IPU MIB NOTES

The purpose of this research paper is to demonstrate the impact of MIS training on the performance of the TATA employees, specially this paper accentuates on the core know-how of SAP( system application product), and the employees performance are measured with the help of SAP. The data have collected through primary and secondary data, conclusion has been drawn from questionnaire which have been tabulated and presented through diagrams. The recommendations and conclusions form the last part of this paper.

KEYWORDS

MIS, SAP, PERFORAMNCE, TRAINING, EMPLOYEES

INTRODUCTION
The foundation of the Organization was led down on 1st April in the year 1929. The organization is basically controlled and manages by Federal government. The main function and responsibilities of the organization is to maintain the federal as well as the provincial government accounts and audit. Most of the activities in the accountant general were first performed manually, which was cumbersome and headache job for all of the employees within the organization by keeping this problem the organization was first redesigned in the year 1970. In the era of new digital age the government decided to launch a new computerized system in all the organization for maintaining and recording all of the accounts and audit transactions, management information system was first introduced in the year 1980. And in the year 2003 a new system, system application program was started to facilitate and accelerate all of the financial and accounting reporting activities which are an indispensable step of the government. The system application program is link with various department of the organization and all the departments are able to generate reports regarding Human resource, financial, funds, budgets employees records and pay slips of as well. They pointed out in their article that the organization science such as marketing, accounting, and information system playing a very dominant role in the organization development and growth from last 30 years, on the basis of which organization can easily find and identify the future direction of research. They stated in their paper that organization performance increase with the investment in technology by the organization Its impact also on its sale, employees performance, market share and value, more computer capital brings more change in sale, assets and equity. They collected data from 575 small business firm in Hong Kong tested that data with different factors, the result suggest that those organization using perception base model technology approach are comparatively useful in decision making .The adopter firm benefits also include the low financial cost and technical competence than those of non adopter firms.

Scope and Significance of Research

The reason of this research study is to know about the impact of management information system in the performance and efficiency of the employees. As in todays modern world every one know that the importance of MIS for organization. This system has increased the overall departments performance of the organization as the system link with other accounts offices i.e. treasury offices where all the record of Funds, balance sheet, history services certificates, pay slips, employees separate records can easily now traced by the comptroller of accounts and assistant account officer and other sub accountants and senior auditors. But the main hindrance in the way is the old staff because the old staff are opposed this new system they did not know the basic know how and they are not familiar to this new system they are using that traditionally old manual system of recording and posting of transactions, but government now providing training to all old staff and new ones to cope the situation but it still need young and talented people to come and play dominant role by utilizing this new technology

QUES 1 a) risk

Definition of 'Foreign-Exchange Risk'

1. The risk of an investment's value changing due to changes in currency exchange rates. 2. The risk that an investor will have to close out a long or short position in a foreign currency at a loss due to an adverse movement in exchange rates. Also known as "currency risk" or "exchange-rate risk".
This risk usually affects businesses that export and/or import, but it can also affect investors making international investments. For example, if money must be converted to another currency to make a certain investment, then any changes in the currency exchange rate will cause that investment's value to either decrease or increase when the investment is sold and converted back into the original currency. b)

Definition of 'Hedge'
Making an investment to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in an asset. Normally, a hedge consists of taking an offsetting position in a related security, such as a futures contract.

An example of a hedge would be if you owned a stock, then sold a futures contract stating that you will sell your stock at a set price, therefore avoiding market fluctuations. Investors use this strategy when they are unsure of what the market will do. A perfect hedge reduces your risk to nothing (except for the cost of the hedge). A hedge can be constructed from many types of financial instruments, including stocks, exchange-traded funds, insurance, forward contracts, swaps, options, many types of over-the-counter and derivative products, and futures contracts.

c)

Definition of 'Derivative'
A security whose price is dependent upon or derived from one or more underlying assets. The derivative itself is merely a contract between two or more parties. Its value is determined by fluctuations in the underlying asset. The most common underlying assets include stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates and market indexes. Most derivatives are characterized by high leverage

Futures contracts, forward contracts, options and swaps are the most common types of derivatives. Derivatives are contracts and can be used as an underlying asset. There are even derivatives based on weather data, such as the amount of rain or the number of sunny days in a particular region. Derivatives are generally used as an instrument to hedge risk, but can also be used for speculative purposes. For example, a European investor purchasing shares of an American company off of an American exchange (using U.S. dollars to do so) would be exposed to exchange-rate risk while holding that stock. To hedge this risk, the investor could purchase currency futures to lock in a specified exchange rate for the future stock sale and currency conversion back into Euros.

d) Definition of 'Swap'
Traditionally, the exchange of one security for another to change the maturity (bonds), quality of issues (stocks or bonds), or because investment objectives have changed. Recently, swaps have grown to include currency swaps and interest rate swaps.
If firms in separate countries have comparative advantages on interest rates, then a swap could benefit both firms. For example, one firm may have a lower fixed interest rate, while another has access to a lower floating interest rate. These firms could swap to take advantage of the lower rates.

e) Definition of 'Risk Management'

The process of identification, analysis and either acceptance or mitigation of uncertainty in investment decision-making. Essentially, risk management occurs anytime an investor or fund manager analyzes and attempts to quantify the potential for losses in an investment and then takes the appropriate action (or inaction) given their investment objectives and risk tolerance. Inadequate risk management can result in severe consequences for companies as well as individuals. For example, the recession that began in 2008 was largely caused by the loose credit risk management of financial firms.
Simply put, risk management is a two-step process - determining what risks exist in an investment and then handling those risks in a way best-suited to your investment objectives. Risk management occurs everywhere in the financial world. It occurs when an investor buys low-risk government bonds over more risky corporate debt, when a fund manager hedges their currency exposure with currency derivatives and when a bank performs a credit check on an individual before issuing them a personal line of credit.