CHAPTER 1 LEGAL MEDICINE Legal Medicine - Is that branch of medicine that a lies! medical and s"rgical conce ts!

scientific #no$ledge and s#ills to medico legal iss"es! in order to assist the trier of facts in the ro er dis ensation of %"stice& Medical '"ris r"dence - is the st"d( of the Medical La$ and its a licable '"ris r"dence that go)erns! reg"lates and defines the ractice of medicine& In the Phili ines! Legal Medicine is the a ro riate name for *orensic Medicine& Modern Legal medicine has a broad range of a lications! it is "sed in ci)il cases s"ch as aternit( and filiation! ann"lment of marriage! DNA testing ! etc& In all cases the medical e+aminer m"st cond"ct an in)estigation of the crime scene and also an a"to s(&

B testamentar( ca acit( of a erson ma#ing a $ill B the right to hereditar( s"ccession D& Criminal La$ - *elonies and circ"mstances $hich affect criminal liabilit( - Ci)il liabilit( e+ delict" - Crimes relati)e to o i"m and rohibited dr"gs - Crimes against ersons - Crimes against chastit( - Crimes against ci)il stat"s of ersons - ,"asi ; offenses E& Remedial La$ - Ph(sical and Mental E+amination of a erson - Hos italiFation of insane ersons - R"les of E)idence :& . ecial La$s B Dangero"s Dr"g Act B 2o"th and Child Aelfare Code B .anitation Code B Ins"rance la$ B Labor Code B Em lo(ees Com ensation La$ 8& C/RP-. DELICTI B Is the bod( or s"bstance of the crime and is defined as the fact that a crime act"all( has been committed& In all criminal rosec"tions! the b"rden is on the rosec"tion to ro)e the cor "s delicti& ,-ANT-M /* PR//* 1& In Ci)il Cases ; the 1"ant"m of roof necessar( to ro)e a ci)il com laint is a PREP/NDERANCE /* E5IDENCE& The art( filing or bringing a ci)il com laint has the b"rden of roof and m"st establish the tr"th and righteo"sness of his allegations b( a re onderance of the e)idence admitted b( a com etent co"rt& D& In Criminal Cases ; the 1"ant"m is roof be(ond reasonable do"bt& - In a criminal case the acc"sed is entitled to an ac1"ittal! "nless his g"ilt is sho$n be(ond reasonable do"bt - Pres"m tion of INN/CENCE is a concl"sion dra$n b( the constit"tion and the la$ in fa)or of the acc"sed ! $hile REA./NAGLE D/-GT! is a condition of mind rod"ced b( roof res"lting from e)idence in the case& E& To establish matters of defense B The doctrine of reasonable do"bt a lies onl( to incriminati)e facts& :& To establish self defense B /ne $ho sets " .EL* DE*EN.E 3 m"st rel( on the strength of his o$n e)idence and not on the $ea#ness of that of the rosec"tion4& 8& To establish Alibi B It m"st be ro)ed b( ositi)e! dear and satisfactor( e)idence& 3 /ral E)idence4 of alibi is so easil( man"fact"red and "s"all( "nreliable that it can rarel( be gi)en credence& <& In Administrati)e Com laints

TECHNI,-E. /* LEGAL MEDICINE0 - Legal Medicine "ses so histicated laborator( techni1"es to detect the resence of s"bstances in the )ictim! in the s"s ected criminal! or at the crime scene& - *orensic e+amination of s"bstances fo"nd at a crime scene can often establish the resence of the s"s ect at the crime scene& LEGAL MEDICINE AND THE LEGAL .2.TEM - Co"rts ro"tinel( call " on h(sicians to gi)e e+ ert testimon( in a trial! es eciall( concerning the findings of an a"to s( and the res"lts of laborator( tests& - As an e+ ert $itness he is allo$ed to e+ ress an o inion abo"t the )alidit( of the e)idence in a case and ma( 1"ote the statements of other e+ erts in s" ort of an o inion& - /rdinar( testimon( is restricted to statements concerning $hat the $itness act"all( sa$ or heard& - The e)idence to be resented b( the legal medicine e+ ert m"st signif( a relation bet$een the facts called the 3 *act"m Proband"m4 or ro osition to be established and the 3 fact"m Probans4 $hich is the material e)idencing the ro osition& - The Ph(sician m"st resent RELE5ANT! MATERIAL AND C/MPETENT E5IDENCE& HI.T/R2 /* LEGAL MEDICINE0 - Pa"l"s 6acchias 7 189: ; 1<8= > is the ? *ather of *orensic Medicine4& He $as the first to describe the im ortance and a lication of medicine to the ro er administration of %"stice& In the Phil& ! the father of Legal Medicine can be rightf"ll( besto$ed to Dr& Pedro P& .olis& His boo# on Legal Medicine co (righted in 1=9@! contains the most e+tensi)e treatise and teachings in Phili ine Legal Medicine& APPLICATI/N /* LEGAL MEDICINE T/ LAA0 Legal Medicine is A lied to La$ 1& Ci)il la$ B the determination and termination of ci)il ersonalit( B the limitation or restriction of a nat"ral ersonCs ca acit( to act B marriage and legal se aration B aternit( and filiation

B In cases filed before administrati)e or 1"asi %"dicial bodies! a fact ma(be deemed established if it s" orted b( 3 s"bstantial e)idence4 $hich means that amo"nt of rele)ant e)idence $hich a reasonable mind might acce t as ade1"ate to %"stif( a concl"sion& CHAPTER D MEDICAL AND H/.PITAL '-RI.PR-DENCE Medical '"ris r"dence0 - Is the st"d( of the Medical La$ and its a licable '"ris r"dence! that go)erns! reg"lates! and defines the ractice of medicine& - It incl"des the rights! d"ties! obligations and liabilities of both h(sician and atient to each other in a h(sician atient rofessional contract& The *ollo$ing Acts Constit"te the Practice of Medicine0 1& To h(sicall( e+amine and diagnose a atient& D& To h(sicall( e+amine and treat a atient E& To h(sicall( e+amine and erform s"rger( in a atient :& To h(sicall( e+amine and rescribe an( remed( to a atient& An( erson $ho ractice an( of the abo)e acts en"merated! $itho"t an( )alid certificate of registration as a h(sician! is racticing illegal medicine&

@& The right to ri)ac( and confidentialit(& 9& The right to a second or third o inion& =& The right to lea)e& 1H& The right to information& 11& The right to self determination& 1D& The right to ref"se artici ation in medical research 1E& The right to e+ ress grie)ance 1:& The right to be informed of his rights and obligations& /bligations of the Patients to their Ph(sicians 7 Refer to Goo# >

./CIATAL RIGHT. /* THE PATIENT. *R/M THE G/5ERNEMNT 7 Refer to Goo# > RIGHT. INHERENT IN THE PRACTICE /* MEDICINE0 1& The right to choose his atients D& The right to limit the ractice of his rofession E& The right to determine a ro riate treatment roced"res in the discretion and %"dgment of the h(sician& :& The right to a)ail of hos ital ri)ileges after being 1"alified& 8& The right to recei)e %"st and fair com ensation from his atients& Liabilities of a Ph(sician Ahich Ma( Arise from His Negligent or Arongf"l Acts or /missions0 1& Administrati)e Liabilit( B A com laint "nder oath can be filed before the Professional Reg"lation Commission Goard of Medicine! for re rimand! of the license to ractice medicine& D& Criminal Liabilit( B Ahen an act or omission constit"tes a crime! the h(sician can be im risoned or fined or both! as an( other rofession& E& Ci)il Liabilit( B The aggrie)ed art( can be a$arded monetar( damages for an( $rongf"l or negligent act or omission! $hen the rofessional is fo"nd g"ilt(& CA.E. 7 Refer to Goo# > E+& Negligent or Arongf"l Act Medical mal ractice is a artic"lar form of negligence $hich consists in the fail"re of a h(sician or s"rgeon to a l( to his ractice of medicine that degree of care and s#ill $hich is ordinaril( em lo(ed b( the rofession generall(! "nder similar conditions! and in li#e s"rro"nding circ"mstances There are *o"r Elements in)ol)ed in medical negligent cases0 1& D"t( D& Greach E& In%"r( :& Pro+imate Ca"sation ; It has been recogniFed that e+ ert testimon( is "s"all( necessar( to s" ort the concl"sion as to ca"sation& E+& Ahether A Hos ital ma( be Held Liable for the Negligence of Ph(sicians ; Cons"ltants allo$ed to Practice in its Premises& CHAPTER E DEATH Legal Pres"m tion of Death0 - If absent $itho"t e+ lanation from his or her "s"al or last lace of residence for a long contin"o"s eriod& - Circ"mstantial roof of death

The Nat"re of the Ph(sician Patient Professional Relationshi is 1& Consens"al0 B based on m"t"al consent of both atient and h(sician& B Contracts that are consens"al in nat"re! are erfected " on mere meetings of the minds D& *id"ciar(0 B fo"nded in tr"st! faith! and confidence re osed b( one erson in the integrit( and fidelit( of another& D-TIE. AND /GLIGATI/N. /* THE PH2.ICIAN T/AARD. HI. PATIENT.0 1& He m"st ossess that #no$ledge and s#ill ossessed b( an a)erage h(sician& D& He m"st "se s"ch #no$ledge and s#ill $ith ordinar( care and d"e diligence& E& He is obliged to e+ercise his best %"dgment in good faith& :& He has the d"t( to #ee the secrets and confidentialities of his atients& The Terms and Conditions not incl"ded in the Ph(sician Patient Professional Relationshi Contract 7 refer to boo# > The onl( romise or g"arant( that the la$ re1"ires is that! the h(sician $ill treat the atient in accordance $ith the standards of medical care&

PATIENT. RIGHT. RE.PECTED G2 PH2.ICIAN.0 1& The right to a ro riate medical care and h"mane treatment& D& The right to his religio"s belief& E& The right to ref"se treatment& :& The right to Informed Consent& 8& The right to choose his h(sician& <& The right to medical records&

E+& a assenger on an air lane that crashed is considered to ha)e died e)en if no remains can be reco)ered& R"les of E)idence in R"le 1E1! section 8 aragra h I! aragra h ''! and aragra h JJ& In common la$ the res"m tion of death does not arise "ntil the e+ iration of se)en (ears of contin"o"s absence&

Death Certificate! e)en tho"gh the heart is still beating! and ma#e arrangements to har)est donor organs and tiss"es at this stage& *"rther! in the resence of brain stem death! artificial res irators onl( achie)e the maintenance of an o+(genated circ"lation thro"gh a cor se or cada)er&

DEATH ; I. THE C/MPLETE CE..ATI/N /* ALL THE 5ITAL *-NCTI/N. /* THE G/D2 AITH/-T P/..IGILIT2 /* RE.-.CITATI/N& THE A.CERTAINMENT /* DEATH I. A MEDICAL AND N/T A LEGAL PR/GLEM& Death ma(be A& Grain Death ; occ"rs $hen there is a dee l( irre)ersible coma! and absence of electrical brain acti)it(& G& Cardio Res irator( Death ; occ"rs $hen there is contin"o"s and ersistent cessation of heart action and res iration& : Jinds of Death0 1& Clinical or .omatic Death D& Grain Death E& Giological Death :& Cell"lar Death Clinical or .omatic Death - This artic"lar #ind of death occ"rs $hen in the %"dgment of the h(sician $ith the "se of his clinical e(e the bod(Cs )ital signs of life cease to e+ist contin"o"sl( and ermanentl(& - The clinical death is )erifiable onl( b( a h(sician after he obser)es that the atient no longer has a heart beat no "lse rate! no s ontaneo"s breathing and mo)ement! $ith the " ils of the e(e $idel( dilated and not reacti)e to light and accommodation& - Ahen a clinicall( dead erson is bro"ght to the morg"e the generaliFed contraction of the m"scles or Rigor Mortis of the bod( $ithin E to < ho"rs! ma( sim"late a ret"rn to life! beca"se of the motion or mo)ement of the bod(& GRAIN DEATH - This #ind of death follo$s clinical death ; almost immediatel( "nless res"scitati)e roced"res are started rom tl(! beca"se the h"man brain "nder normal conditions cannot s"r)i)e loss of o+(gen for more than < to 1H min"tes& - Grain Death ma( occ"r in the .tage 1 ; Cerebral Corte+B the highest center of the brain that is most sensiti)e to changes in the s" l( of o+(gen and blood to the brain& Ahen the cerebral corte+ dies! the atient is in cortical death& .tage D B Cerebell"m ; It deals $ith the f"nction of e1"ilibri"m& It follo$s the death of the cerebral corte+& .tage E ; Grainstem and 5ital centers ; These centers controlling res iration! heart rate and blood ress"re! "ltimatel( die& Ahen it does! the atient is! Grain .tem Dead& If the brain stem is damaged! then the )ital centers in the med"lla ma(be destro(ed! ca"sing the res irator( center to fail& The occ"rrence of brain stem death is e1"i)alent to Legal Death! so that Doctors can no$ iss"e a

CRITERIA */R DIAGN/.ING GRAIN .TEM DEATH& 7 refer to te+tboo# > Persistent 5egetati)e .tate 7 P5. > - This condition e+ists! $hen irre)ersible destr"ction of the Corte+ of the brain occ"rs $itho"t damage to the )ital centers! and there are ermanent e(es ; o en state of "nconscio"sness! b"t cardio res irator( f"nctions contin"e! sometimes $itho"t res irator( assistance! b"t most often $ith res irator( s" ort& - The( do not ho$e)er match the clinical criteria of Grain Death! in as m"ch as the( ha)e elicitable refle+es! s ontaneo"s res irations and reactions to e+ternal stim"li& HAR5ARD CRITERIA /* AH/LE GRAIN DEATH0 1& -nrece ti)it( and -nres onsiti)it( D& No s ontaneo"s mo)ements or breathing E& No refle+es :& *lat EEG of Confirmator( )al"e AH/LE GRAIN DEAD - Ahen the brain ceased all f"nctions! e)en tho"gh the heart contin"es to beat& As a r"le doctors can legall( declare $hole brain death t$el)e ho"rs after the( ha)e corrected all treatable medical roblems! b"t the brain still doesnCt res ond e)en to ind"ced ain ! the( e(es do not react to light and the erson doesnCt breath $itho"t a res irator& GI/L/GICAL DEATH - All the com onents of the brain are dead - There is also ermanent e+tinction of bodil( life& - It is cardiores irator( and brain death altogether $ith ermanent cessation of all the anatomic and h(siological f"nctions of the bod( organs& CELL-LAR DEATH0 - The death of the different arts of the bod( occ"rs at different times and stages& - This is the reason $h( s"ch organs as the corneas and the #idne(s can be remo)ed immediatel( after biological death and trans lanted s"ccessf"ll(& .IGN. /* DEATH0 1& Cessation of heart action and circ"lation D& Cessation of res iration E& Cooling of the bod( 7 Algor Mortis > B The tem erat"re of 18 ; DH degrees *ahrenheit is considered as a certain sign of death& :& Loss of motor o$er 8& Loss of sensor( o$er <& Changes in the s#in @& Changes in and abo"t the e(e B There is loss of corneal refle+ CHANGE. IN THE G/D2 */LL/AING DEATH 1& Changes in the M"scle a& .tage of rimar( flaccidit( b& Cada)eric rigidit( or rigor mortis

B m"sc"lar contraction $hich de)elo s E ; < ho"rs after death and ma( last for D: ; E< ho"rs& B ma( also be "tiliFed to a ro+imate the length of time the bod( has been dead from E to E< ho"rs c& .tage of secondar( flaccidit( or commencement of "trefaction Cada)eric . asmB is the immediate or instantaneo"s s asm or rigidit( of the s#eletal m"scles occ"rring at the moment of death d"e to e+ha"stion! etc& Medico legal Im ortance of Cada)eric . asm 7 Refer to Goo# > D& Changes in the Glood a& Coag"lation of the blood b& Postmortem li)idit( or Li)or Mortis E& A"tol(tic or A"to Digesti)e Changes After Death :& P"trefaction of the God( P-TRE*ACTI5E CHANGE. /CC-RING A*TER DEATH 7 Refer to Goo# > Jinds of P"trefaction0 1& M"mmification D& .a onification ; This is also called Adi ocere *ormation& E& Maceration *actors to Consider in A ro+imating the D"ration of Death in a Cada)er 1& Entomolog( ; The resence of maggots in the cada)er indicates d"ration of death for more than D: ho"rs D& Presence of li)e *leas in clothing ; in death b( dro$ning! a flea can s"r)i)e for abo"t D: ho"rs s"bmerged in $ater& After D: ho"rs s"bmersion in $ater the fleas die& E& Glood )essel clots ; blood clotting occ"rs in < B9 ho"rs after death& :& Post Mortem li)idit( ; de)elo s in E to < ho"rs after death& 8& Rigor MortisB begins to de)elo in E to < ho"rs after death and ma( last for D: to E< ho"rs after death& <& /nset of decom osition ; Decom osition ta#es lace $ithin D: ; :9 ho"rs after death& @& *ood in the stomach 9& .#eletal soft tiss"es ; soft tiss"es ma( disa ear from 1&8 (ears to D (ears after b"rial& Position of the God( at the time of Death 1& Post Mortem li)idit( D& Cada)eric s asm ; Death d"e to )iolence or inflicted h(sical in%"ries! "s"all( manifest the osition of the bod( at the time of death& E+& In s"icide b( g"nshot $o"nd! the g"n ma(be tightl( gras ed in the hand of the deceased In dro$ning! the )ictim ma(be holding ob%ects that come in contact $ith his hands to cling to life& MEDIC/LEGAL IMP/RTANCE /* RIG/R M/RTI. AND CADA5ERIC .PA.M0 Rigor mortis is "tiliFed to a ro+imate the time of death& GeneraliFed m"sc"lar contractions occ"r from E to < ho"rs "ntil E< ho"rs& Cada)eric s asm occ"rs immediatel( after death and is "sef"l to ascertain the circ"mstances of death& Medico Legal In)estigation of Death - Deaths $hich are not ob)io"sl( d"e to nat"ral ca"ses! b"t are criminal! s"s icio"s! accidental!

s"icidal! m"rdero"s! homicidal! s"dden or "ne+ ected! or "ne+ lained! need medico legal in)estigation& The Death Certificate - The death certificate is a legal doc"ment necessar( for b"rial of the dead! as it certifies the occ"rrence of death& It is a doc"ment from the /ffice of the Ci)il Registrar General! listing the artic"lars of an indi)id"alCs death& - It contains the Immediate Ca"se or Primar( ca"se of death! the antecedent ca"ses and "nderl(ing ca"se of death Immediate Ca"se or Primar( Ca"se of Death E+& ."ffocation d"e to dro$ning As h(+ia Cardio ; Res irator( Arrest Antecedent Ca"se of Death are e)ents or conditions that s"bstantiall( contrib"te to the immediate ca"se of death E+& Ac"te eritonitis! Ac"te H( o)olemic shoc#! Ac"te .e tic .hoc#! -nderl(ing Ca"se of Death is the basic ca"se or bottom line ca"se of death& It is the diagnosis of the atients or )ictimCs illness or sic#ness that res"lted to his death E+& Ac"te A endicitis! He atocarcinoma! Pel)ic *ract"re! .tab or G"nshot Ao"nd to the chest& Non Nat"ral Ca"ses of Death E+& M"rder! Homecide! ."icide! Accident Death Aarrant ; is a $arrant from the ro er e+ec"ti)e a"thorit( a ointing the time and lace for the e+ec"tion of the sentence of death " on a con)ict %"diciall( condemned to s"ffer death& Manner of Death - Is the e+ lanation as to ho$ the ca"se of death arose! and ma(be either Nat"ral Death or 5iolent Death LaFar"s .(ndrome - Is also called LaFar"s Phenomenon is the s ontaneo"s ret"rn of circ"lation after failed attem ts at res"scitation& Im lications of LaFar"s .(ndrome - raise ethical and legal iss"es for doctors! $ho m"st determine $hen medical death has occ"rred! $hen res"scitation efforts sho"ld end! and ost mortem roced"res s"ch as a"to sies and organ har)esting ma( ta#e lace& LaFar"s .ign - LaFar"s sign or LaFar"s refle+ is a refle+ mo)ement in brain dead atients! $hich ca"ses them to briefl( raise their arms and dro them crossed on their chests& - The henomenon has been obser)ed to occ"r se)eral min"tes after the remo)al of medical )entilators "sed to "m air in and o"t of brain dead atients to #ee their bodies ali)e& NEAR DEATH EIPERIENCE - Refers to a broad range of ersonal e+ eriences associated $ith im ending death! encom assing

m"lti le ossible sensations incl"ding detachment from the bod(K feelings of le)itation etc& E-THANA.IA - Meaning good death 7 $ell or good > - Refers to the ractice of ending life in a ainless manner& - Deliberate inter)ention "nderta#en $ith the e+ ress intention of ending life! to relie)e intractable s"ffering Classification of E"thanasia0 1& 5ol"ntar( e"thanasia ; is e"thanasia cond"cted $ith consent D& In)ol"ntar( e"thanasia ; is e"thanasia cond"cted $itho"t consent& Bis cond"cted $here an indi)id"al ma#es a decision for another erson inca able of doing so& B also #no$n as h(sician assisted death! h(sician assisted s"icide or merc( #illing& E& Passi)e e"thanasia ; entails $ithholding of common treatments :& Acti)e e"thanasia ; entails the "se of lethal s"bstances or forces to end life and is the most contro)ersial means& CHAPTER : REGI/NAL TRA-MA Tra"ma ; is the leading ca"se of death in the first fo"r decades of life and the Erd leading ca"se of death in all age gro" s toda(& BPenetrating tra"ma artic"larl( handg"ns is becoming common in nearl( all areas of the co"ntr(& Trimodal Distrib"tion of Death from Tra"ma0 1& .econds to min"tes of in%"r( ; d"e to the in%"r( to the brain! high s inal cord! heart! aorta and other large )essels& These atients can rarel( be sal)aged& D& Min"tes to *e$ ho"rs from in%"r( 7 The Golden Ho"r > B It is in this eriod that Ad)anced Tra"ma Life ." ort= 7 ATL. > techni1"es are im ortant& E& .e)eral da(s to $ee#s of In%"r( ; these are d"e to se sis or organ fail"re& .PECI*IC IN'-RIE. 1& Head a& T( es of Head In%"ries0 a&1 Hematoma a&D Cont"sions a&E .#"ll fract"res a&: Hemorrhage D& . ine and . inal Cord In%"ries The most common ca"ses of se)ere s inal tra"ma are motor )ehic"lar accidents! falls! di)ing accidents! and g"nshot $o"nds& E& Chest a& Life Threatening In%"ries Pn"mothora+ Hemothora+ *lail chest as in m"lti le rib fract"res Cardiac tam onade d"e to enetrating in%"ries b& Potentiall( Lethal In%"ries b&1& P"lmonar( Cont"ssion $ith or $itho"t flail chest b&D& Thoracic Aortic Tear or R" t"re ; the most common ca"se of s"dden death after a )ehic"lar accident or fall 7 ma%or decelaration in%"r( >

c& .erio"s Chest In%"ries :& Abdomen T( es of In%"ries0 a& Penetrating B G"nshot $o"nds of the abdomen carr( =8L robabilit( of significant )isceral in%"r( B A b"llet $hen it hits the abdomen $ill enetrate the abdominal $all! enter the abdominal ca)it( and most li#el( in%"re more than one organ& B The incidence of abdominal in%"r( is stri#ingl( higher in g"nshot $o"nds than in stab $o"nds& B The ma%or ca"se of death is hemorrhage and this occ"rs $ithin the first D: ho"rs B In stab $o"nds of the abdomen ! onl( DME enetrate the eritoneal ca)it(K of these onl( N ca"se significant )isceral in%"r( that re1"ires s"rgical re air& b& Gl"nt B The s leen and li)er are the most commonl( in%"red organs d"e to bl"nt tra"ma& B Their fre1"ent incidence also e+ lains $h( the mortalit( rate follo$ing bl"nt tra"ma is higher than that of enetrating in%"r(& 8& *ract"res and Dislocations The $ord fract"re comes from the Latin $ord 3fract"ra4 $hich means a brea# in the contin"it( of the bone& It is also a combination of a brea# in the bone and soft tiss"e in%"r( A& / en *ract"res B =HL of o en fract"res are ca"sed b( )ehic"lar accident& G& Hi fract"res are )er( common in elderl( eo le and are "s"all( ca"sed b( minor falls& It is the most common ca"se of tra"matic death after the age of @8& <& -rologic B Hemat"ria follo$ing tra"ma B Gl"nt #idne( in%"r( is "s"all( d"e to motor )ehic"lar accidents $hich acco"nt for @H ; =H L of #idne( tra"ma& B Penile in%"r(0 The erect enis is "s"all( < ; 9 inches long and 1 BD inches in diameter& B A)"lsion of the re "ce ; this ma( follo$ accidents $here the fores#in called re "ce is detached or lacerated b( a bl"nt force& B *ract"re of the enis ; this is the tra"matic r" t"re of the cor ora ca)ernosa enis res"lting from a forcef"l tra"ma to the flaccid organ& B Am "tated enis ; the enis of an a)id $omaniFer is sometimes intentionall( c"t or am "tated b( a %ealo"s derange $ife or lo)er& @& Arterial tra"ma 9& G"rns CLA..I*ICATI/N /* A/-ND. 1& A. T/ LEGAL CLA..I*ICATI/N Cha ter 1 DE.TR-CTI/N /* LI*E a& Article D:<& Parricide b& Article D:@& Death or Ph(sical In%"ries Inflicted -nder E+ce tional Circ"mstances c& Article D:9& M-RDER B An( erson $ho! not falling $ithin the ro)isions of Article D:< shall #ill another! shall be g"ilt( of m"rder and shall

be "nished b( Recl"sion Per et"a! to death if committed $ith an( of the follo$ing attendant circ"mstancesK 1& Aith treacher( D& In consideration of a rice ! re$ard or romise E& G( means of in"ndation etc& :& /n occasion of an( of the calamities etc& 8& Aith e)ident remeditation <& Aith cr"elt( etc Article D:= H/MICIDE Article D81& Death Ca"sed in a T"m"lto"s Affra( Article D8D& Ph(sical In%"ries Inflicted In a T"m"lt"o"s Affra( Article D8E& Gi)ing Assistance to ."icide Article D8:& Discharge of *irearms Article D88& Infanticide Article D8<& Intentional Abortion Article D8@& -nintentional Abortion ; $ho shall ca"sed an abortion b( )iolence b"t not intentional& Article D89& Abortion Practiced b( the Aoman Herself or G( Her Parents Article D8=& Abortion Practiced b( a Ph(sician or Mid$ife and Dis ensing of Aborti)es Article D<H& Res onsibilit( of Partici ants in a D"el Article D<1& Challenging to a D"el CHAPTER D PH2.ICAL IN'-RIE. a& Article D<D& M"tilation ; An( erson $ho shall intentionall( m"tilate another b( de ri)ing him! either totall( or artiall( ! of some essential organ of re rod"ction& b& Article D<E& .erio"s Ph(sical In%"ries ; An( erson $ho shall $o"nd! beat! or assa"lt another! shall be g"ilt( of the crime of serio"s h(sical in%"ries c& Article D<:& Administering In%"rio"s ."bstances or Ge)erages d& Article D<8& Less .erio"s Ph(sical In%"ries ; An( erson $ho shall inflict " on another h(sical in%"ries $hich shall inca acitate the offended art( for labor for 1H da(s or more! or shall re1"ire medical attendance for the same eriod e& Article D<<& .light Ph(sical In%"ries and Maltreatment& B Ahen the offender has inflicted h(sical in%"ries $hich shall inca acitate the offended art( for labor from one to nine da(s! or shall re1"ire medical attendance d"ring the same eriod& Cha ter E! RAPE ; Ahen and Ho$ ra e is committed 1& G( a man $ho shall ha)e carnal #no$ledge of a $oman "nder an( of the circ"mstances a& Thro"gh force! threat! or intimidation b& Ahen the offended art( is de ri)ed of reason or other$ise "nconscio"s c& G( means of fra"d"lent machinations or gra)e ab"se of a"thorit( d& Ahen the offended art( is "nder t$el)e 7 1D > (ears of age or is demented! e)en tho"gh none of the circ"mstances mentioned abo)e is resent& D& G( an( erson $ho! "nder an( of the circ"mstances mentioned in aragra h 1 hereof! shall commit an act of se+"al assa"lt b( inserting his enis into another ersonCs mo"th or anal orifice or an( instr"ment or ob%ect into the genital or anal orifice of another erson& Classification of Ao"nds D& A. T/ THE DEPTH /* THE A/-ND a& ." erficial ; Ahen the $o"nd in)ol)es onl( the la(er of the s#in b& Dee ; Ahen the $o"nd in)ol)es the str"ct"res be(ond the la(ers of the s#in& b&1 Penetrating ; the $o"nd enters the bod( b"t does not come o"t& P"nct"red! stab and g"nshot $o"nds "s"all( belong to this t( e of $o"nd&

b&D Perforating ; there is a comm"nication bet$een the o"tside! inner and the o"ter side& There is both a oint of entr( and e+it& Classification of Ao"nds E& A. T/ M/RTALIT2 a& Deadl( Ao"ndB Death res"lts immediatel(! after the infliction of the $o"nd& Deadl( $o"nds tho"gh mortal! ma(be re)ented $ith rom t medical treatment& b& Non Deadl( Ao"nds ; Does not res"lt to death immediatel(! after the $o"nd is inflicted& A non deadl( $o"nd ma( ca"se death later! d"e to com lications i&e& tetan"s! se ticemia Classification of Ao"nds0 :& A. T/ THE A/-NDING IN.TR-MENT. -.ED0 a& .har Instr"ments ; E+& incised $o"nd! "nct"red $o"nd! stab $o"nd dagger or #itchen #nife b& Gl"nt Instr"ments ; A bloc# of $ood or iron rod"ces cont"sion! hematoma! abrasions! lacerated $o"nd $hen "sed to stri#e! attac#! $o"nd! beat or assa"lt another Classification of Ao"nds0 8& A. T/ THE C/N.E,-ENTIAL IN'-R2 A*TER THE APPL/CATI/N /* */RCE a& Co" In%"r( B b& Co" Centre Co" In%"r( c& Contre Co" In%"r( d& Loc"s Minoris resistancia e& E+tensi)e in%"r( Classification of Ao"nds0 <& A. T/ THE INTEGRIT2 /* THE .JIN A& CL/.ED A/-ND. ; Presents no brea# in the integrit( or contin"it( of the s#in& There ma(be onl( o"t$ard manifestations of in%"r( internall(& E+& of closed $o"nds0 1& etechiae ; a circ"mscribe e+tra)asation of blood in the s"bc"taneo"s tiss"e& D& cont"sion ; eff"sion of blood into the tiss"es "nderneath the s#in as a res"lt of a bl"nt force& E+& blac# e(e E& Hematoma :& Gl"nt in%"r( 8& M"sc"los#eletal in%"ries E+& . rain! Dislocation! *ract"re! .train Cerebral Conc"ssion ; there is a brief loss of conscio"sness and sometimes memor( after a head in%"r( that doesnCt ca"se ob)io"s h(sical damage& Cerebral Cont"sion ; the( are br"ises to the brain! "s"all( ca"sed b( a direct! strong blo$ to the head& The( are more serio"s than conc"ssions& G& /PEN A/-ND. B There is a brea# in the contin"it( of the s#in E+am les0 1& Abrasion D& Gr"ise E& Incised $o"nd :& .tab $o"nd 8& P"nct"red $o"nd <& Perforating $o"nd @& Lacerated $o"nd 9& Gites =& G"nshot $o"nds G& /PEN A/-ND. ; there is a brea# in the contin"it( of the s#in G&1& Abrasion ; .cratch! friction mar#

G&D& Gr"ise ; ca"se b( a bl"nt in%"r( to the tiss"es $hich damage blood )essels beneath the s"rface! allo$ing blood to e+tra)asate or lea# into the s"rro"nding tiss"es& G&E& Incised $o"nd G&:& .tab $o"nd G&8& P"nct"red $o"nd G&<& Perforating $o"nd G&@& Lacerated $o"nd ; res"lt of an in%"r( from a bl"nt instr"ment& In cerebral laceration! the brain tiss"e is torn often $ith an accom an(ing )isible head $o"nds and s#"ll fract"res& G&9& Gites ; the( ma(be abraded! br"ised or rarel( lacerated& The( are "s"all( seen in se+"al assa"lts and in child ab"se and also b( animal bites G&=& G"nshot $o"nds TE.T */R THE PRE.ENCE /* P/ADER RE.ID-E.0 1& Paraffin test or Dermal Nitrate test ; resent on the s#in of the hand dors"m or site of the $o"nd of entrance& This test is not concl"si)e beca"se fertiliFers! cosmetics! cigarettes! "rine and other nitrogeno"s com o"nds $ith nitrates $ill gi)e a ositi)e reaction& A negati)e test is also not concl"si)e & The test "s"all( gi)es a ositi)e res"lt e)en after a la se of E da(s or e)en if the hands are s"b%ected to ordinar( $ashing D& -se of .canning Electron Microsco e $ith a lin#ed I ; ra( anal(Fer& This method a ears to be more s ecific b"t seldom "sed beca"se the instr"ment is e+ ensi)e& .PECIAL T2PE. /* A/-ND. 1& AssailantCs $o"nds ; these $o"nds are s"stained b( the assailant from the )ictim! $hile the former is in the rocess of attac#ing! $o"nding! assa"lting! beating or #illing his )ictim& D& Defense $o"nds ; in the rocess of defending himself from the attac#s! assa"lt! $o"nding! beating or )iolence of the assailant! the )ictim s"stains defensi)e $o"nds "s"all( in the " er e+tremities& E& 5ictimCs $o"nds ; these are $o"nds s"stained b( the )ictim! from the assailant! the former not ha)ing the chance or o ort"nit( to defend himself& The )ictimCs $o"nds ma(be located in an( art of the bod(& :& .elf ; Inflicted $o"nds ; these are $o"nds self inflicted b( the erson on himself& The $o"nds are "s"all( fo"nd on the accessible arts of the bod(! "s"all( $ith no intention to #ill himself& -nless the )ictim is insane! self inflicted $o"nds are for a fra"d"lent or self ser)ing "r ose& 8& Homicidal $o"nds ; these are the serio"s $o"nds s"stained b( the )ictim res"lting to his death! from the criminal assailant& -s"all( the $o"nds are sit"ated in the areas of the nec#! chest! the abdomen and the s#"ll& <& Accidental $o"nds ; these $o"nds are s"stained b( the )ictim! $itho"t an( fa"lt or intention $hatsoe)er on the art of the acc"sed to inflict the $o"nds on the )ictim& The $o"nds are "s"all( located on an( art of the )ictimCs bod(& @& ."icidal $o"nds ; these are $o"nds self inflicted b( the )ictim on himself! and "s"all( seen on the tem le! the roof of the mo"th! and other fatal bod( areas! accessible to the hand of the )ictim& CHAPTER 8 C/MPREHEN.I5E DANGER/-. DR-G. ACT /* DHHD REP-GLIC ACT =1<8 A DANGER/-. DR-G is a dr"g $hose "se is attended b( ris# and therefore is "nsafe! erilo"s and haFardo"s to eo le and societ(& A DR-G is an( s"bstance ! )egetable! mineral or animal in origin! "sed in the com osition or re aration of medicines or an( s"bstance "sed as medicines&

The Dangero"s Dr"g Act of 1=@D! incl"de the follo$ing Dangero"s Dr"gs as follo$s0 A& PR/HIGITED DR-G. 1& / i"m and its acti)e com onents and deri)ati)es s"ch as heroin and mor hine& D& Coca leaf and its deri)ati)es! rinci all( cocaine& E& Hall"cinogenic dr"gs s"ch as mescaline! l(sergic acid dieth(lamide 7 L.D > and other s"bstances rod"cing similar effects& :& /ther dr"gs $hether nat"ral or s(nthetic $ith the h(siological effects of a narcotic dr"g& G& REG-LATED DR-G. 1& .elf ind"cing sedati)es s"ch as secobarbital! henobarbital! entobarbital! barbital and an( dr"g $hich contains salt or deri)ati)e of a salt of barbit"ric acid& D& An( salt of am hetamine s"ch as GenFedrine or an( dr"g $hich rod"ces a h(siological action similar to am hetamine& E& H( notic dr"gs! s"ch as metha1"alone rod"cing similar h(siologic effects& IMP/RTANT TERM. in the DANGER/-. DR-G ACT /* DHHD 1& Dr"g .(ndicate D& Illegal Traffic#ing E& Chemical Di)ersion :& Planting E)idence 8& Dr"g De endence T$o Classes of Dr"g De endence0 a& Dr"g Addiction ; is a state of eriodic or chronic into+ication rod"ced b( the re eated cons"m tion of a dr"g! $hether s(nthetic or nat"ral and fo"nd to be detrimental to the indi)id"al and to the societ(& Characteristics of Dr"g Addiction0 A& An o)er o$ering desire or need to contin"e ta#ing the dr"g or to obtained it b( an( means& B a tendenc( to increase the dose& Ba s(chological and h(sical de endence on the effects of the dr"g& B a detrimental effect to the societ( and to the indi)id"al G& Dr"g Habit"ation ; is the desire to ha)e a contin"o"s "se of the dr"g b"t $ith the ca acit( to refrain h(sicall( from "sing it& Characteristics of Dr"g Habit"ation0 B The desire to "se the dr"g is not com "lsi)e b"t merel( s(chical& B There is little or no tendenc( to increase the dose B The detrimental effect if an(! is rimaril( on the indi)id"al& <& Protector @& P"sher 9& Controlled Deli)er( =& Den! Di)e or Resort 1H& PDEA ; The Phili ine Dr"g Enforcement Agenc(! $hich is the im lementing arm of the Dangero"s Dr"gs Goard&

-NLAA*-L ACT. AND PENALTIE. IN THE DANGER/-. DR-G. ACT /* DHHD 7 R&A& =1<80 1& Im ortation of Dangero"s Dr"gs and or Controlled Prec"sors and Essential Chemicals& D& .ale! Trading! Administration! Dis ensation! Deli)er(! Distrib"tion and Trans ortation of Dangero"s Dr"gs and or Controlled Prec"rsors and essential Chemicals& E& Maintenance of a Den! Di)e or Resort :& Em lo(ees and 5isitors of a Den! Di)e or Resort 8& Man"fact"re of Dangero"s Dr"gs and or Controlled Prec"rsors and Essential Chemicals <& Illegal Chemical Di)ersion of Controlled Prec"rsor and Essential Chemicals @&Man"fact"re or Deli)er( of E1"i ment ! Instr"ment! A arat"s and /ther ara hernalia for Dangero"s Dr"gs and or Controlled Prec"rsors and Essential Chemicals 9& Possession of Dangero"s Dr"gs =& Possession of E1"i ment! Instr"ment ! A arat"s and /ther Para hernalia for Dangero"s dr"gs& 1H& Possession of Dangero"s D D"ring Parties! .ocial Gatherings or Meetings 11& Possession of E1"i ment! Instr"ment! A arat"s and /ther Para hernalia for Dangero"s Dr"gs D"ring Parties! .ocial Gatherings or Meetings 1D& -se of Dangero"s dr"gs 1E& C"lti)ation or C"lt"re of Plants Classified as Dangero"s Dr"gs or are .o"rces thereof 1:& *ail"re to Maintain and Jee the /riginal Records of transactions on Dangero"s dr"gs and or Controlled Prec"rsors and Essential chemicals 18& -nnecessar( Prescri tion of Dangero"s Dr"gs 1<& -nla$f"l Prescri tion of Dangero"s dr"gs THE C-.T/D2 AND DI.P/.ITI/N /* C/N*I.CATED! .EI6ED AND /R .-RRENDERED DANGER/-. DR-G.! PLANT ./-RCE. /* DANGER/-. DR-G.! C/NTR/LLE. PREC-R./R. AND E..ENTIAL CHEMICAL.! IN.TR-MENT. AND PARAPHERNALIA AND /R LAG/RAT/R2 E,-IPMENT ; The PDEA shall ta#e charge and ha)e c"stod( of all dangero"s dr"gs! lant so"rces of dangero"s dr"gs! controlled rec"rsors and essential chemicals! as $ell as Instr"ments ara hernalia and laborator( e1"i ment so confiscated! seiFed and or s"rrendered! for ro er dis osition in the follo$ing manner 7 Refer to Goo# >& IMP/RTANT PR/5I.I/N. /* R&A& =1<8 /R THE C/MPREHEN.I5E DANGER/-. DR-G. ACT /* DHHD .ection DD& Grant of Com ensation! Re$ard and A$ard .ection DE& Plea Gargaining Pro)ision .ection E<& A licants for Dri)erCs License .ection E9& Laborator( E+amination or test on A rehended M Arrested /ffenders .ection E=& Accreditation of Dr"g Testing Centers and Ph(sicians .ection :H& A h(sician! dentist! )eterinarian or ractitioner a"thoriFed to rescribe an( dangero"s dr"g shall iss"e the rescri tion therefore in one original and D d" licate co ies& .ection 8:& 5ol"ntar( ."bmission of a Dr"g De endent to Confinement! Treatment and Rehabilitation .ection 88 E+em tion from Criminal Liabilit( -nder the 5ol"ntar( ."bmission Program

.ection 8<& Tem orar( Release from the CenterK After Care and *ollo$ " Treatment -nder the 5ol"ntar( ."bmission Program .ection 89& *iling of Charges Against a Dr"g De endent $ho is not rehabilitated -nder the 5ol"ntar( ."bmission Program& .ection <1& Com "lsor( Confinement of a dr"g de endent $ho ref"ses to a l( "nder the 5ol"ntar( ."bmission Program .ection <D& Com "lsor( ."bmission of a Dr"g De endent Charged $ith an /ffense! to Treatment and Rehabilitation .ection @H& Probation or Comm"nit( .er)ice for a *irst Time Minor /ffender In Lie" of Im risonment .ection @E& Liabilit( of a Parent! . o"se or G"ardian Aho ref"ses to Coo erate $ith the Goard or an( Concerned Agenc( .ection @@& The Dangero"s Dr"gs Goard .ection 9D& Creation of the Phili ine Dr"g Enforcement Agenc( 7 PDEA > .ection 98& The PDEA Academ( .ection =H& '"risdiction .ection =1& Res onsibilit( and Liabilit( of La$ Enforcement Agencies and /ther Go)ernment /fficials and Em lo(ees in Testif(ing as Prosec"tion Aitnesses in Dangero"s Dr"g Cases .ection =D& Dela( and G"ngling in the Prosec"tion of Dr"g Cases PHARMAC/L/GIC CLA.I*ICATI/N DANGER/-. DR-G. 1&H( notics D& .edati)es and Tran1"iliFers E& Hall"cinogens and Ps(chomimetics :& .tim"lants 8& De ressants <& Deliriants and Into+icants /*

A&H( notics0 / iates and Their Deri)ati)es ; / i"m is obtained from the mil#( e+"dates of the "nri e seed ca s"les of the o ( lant! Pa a)er .ornoifer"m& Deri)ati)es of o i"m commonl( "sed are mor hine! heroin! and codeine& Its s(nthetic re aration are Demerol and Methadone& Narcotics o$erf"l codeine! h(dromor that ha)e a legitimate medical "sed as ain relie)ers are called / ioids! and incl"de o+(codone! me eridine! mor hine and hone& ain

Heroin $hich is rohibited is a )er( strong relie)er and narcotic .igns and .(m toms of / i"m Administration0 1& .tage of E+citement D& .tage of .t" or E& .tage of Narcosis

G& .EDATI5E.0 Garbit"rates0 B are the rod"cts of malonic acid and "rea! s(nthesiFed on .t& Garbara da(& - -sed to treat an+iet( and to ind"ce slee can ca"se both s(chologic and h(sical de endence& C& HALL-CIN/GEN. DR-G.0 /R P.2CH/MIMETIC

Mari%"ana ; 7 Cannabis .ati)a > is a Me+ican term for leas"rable feeling& Mari%"ana is not addicti)e& Ph(sical de endence and dose tolerance do not de)elo $ith its "se& Ps(chic de endence ma( occ"r& ."b%ecti)e effects of Mari%"ana0 - There is a feeling of lightness of the e+tremities follo$ed b( r"shes of $armth and $ell being that e)ent"all( lead to a sense of rela+ation! mild e" horia and a dream( state $here ideas are disconnected& /b%ecti)e Effects of Mari%"ana0 - Moderate increase in resting "lse rate! reddening of the e(es d"e to dilatation of the con%"ncti)al blood )essels& Diffic"lt( of s eech and of remembering of the logical trend of $hat $as being said& L(sergic Acid Dseth(lamide 7 L.D > - These dr"gs are false hall"cinogens& - It rod"ces im aired %"dgement so that a "ser might thin# that he can fl(! and ma( e)en %"m o"t a $indo$ to ro)e it! res"lting in se)ere in%"r( or death& D&.TIM-LANT.0 Am hetamines ; metham hetamines 7 .hab"! s eed >K meth(lenedio+(metham hetamine 7 MDMA! ecstas( or Adam > - Acts on the cerebral corte+ ca"sing alertness! e+cessi)e self confidence and feeling of $ell being& Ph(sical erformance ma( to some degree tem oraril( im ro)e& -nto$ard Effects0 - The( increase the blood ress"re and heart rate& *atal heart attac#s ha)e occ"rred e)en in health(! (o"ng athletes& The blood ress"re ma(be so high that a blood )essel in the brain r" t"res ca"sing a stro#e& Coccaine ; is an al#aloid from the lea)es of the coca shr"b c"lti)ated in Goli)ia and Per"& - It rod"ces effects similar to am hetamines! b"t is a m"ch more o$erf"l stim"lant& - Is "sed to e+cite the "nderse+ed& - Is a e" horiant and readil( relie)es fatig"e -nto$ard Effects0 - .ame as am hetamine E& DEPRE..ANT.0 - Angel d"st - De resses the brain and ab"sers "s"all( become conf"sed and disoriented shortl( after ta#ing the dr"g& - Can be combati)e and beca"se the( donCt feel the ain the( ma( contin"e fighting e)en $hen hit hard& CHAPTER < .EI-AL D2.*-NCTI/N. AND .EI-AL CRIME. .EI-ALIT2 ; I. A N/RMAL GI/L/GICAL -RGE AND AN IMP/RTANT PART /* THE H-MAN EIPERIENCE& : .tages of a .e+"al Res onse0 1& Desire D& Aro"sal E& /rgasm :& Resol"tion

.EI-AL D2.*-NCTI/N. 7 Classification > A& As to choice of se+"al artners 1& Homose+"al D& Infanto se+"al E& Gesto se+"al :& A"to se+"al 8& Geronto hilia <& Necro hilia @& Incest G& As to instinct"al strength of the se+"al "rge0 1& /)er se+ D& -nder se+ or se+"al frigidit( a& .e+"al anesthesia b& D(s are"nia c& 5aginism"s d& /ld age C& As to the mode of se+"al e+ ression 1& /ralism a& *ellatio b& C"nniling"s c& Analism D& .ado ; masochism a& .adism b& Masochism E& *etishism a& Anatomic b& Clothing & c& Necro hilic d& /dor 7 os resio hilia > Jinds of /s resio hilia 1& -rolagnia D& Co rolagnia E& M(so hilia a& Narcissism b& .abote"r *etish c& 5am irism D& As to the art of the bod( 1& .odom( D& -ranism E& *rottage :& Partialism E& As to )is"al stim"l"s 1& 5o(e"rism D& .co to hilia *& As to n"mber 1& Troilism D& Pl"ralism G& /ther se+"al de)iates& 1& Don '"anism D& Indecent e+ os"re E& Co rolalia H& Disorders of se+"al f"nction0 1& Premat"re e%ac"lation D& Retarded e%ac"lation E& Lo$ se+"al desire disorder :& .e+"al a)ersion disorder 8& .e+"al aro"sal disorder in $omen <& Inhibited orgasm @& D(s are"nia 9& 5aginism"s I& .e+"al re)ersal 1& Trans)ertism D& Transe+"alism E& Interse+"alit(

.EI-AL CRIME.0 Chaste ; An "nmarried $oman $ho has had no carnal #no$ledge $ith men or that she ne)er )ol"ntaril( had "nla$f"l se+"al interco"rse& These also denotes "rit( of mind and innocence of heart& 5irgin ; A $oman $ho has had no carnal #no$ledge of man& Her genital organs ha)e not been altered b( carnal connection& Jinds of )irginit( 1& Moral )irginit( ; the state of not #no$ing the nat"re of se+"al life and not ha)ing e+ erience se+"al relation& D& Ph(sical )irginit( ; A condition $hereb( a $oman is conscio"s of the nat"re of se+"al life b"t has not e+ erienced se+"al interco"rse& E& Demi ; )irginit( ; This term refers to a condition of a $oman $ho ermits an( form of se+"al liberties as long as the( abstain from r" t"ring the h(men b( se+"al act& The $oman allo$s se+"al interco"rse! b"t onl( inter femora or e)en inter labia! b"t not to the e+tent of r" t"ring the h(men& :& 5irgo intacta ; A tr"l( )irgin $oman& There is no str"ct"ral change in her organ! not$ithstanding the fact of a re)io"s se+"al interco"rse& DE*L/RATI/N ; This is the laceration or r" t"re of the h(men! as a res"lt of se+"al interco"rse& All other lacerations $hich are not d"e to coit"s are not considered defloration& .EMEN AND .PERMAT/6/A0

'& Marriage Contracted Against the Pro)isions of La$ J& Premat"re Marriage L& Performance of Illegal Marriage Ceremon( M& Prostit"tion N& Corr" tion of Minors /& Ahite .la)e Trade P& Ab"se Against Chastit( PR/5I.I/N. /* THE RE5I.ED PENAL C/DE APPLICAGLE T/ -NNAT-RAL .EI-AL /**EN.E. 1& Gra)e .candal 7 Art& DHH > D& Immoral Doctrines! /bscene P"blications and E+hibitions 7 Art& DH1 > E& 5agrants and Prostit"tes 7 Art& DHD > :& Gra)e Threats 7 Art& D9D > 8& Light Threats 7 Art& D9E > <& /ther Light Threats 7 Art& D98 > @& Gra)e Coercions 9& -n%"st 5e+ation or An( /ther Coercion 7 Art& D9@ > CHAPTER @ MENTAL HEALTH DI./RDER. Mental Health Disorders ; incl"de dist"rbances in thin#ing! emotion! and beha)ior& There is a com le+ interaction bet$een the h(sical! s(chologic! social! c"lt"ral and hereditar( infl"ences& *actors that Contrib"te to the De)elo ment of Mental Disorders0

ERECTILE D2.*-NCTI/N 7 Im otence > - The diagnosis of Erectile D(sf"nction is im ortant es eciall( in com laints of ra e& It m"st be ro)en con)incingl( that the acc"sed is ermanentl( im otent! so that the crime of ra e cannot be ro)ed be(ond reasonable do"bt& Im otence "s"all( res"lts from )asc"lar im airment! ne"rologic disorders! dr"gs! abnormalities of the enis or s(chological roblems that interfere $ith se+"al aro"sal& These incl"des in%"r(! diabetes mellit"s! stro#e and dr"gs li#e all antih( ertensi)e and s(chotics! antide ressants and some sedati)es& Alcohol can also ca"se im otence and also lo$ le)els of testosterone .EI CRIME. IN THE RE5I.ED PENAL C/DE0 A& Ra e G& Carnal Jno$ledge B is the act of a man in ha)ing se+"al bodil( connection $ith a $oman& There is carnal #no$ledge if there is the slightest enetration in the se+"al organ of the female b( the se+"al organ of the male& C& .ed"ction B is the art of a man enticing $omen to ha)e "nla$f"l interco"rse $ith him b( means of ers"asion! solicitation! romises! bribes or other means $itho"t em lo(ment of force D& Acts of Lasci)iosness E& Acts of Lasci)io"sness $ith Consent of the /ffended Part( *& Abd"ction 1& *orcible Abd"ction D& Consens"al Abd"ction G& Ad"lter( H& Conc"binage I& Gigam(

1& Heredit( ; the most fre1"ent factor that contrib"tes to insanit( and a good histor( $ill re)eal the ascendants afflicted $ith the same& D& Incesto"s Marriage ; The mental illness is accent"ated $hen the( are blood relati)es& E& Im aired 5italit( ; .tress! tension! $orr(! grief ma( redis ose to insanit( :& Poor Moral Training and Greeding ; Corr" t moral " bringing in the famil( d"e to immoralit( of the arents 8& Ps(chic *actors ; *actors li#e lo)e! hate! rage! anger! assion disa ointments <& Ph(sical *actors a& Non to+ic factors ; e+ha"stion res"lting from se)ere h(sical and mental strain and tra"matic in%"ries to the head& b& To+ic factors ; dr"g addiction! infections of the brain JIND. /* MENTAL HEALTH DI./RDER.0 1& Ps(chosomatic disorders ; h(sical disorders ca"sed b( s(chologic factors& D& .omatiform disorders ; encom asses se)eral s(chiatric disorders in $hich eo le re ort h(sical s(m toms b"t den( ha)ing s(chiatric roblems& E& GeneraliFed An+iet( Disorders :& Panic Attac#s and Panic Disorder 8& Phobic Disorders a& Agora hobia b& . ecific hobias c& .ocial hobia <& /bsessi)e Com "lsi)e Disorder @& Post Tra"matic .tress Disorder 9& De ression and Mania =& Gi olar Disorder 1H& ."icidal Geha)ior 11& Eating Disorders a& Anore+ia ner)osa b& G"limia ner)osa c& Ginge eating disorder

10

1D& Personalit( Disorders a& Paranoid b& .chiFoid c& Histrionic d& Narcissistic e& Antisocial f& Gorderline g& A)oidant h& De endent i& /bsessi)e ; Com "lsi)e %& Passi)e Aggressi)e #& Dissociati)e 1E& .chiFo hrenia ; a serio"s mental disorder characteriFed b( loss of contact $ith realit( 7 s(chosis > ! hall"cinations! del"sions 7 false beliefs > ! abnormal thin#ing! disr" ted $or# and social f"nctioning T( es of .chiFo hrenia0 a& Paranoid b& Hebe hrenic c& Catatonic 1:& Del"sional Disorder 18& Ps(chological Inca acit( ; a $aste bas#et diagnosis beca"se it is so broad a term! that it co)ers all ossible Mental Disorders& ./ME MANI*E.TATI/N. /* MENTAL DI./RDER.0 1& Disorders of Cognition 7 Jno$ing > a& Ill"sion b& Hall"cination D& Disorders of Memor( a& Dementia E& Disorders in the Content of Tho"ght A& Del"sion a& Del"sion of grande"r b& Del"sion of ersec"tion c& Del"sion of reference d& Del"sion of .elf ; Acc"sation e& Del"sion of infidelit( f& Nihilistic del"sion g& Del"sion of o)ert( h& Del"sion of control i& Del"sion of de ression G& /bsession :& Disorders in the trend of tho"ght T( es0 a& Mania b& Melancholia 8& Disorders of Emotions or *eelings ; a disorder in the state of mind! fer)or! or sensibilit(! not in accord $ith realit(& <& Disorders of )olition or conation 7 doing > Jinds of Conation0 A& Im "lsion or Im "lse 7 Com "lsion > ; a s"dden and irresistible force com elling a erson to the conscio"s erformance of some action $itho"t moti)e or foretho"ght& T( es of Com "lsion0 a& P(romania b& Jle tomania c& Di somania d& Homicidal im "lse e& .e+ im "lse f& ."icidal im "lse DI.TINCTI/N. GETAEEN TR-E AND *AL.E IN.ANIT20

1& Tr"e insanit( de)elo s insidio"sl( "s"all( $ith the e+istence of some redis osition to an e+citing ca"se if caref"l histor( is ta#en! $hile false insanit( de)elo s s"ddenl( $ith no e+isting redis osition& D& In tr"e insanit(! there is a ec"liar facial e+ ression! $hich is absent in false insanit( E& In tr"e insanit(! there is a contin"o"s and ersistent manifestation of insanit(! $hich is onl( resent in false insanit( $hen the retender is "nder obser)ation! and absent $hen not "nder obser)ation& :& In tr"e insanit(! there is a clinical entit( of a s ecific mental disorder! $hich is absent in false insanit(& 8& In tr"e insanit(! the atient can end"re a )iolent or stressf"l acti)it( $itho"t fatig"e! $hich is not resent in false insanit( <& In tr"e insanit(! the atient does not obser)e ersonal h(giene! in false insanit(! the retender obser)es h(giene Insanit( or Mental Illness is an e+em ting or mitigating circ"mstance to Criminal Liabilit( as ro)ided in the follo$ing0 1& As an e+em ting Circ"mstance Article 1D of the Re)ised Penal Code ro)ides! 3 Ahen the imbecile or an insane erson has committed an act $hich the la$ defines as felon(! the co"rt shall order his confinement in one of the hos itals or as(l"ms established for ersons th"s afflicted and he shall not be ermitted to lea)e $itho"t first obtaining the ermission of the same co"rt& D& As a mitigating Circ"mstance Article 1E! of the Re)ised Penal Code ro)ides! the follo$ing are mitigationg circ"mstances0 a& That the offender is deaf and d"mb! blind or other$ise s"ffering from h(sical defect $hich th"s restricts his means of action! defense or comm"nication $ith his fello$ beings The American La$ Instit"te form"lated the follo$ing R"les on Criminal Res onsibilit( and states thatK 1& A erson is not res onsible for his criminal cond"ct if at the time of s"ch cond"ct as a res"lt of mental illness or defect! he lac#s essential ca acit( to a reciate the criminalit( of his cond"ct or to conform his cond"ct to the re1"irement of the la$& D& The term 3 mental disease or defect 3 does not incl"de an abnormalit( manifested onl( b( re eated criminal or other$ise anti social cond"ct *"ndamental Princi les of Insanit( and Criminal Res onsibilit(0 1& A sane man is ass"med to be $holl( res onsible for the conse1"ence of his crime& D& A erson $ho commits a criminal act is res"med to be sane& E& Crime is al$a(s considered as an affair of the mind as $ell as the bod( and to ma#e an act or omission a crime! there m"st be a criminal act 7 act"s re"s > and an criminal mind 7 mens rea > & Act"r facit re"m! nisi mens sit rea& Mental Deficienc( ; or mental retardation! is s"b a)erage intellect"al abilit( resent from birth or earl( infanc(& Intelligence is both determined b( heredit(

11

and en)ironment& In most cases of mental deficienc(! the ca"se is "n#no$n& Classification of mental deficienc(0 1& Idiot ; The idiotCs intelligence ne)er e+ceeds that of a normal child o)er D (ears old& The I, is bet$een H ; DH& This is "s"all( congenital& D& Imbecile ; the imbecileCs intelligence is com ared to a normal child from D ; @ (ears old and the I, is DH ; :H& E& *eeble Minded ; his mentalit( is similar to that of a normal child bet$een @ ; 1D (ears old and an I, of :H ; @H& The Legal Im ortance of determining the ersonCs state of mind are the follo$ing In Criminal la$! insanit( e+em ts a erson from criminal liabilit( In Ci)il la$! Insanit( is a restriction of the ca acit( of a nat"ral erson to act as ro)ided in Article E9 of the Ci)il Code& Insanit( modifies or limits the ca acit( of a nat"ral erson to act as ro)idedin Article E=! also of the Ci)il Code& Insanit( at the time of marriage of an( or both arties is a gro"nd for the ann"lment of marriage&

12