2011 Updating All 04112012

FNRI
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LUZON
VISAYAS
MINDANAO
LEGAL BASIS
FNRI
EO 128 Section 22
FNRI is mandated to undertake research that defines the citizenrys nutritional status, its causes and effects and identify alternative solutions to them.
EO 352
Designated statistical activities that will generate critical data for decision making of government and private sector.
PRESENTATION TRACK
Socio Economic
FNRI
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices Anthropometric data among 0-10 years old children, pregnant and lactating mothers Government Program Participation of Children
SAMPLING DESIGN
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12 3 4
4 replicates from the NSOs 2003 Master Sample and list of households from the 2004 Labor Force Survey (LFS)
Multi-Stage Stratified Sampling Design

1st Stage Primary Sampling Unit One barangay or contiguous bgys with at least 500 HHs
2nd Stage Enumeration Area Contiguous area in a barangay with 150-200 HHs
3rd Stage Households all household members in sample households
COVERAGE
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All 17 Regions 79 Provinces & NCR 3,136 Enumeration Areas (EAs)
38,894 Households
198,022 Individuals
Percentage distribution of individuals by age and by sex: Philippines, 2011
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MALE
AGE GROUP
FEMALE
Number
0-5.0 yrs 9,795
Percent
52.4
Number
8,903
Percent
47.6
6.0-10.0 yrs
11.0-19.0 yrs 20.0-29.0 yrs 30.0-59.0 yrs 60 & above TOTAL
11,404
22,456 1,977 47,381 7,372 100,385
51.9
52.1 52.9 50.7 43.3 50.7
10,566
20,637 1,761 46,129 9,641 97,637
48.1
47.9 47.1 49.3 56.7 49.3
General Objective:
FNRI
To provide a continuing flow of updated information on the ff:
nutritional status of Filipino children and other population groups other related information for timely policy decisions at the national and sub-national levels
FLOW OF ACTIVITIES
Planning & Preparation Field Data Collection and Encoding & Transmission
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FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Training and Pre-survey conferences
DEPARTMENT Presentation & OF Dissemination SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Results Generation
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
Data Management and Analysis

Office editing, proofreading & validation of prooflists
MAIN TYPE 1 OF FUEL

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Television VCD Washing Machine Blender Generator
45.2 69.3 67.2 61.5
41.7 41.2
Telephone Radio Computer Sewing Machine
2 Wood 3 4 LPG 5 6 Charcoal 7 Kerosene 8 9 Electricity 10 and above Natural gas

37.0 27.3 26.4 14.2 11.9 12.1 11.7 8.0 7.9
PERCENT 4.8 (n=38,894)

9.6 13.0 51.9 17.4 29.6 17.7 13.7 15.3 9.5 1.2 5.8 3.5 0.9 4.9 0.3
PERCENT (n=38,894)
3.5
1.0
Electric Fan Refrigerator Camera Aircon
Wallclock Range Others Piano
0.5%
5.4%
9.7%
24.3%
5.2%
Mean Household Animal Dung Size
Biomass Others
0.2 5.05 0.1 0.5

Others
54.9%
Single or 1 Person 2-person household/couple Single/Nuclear Family
cleaned data set
Extended two-family Extended more than two-family
Encoding of Corrections
METHODOLOGY
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STANDING HEIGHT, RECUMBENT LENGTH and WEIGHT was measured using standard techniques
FACE-TO-FACE INTERVIEW for other household information
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Percentage distribution by type of household: Philippines, 2011

0.5% 5.4%
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9.7%
(n=38,894)
24.3%
5.2%
54.9%
Single or 1 Person 2-person household/couple Single/Nuclear Family
Extended two-family Extended more than two-family

Others
Percentage distribution of households by household size: Philippines, 2011
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HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 and above Mean Household Size
PERCENT
(n=38,894)
4.8 9.6 13.0 17.4 17.7 13.7 9.5 5.8 3.5 4.9 5.05
Demographic characteristics of household head: Philippines, 2011

CHARACTERISTIC PERCENT
(n=38,894)
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SEX
Male Female Pregnant Lactating 80.8 19.2 0.1 0.1
CIVIL STATUS
Married
Widow/widower Single Separated Live-in
69.7
16.4 3.9 3.2 6.8
Percentage distribution of households by present occupation of household head: Philippines, 2011
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PRESENT OCCUPATION With occupation Farmers, Forestry Workers, Fishermen, Livestock/Poultry raisers Laborers and Unskilled Workers Plant and Machine Operators, Assemblers, Drivers Skilled and Related Workers Officials of government, Local executives Service Workers Professionals Technicians, Assoc. Professionals, Computer Assistant Other Occupations, Not stated Clerks, Cashiers, Secretaries, Tellers Special Occupations, Military Officers No Occupation Housekeeper Pensioners Incapacitated Students
PERCENT (n=38,894) 79.7 23.5 19.6 9.2 8.2 8.1 5.3 1.8 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.3 9.4 5.4 4.9 0.6 0.1
Percentage distribution of households by workplace of household head: Philippines, 2011
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Percent
80 60 40 20 0
AT HOME
70.4
20.4 7.0
LOCAL, AWAY FROM HOME
2.4
ABROAD NO OCCUPATION
Percentage distribution of households by educational attainment of household head: Philippines, 2011
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Percent
45
40.7 34.1
40
35 30
(n=38,894)
25
20 15
21.6
10
5 0
No Elementary Schooling High School College Above College Others
*
2.7
0.6
0.3*
* Arabic Schooling, special education for PWDs
Percentage distribution of households by type and ownership of dwelling unit and lot: Philippines, 2011
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TYPE & OWNERSHIP OF DWELLING/LOT

TYPE OF DWELLING UNIT Single House Apartment/Condominium Duplex Makeshift/Barong-barong Commercial Others (house extension, boathouse..) OWNERSHIP OF DWELLING UNIT Own Free Rent Squat Others (disputed area) OWNERSHIP OF THE LOT Own Free Rent Squat Others (disputed area)
PERCENT (n=38,894)
87.9 5.7 3.7 1.8 0.6 0.3 77.6 14.2 7.0 1.0 0.3 47.0 31.7 10.7 9.2 1.4
Percentage distribution of households by main materials used for dwelling unit: Philippines, 2011
MAIN MATERIALS OF DWELLING UNIT
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PERCENT (n=38,894)
82.5 14.2 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.8 47.9 37.2 12.9 1.4 0.6 54.2 13.2 11.1 10.1 7.9 1.1 0.2 0.7 1.5
ROOFING MATERIAL Iron sheets Natural materials Cement Tegula/tisa Salvaged (scrap materials) Others WALL MATERIAL Strong (cement, marble) Light (wood, bamboo/sawali.) Combination of strong and light materials Salvaged (scrap materials) Others (iron sheets, billboard, carton, sako) FLOORING MATERIAL Plain cement Coco lumber/Bamboo Wood planks Ceramic tiles Earth/Sand Marble Parquet or polished wood strips Vinyl or asphalt strips Others (combination of wood & cement.)
Percentage distribution of households by number of bedroom: Philippines, 2011
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NUMBER OF BEDROOMS No bedroom
PERCENT
(n=38,894)
13.7
1
2 3 4 5 More than 5
29.9
36.3 14.2 4.0 1.1 0.7
Percentage distribution of households by main type of fuel used for cooking: Philippines, 2011
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MAIN TYPE OF FUEL
PERCENT
(n=38,894)
Wood
LPG Charcoal Kerosene Electricity Natural gas Biomass Animal Dung Others (rice hush)
51.9
29.6 15.3 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5
Percentage distribution of households with and without owned transport utilities: Philippines, 2011
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TRANSPORT UTILITIES Own Transport Utilities* Motorcycle/tricycle Bicycle/trisikad Car/Jeep/Van Motor Boat/Banca
PERCENT
(n=38,894)
44.1 23.9 19.7 7.4 3.3
Tractor
Animal-drawn cart None at all
*Multiple responses
1.2
1.7 55.9
Percentage distribution of households with and without electricity at home: Philippines, 2011
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TYPE OF ELECTRICITY
PERCENT (n=38,894) 86.1
With Electricity
With Electricity (meter connection)

With Electricity (using generator) With Electricity (but disconnected) With Electricity (tap from neighbour)
76.4
0.4 0.6 8.7
Without Electricity
No electricity in the area No electricity, w/o meter connection Others (Solar)
13.5
1.5 12.0 0.4
Percentage distribution of households who owned appliances: Philippines, 2011

80
69.3 67.2 61.5
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70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
45.2 41.7 41.2 37.0 27.3 26.4 11.9 12.1
14.2
11.7 8.0 7.9 3.5 1.0
Television VCD Washing Machine Blender Generator
Telephone Radio Computer Sewing Machine
Electric Fan Refrigerator Camera Aircon
Wallclock Range Others Piano

* Multiple responses
Percentage distribution of households by main source of drinking water: Philippines, 2011
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MAIN SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER
PERCENT (n=38,894)
Piped into dwelling Tube well or borehole Bottled/Mineral water Protected spring Piped into yard/plot Public tap/stand pipe Protected Dug Well Semi-protected Dug Well Unprotected Dug Well Unprotected spring Rainwater Tanker truck Cart with small tank Surface water (river, dam, etc) Others
28.5 23.5 22.8 8.3 2.7 3.3 2.5 1.6 2.0 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.4 1.6
Percentage distribution of households with and without effort in making their water safer to drink: Philippines, 2011
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EFFORT IN MAKING DRINKING WATER SAFE
PERCENT (n=38,894) 51.0 25.5 14.8 5.8 2.1 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.1 23.5
NO EFFORT YES Boil Improvised filter (cloth, sponge) Use water filter (ceramic, sand) Let it stand or settle Add bleach/chlorine Others (refrigerate/freeze) Solar disinfection NOT APPLICABLE (BOTTLED WATER)
Percentage distribution of households by type and use of toilet facility: Philippines, 2011
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TYPE AND USAGE OF TOILET FACILITY
PERCENT (n=38,894)
Toilet Facility Water sealed Not water sealed No toilet Usage of Toilet Facility Exclusive for family use Share with other household Public use toilet No toilet
82.7 7.7 9.6 75.7 13.0 1.7 9.6
Percentage distribution of households by type of garbage disposal and segregation: Philippines, 2011
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TYPE OF GARBAGE DISPOSAL AND SEGREGATION Garbage Disposal* Collect Burn Compost Dump Garbage Segregation Segregating Not segregating
*Multiple responses
PERCENT (n=38,894)
46.5 37.2 21.7 13.4
58.6 41.4
CHALLENGES
Points to consider to improve the socioeconomic, health and nutrition status of the households
1. Provision/creation of more job opportunities 2. Provision of formal/non-formal education 3. Provision of more safe water systems/services 4. Provision of more sanitary toilet facilities 5. Provision of more garbage collecting services
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Objectives of the Study

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To assess the feeding practices of children aged 0-23 months
To compare the results of selected infant feeding practices with the previous surveys
Methodology
Subjects: 6,653 children 0-23 months from
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38,894 sample households Data Collection: Face-to-Face interview with the mother/caregiver of the child Data Analysis Based on WHO/UNICEF Indicators Comparison with the previous surveys based on the usual feeding practice
Criteria defining selected infant feeding practices*

Feeding Practice Exclusive Breast feeding Predominant Breastfeeding Requires that the infant receive
Breast milk (including milk expressed or from a wet nurse) Breast milk (including milk expressed or from a wet nurse) as the predominant source of nourishment
Allows the infant to receive

ORS, drops, syrups (vitamins, medicines) Certain liquids(water, water-based fluids, fruit juice) ORS, vitamins, medicines Anything else: including non-human milk and formula Anything else: including non-human milk and formula Anything else: including non-human milk and formula
Does not allow the infant to d receive

Anything else Anything else (in particular nonhuman milk, foodbased fluids) Not applicable
Complementary Breast milk (including milk expressed or from a wet nurse) feeding
and solid or semi-solid foods
Breastfeeding
Breast milk (including milk expressed or from a wet nurse) Any liquid (including breast milk) or semi-solid foods from a bottle with nipple/teat
Not applicable
Bottle feeding
Not applicable
*Source: WHO/UNICEF Indicators for assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices
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Percentage distribution of children, 0-23 months by age group: Philippines, 2011
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n = 6,653
48.6
24.0 27.4
0-5 months
6-11 months
12-23 months
Percent distribution of children 0-23 months by current feeding practice: Philippines, 2011
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Feeding Practice
Exclusive Breastfeeding
Percent
12.7
Predominant Breastfeeding Breastfeeding with Complementary foods

Formula/Other milk with foods Regular food without any milk
2.1 41.5
39.3 4.4
Percentage distribution of children 0-23 months by feeding practice by age group: Philippines, 2011
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Exclusive BF BF+ complementary foods Foods w/o any milk
Predominant BF Other milk+foods
100
Percentage
80 60
40 20 0
<2 2-3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-15 16-19 20-23
Age in months
Comparison of feeding practice of children 0-23 months: Philippines, 2008 and 2011*
Percentage
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Feeding Practice
Exclusive Breastfeeding Breastfeeding with Complementary foods
2008 8.6
2011 11.8
29.9 55.4 6.2
45.2 39.4 3.6
Formula/ Other milk with foods Regular food without any milk
* For comparison purposes, feeding practice is based on the usual feeding at the time of the survey
Comparison of current feeding practice of children 0-23 months by age group: Philippines, 2008 and 2011*
Percentage
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80 60
0-5 months
46.7 33.8
19.5
6-11 months
59.8 39.4 61.1 36.1
12-23 months
65.7 51.0 41.8 21.6 12.0 0.2
36.8 40 35.9 27.3
20 0 2008
0.0
0.0 0.5
0.3
2.0
0.8 0.6
7.0
2011
2008
2011
2008
2011
Exclusive breastfeeding Formula/other milk w/ foods
Breastfeeding with complementary foods Regular food w/o any milk
Core Indicator 1: Early Initiation of Breastfeeding
Percentage distribution of children, 0-23 months by time of initiation of breastfeeding: Philippines, 2011
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Time of Initiation
Within one hour

Less than 1 day More than 1 day
51.9 32.3
15.8
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
Percentage
Percentage distribution of children, 0-23 months by place of delivery and time of initiation of breastfeeding: Philippines, 2011
50 40 Percentage
42.9 29.7 18.0 8.8 0.6

At home Public Hospital Private Hospital/ Public Health Clinic/ Lying-in Center/ Clinic Others
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PLACE OF DELIVERY
30 20 10 0
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Within 1 hour Less than 1 day More than 1 day

61.5 51.1 51.6 49.8 32.4 16.0 28.9 21.3 30.9 7.6
Public Hospital Private Hospital/ Clinic/ Lying-in Public Health Center/ Clinic Others
Percentage
48.2 32.2 19.6
34.0
14.9
At home
Percentage distribution of children, 0-23 months by type of delivery and time of initiation of breastfeeding: Philippines, 2011
100
90.6
Percentage
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80 60 40 20
TYPE OF DELIVERY
9.4
Normal Delivery Ceasarian Section
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
53.4 32.6 37.0 29.5 33.6
Within 1 hour Less than 1 day More than 1 day
Percentage
14.0
Normal Delivery
Ceasarian Section
Core Indicator: Early Initiation of Breastfeeding
Comparison of initiation of breastfeeding among children 0-23 months: Philippines, 2008,2011
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Time of Initiation of Breastfeeding

Within one hour after delivery Less than one day after delivery More than one day
Percentage 2008 31.5 46.0 22.4 2011 51.9 32.3 15.8
Percentage of children 0-23 months initiated to breastfeeding within one hour by region: Philippines, 2011
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PERCENTAGE
Philippines: 51.9
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
LUZON VISAYAS MINDANAO
61.8
62.6 64.5 69.2
59.8 61.7 50.4
61.5 56.6 49.0
49.9
41.3 27.0 34.4 38.2 45.0
51.2
REGION
Percentage of exclusively breastfed children 0-5 months by region: Philippines, 2011

80 72.7 70 64.1 60.9 60.0 60.3 59.5 58.3 57.9 60 54.5 52.2 49.9 48.5 50 44.5 44.7 44.6 40 33.1 27.8 30 20 10 LUZON VISAYAS MINDANAO 0
Philippines: 48.9
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PERCENTAGE
REGION
Comparison of exclusively breastfed infants 0-5 months: Philippines, 2003,2008,2011*

60
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Percentage
50 40 30 20 10 0 2003 2008
Years
46.7 35.9 29.7
2011
Percentage of children with continued breastfeeding at 1 year (12-15 months) by region: Philippines, 2011
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PERCENTAGE
Philippines: 51.7
80 70
59.4
72.2
75.0
62.4 56.7 63.9
60
52.2
56.3 53.5
57.7
55.0
58.8
50 40 30 20 10 0
48.5
44.4 34.3
40.1
44.0
LUZON
VISAYAS
MINDANAO
REGION
Optional Indicator: Ever breastfeeding
Percentage of ever breastfed children 0-23 months, by region: Philippines, 2011

Philippines: 92.9
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Percentage
100
92.1
94.8
92.2 93.5 86.3
91.4
94.6 92.6 94.9 96.7
95.1 94.2
93.7 92.1 94.8 94.9 94.8
80 60 40 20
0
LUZON
VISAYAS
MINDANAO
Region
Comparison of ever breastfed infants 0-23 months: Philippines, 2003,2008,2011*
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Percent
89.6
89.5
92.9
2003
2008
Years
2011
* For comparison purposes, feeding practice is based on the usual feeding at the time of the survey (n=6,652)
Percentage of children with continued breastfeeding at 2 years by region: Philippines, 2011

Philippines: 28.9
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PERCENTAGE
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
43.7 39.8 29.9 24.8 21.1 40.3 34.6 27.0 30.7 26.4 22.0 20.7 30.3 29.4 36.9 30.0 30.4
LUZON
VISAYAS
MINDANAO
REGION
Comparison of mean duration of breastfeeding and exclusively breastfeeding: Philippines, 2003, 2008, & 2011*
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Months
8 6
7.7
2003 2008 2011
5.6
4.9
3.0
2 0 Breastfeeding
3.7
2.3
Exclusive Breastfeeding
Optional Indicator: Age-appropriate breastfeeding
Percentage of age-appropriate breastfeeding among children 0-23 months by region: Philippines, 2011
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70
PERCENTAGE
Philippines: 48.8
63.8
60
50
48.4 41.3
57.5
60.1
55.6 54.9 56.8 55.6 54.0 52.1
56.3
48.4
58.8
52.1
40
30 20 10 0
37.7 35.8
LUZON
VISAYAS
MINDANAO
REGION
Optional Indicator: Bottle feeding
Percentage of bottle fed children 0-23 months: Philippines, 2011
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Philippines: 44.7
60
50
49.6 41.3 44.2 36.1 31.3 26.2
51.8
51.6
50.0
40
PERCENTAGE
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
30 20
10
<2
2-3
4-5
6-7
8-9
10-11 12-15 16-19 20-23
Age in months
Reasons for exclusive breastfeeding among children 0-23 months: Philippines, 2008 and 2011
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Reasons
1. Nutritious/complete food 2. Economical 3. Increase immune response 4. Safe convenient and readily available 5. Stronger maternal-child bonding
* Multiple response
2008
35.8 41.7 7.6 12.0 4.3
2011
56.0 52.9 24.6 22.0 13.2
Reasons for stopping breastfeeding: Philippines, 2008 and 2011

Main Reasons
1. Inadequate milk flow 2. Working outside home/too busy
3. Child refused to breastfeed 4. Another pregnancy 5. Mother ill/weak
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2008
34.5 25.5
7.8 9.1 7.6
2011
32.4 20.3
14.0 7.9 6.2
Summary of breastfeeding indicators among children 0-23 months: Philippines, 2011

CORE INDICATORS
Initiation of BF after delivery Exclusive BF under 6 mos

OPTIONAL INDICATORS
51.9
48.9
51.7 92.9 48.8
Continued BF at 1yr
Ever Breastfed Age appropriate BF Continued BF at 2yrs

Predominant BF under 6 mos
28.9
7.2 44.7
0 20 40 60 Percentage 80 100
Bottle feeding
Challenges
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Intensify capacity building on IYCF among health workers, mothers/caregivers

Strengthen mother support systems for breastfeeding in the community Improve implementation of IYCF communication strategies
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Specific Objectives:
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To assess the nutritional status of 0-5 and 6-10 year-old children, pregnant and lactating women using anthropometric indicators of growth
To compare results from previous surveys
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METHODS
Softwares used in the analysis of weight and height data of children, 0-19 years old (0-228 months):
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WHO-CGS Software for children, 0-60 months (WHO Anthro 3.3.2)
WHO Growth Reference Software for children, 61-228 months (WHO Anthro Plus 1.0.3)
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Age groups of the WHO-Child Growth Standards for infants and young children, (0-60 months) and WHO Growth Reference 2007 for schoolaged children and adolescents (61-228 months) WHO Child Growth WHO Growth Indicators Standards Reference 2007 Weight-for-age 0-60 months 61-120 months (0-5.0 y) (5 y & 1 mo-10.0 y) Length/height-for0-60 months 61-228 months age (0-5.0 y) (5y & 1 mo-19.0 y) Weight-for0-60 months none length/ height (0-5.0 y) BMI-for-age 0-60 months 61-228 months (0-5.0 y) (5y & 1 mo-19.0 y)
Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 0-10 years old (0-120 months), based on WHO-CGS
Indicator/Nutritional Status Cut-off Points
<-2SD -2SD to +2SD >+2SD <-2SD -2SD to +2SD >+2SD <-2SD -2SD to +2SD >+2SD ***
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Weight-for-age Underweight Normal Overweight/Above normal Length/Height-for-age* Underheight/Stunting Normal Above average/tall Weight-for-length/height** Thin/Wasting Normal Overweight NEC
* Use also for children, 10 y & 1 mo to 19.0 y (121-228 months) ** Use only for children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months) ** NEC-not elsewhere classified, those whose heights were beyond the limits of the weight-for-height tables
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Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 0-5 years old (0-60 mos), based on BMI-for-age (WHO-CGS) Nutritional Status Severe thinness Thinness Normal Overweight Obesity Cut-off Points <-3SD <-2SD to -3SD -2SD to +2SD >+2SD to +3SD >+3SD
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Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 5.08-19.0 years old (61-228 months) based on the 2007 WHO Growth Reference BMIfor-age
Nutritional Status
Severe thinness Thinness Normal Overweight Obesity
Cut-off Points
<-3SD <-2SD to -3SD -2SD to +1SD >+1SD (equivalent to BMI 25 kg/m2 at 19 yrs) >+2SD (equivalent to BMI 30 kg/m2 at 19 yrs)
COVERAGE
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AGE/PHYSIOLOGICAL GROUP 0 to 5.0 y (0-60 months)

5.08 to 10.0 y (61-120 months) Pregnant Lactating
NUMBER 17,309
20,389 1,651 3,328
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RESULTS
Mean weight of 0-5.0 year-old children (0-60 months): Philippines, 2005 2011
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Mean height of 0-5.0 year-old children (0-60 months): Philippines, 2005 2011
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Nutritional status of children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), based on WHO-CGS weight-forage, height-for-age, weight-for-height, and BMI-for-age: Philippines, 2011
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100%
2.1
1.4
0.3
4.3
4.8
80% 60% 40%

20%
77.7
64.9
88.1
88.8
20.2
33.6 7.3 6.4
0% Wt-for-Age Ht-for-Age Underwt/Stunted/Wasted Wt-for-Ht BMI-for-Age Overwt/Obese/Tall NEC
Normal
Prevalence of undernourished children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by single age: Philippines, 2011
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Prevalence of malnourished children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months): Philippines, 2003 2011
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Prevalence of underweight among 0-5.0 yearold children (0-60 months) by age group based on WHO-CGS weight-for-age classification: Philippines, 2003 2011
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Prevalence of stunting among 0-5.0 year-old children (0-60 months) by age group based on WHO-CGS height-for-age classification: Philippines, 2003 2011
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Prevalence of wasting among 0-5.0 year-old children (0-60 months) by age group based on WHO-CGS weight-for-height classification: Philippines, 2003 2011
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Prevalence of overweight among 0-5.0 yearold children (0-60 months) by age group based on WHO-CGS weight-for-height classification: Philippines, 2003 2011
Prevalence of undernourished children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), in Luzon regions: 2008 and 2011
Region % Underweight % Stunting % Wasting
2008
2011
Prevalence of undernourished children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), in Visayas regions: 2008 and 2011
Region % Underweight % Stunting
% Wasting
2008
2011
Prevalence of undernourished children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), in Mindanao regions: 2008 and 2011
2008
2011
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Cut-off points in determining magnitude & severity of underweight & stunted children under-five years old (0 to <60 months), as public health problem (WHO, 1995)
Prevalence group Prevalence group for Underheight/ for Underweight Stunting < 10% < 20%
Magnitude & Severity Low
Medium
High Very High
10-19%
20-29% > 30%
20-29%
30-39% > 40%
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Cut-off points in determining magnitude & severity of wasted children under-five years old (0 to <60 months), as public health problem (WHO, 1995)
Magnitude & Severity Acceptable Prevalence Group for Thinness < 5%
Poor
Serious Critical
5-9%
10-14% > 15%
Magnitude of underweight children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by province
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CAMARINES NORTE
Phil. Ave.: 20.2
CAPIZ
GUIMARAS SIQUIJOR
BASILAN
Magnitude of stunted children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by province
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Phil. Ave.: 33.6
Magnitude of wasted children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by province
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Phil. Ave.: 7.3
SIQUIJOR
BASILAN
SULU
TAWI-TAWI
Prevalence of overweight among 0-5.0 year-old children (0-60 months) by region based on WHOCGS weight-for-height classification: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
Phil. Ave.: 4.3
Prevalence of overweight children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months) in Luzon regions based on WHO-CGS weight-for-height classification: 2008 and 2011
FNRI
Region
% Overweight-for-Height
*
2008 2011
Prevalence of overweight children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months) in Visayas regions based on WHO-CGS weight-for-height classification: 2008 and 2011
FNRI
Region
2008
2011
Prevalence of overweight children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months) in Mindanao regions based on WHOCGS weight-for-height classification: 2008 and 2011
FNRI
Region
2008
2011
Trends of malnutrition among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), based on WHO-CGS classification: Philippines, 1989-2011
FNRI
Trends in the prevalence of underweightfor-age among children, under-five years old (0 to <60 months), for monitoring of MDG Goal 1: 1990-2011
FNRI
The prevalence should be reduced by 6.6% points in 2015 with an average annual reduction of 1.65 %-points
MDG Target
SUMMARY
Among 0-5.0 years old children
FNRI
Undernutrition remains to be a public health problem which is particularly high in magnitude both for underweight (20.2%) and stunting (33.6%). The current situation of children is considered poor due to high prevalence of wasting (7.3%). Overnutrition is on the rise and an emerging concern particularly for children, 0-5 months, and those in selected regions in Luzon.
SUMMARY
Among 0-5.0 years old children
FNRI
Disparities across regions are still evident with high to very high prevalences of underweight and stunting mostly affecting children in selected provinces in Luzon and mostly those in Visayas and Mindanao regions.
To achieve the MDG target by 2015 for the underweight prevalence of under-five children, there should be an average reduction of 1.65%points per year.
FNRI
RESULTS
Mean weight of 5.08-10.0 year-old children (61-120 months): Philippines, 2005 2011
FNRI
Mean height of 5.08-10.0 year-old children (61-120 months) : Philippines, 2005 2011
FNRI
FNRI
Nutritional status of children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), based on WHO-CGS weight-forage, height-for-age and BMI-for-age: Philippines, 2011
1.9
100%
80%
0.9
7.5
66.0
65.5
84.0
60% 40% 20% 0% Wt-for-Age Ht-for-Age Normal BMI-for-Age Overwt/Obese/Tall Underwt/Stunted/Wasted
32.0
33.6
8.5
Prevalence of undernourished children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by single age: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
Prevalence of malnourished children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months): Philippines, 2003 2011
FNRI
FNRI
Prevalence of underweight among 5.08-10.0 year-old children (61-120 months) by age group based on WHO-CGS weight-for-age classification: Philippines, 2003 2011
FNRI
Prevalence of stunting among 5.08-10.0 yearold children (61-120 months) by age group based on WHO-CGS height-for-age classification: Philippines, 2003 2011
FNRI
Prevalence of wasting among 5.08-10.0 yearold children (61-120 months) by age group based on WHO-CGS BMI-for-age classification: Philippines, 2003 2011
FNRI
Prevalence of overweight among 5.08-10.0 year-old children (61-120 months) by age group based on WHO-CGS BMI-for-age classification: Philippines, 2003 2011
Prevalence of undernourished children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), in Luzon regions: 2008 and 2011
2008
2011
Prevalence of undernourished children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), in Visayas regions: 2008 and 2011
Region % Underweight % Stunting
% Wasting
2008
2011
Prevalence of undernourished children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), in Mindanao regions: 2008 and 2011
2008
2011
FNRI
Cut-off points in determining magnitude & severity of underweight & stunted children under-five years old (0 to <60 months), as public health problem (WHO, 1995)
Prevalence group Prevalence group for Underheight/ for Underweight Stunting < 10% < 20%
Magnitude & Severity Low
Medium
High Very High
10-19%
20-29% > 30%
20-29%
30-39% > 40%
FNRI
Cut-off points in determining magnitude & severity of wasted children under-five years old (0 to <60 months), as public health problem (WHO, 1995)
Magnitude & Severity Acceptable Prevalence Group for Thinness < 5%
Poor
Serious Critical
5-9%
10-14% > 15%
FNRI
Magnitude of underweight children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by province

Phil. Ave.: 32.0
FNRI
Magnitude of stunted children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by province

Phil. Ave.: 33.6
FNRI
BATAAN
Magnitude of wasted children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by province

AURORA
Phil. Ave.: 8.5
MARINDUQUE
ANTIQUE
TAWI-TAWI
Prevalence of overweight children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months) by region based on WHO-CGS BMI-for-age classification: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
Phil. Ave.: 7.5
Trends of malnutrition among children, 5.0810.0 years old (61-120 months), based on WHO CGS weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMIfor-age classification: Philippines, 2003-2011
FNRI
SUMMARY
Among 5.08-10.0 years old children
FNRI
Overall, there has been no improvement in the nutritional status of school children between 2008 and 2011 which remains to be high to very high in prevalence for stunting (33.6%) and underweight (32.0%).
Like the younger age group, the current situation of children is also considered to be poor due to wasting prevalence of 8.5%.
Overnutrition is gradually climbing particularly affecting selected regions in Luzon.
SUMMARY
Among 5.08-10.0 years old children
FNRI
Undernutrition remains to be a problem among school children in selected Southern Luzon areas and most of the areas in Visayas and Mindanao.
FNRI
RESULTS
FNRI
Cut-off Points used in classifying pregnant women based on weight-for-height (Magbitang, 1988)
Classification Cut-off Point
Nutritionally at-risk Not Nutritionally at-risk
<P95 >P95
Percent distribution of pregnant women by age-group and by weight-for-height classification: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
Age
(in years)
Nutritionally atrisk (< P95)

% 95% CI
Not nutritionally at-risk ( > P95)

% 95% CI
< 20
35.7
29.2-42.3
64.3
57.7-70.8
> 20
Overall
23.3
25.0
20.9-25.6
22.8-27.1
76.7
75.0
74.4-79.1
72.9-77.2
Percentage distribution of pregnant women by months of pregnancy and by weight-forheight classification: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
Months of Pregnancy 1st trimester 2nd trimester 3rd trimester
Nutritionally atrisk (< P95)
Not nutritionally at- risk ( > P95)
%
27.9 25.3 23.2
95% CI
22.8-33.1 21.9-28.6 19.8-26.6
%
72.1 74.7 76.8
95% CI
66.9-77.2 71.4-78.1 73.4-80.2
Overall
25.0
22.8-27.1
75.0
72.9-77.2
Trends in the prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women based on weightfor-height: Philippines, 1998-2011
FNRI
Prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women in Luzon regions based on weight-forheight: 2008 and 2011
FNRI
Region
% Nutritionally at-risk
2008
2011
Prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women in Visayas regions based on weightfor-height: 2008 and 2011
FNRI
Region
2008
2011
Prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women in Mindanao regions based on weightfor-height: 2008 and 2011
FNRI
Region
2008
2011
FNRI
RESULTS
FNRI
Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of lactating mothers, <20 years old based on the 2007 WHO Growth Reference BMI-for-age
Nutritional Status
Severe thinness Thinness Normal Overweight Obesity
Cut-off Points
<-3SD <-2SD to -3SD -2SD to +1SD >+1SD (equivalent to BMI 25 kg/m2 at 19 yrs) >+2SD (equivalent to BMI 30 kg/m2 at 19 yrs)
FNRI
Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of lactating mothers, >20 years old based on BMI for adults (NCHS/WHO, 1978)
Classification
Underweight
Cut-off Point
Normal Overweight Obese
< 18.5 18.5 to <25.0 25.0 to <30.0 > 30.0
Percent distribution of lactating mothers by age group and by nutritional status: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
Nutritional Status Age

(in years)
Underweight
Normal
Overweight
%
< 20 > 20 11.8 11.9
95% CI
7.9-15.8 10.7-13.1
%
81.4 69.3
95% CI
76.8-86.1 67.5-71.0
%
6.7 18.8
95% CI
3.7-9.8 17.3-20.3
Overall
11.9
10.8-13.1 70.4
68.7-72.0
17.7 16.4-19.1
Percent distribution of lactating mothers by months of lactation and by nutritional status: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
Months of Lactation
Nutritional Status
Underweight Normal Overweight
%
8.0 14.4
14.4
95% CI
6.4-9.5 12.0-16.8
12.2-16.6
%
72.0 70.2
68.7
95% CI
69.4-74.5 67.1-73.2
65.7-71.6
%
20.1 15.5
17.0
95% CI
17.8-22.4 13.1-17.8
14.6-19.3
0-6 7-12
> 12
Overall
11.9
10.8-13.1
70.4
68.7-72.0 17.7 16.4-19.1
Trends in the prevalence of underweight and overweight lactating mothers: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
Prevalence of malnourished lactating mothers by region based on BMI: Philippines, 2011

Region % Underweight % Overweight
FNRI
SUMMARY
Among Pregnant Women
FNRI
Overall, 1 in every 4 pregnant women is nutritionally at-risk of having pregnancy related complications or have the risk of delivering low birthweight infants
Highest proportion of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women were noted among those in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and decreases as pregnancy advances. Half of the regions in the country were noted to have higher proportions of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women than the national estimate of 25.0%
SUMMARY
Among Lactating Mothers
FNRI
One in every 10 lactating mothers is undernourished, while 2 in every 10 lactating mothers are overweight Undernutrition or chronic energy deficiency (CED) is a problem among lactating mothers who are >7 months of lactation while overweight is a problem among those in the first 6 months of lactation.
Six and nine of the regions in the country had higher proportions of CED and overweight lactating mothers than the national estimate, respectively.
FNRI
Objectives
General:
FNRI
To determine participation of children, aged 0 to 12 years old in government programs for health and nutrition
Specific:
1. To determine participation of children in the Expanded Immunization Program (EPI). 2. To determine participation of children in other government programs
Scope and Methodology

FNRI
children aged 0 to 5 years old (n= 22,405 )
children aged 6 to 12 years old (n= 32,456 ) Face-to-face interview using a pretested questionnaire.
Operational terms used based on DOH Circulars
FNRI
Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Garantisadong Pambata
Operation Timbang
Growth Monitoring
Day Care
Supplementary Feeding
Orally-fit Child
Deworming
Percent distribution of 0-4 years old children in BCG Immunization and its sources : Philippines, 2011
FNRI
Without BCG 5.1%
Source
With BCG 94.9%
Government 96.9% Private 3.1%
n= 18,416
Percent participation of 0-4 years old children by BCG Immunization by region in Luzon: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
REGIONS
% Total of immunized children
% Total immunized children from Govt facilities
Philippines
NCR CAR I Ilocos II Cagayan Valley III Central Luzon IV ACALABARZON IV B MIMAROPA V Bicol
94.9
97.9 97.2 95.9 94.3 97.3 96.2 93.0 94.0
92.0
94.4 93.7 90.5 91.8 92.6 89.5 91.3 91.5
Percent participation of 0-4 years old children by BCG Immunization by region in Visayas: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
REGIONS
Philippines
VI W. Visayas
94.9
97.2
92.0
96.3
VII C. Visayas
VIII E. Visayas
96.3
96.2
94.2
95.4
Percent participation of 0-4 year old children by BCG Immunization by region in Mindanao: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
REGIONS
Philippines
IX Zamboanga X N. Mindanao XI Davao Region XII SOCCSKSARGEN
94.9
91.5 95.0 96.4 94.5
92.0
91.0 93.0 95.2 93.3
XVI CARAGA
ARMM
96.9
73.1
95.8
72.1
FNRI
Immunization
No 1
Yes/ doses 2 3
Sources Total Govt Pvt.
OPV
7.6
5.4
4.3
82.7
92.4
96.9
3.1
DPT
7.5
5.5
4.4
82.6
92.5
96.9
3.1
Hepa-B
7.1
7.0
5.5
80.4
92.9
96.8
3.2
n= 18,416
Percent participation of 0-4 years old children by OPV, DPT, and Hepa B Immunization by region in Luzon: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
Percent of children participating in EPI
REGIONS
OPV DPT Hepa B
Philippines
NCR CAR I Ilocos
89.5
91.4 90.9 87.5
89.7
91.8 91.0 87.5
90.0
93.5 91.8 89.8
II C. Valley III C. Luzon

IV ACALABARZON IV B MIMAROPA V Bicol
88.8 90.9
87.9 88.7 87.7
90.7 89.6
87.9 89.5 87.9
90.3 88.7
87.8 89.2 88.0
Percent participation of 0-4 years old children by OPV, DPT, and Hepa B Immunization by region in Visayas: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
REGIONS
Percent of children participating in EPI
OPV Philippines
VI Western Visayas VII Central Visayas
DPT 89.6
93.5 93.1
Hepa B
89.9
95.7 92.2
89.5
93.4 93.1
VIII Eastern Visayas
93.8
93.8
94.0
Percent participation of 0-4 years old children by OPV, DPT, and Hepa B Immunization by region in Mindanao: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
REGIONS
Percent of children in participating in EPI OPV DPT Hepa B
Philippines
IX Zamboanga
X North Mindanao
89.5
88.7
91.0
89.6
88.9
91.3
89.9
89.4
90.8
XI Davao Region
XII SOCCSKSARGEN XVI CARAGA ARMM
92.4
90.4 94.5 68.8
92.1
91.1 95.3 68.8
93.9
90.2 94.7 68.0
Percent distribution of 0-4 years old children by Measles vaccine and its sources; Philippines , 2011
FNRI
Without Measles Vaccine
14.7
With Measles Vaccine
Source
97.2
85.3
Government
2.8% Private
n= 18,416
Percent participation of 0-4 years old children by Measles Immunization by region in Luzon: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
REGIONS
Philippines
NCR
CAR I Ilocos II Cagayan Valley III Central Luzon IVACALABARZON
85.3
90.1
88.8 87.5 86.5 82.6 86.1
82.9
87.4
86.7 84.5 83.9 79.0 80.4
IVB MIMAROPA
V Bicol
81.0
83.2
80.1
81.2
Percent participation of 0-4 years old children by Measles Immunization by region in Visayas: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
REGIONS
Philippines
VI W. Visayas VII C.Visayas VIII E.Visayas
85.3
87.4 87.0 89.5
82.9
86.1 85.2 88.7
Percent participation of 0-4 years old children by Measles Immunization by region in Mindanao: Philippines, 2011
FNRI
REGIONS
Philippines
IX Zamboanga X N. Mindanao XI Davao Region XII SOCCSKSARGEN XVI CARAGA ARMM
85.3
80.5 86.4 87.4 86.3 89.9 64.4
82.9
80.1 84.9 86.6 86.0 88.8 63.6
Percent distribution of 9-12 months old children who are Fully Immunized: Philippines , 2011
FNRI
Not Fully Immunized Fully Immunized
38.5%
61.5%
n= 1,012
Percent distribution of children in Expanded Immunization Program (EPI): Philippines, 2008 and 2011
FNRI
100 80 60 40 20 0
94.9 86.1 85.3 82.4
92.5
92.4 85.9 85.3
92.9
Percentage
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
45.7
BCG* BCG
Measles*
DPT DPT
OPV
Hepa B* HepaB
2008
*p<0.05
2011
Percent distribution of children by programs of Garantisadong Pambata: Philippines, 2008 and 2011
FNRI
100
84.5
91.6
80 60
Percentage
72.1
79.3 63.3
59 53.3 39.5 32.5
40 20 0
37.6
18.6
14.3
GM*
OPT*
2008
SF*
OFC*
2011
VIT. A* Deworming*
*p<0.05
FNRI
Percent participation of 6-12 year old children by deworming: Philippines, 2011

Not Dewormed 1.4 Do not know
FNRI
23.7
Dewormed 74.9
30.9
GP
10.8
At Home
3.6
Others
53.3
School
1.4
do not know
n= 18,839
FNRI
100 80 64.1 60 40 20 0 2008

*p<0.05
74.9
2011
FNRI
Practice
Hand washing, before meals
Yes, Yes, always sometimes

82.0 13.2
Do not Know
1.4
Never
3.5
Hand washing, after meals Hand washing, after toilet use
80.4
12.9
1.4
5.3
92.4
4.3
1.3
2.0
n= 32,456
Brushing teeth
68.5
28.1
1.4
2.1
SUMMARY
FNRI
Although immunization coverage among children was high at 92%, complete doses of OPV, DPT and Hepa B was only about 80%
Among regions, ARMM was consistently low in immunization coverage and participation in Garantisadong Pambata programs
Among the various immunization, coverage of measles was the lowest at 85%.
CHALLENGES
FNRI
To reduce child mortality and improve nutritional status of children, 0-12 years old: Efforts should be intensified to achieve the 90% vaccination coverage and Fully Immunized Child, especially in routine immunization activities
Deworming of all preschool and school children should be strengthened

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FNRI

FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Multi-Stage Stratified Sampling Design

3rd Stage Households all household members in sample households

All 17 Regions 79 Provinces & NCR 3,136 Enumeration Areas (EAs)

Percentage distribution of individuals by age and by sex: Philippines, 2011

To provide a continuing flow of updated information on the ff:

Training and Pre-survey conferences

DEPARTMENT Presentation & OF Dissemination SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Data Management and Analysis

MAIN TYPE 1 OF FUEL

Telephone Radio Computer Sewing Machine

2 Wood 3 4 LPG 5 6 Charcoal 7 Kerosene 8 9 Electricity 10 and above Natural gas

PERCENT 4.8 (n=38,894)

Electric Fan Refrigerator Camera Aircon

Wallclock Range Others Piano

Mean Household Animal Dung Size

0.2 5.05 0.1 0.5

Single or 1 Person 2-person household/couple Single/Nuclear Family

cleaned data set

Extended two-family Extended more than two-family

FACE-TO-FACE INTERVIEW for other household information

Percentage distribution by type of household: Philippines, 2011

Single or 1 Person 2-person household/couple Single/Nuclear Family

Extended two-family Extended more than two-family

Percentage distribution of households by household size: Philippines, 2011

HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 and above Mean Household Size

Demographic characteristics of household head: Philippines, 2011

Percentage distribution of households by present occupation of household head: Philippines, 2011

Percentage distribution of households by workplace of household head: Philippines, 2011

Percentage distribution of households by educational attainment of household head: Philippines, 2011

* Arabic Schooling, special education for PWDs

TYPE & OWNERSHIP OF DWELLING/LOT

Percentage distribution of households by number of bedroom: Philippines, 2011

NUMBER OF BEDROOMS No bedroom

MAIN TYPE OF FUEL

44.1 23.9 19.7 7.4 3.3

PERCENT (n=38,894) 86.1

With Electricity (meter connection)

Percentage distribution of households who owned appliances: Philippines, 2011

45.2 41.7 41.2 37.0 27.3 26.4 11.9 12.1

11.7 8.0 7.9 3.5 1.0

Television VCD Washing Machine Blender Generator

Telephone Radio Computer Sewing Machine

Electric Fan Refrigerator Camera Aircon

Wallclock Range Others Piano

Percentage distribution of households by main source of drinking water: Philippines, 2011

MAIN SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER

EFFORT IN MAKING DRINKING WATER SAFE

TYPE AND USAGE OF TOILET FACILITY

82.7 7.7 9.6 75.7 13.0 1.7 9.6

46.5 37.2 21.7 13.4

Objectives of the Study

To assess the feeding practices of children aged 0-23 months

Criteria defining selected infant feeding practices*

Allows the infant to receive

Does not allow the infant to d receive

Percentage distribution of children, 0-23 months by age group: Philippines, 2011

Predominant Breastfeeding Breastfeeding with Complementary foods

Exclusive BF BF+ complementary foods Foods w/o any milk

Predominant BF Other milk+foods

29.9 55.4 6.2

45.2 39.4 3.6