using analog radio transmission technologies such as AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System). Within a few years, cellular systems began to hit a capacity ceiling as millions of new subscribers signed up for service, demanding more and more airtime. Dropped calls and network busy signals became common in many areas. To accommodate more traffic within a limited amount of radio spectrum, the industry developed a new set of digital wireless technologies called TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and GSM (Global System for Mobile). TDMA and GSM used a time-sharing protocol to provide three to four times more capacity than analog systems. But just as TDMA was being standardized, an even better solution was found in CDMA.

TECHNOLOGY

Operates on "spread spectrum" technology, allowing many users to occupy the same time and frequency allocations in a given band/space data is sent in small pieces over a number of the discrete frequencies available for use at any time in the specified range assigns unique codes to each communication to differentiate it from others in the same spectrum. CDMA, after digitizing data, spreads it out over the entire available bandwidth. Multiple calls are overlaid on each other on the channel, with each assigned a unique sequence code. Advantages of spread spectrum: Multipath Rejection Immunity to interference and jamming Multiple access

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Voice Antenna A/D Converter Vocoder Encoder & Interleaver

Spreader

D/A RF

Code Generator

CLASSIFICATION OF CDMA SYSTEMS

CDMA SYSTEMS

CDMA one

CDMA 2000 Wide Band

IS95

IS95B

JSTD 008

Narrow Band

SERVICES PROVIDED BY CDMA

Used

in military services such as: Anti-jamming (because of the spread signal, it is difficult to jam or interfere with a CDMA signal) Ranging (measuring the distance of the transmission to know when it will be received) Secure communications (the spread spectrum signal is very hard to detect) Used in other applications such as: optical CDMA, ad hoc networks, dense wireless LANs

ADVANTAGES
Increased cellular communication security Simultaneous conversations Increased efficiency Smaller sized phones Low power requirements Extended reach

COMPARISON OF GSM & CDMA

operates on the wedge spectrum called a carrier less secured GSM operates in the frequency bands of 850/900/1800/1900 MHz Over 80% of the worlds mobile networks in over 210 countries GSM uses EDGE data transfer technology that has a maximum download speed of 384 kbps and is slower than CDMA

GSM

based on spread spectrum technology encryption is inbuilt and hence more secured CDMA operates in the frequency band of 850 MHz Used in the US and some parts of Canada and Japan (20%) EVDO data transfer technology is used which offers a maximum download speed of 2 mbps and hence is faster than GSM

CDMA

COMPARISON OF GSM & CDMA(continued.)

GSM
GSM phones are biologically more reactive since they emit continuous wave pulses Storage is done in SIM cards

Worldwide roaming is easily accessible.

Network service is SIM specific where the user has option to select handset of his choice offers number of services like voice, SMS, fax ,voice mail and call forwarding & caller ID

CDMA cell phones do not produce continuous wave pulses and therefore are less harmful biologically Storage type is Internal Memory International roaming is less accessible Network service is handset specific Used in UMTS mobile phone standard, in GPS, used by OmniTRACS satellite system for transportation logistics

CDMA

COMPARISON OF GSM & CDMA(continued.)

GSM

CDMA

Cost effective Power consumption is more Efficiency is less compared to CDMA

Cost is more Power consumption is less a Increased efficiency, meaning that the carrier can serve more subscribers with a single

CONCLUSION

GSM and CDMA technologies differ in the way calls and data travel over the mobile phone networks take place. On comparing both the technologies GSM has some limitation but still has more flexibility and an easy implementation relative to the CDMA technology. In general, one can say that both GSM and CDMA are latest and equally good technologies having both good and bad qualities.

THANK YOU