CHAPTER 10

AP BIOLOGY

1#) $n the thyla;oid membranes% what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules? A) to split water and release o ygen to the reaction.center chlorophyll Use the following information to answer the questions below. Thomas Engelmann illuminated B) to pass electrons to ferredo in and then 5AD42 a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of C) to harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction.center chlorophyll algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which D) to concentrate photons inside the stroma areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas !) to synthesi*e A&4 from AD4 and 4 i illuminated by the red and blue light. 1') &he following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are all true except: 1) What did he conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas? A) Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive A) A&4 is generated by photophosphorylation. B) <=B4 carbo ylase is activated by photons. than other wavelengths. B) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and C) !lectrons are transferred from water to 5AD4 to power of ,3). D) &he splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons. blue light. C) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an !) Chlorophyll ,and other pigments) absorb light energy% which e cites electrons. 1)) What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis? increase in photosynthesis. A) to use A&4 to ma;e glucose D) Bacteria released e cess carbon dio ide in these areas. B) to produce energy.rich glucose from carbon dio ide and water !) Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most o ygen being C) to produce 5AD42 used in respiration released. D) to convert light energy to the chemical energy of 4:A> ") An outcome of this e periment was to help determine !) to produce A&4 and 5AD42 A) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the o ygen released during 1+) Because bundle.sheath cells are relatively protected from atmospheric o ygen% the level photosynthesis. of ?????????? is held to a minimum in C plants. B) the relationship between heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms. ' C) the relationship between the concentration of carbon dio ide and the rate of A) photosynthesis photosynthesis. B) glycolysis D) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration. C) o idative phosphorylation !) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released. D) photorespiration #) $f you ran the same e periment without passing light through a prism% what would you !) decarbo ylation of malic acid predict? 11) Which of the following statements regarding events in the functioning of photosystem $$ is A) &he number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dio ide false? concentration. A) &he splitting of water yields molecular o ygen as a by.product. B) &here would be no difference in results. B) &he e citation is passed along to a molecule of 4+/8 chlorophyll in the photosynthetic unit. C) &he number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water. C) &he 4+/8 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to 5AD42% which is thus converted to D) &he bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments. 3 !) &he number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dio ide 5AD4 . concentration. D) &he electron vacancies in 4+/8 are filled by electrons derived from water. ') (rganisms that can e ist on light and an inorganic form of carbon and other raw materials !) >ight energy e cites electrons in an antenna pigment in a photosynthetic unit. A) are best classified as decomposers. 1/) All of the following are directly associated with photosystem $$ except B) are called photoautotrophs. A) 4+/8. C) do not e ist in nature. B) photolysis. D) are called heterotrophs. C) photophosphorylation. !) are both C and D. D) harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll. )) (rganisms that metaboli*e organic molecules produced by other organisms !) release of o ygen. A) are heterotrophs. 17) All of the following are directly associated with photosystem $ except B) are autotrophs. A) 4188. C) are decomposers. B) receiving electrons from plastocyanin. D) are B and C. C) harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll. !) are A% B% and C. D) passing electrons to ferredo in. +) &he early suggestion that the o ygen ,( ) liberated from plants during photosynthesis !) photolysis. " "8) What are the products of the light reactions that are subse6uently used by the Calvin comes from water was cycle? A) made following the discovery of photorespiration because of rubisco-s sensitivity to o ygen. A) electrons and photons B) A% B% and C. B) o ygen and carbon dio ide 1/ C) carbon dio ide and <uB4 C) confirmed by e periments using o ygen.1/ , (). D) water and carbon D) first published by 0elvin Calvin% who also discovered the Calvin cycle. !) A&4 and 5AD42 !) A and B. 1) Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utili*ed "1) @ome photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lac; photosystem $$% yet are able to survive. &he best way to detect the lac; of photosystem $$ in these organisms would be in the Calvin cycle? A) to do e periments to generate an action spectrum. A) 2 ( and ( " " B) to test for liberation of ( in the light. " 3 B) electrons and 2 C) to determine if they have thyla;oids in the chloroplasts. C) C( and glucose D) to test for C( fi ation in the dar;. " " 3 !) to test for production of either sucrose or starch. D) AD4% 4 % and 5AD4 i "") Cyclic electron flow in the chloroplast produces !) A&4 and 5AD4 A) A% B% and C. /) A new flower species has a uni6ue photosynthetic pigment. &he leaves of this plant appear B) 5AD42. to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this C) glucose. pigment? D) A and B. A) red and yellow !) A&4. B) blue and violet "#) As a research scientist% you measure the amount of A&4 and 5AD42 consumed by the C) blue% green% and red Calvin cycle in 1 hour. Aou find #8%888 molecules of A&4 consumed% but only "8%888 D) green% blue% and violet molecules of 5AD42. Where did the e tra A&4 molecules come from? !) green and yellow A) cyclic electron flow 7) &he color of light least effective in driving photosynthesis is B) chlorophyll A) orange. B) yellow. C) red. D) green. !) blue. C) photosystem $ 18) 9igure 18.1 shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for D) noncyclic electron flow photosynthesis. Why are they different? !) photosystem $$ A) Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments. "') Assume a thyla;oid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thyla;oid is no longer B) :reen and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths. separated from the stroma. &his damage will have the most direct effect on which of the C) &he two lines are probably the result of inaccurate measurements. following processes? D) (ther pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a. A) the synthesis of A&4 !) Anaerobic bacteria probably interfered with light absorption. 3 B) the reduction of 5AD4 11) &he reaction.center chlorophyll of photosystem $ is ;nown as 4188 because C) the splitting of water A) this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 188 nm. D) the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll B) there are 188 chlorophyll molecules in the center. !) the flow of electrons from photosystem $$ to photosystem $ C) it absorbs 188 photons per minute. D) there are 188 photosystem $ components to each chloroplast. 1") All of the events listed below occur in the energy.capturing light reactions of ")) $n plant cells% A&4 is made in response to light. An electron transport chain is involved. photosynthesis except &his electron transport chain is found in the A) light is absorbed and funneled to reaction.center chlorophyll a. A) thyla;oid membranes of chloroplasts. B) carbon dio ide is incorporated into 4:A. B) matri of mitochondria. C) o ygen is produced. C) stroma of chloroplasts. 3 D) inner membrane of mitochondria. D) 5AD4 is reduced to 5AD42. !) cytoplasm. !) AD4 is phosphorylated to yield A&4.

CHAPTER 10

AP BIOLOGY

"+) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between '+) forms a proton gradient b photosynthesis and respiration? '1) re6uires A&4 b A) <espiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic. '/) re6uires AD4 a B) 4hotosynthesis stores energy in comple organic molecules% while respiration releases it. '7) produces 5AD2 d C) <espiration is the e act reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis. )8) produces 5AD42 a D) A&4 molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration. )1) produces triose sugars b !) 4hotosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals. )") inactive in the dar; c "1) &he chemiosomotic process in chloroplasts involves the )#) re6uires C( b " A) diffusion of electrons through the thyla;oid membrane. )') re6uires glucose d B) reduction of carbon dio ide to glucose by 5AD42 and A&4. ))) &he three substrates ,normal reactants) for the en*yme <uB4 carbo ylaseCo idase C) o idation of water to produce A&4 energy. ,rubisco) are D) movement of water by osmosis into the thyla;oid space from the stroma. A) triose.4% glucose% and C( . !) establishment of a proton gradient. " "/) 5oncyclic photophosphorylation uses light energy to synthesi*e B) <uB4% A&4% and 5AD42. A) AD4 and A&4. C) C( % glucose% and <uB4. " B) A&4 and 4188. D) C( % ( % and <uB4. C) 4188 and 4+/8. " " D) A&4 and 5AD42. !) <uB4% C( % and A&4. " !) AD4 and 5AD4. )+) 4hotorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by removing which of the "7) $n a plant cell% where is A&4 synthase located? following from the Calvin cycle? A) thyla;oid membrane A) glyceraldehyde phosphate molecules B) plasma membrane B) <uB4 carbo ylase molecules C) inner mitochondrial membrane C) ribulose bisphosphate molecules D) A and C D) carbon dio ide molecules !) A% B% and C !) A&4 molecules #8) Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light )1) Why are C plants able to photosynthesi*e with no apparent photorespiration? reactions and the Calvin cycle? ' A) &he light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with C( to produce sugars% and the Calvin A) &hey e clude o ygen from their tissues. " B) &hey do not participate in the Calvin cycle. cycle supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce A&4. B) &he light reactions provide A&4 and 5AD42 to the Calvin cycle% and the cycle returns AD4% C) &hey use 4!4 carbo ylase to initially fi C( . " 3 D) &hey conserve water more efficiently. 4 % and 5AD4 to the light reactions. i !) &hey are adapted to cold% wet climates. C) &here is no relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. )/) $n C photosynthesis% carbon fi ation ta;es place in the ?????????? cells% and then is ' D) &he light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with o ygen for electron flow% and the Calvin transferred as malic or aspartic acid to ?????????? cells% where carbon dio ide is released cycle provides the light reactions with water to split. for entry into the Calvin cycle. !) &he light reactions provide A&4 and 5AD42 to the carbon fi ation step of the Calvin cycle% A) epidermal ... mesophyll and the cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions. B) stomatal ... mesophyll #1) $n mitochondria% chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matri into the C) stomatal ... epidermal intermembrane space% whereas in chloroplasts% chemiosmosis translocates protons from D) mesophyll ... bundle.sheath A) the stroma to the chlorophyll. !) bundle.sheath ... epidermal B) the light reactions to the Calvin cycle. )7) CA0 plants can ;eep stomates closed in daytime% thus reducing loss of water. &hey can C) the stroma into the thyla;oid compartment. do this because they D) the intermembrane space to the matri . A) fi C( into sugars in the bundle.sheath cells. !) the matri to the stroma. " #") &he Calvin cycle re6uires all of the following molecules except B) use photosystems $ and $$ at night. A) C( . B) 5AD42. C) A&4. D) <uB4. !) glucose. C) fi C( into pyruvic acid in the mesophyll cells. " " ##) All of the following statements are true exceptB D) use the en*yme phosphofructo;inase% which outcompetes rubisco for C( . A) :lyceraldehyde phosphate is produced only in the light reactions of photosynthesis. " B) When chlorophyll is reduced% it gains electrons. !) fi C( into organic acids during the night. " C) &he light reactions of photosynthesis provide the energy for the Calvin cycle. +8) Which of the following statements is true concerning the diagram in 9igure 18."? D) &he ( released during photosynthesis comes from water. " A) $t represents the type of photosynthesis found in most a6uatic plants. !) &hyla;oid membranes contain the photosynthetic pigments. B) $t represents the ;inds of cells found in conifers from cold% wet climates. #') Which of the following is ,are) true of the en*yme ribulose bisphosphate carbo ylase? C) $t represents some of the events of C photosynthesis. ' A) A and C are true. D) &wo of the above statements are true. B) $t cataly*es a phosphorylation reaction. !) All of the above statements are true. C) $t participates in the Calvin cycle. +1) <eferring to 9igure 18."% o ygen would inhibit the C( fi ation reactions in D) A% B% and C are true. " !) $t has an affinity for both ( and C( . A) cell $ during the night and cell $$ during the day. " " B) cell $$ only. #)) All of the following statements are correct regarding the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis C) both cell $ and cell $$. except: D) neither cell $ nor cell $$. A) &he energy source utili*ed is the A&4 and 5AD42 obtained through the light reaction. !) cell $ only. B) &he ).carbon sugar <uB4 is constantly being regenerated. +") $n an e periment studying photosynthesis performed during the day% you provide a plant C) &hese reactions begin soon after sundown and end before sunrise. 1' 1' D) (ne of the end products is glyceraldehyde phosphate. with radioactive carbon , C) dio ide as a metabolic tracer. &he C is incorporated first into #+) $f photosynthesi*ing green algae are provided with C( synthesi*ed with heavy o ygen o aloacetic acid. &he plant is best characteri*ed as a " A) CA0 plant. 1/ , ()% later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the B) C plant. ' 1/ algae contain the ( label. &hat one e ception is C) heterotroph. A) glucose. B) <uB4. C) 4:A>. D) ( . !) 4:A. D) C plant. " # . photosynthesis!. "espiration #. both photosynthesis and respiration !) chemoautotroph. $. neither photosynthesis nor respiration +#) 4lants that fi C( into organic acids at night when the stoma are open and carry out the " #1) synthesis of A&4 by the chemiosmotic mechanism c Calvin cycle during the day when the stoma are closed are called #/) o idation of water a A) C plants. 3 # #7) reduction of 5AD4 a B) CA0 plants. '8) C( fi ation a " C) C plants. ' '1) electron flow along a cytochrome chain b D) A and B. '") o idative phosphorylation b !) A% B% and C. '#) generation of proton gradients across membranes c +') Where does the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis ta;e place? '') $n green plants% the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to A) outer membrane of the chloroplast A) transport <uB4 out of the chloroplast. B) cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast B) use A&4 to release carbon dio ide. C) stroma of the chloroplast C) split water and release o ygen. D) thyla;oid membrane D) construct simple sugars from carbon dio ide. !) chlorophyll molecule !) use 5AD42 to release carbon dio ide. . light reactions alone !. the #alvin cycle alone #. both the light reactions and the #alvin cycle$. neither the light reactions nor the #alvin cycleE. occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis ')) produces molecular o ygen ,( ) a "