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Sanjeev Talwar
BS EN 62305:2006 is the first ever British Li ht i Protection Lightning P t ti Standard St d d to t be b compiled il d by b experts from all over the world Very wordy yet comprehensive document Following presentation is based on our interpretation of BS EN 62305:2006
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BS EN 62305 - 4 parts BS EN 62305-1 General Principles BS EN 62305-2 Risk Management BS EN 62305-3 Physical damage & life hazard BS EN 62305-4 62305 4 Electrical & electronic systems
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BS EN 62305-1 (Part 1)
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BS EN 62305-1 (Part 1)
General Principles of Lightning protection Leads-in/introduction Leads in/introduction to other parts Explains storyline how to design an LPS in accordance with accompanying p y g parts p of this standard
62305-1
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Scope p BS EN 62305 - 1 Provides general principles for protection against lightning of: structures, their installations, contents and persons services connected to a structure
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BS EN 62305 62305-1 1
LPL (Lightning Protection Level) - number related to a set of lightning current parameters, which allows relevant protection measures to be applied i l di the including th size i of f the th rolling lli sphere h
LPL I II III IV Maximum (kA) 200 150 100 100 Minimum (kA) 3 5 10 16
62305-1
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In order to evaluate whether lightning protection is required, a risk assessment needs to be carried out (BS EN 62305-2)
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BS EN 62305-2 ( (Part 2) )
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62305-2
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Following g primary p y risks (R ( n) relate to corresponding types of loss (L) R1 risk of loss of human life R2 risk of loss of services to the public R3 risk i k of f loss l of f cultural lt l heritage h it R4 risk of loss of economic value
62305-2
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P t ti against Protection i t lightning li ht i is i required i d if the risk Rn(whether R1 or R2 or R3) is greater than the tolerable level of risk RT ie Rn > RT
62305-2
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62305-2
1 2 3 Use and type of structure (Lf ) Dimensions of structure (L x W x H in metres) No of service lines feeding the structure - power, power single/three phase phase, overhead overhead, underground - telecon, how many lines, overhead, underground Length of service lines (Lc) Location (Cd) Environment (urban, suburban, rural) (Ce) Service line only or with transformer (Ct) Special hazards (low, average, high level of panic) (hz) Type of surface (concrete (concrete, asphalt asphalt, wood etc) (ra & ru) Any fire protection provisions? (manual extinguisher, automatic extinguishing system) (rp) Risk of fire (high, ordinary, low) (rf ) y () Soil resistivity Voltage withstand (Uw) of (a) power cable (b) telecom cable (KS4) Any spatial screening (any re-inforcing bars/stanchions within the framework of the structure? (KS1) - Any details of service lines? (KS3) - Screened/unscreened cable - routing Flash Density (Ng)
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4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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S1 S2
S3
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S4
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RA+RB+RC
RU+RV+RW
RM
RZ
R1 = RD
+ Ri
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Each primary risk consists of numerous risk components R1 = RA + RB + RC(1) + RM(1) + RU + RV + RW(1) + RZ(1) R2 = RB + RC + RM + RV + RW + RZ R3 = RB + RV R4 = RA(2) + RB + RC + RM + RU + RV + RW + RZ
(1) ( ) Structures risk of explosion p or hospitals p life saving g equipment q p (2) Properties where animals may be lost
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RA
RB
RC
RM
Flashes near the structure (S2) Flashes to a service connected to the structure (S3) Flashes to a service connected to structure (S3) ( ) Flashes to a service connected to structure (S3) Flashes near a service connected to structure (S4)
RU
RV
RW
RZ
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Generic equation for evaluating each risk component is: RX = NX . PX . LX where NX = annual number of dangerous events PX = probability of damage LX = consequential loss (social values)
For example RB component related to physical damage caused by dangerous sparking inside structure triggering fire or explosion
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Cd/b /
PB is the probability of damage to the structure, derived from the table, depending
upon the level of protection
hz is the factor increasing the loss due to physical damage, when a special hazard is
present, derived from the table
rp is the factor reducing the loss due to physical damage depending on the provision
taken to reduce the consequences of fire, derived from the table
rf is the factor reducing the loss due to physical damage depending on the risk of fire,
derived from the table
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np tp Lf n x t 8760
L f 200 x 3650 200 8760
L 0.42 f
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Equivalent risk component to RB applicable to services is RV, (most important for the ME area) component related to physical damage (fire or explosion) triggered by dangerous sparking generally at entrance point of line into structure due to lightning current transmitted along incoming service RV = NV . PV . LV and RV = (NL + NDa)(PV)(hz.rp.rf.Lf ) where NL = Ng . Al . Cd . Ct . 10-6
6 and NDa = Ng . Ad/a . Cd/a . Ct . 10-6
and Al = Lc 3(Ha + Hb)6Hc Aerial (overhead) cable or Al = [L c 3(Ha + Hb)] Buried cable This exercise is repeated for all other all risk components
62305-2
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Risk Management
Long hand calculations laborious, time consuming, not practicable in commercial environment
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62305-3
Follows Faraday Cage principle
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4 classes l of f structural l LP
2 types of earthing arrangements
62305-3
Class I II III IV Mesh Size ( x m) (m ) 5x5 10 x 10 15 x 15 20 x 20 DC spacing (m) 10 10 15 20 Rolling Sphere (m) 20 30 45 60
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Each class has its own mesh size, dc spacing and relevant radius of rolling sphere
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r 10 x I 0.65
62305-3
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62305-3
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Mesh Method
Suitable for majority of the surfaces provided: conductors are p positioned at roof edges g and overhangs, and on roof ridges no installation should protrude above air termination system or provide air t terminals i l to t protect t t th them
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LPZ 0A
Zone of protection
LPZ 0B
LPS s
Equipment
LPZ 1
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LPZ 0A
Equipment LPS
LPZ 1
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62305-3
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D Down C Conductors d t
Use of aesthetic covering (pvc, paint) over external LP conductors permitted (BS EN 50164-2 50164 2 (A1))
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62305-3
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Mesh Method
Natural components (metallic roofs)
Class of LPS Material Lead
Steel (stainless, galvanized)
Thickness(1) t (mm) -
Thickness(2) t (mm)
4 5 7
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I to IV
NOTE 1 1: thickness hi k t prevents puncture, hot h spot or ignition. i ii NOTE 2: thickness t only for metal sheets if it is not important to prevent puncture, hot spot or ignition problems.
62305-3 Spacing Between Fixing clips : 500mm on a vertical surface at a height of 20m upwards. 1000mm on vertical surface upto 20m from the ground and on all Horizontal surfaces
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Ring Conductor
- conductor forming loop around structure g down conductors to and interconnecting improve lightning current distribution down them. them
62305-3
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62305-3
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Down Conductors
Where it is not possible to install d.cs down a particular side due to practical/architectural restraints compensate by b placing l more d.cs d at closer spacings on other accessible sides d.c centres should not be less than one third of its relevant distance eg Class III LPS equates to 15m spacing Thus minimum d.c d c spacing (15/3) = 5m
62305-3
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Natural Components
Encourages use of natural fortuitous metalwork present (ie rebars, etc) Still requires eq i es elect electrical ical contin continuity it - maximum ma im m overall resistance of 0.2 ohm Reinforcing R i f i bars b carrying i lightning li h i currents should be welded, clamped with suitable connection components or overlapped minimum of 20 times rebar diameter Rebars used for EMC purposes wire lashing is deemed suitable
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62305-3
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Type A Arrangement
Total number of rods/earth electrodes should not be less than two OR Minimum length of earth rod shall be 2.4m However, please use the formula to find out the actual number of earth rods required before deciding on installation
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BS EN 50164-1
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All Furse components meet the requirements of BS EN 50164 50164-1 1 and BS EN 50164 50164-2 2
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BS EN 62305 -4 4
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BS EN 62305 - 4
Electrical and electronic systems y within structures
Electronic systems now part of our everyday life totall dependent on thei totally their smooth efficient running nning Any malfunctions, loss of data etc disastrous effects on companies Part 4 recognizes vital importance of protecting electrical/electronic systems housed within structures integral part of BS EN 62305
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62305-4
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surges may require an SPD set consisting of a coordinated set of SPDs SPD s
- Main distribution board ( (service entrance) ) - Sub distribution board - Terminal equipment
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BS EN 62305 62305-4 4 Protection P t ti of f electronic l t i systems t -LPMS (LEMP Protection Measures System) - complete system of protection measures for internal systems against LEMP.
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62305-4
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Coordinated SPDs
Series of SPDs installed in structure from heavy duty lightning current Type I SPD at service entrance, through to overvoltage SPD protecting terminal equipment Each E h SPD should h ld complement l t each h other th such that LEMP effects are completely nullified llifi d
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All above information is merely an insight into new standard and requires q a lot more in depth p review
All topics discussed today are included and expanded p upon p in our Guide to BS EN 62305:2006
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ANY QUESTIONS ?
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