Prelim 2008-Chemistry/5072/01

Answers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

B C A A B D D B C D

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

A D C B C B B B D A

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

C D D C A A B D C B

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

D A C D D B D C B C

Paper 2 / Section A / 5072/02

A1
(a) Silver chloride / calcium carbonate
(b) Magnesium hydroxide and dilute nitric acid
(c) Ammonium sulphate
(d) Calcium carbonate / Calcium oxide
(e) Magnesium hydroxide
(f) Lead(II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide
(Penalise ½ m each for formula instead of name)

A2
(a) (i) It is ionic because it has a high melting point.
(ii)

+ 3
xx oo
x o
x x x x
3 x Na x o N
o
o
x x = electron of sodium
xx xo
o = electron of nitrogen

2008 AND Prelim Chem Answers 1 prepared by Mok Lai Koin

(b) Ammonium chloride
(c) Na3N + 4HCl + → 3NaCl + NH4Cl
(d) *Heat solution to dryness.
*Separate the ammonium chloride by sublimation.
*Ammonium chloride is collected on a cold surface .
*Sodium chloride is left behind in the container.

A3
(a) Cell P: Cu → Cu2+ + 2e
Cell Q: Ag → Ag+ + e
Cell R: 4OH- → 2H2O + O2 + 4e

(b) (i) *No. of moles of copper lost = (0.81 ÷ 64) = 0.0127

*No. of moles of silver lost = (2.70 ÷ 108) = 0.0250

The number of moles of copper lost is half that of silver lost.

(ii) The charge on copper (II) ion is double that of silver

(c) (i) *Oxygen produced reacted with the aluminium anode to form *aluminium oxide.

(ii) The anode is covered up by aluminium oxide, a non-conductor of electricity.

A4
(a) (i) Haematite / Magnetite
(ii) Limestone: Remove acidic impurities / SiO2
Coke: As fuel (or burn to produce heat) / as reducing agent
(iii) Iron produced is *impure and is *brittle / not malleable or ductile.

(b) When dented, the iron is *exposed to atmospheric oxygen and water vapour.
*The iron will rust as *it being more reactive than tin, will *lose electrons more readily.
A5
(a) Alkanes
Butane has the same general molecular formula, CnH2n+2.
OR It is a hydrocarbon with only single bonds / saturated

(b) 2C4H10 (g) + 13O2 (g) → 8CO2 (g) + 10H2O (l)

- balanced equation with correct formulae
- state symbols

2008 AND Prelim Chem Answers 2 prepared by Mok Lai Koin

(c) No. of moles of butane burnt = (600 ÷ 24000) = 0.0250
Amount of heat evolved = 0.0250 X 2880 kJ = 72.0 kJ

(d)
Energy
*Activation energy /Ea
*C4H10 (g) + 6½ O2 (g)

*∆H = -2880 kJ
*4CO2 (g) + 5H2O (l)

Time
(e) The total amount of energy absorbed in breaking the bonds is less than that liberated in
forming new bonds.

A6
(a) (i) 0800 h and 1930 h
(ii) The number of cars on the roads during these times is at the highest.
Thus, *rate of *incomplete combustion of petrol/carbon-containing fuels in the car
engines is at the highest.

(iii) *Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin in the blood and thus,
*prevents the blood/haemoglobin from transporting oxygen in the body.

(b) Nitrogen dioxide is also produced in the car engines where the high temperature causes
the nitrogen and oxygen in the air to combine.

(c) (i) 4CO + 2NO2 → 4CO2 + N2

(ii) Carbon monoxide is oxidised as it gains oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
Nitrogen dioxide is reduced as it loses oxygen to form nitrogen gas.
(max of ½ m only for each statement if products are not mentioned)

A7
(a) (i) *Bacteria and oxygen in the air, cause the *oxidation of ethanol in the beer to form
ethanoic acid.
C2H5OH + O2 → CH3COOH + H2O

(ii) Beer is produced by *fermentation, in which *carbon dioxide is the by-product.

–C= C–
2008 AND Prelim Chem Answers 3 prepared by Mok Lai Koin
(b) (i) –O–H or

(ii) Easier to mould into various shapes or colour / more resistant to chemical
attacks / non-biodegradable and thus more durable.

Paper 2 / Section B (30 marks)

B8
(a) (i) Cl2 + 2Br- → 2Cl- + Br2
(ii) *Absorbance increases linearly with time / is directly proportional to time.
*Chlorine being more reactive, *displaces bromine from the solution / oxidises the
bromide ions to bromine.
*As aqueous bromine is reddish-brown, the darker solution formed absorbs more
light.

(b) *Speed of reaction is highest at the beginning (in the first minute) as the #concentration
of bromide ions is at its highest.
The reaction speed *decreases with time (between 2nd - 5th min) as the #concentration
of the bromide ions decreases, resulting in a ^decrease in the frequency of effective
collision between reacting particles,
The speed becomes zero (after 5th min) when *all the bromide ions are used up, and the
reaction stops with no more bromine being formed.
(max of ½ for each statement if incomplete/missing details, but correct key concepts)

(c) (i) Experiment 2

(ii) Rate of reaction is inversely proportional to the time taken for the reaction to
finish.

(iii)*Same absorbance reading at the end of the reaction was obtained because of the
*same number of moles / concentration of bromide ions (limiting reactant) was
reacted in both experiments.

*Experiment 3 took a shorter time (half the time) for reaction to finish because the
reaction was carried out at a *higher temperature / chlorine was pumped at higher
pressure.

B9
(a) (i) Tube X *as a condenser to *prevent escape of unreacted vapours
(ii) Acts as solvent / catalyst
(iii) (1)
H C6H5

C C (where n is a very large number)

2008 AND Prelim Chem Answers 4 prepared by Mok Lai Koin
H H
n
 (2) Conserves land as less landfill sites are required for waste disposal
OR Heat produced by burning can be used to power industrial processes.

(b) (i) (1) Aqueous bromine turns from reddish-brown to colourless.

(2) Effervescence is observed.

(ii) (1) H H
O O
H H
C C C C
H O O
H OH C C O H

H H
[Deduct ½m for poor ending on each side]

(2) Terylene
(3) It is formed by the elimination of water molecules.

B10 Either
(a) Y, X, Cu, Z
(b) (i) X: Mg / Zn / Fe
Z: Ag / Au
(ii) Reddish-brown/brown/pink/pinkish-brown solid / deposit formed.
Blue solution turns colourless (pale green if X is Fe).

(c) *Electrolysis (of molten chloride of Y)

*Y is a very reactive metal, which forms *very stable chloride.
*Electrolysis provides a lot of energy required to break the strong bonds / reduce the
chloride to the metal.

(d) (i) Used metals are collected, melted down into blocks of clean metals for re-use.[1]
(ii) Saves energy and conserves energy resources (fossil fuels) as less energy is
required for recycling compared with extraction of metals from ores.
OR Fewer landfill sites will be required to dispose of waste metals, thus saves land or
saves on cost of building landfill sites.
(iii) Iron rust while aluminium is corrosion resistant. Thus, rust removal is required
during the recycling or iron.

2008 AND Prelim Chem Answers 5 prepared by Mok Lai Koin

 OR Iron has a higher melting point and requires more energy to melt than aluminium.
OR Iron is denser/bulkier and thus is harder to collect/transport for recycling.

B10 OR
(a)
oo
•• o F o ••
o xoo • = electron of chlorine
• x x • x = electron of carbon
Cl • C • Cl • o = electron of fluorine
•
xo
•• o o ••
F
o o
oo

(ii) Substitution reaction

(iii) *In the presence of sunlight, *CFCs decompose to form chlorine atoms.
*The chlorine atoms react with the ozone molecules to *form chlorine oxide and
oxygen, thus destroying the ozone layer.

(iv)*It filters/shields/screens the earth from excessive uv radiation/light that could lead
to increased incidence of *skin cancer/genetic mutation/eye damage or cataract in
man.

(b) (i) Absence of chlorine

(ii) They contain hydrogen
(iii)
H Cl H Cl

H – C = C – Cl H–F H – C – C – Cl

H F

2008 AND Prelim Chem Answers 6 prepared by Mok Lai Koin