REFERENCES: Nagapan, S., kahman, I. A., & Asm|, A. (2012).

Iactors Contr|bunng to hys|ca| and Non-hys|ca| Waste Generanon |n Construcnon Industry. !"#$%"&'("&) +(,%"&) (- ./0&"1$2 3" .44)3$/ 513$"1$2 6!+..57, 8()9:(No. 1), pg. 1~10. !
Des|gnru|z. (n.d.). ;< !/$&2 =- >(? @( A$1B1)$ C)&2'1 D(E)$2. ketr|eved from hup:]]www.des|gnru|z.com]product-des|gn]2012]11]4S-|deas-of-how-to-recyc|e-p|asnc-bou|es] ! 1rendhunter. (2012). @F$ G&)H3I/ J&#$% .K2(%K$"# L("1%$#$ L(&2#$% !2 .
M&#,%&) N&%0$). ketr|eved from hup:]]www.trendhunter.com]trends]water-absorbent-concrete-coaster | hup:]]www.tasnmber.tas.gov.au]spec|es]pdfs]embod|ed.pdf | Lemay, L. 2011. L|fe Assessment of Concrete 8u||d|ngs. [e-book] p. 1. hup:]]
www.nrmca.org]susta|nab|||ty]CSk0420-20L|fe20Cyc|e20Assessment20of20Concrete208u||d|ngs.pdf [Accessed: 14 Nov 2013].
PROJ ECT 2: Appr eci at i ng The Env i r onment Not hi ng i s Cons i der ed Was t e
ENVI RONMENTAL SUSTAI NABLE DESI GN [ ARC 1413 ]
SURAYYN SELVAN 0309818 | SHARIFAH DIYANA 1006AH78373 | SOH YOU SHING 0308010 | MEERA NAZREEN 0309630
I N T R O D U C T I O N
This project aims to introduce us the basic awareness of
construction waste and the effects these waste materials have in the
Malaysian construction industry. We were exposed to the reasons
behind the generation of construction waste as well as the types of
materials that are wasted. Besides that, we were allowed to
brainstorm ideas on reusing and recycling these waste materials in
an innovative, non-conventional ways whilst understanding their life
cycles. In Malaysia, construction waste can be divided into two
types physical and non-physical. According to Nagapan (2012), 81
factors in construction activities related to the construction industry
have contributed to the generation of waste. These factors have
been grouped into 7 different categories which are design,
handling, worker, management, site condition, procurement and
external factor. The two sites that we based our research on are as
follows:-
BRICKS CONCRETE PLASTIC METAL AGGREGATE WOOD OTHERS
SITE A 34 29 10 3 10 13 1
SITE B 35 22 11 10 7 10 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e

o
f

W
a
s
t
e

PERCENTAGE OF WASTE MATERIALS IN SITE A & Site B
PERCENTAGE OF THE CAUSES OF
WASTE PRODUCTION ON SITE [AVERAGE]
26%
23%
51% CONCRETE
EXCESS
HOARDING
FORMWORK
29%
53%
18%
PLASTIC
PACKAGING
EXCESS
DEFECT
84%
10%
6%
METAL
EXCESS
HOARDING
DEFECTED
18%
82%
WOOD
#$%#&&
'()*+(),
I N D I V I D U A L C R E A T I V E P R O D U C T
Material Current Recycling
Practices
Innovative Recycling
Methods
Issues Faced During
Recycling
Environmental
Impact

Pictures Of Creative
Recycling Methods
CONCRETE
EMBODIED
ENERGY: 1.11 MJ/kg
CARBON CONTENT:
0.16 CO2/kg =
0.07 L of petrol
Reused as
aggregate
Filled inside wire
mesh to create a
retaining wall
Used to create
pathways and
walkways
Can be used as
pottery when pieced
together
Can be used as
mural artworks
Can be used to
create sculptures
Can be used to
create drink
coasters
Advanced
technology needed
to produce high
quality aggregate
Dust from concrete
will cause
respiratory problems
High cost of
transportation from
factory
Saves space in
landlls
Reduces the need
for gravel mining
Reduces pollution of
trucking materials
PLASTIC
EMBODIED
ENERGY: 77.2 MJ/kg
CARBON CONTENT:
2.41 CO2/kg =
1.04L of petrol
Reused as
temporary
containers for
storage
Reused as furniture
Redesigned into
ornamentations
Used as roong
materials
Can be used to
create glass tints
Can be used to
create clothing
apparel
Can be melted and
remodeled into
different structures
Can be used as a
fencing material
Takes a long time to
decompose
Will release toxic
fumes when heated
High cost of
transportation of
materials
Contains poisonous
chemicals
Chemicals seep into
the soil over time
damaging soil
conditions
Releases toxic
gases during
decomposition
STEEL
EMBODIED
ENERGY: 20.1 MJ/kg
CARBON CONTENT:
1.37 CO2/kg =
0.59L of petrol
Salvaged and
recycled as new
structures
Products are
manufactured off
site
Supplier take back
schemes are
implemented
Excess materials
are returned
Can be used as a
roong material
Can be remolded
into food trays
Can be xed as
bookshelves
Can be used as a
fencing material
Needs a lot of
manpower to
separate it from
other materials
Lack of
standardization of
components
Quality unassured to
be reused
High cost of
transport needed
Soil erosion and
ooding
Formation
of#sinkholes
Loss of#biodiversity
Contamination of
soil and water#
Production of
poisonous#gases
WOOD
EMBODIED
ENERGY: 15 MJ/kg
CARBON CONTENT:
1.07 CO2/kg =
0.46L of petrol
Products are
handled with care to
prevent damage
Products are treated
for durability
Are normally used
as nishing on
buildings
Used to create
furniture and
ornamentation
Reused as an
alternative energy
source
Can be used as
picture frames
Can be used as a
fencing material
Can be xed to
create containers for
items
Wood products are
prone to defects
High cost in treating
and reworking the
material
Sorting will require
man power
There is a higher
waster factor in
reclaimed wood
Deforestation
Loss of biodiversity
Loss of animal
habitats
Plants and tress will
be more prone to
extinction
Will add to the
amount of waste in
landlls
INPUTS
(ENERGY)
OUTPUTS
(CO2
EMISSIONS)
WOOD MANUFACTURE
PRODUCT USE/REUSE
RECYCLING
INPUTS
(ENERGY)
OUTPUTS
(CO2
EMISSIONS)
AGGREGATE PRODUCTION
STOCK PILING
MIXING
TRUCK WASH OFF
2 MJ/KG
RECYCLING
PRODUCT USE
CEMENT STORAGE
CEMENT MANUFACTURE
INPUTS
(ENERGY)
OUTPUTS
(CO2
EMISSIONS)
NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION
ETHYLENE MANUFACTURE
ETHYLENE PROCESSING
TRANSPORTING
PRODUCT USE
DISPOSAL/WASTE
RECYCLING
1.2 MT 25 MJ/KG
3 MT
1.5 MJ/KG 1.9 MT
INPUTS
(ENERGY)
OUTPUTS
(CO2
EMISSIONS)
RAW MATERIALS
STEEL PRODUCTION
STEEL MANUFACTURE
PRODUCT USE/REUSE
RECYCLING
35 MJ/KG 7.1 MT
L I F E C Y C L E A S S E S S M E N T S
CONCRETE PLASTIC
STEEL
WOOD
RAW MATERIALS
a) IMPROPER WASTE MANAGEMENT
Mukim Klang, Pandamaran KS5,
Klang Bandar DiRaja,
Selangor Darul Ehsan
b) PROPER WASTE MANAGEMENT
3, Jalan SS19 / 4H,
47500 Subang Jaya,
Selangor Malaysia
Concrete Sculptures
Concrete Drink Coasters
PVC Pipe Fencing
PVC Pipe Structure
Wire Mesh Lamp
Wire Mesh Sculptures
Wood Photo Frame
Wood Wall Clock
SURAYYN SELVAN | CONCRETE Construction Helmet
The concrete roof tile construction helmet is
to symbolize the heaviness the world
feels about excess construction waste. The
roof tiles are heavy and when used, it
weighs down on the users uncomfortably.
Besides that, the use of concrete roof tiles
is to symbolize protection because the roof
tiles are a form of protection for a home as
a hat is a form of protection for the head.
Finally, it is to highlight the irony human
nat ure i n creat i ng prot ect i on. We
accomplish the goal but in actual reality we
are making the Earth feel uncomfortable.
SOH YOU SHING | PLASTIC Pencil Holder
The concept of this PVC pencil holder is in
a form of tree. It acts as a sign to warn
human beings that we will have to replace
trees with manmade ( plastic ) trees if the
trees extinct. Besides, it reminds human
beings to conserve and preserve the trees
while placing the pencils/colour pencils
into it. The longer PVC pipe is for users to
place their new long pencils/colour
pencils while the shorter ones encourage
users to use their pencils as short as
possible to minimize the usage of wood
and graphite lead.
SHARIFAH DIYANA | STEEL WIRE MESH Lamp
The tree light is made up of recycled wire
mesh that promotes the usage of LED
lights, which produces less CO2 emission.
This causes the decrease in greenhouse
effect and slows global warming. The
design structure is based on a tree, which
symbolizes the environment and also helps
in reducing CO2. LED lights are also know
to be long lasting and conserves more
energy, which is really well for the
environment.
MEERA NAZREEN | WOOD Lamp
This table lamp is made out of used woods
that were found from a construction site. It
has 3 sides with two of the sides consisting
a picture of a penguin and 2 polar bear
respectively standing on a melting ice
caps. This lamp is to show that us human
uses electricity for our own benet but the
animals have to pay for the consequences.
If we were to continue wasting our
electricity, we are basically contributing to
global warming which harms the animals
and their habitat too, which from the lamp
shows examples of the consequences in
wasting electricity.