INDEX

LESSON PLAN
Name of Subject: EDC S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Nomenclature Teaching Methodology Syllabus as per MDU Lesson Plan Text Books & Re erence books !ocal points "ssign#ent $hart "ssign#ent %&'() Monthly report Student !eedback oa# "ttendance Sheet Data bank o Students *ld MDU Papers Multiple $hoice +uestion $lass ,otes%Printed & -and .ritten) +uestions ro# pre/ious #du exa# papers EEE/ECE 3rd sem Page No.

(parveen kumar)

SYLLABUS AS PER MDU EE-201-F LT P Class Work marks 3 1 0 : 100 : 150 Duration : 3 hr OTE$ F%r &e''(n) up '*e +ue&'(%n paper, -ue&'(%n %. 1 /(00 1e &e' up 2r%m a00 '*e 2%ur &e3'(%n& /*(3* /(00 1e 3%mpu0&%r4 an5 %2 &*%r' an&/er '4pe. T/% +ue&'(%n& /(00 1e &e' 2r%m ea3* %2 '*e 2%ur &e3'(%n&. T*e &'u5en'& *ave '% a''emp' 2(r&' 3%mm%n +ue&'(%n, /*(3* (& 3%mpu0&%r4, an5 %ne +ue&'(%n 2r%m ea3* %2 '*e 2%ur &e3'(%n&. T*u& &'u5en'& /(00 *ave '% a''emp' 6 +ue&'(%n& %u' %2 7 +ue&'(%n&. SECT!O -A COND CT!N" #$TE%!$L&: %e'ie( of ener)y *an+s, +es-ri.tion of materials, +rift 'elo-ity, -ollision time, #ean free .ath, mo*ility, -on+u-ti'ity, relaxation time, fa-tors affe-tin) -on+u-ti'ity of materials, ty.es of thermal -on+u-ti'ity, Wie+mann/0ran1 la(, su.er -on+u-ti'ity, effe-t of ma)neti- fiel+, -on+u-tin) materials, a..li-ations2 &E#!COND CTO%&, $ND C3$%$CTE%!&T!C& O0 DE4!CE&: %e'ie( of &i an+ "e as semi-on+u-tin) materials, Continuity E5uation, P/N 6un-tion, Drift 7 Diffusion, Diffusion 7 Transition -a.a-itan-es of P/ N 6un-tion2 8rief intro+u-tion to Planar Te-hnolo)y for +e'i-e fa*ri-ation2 metal /semi-on+u-tor 6un-tions 9ohmi- an+ non/ohmi-:, *reak+o(n me-hanisms in ./n 6un-tion, 1ener +io+e, ele-tri-al an+ o.ti-al SECT!O -B CON&T% CT!ON of Exam : 50 Theory marks Total marks ELECTRO !C DE"!CES # C!RCU!TS

ex-itation in +io+es, LED, solar -ells an+ .hoto/+ete-tors2 $n+ -hara-teristi-s2 SECT!O -C Transistors: #etal/semi-on+u-tor/fiel+/effe-t/transistors 9#E&0ET:, #etal/insulator/semi-on+u-tor/fiel+/effe-t/transistors 9#!&0ET:, #etal oxi+e semi-on+u-tor fiel+ effe-t transistor 9#O&0ET:: Constru-tion, O.eration an+ -hara-teristi-s of a*o'e +e'i-es2 8i.olar 6un-tion transistors: 0un+amentals of 8;T o.eration, am.lifi-ation (ith 8;Ts,

SECT!O 8D &O#E &PEC!$L DE4!CE&: Photo+io+es, .hoto +ete-tors, solar -ell, li)ht emittin) +io+es, semi-on+u-tor lasers, li)ht emittin) materials2 Tunnel Dio+e: +e)enerate semi-on+u-tors, !#P$TT +io+e< The transferre+ ele-tron me-hanism: The " NN +io+e2P/N/P/N +io+e, semi-on+u-tor -ontrolle+ re-tifier 9&C%:, *ilateral +e'i-es: D!$C, T%!$C, !"8T Te9' B%%k&$ 12 $)ar(al / 0oun+ations of analo) 7 Di)ital ele-troniCir-uits,Else'ier 2. 82 "2 &treetman an+ &2 8aner6ee =&oli+ state ele-troni-s +e'i-es>, 5th E+ition, P3!2 32 Donal+ Neamaen, =Ele-troni- Cir-uit $nalysis an+ Desi)n>, 3r+ E+ition, T#32 Re2eren3e B%%k&$ 1. $lok Dutta, =&emi-on+u-tor De'i-es an+ -ir-uits>, Oxfor+ ni'ersity Press2 ?2 $sh*y / En)ineerin) #aterials : &-ien-e an+ +esi)n,Else'ier

MA A:EME T EDUCAT!O (MER!)

A D RESEARC; ! ST!TUTE

COLLE:E OF E :! EER! : A D TEC; OLO:Y (DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING) &ession @ ?013/?01A 3r+ Name of the 0a-ulty: Par'een kumar &u*6e-t 7 Co+e: EE-201-F ELECTRO !C C!RCU!TS &emester: DE"!CES #

COURSE OB<ECT!"E/ The Course aims at learnin) a*out 'arious semi-on+u-tor +e'i-es " NN +io+e2P/N/P/N +io+e, semi-on+u-tor -ontrolle+ re-tifier &C%, *ilateral +e'i-es: D!$C, T%!$C, !"8T #E&0ET, #etal/insulator/ semi-on+u-tor/fiel+/effe-t/transistor #!&0ET, #etal oxi+e semi-on+u-tor fiel+ effe-t transistor #O&0ET MET;ODOLO:Y$ The .e+a)o)y (ill *e le-tures, .resentations, Tutorials, assi)nments an+ -lass (ork2 A3*(evemen': $fter -om.letion of the su*6e-t the stu+ent (ill ha'e kno(le+)e of

!2 " NN +io+e2P/N/P/N +io+e, &C%, D!$C, T%!$C, !!2 #!&0ET, #etal oxi+e semi-on+u-tor fiel+ effe-t transistor #O&0ET

E"ALUAT!O 8esi+es the semester en+ @ examination, the stu+ents (ill *e -ontinuously assesse+ +urin) the -ourse on the follo(in) *asis i2 #i+ Term Examinations : 30 #arks ii2 !nternal $ssessment : ?0 #arks 9 $ssi)nments B$tten+an-e : iii En+ &emester Examination : 100 #arks Total : 150 #arks

LESSO - PLA
De'a(0e5 C%ur&e C%n'en'& Re2eren3e& C%n'a3' ;%ur&

82 "2 &treetman an+ &2 SECT!O -A 8aner6ee =&oli+ state COND CT!N" #$TE%!$L&: ele-troni-s +e'i-es>, 5th %e'ie( of ener)y *an+s, +es-ri.tion of E+ition, P3!2 1? 91CDED13/FDGD13: materials, +rift 'elo-ity, -ollision time, #ean Cha.ter 1,? free .ath, mo*ility, -on+u-ti'ity, relaxation 32 Donal+ Neamaen, time, fa-tors affe-tin) -on+u-ti'ity of =Ele-troniCir-uit materials, ty.es of thermal -on+u-ti'ity, $nalysis an+ Desi)n>, Wie+mann/0ran1 la(, su.er -on+u-ti'ity, 3r+ E+ition, T#32 effe-t of ma)neti- fiel+, -on+u-tin) materials, Cha.ter 1,? a..li-ations2 SECT!O -B &E#!COND CTO%&, CON&T% CT!ON 82 "2 &treetman an+ &2 $ND 8aner6ee =&oli+ state

C3$%$CTE%!&T!C& O0 DE4!CE&: ele-troni-s +e'i-es>, 5th 1? 9EDGD13/ ?FDGD13: %e'ie( of &i an+ "e as semi-on+u-tin) E+ition, P3!2 materials, Continuity E5uation, P/N 6un-tion, Cha.ter 3 Drift 7 Diffusion, Diffusion 7 Transition -a.a-itan-es of P/N 6un-tion2 32 Donal+ Neamaen, 8rief intro+u-tion to Planar Te-hnolo)y for =Ele-troniCir-uit +e'i-e fa*ri-ation2 metal /semi-on+u-tor $nalysis an+ Desi)n>, 6un-tions 9ohmi- an+ non/ohmi-:, *reak+o(n 3r+ E+ition, T#32 me-hanisms in ./n 6un-tion, 1ener +io+e, Cha.ter 3 ele-tri-al an+ o.ti-al ex-itation in +io+es, LED, solar -ells an+ .hoto/+ete-tors2 $n+ -hara-teristi-s2 82 "2 &treetman an+ &2 &ECT!ON :C 8aner6ee =&oli+ state Transistors: #etal/semi-on+u-tor/fiel+/effe-t/ ele-troni-s +e'i-es>, 5th 1? transistors 9#E&0ET:, #etal/insulator/ E+ition, P3!2 9?EDGD13/ semi-on+u-tor/fiel+/effe-t/transistors 9#!&0ET:, Cha.ter A,5 ?3D10D13: #etal oxi+e semi-on+u-tor fiel+ effe-t transistor 9#O&0ET:: Constru-tion, O.eration an+ 32 Donal+ Neamaen, -hara-teristi-s of a*o'e +e'i-es2 =Ele-troniCir-uit 8i.olar 6un-tion transistors: 0un+amentals of $nalysis an+ Desi)n>, 8;T o.eration, am.lifi-ation (ith 8;Ts, 3r+ E+ition, T#32 Cha.ter 5,C SECT!O 8D 82 "2 &treetman an+ &2 &O#E &PEC!$L DE4!CE&: 8aner6ee =&oli+ state Photo+io+es, .hoto +ete-tors, solar -ell, li)ht ele-troni-s +e'i-es>, 5th 1A emittin) +io+es, semi-on+u-tor lasers, li)ht E+ition, P3!2 9?AD10D13/ emittin) materials2 Tunnel Dio+e: +e)enerate Cha.ter F,E ?0D11D13: semi-on+u-tors, !#P$TT +io+e< The transferre+ ele-tron me-hanism: The " NN +io+e2P/N/P/N 32 Donal+ Neamaen, +io+e, semi-on+u-tor -ontrolle+ re-tifier 9&C%:, =Ele-troniCir-uit *ilateral +e'i-es: D!$C, T%!$C, !"8T $nalysis an+ Desi)n>, 3r+ E+ition, T#32 Cha.ter F,E T%'a0 Te9' B%%k&$ 12 $)ar(al / 0oun+ations of analo) 7 Di)ital ele-troniCir-uits,Else'ier 2. 82 "2 &treetman an+ &2 8aner6ee =&oli+ state ele-troni-s +e'i-es>, 5th E+ition, P3!2 um1er %2 Le3'ure&$ 60

32 Donal+ Neamaen, =Ele-troni- Cir-uit $nalysis an+ Desi)n>, 3r+ E+ition, T#32 Re2eren3e B%%k&$ 1. $lok Dutta, =&emi-on+u-tor De'i-es an+ -ir-uits>, Oxfor+ ni'ersity Press2 ?2 $sh*y / En)ineerin) #aterials : &-ien-e an+ +esi)n,Else'ier

&ECT!ON 8 $DD!T!ON$L TOP!C& $ $m.lifirs O.erational am.lifiers &(it-hin) -ir-uits/multi'i*rator,&-hmitt tri))er Po(er am.lifiers 0ee+*a-k am.lifier Thyristor family Trans+u-ers &mall intro+u-tion to mi-ro.ro-essor

ASS!: ME T DETA!LS
SUB<ECT$ EDC BRA C;$ E CE=EEE SUB<ECT CODE$ >r5

EE/?01/0

SEMESTER$

S.

O.

ASS!: ME T

ASS!: ME T !SSUE DATES

ASS!: ME T SUBM!SS!O DATE

ASS!: ME T C;EC?=D!SCUSS!O DATE

$ssi)nment 1

01th aug. 02&3 4th sept02&0 &4th sept 02&3

32 aug 02&3 &0 sept.02&3 02th sept 02&3

0th sept 02&3 &4th sept. 02&3 00th sept 02&3

$ssi)nment ?

$ssi)nment 3

0 5th sept02&3
$ssi)nment A

32th oct. 02&3 &3th oct 02&3 0nd no/. 02&3

3rd oct. 02&3 &4th oct. 02&3 5th no/. 02&3

52

$ssi)nment 5

5th oct 02&3 &6th oct.02&3 6th no/. 02&3

C2

$ssi)nment C

F2

$ssi)nment F

05th no/. 02&3

32th no/. 02&3

MA A:EME T EDUCAT!O (MER!)

A D RESEARC; ! ST!TUTE

COLLE:E OF E :! EER! : A D TEC; OLO:Y (DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING) &ession / ?013/?01A &emester: 3r+ Name of the 0a-ulty: Par'een kumar &u*6e-t 7 Co+e: EE-201-F ELECTRO !C DE"!CES # C!RCU!TS &emester: Fth L 93: T 91: Da'e %2 A&&()nmen'$ 2@'* Au)201> Da'e %2 Su1m(&&(%n$ >0n5 &ep'201> Da'e %2 5(&3u&&(%n$ 2'* &ep'201> ASS!: ME T-1

12What +o you mean *y semi-on+u-torsHex.lain in +etail a*out -on+u-tors an+ insulator (ith exam.les2 ?2What +o you un+erstan+ *y N semi-on+u-torHex.lain the role of free ele-trons in N ty.e materials2 32Ex.lain the ener)y *an+ +ia)ram of -on+u-tor,insulator an+ semi-on+u-tor2 With +ia)ram2 A2(hat is the effre-t of tem.erature on semi-on+u-torHEx.lain (ith neat an+ -lean +ia)ram2 52 ,Ex.lain the 'arious fa-tors affe-tin) -on+u-ti'ity of materials2 C2What +o you un+erstan+ *y 3$LL effe-tH"i'e the ex.ression for 3$LL effe-t2 F2What +o you un+erstan+ *y su.er -on+u-ti'ityH$lso ex.lain the missenerIs effe-t2 E2Ex.lain Wie+mann/0ran1 la( 2 G2Write short notes on follo(in): a: +rift 'elo-ity, *: -ollision time -:#ean free .ath,

MA A:EME T EDUCAT!O (MER!)

A D RESEARC; ! ST!TUTE

COLLE:E OF E :! EER! : A D TEC; OLO:Y (DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING) &ession / ?013/?01A &emester: 3r+ Name of the 0a-ulty: Par'een Jumar &u*6e-t 7 Co+e: EE-201-F &emester: L 93: T 91: ELECTRO !C DE"!CES # C!RCU!TS Fth

Da'e %2 A&&()nmen'$ 6'* &ep'201> Da'e %2 Su1m(&&(%n$ 12'* &ep'201> Da'e %2 5(&3u&&(%n$ 16'* &ep' 201> ASS!: ME T 2 12 What is PN 6un-tion +io+eH 3o( .otential *arrier is forme+ in a .n 6un-tion +io+eH Ex.lain the flo( of -urrent a-ross for(ar+ an+ re'erse *iasH ?2 Dis-uss 4/! Chara-teristi-s of PN 6un-tion +io+e an+ also mention the 'arious a..li-ations of .n 6un-tion +io+eH 32 2Write the e5uation of -ontinuity for ele-trons2ex.lain the .hysi-al meanin) of all terms A2 Distin)uish *et(een Drift an+ +iffusionH 52 Distin)uish *et(een +iffusion transition -a.a-itan-e of .n 6un-tionH C2 &tate an+ ex.lain 1ener +io+e as 'olta)e re)ulatorH $lso +is-uss the 1ener *reak+o(nH F2 What is LEDH "i'e its Prin-i.le an+ (orkin)H E2 "i'e the .rin-i.le, -onstru-tion an+ (orkin) of solar -ell an+ mention its a..li-ationsH G2 (hat are the a..li-ations of LED an+ Kener +io+eH

MA A:EME T EDUCAT!O A D RESEARC; ! ST!TUTE (MER!) COLLE:E OF E :! EER! : A D TEC; OLO:Y (DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING) &ession / ?013/?01A &emester: 3r+ Name of the 0a-ulty: Par'een Jumar &u*6e-t 7 Co+e: EE-201-F ELECTRO !C C!RCU!TS

DE"!CES

&emester: L 93: T 91: Da'e %2 A&&()nmen'$ 16'* &ep'201> Da'e %2 Su1m(&&(%n$ 20'* &ep' 201> Da'e %2 5(&3u&&(%n$ 22'* &ep' 201> ASS!: ME T->

Fth

12 Dra( the -ir-uit +ia)ram an+ (orkin) of NPN an+ PNP TransistorsH ?2 Dis-uss the in.ut 7 out.ut -hara-teristi-s for C8,CE Confi)uration of transistorsH 3 Dra( the -ir-uit +ia)ram of -ommon emitter NPN Transistor as an am.lifierH A2 Define -urrent am.lifi-ation fa-tor L an+ M an+ relation *et(een them LN MD91B M: H 52 Dra( the -ir-uit +ia)ram an+ -hara-teristi-s of ;0ET H C2 Write a short note on #E&0ET 9metal semi-on+u-tor fiel+ effe-t transistor:H F2 Ex.lain #!&0ET9metal insulator semi-on+u-tor fiel+ effe-t transistor:H E2 &tate an+ ex.lain E/#O&0ET 9enhan-ement ty.e: (ith the hel. of -ir-uit +ia)ramH G2 Dra( the -ir-uit +ia)ram an+ (orkin) of DE/#O&0ET 9+e.letion/ enhan-ement ty.e:H

MA A:EME T EDUCAT!O A D RESEARC; ! ST!TUTE (MER!) COLLE:E OF E :! EER! : A D TEC; OLO:Y (DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

&ession / ?013/?01A &emester: 3r+ Name of the 0a-ulty: Par'een kumar &u*6e-t 7 Co+e: EE-201-F ELECTRO !C DE"!CES # C!RCU!TS

Da'e %2 A&&()nmen'$ 2A'* &ep'201> Da'e %2 Su1m(&&(%n$ >0'* &ep' 201> Da'e %2 5(&3u&&(%n$ >n5 %3'201> ASS!: ME T-@ 12 What is .hoto+io+eH "i'e its .rin-i.le 7 (orkin) (ith the hel. of -ir-uit +ia)ramH ?2 Write a short note on .hoto/+ete-tor, solar -ell an+ LEDH 32 "i'e the .rin-i.le, -onstru-tion an+ (orkin) of semi-on+u-tor laserH A2 Des-ri*e the me-hanism of Tunnel +io+eH 52 Write a short note on !#P$TT +io+eH C2 Des-ri*e the me-hanism of "unn +io+eH F2 Dra( 4/! Chara-teristi-s of &C% an+ ex.lain its mo+e of o.erationH E2 Dra( an+ ex.lain the 4/! Chara-teristi-s of Dia-H G2 &tate an+ ex.lain the 4/! Chara-teristi-s of Tria-H

MA A:EME T EDUCAT!O A D RESEARC; ! ST!TUTE (MER!) COLLE:E OF E :! EER! : A D TEC; OLO:Y (DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

&ession / ?013/?01A &emester: 3r+ Name of the 0a-ulty: Par'een kumar &u*6e-t 7 Co+e: EE-201-F ELECTRO !C DE"!CES # C!RCU!TS

Da'e %2 A&&()nmen'$ A'* %3'201> Da'e %2 Su1m(&&(%n$ 1>'* %3' 201> Da'e %2 5(&3u&&(%n$ 16'* %3' 201> ASS!: ME T-6 12What is an !"8T2 Ex.lain (ith the hel. of +ia)ramH ?2 (hat are the a..li-ations of transistorsH 32 Ex.lain the .lanar te-hnolo)y for +e'i-e fa*ri-ationH A2What +o you un+erstan+ *y mo*ility Halso ex.lain relaxation timeH 52 Ex.lain the (orkin) of solar -ellsH C2 Dis-uss the (orkin) of DE/#osfetH F2 Ex.lain the (orkin) of Enhan-ement ty.e #osfetH E2 Differentiate *et(een .hoto+io+e an+ .hoto +e-te-torsH

MA A:EME T EDUCAT!O A D RESEARC; ! ST!TUTE (MER!) COLLE:E OF E :! EER! : A D TEC; OLO:Y (DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

&ession / ?013/?01A &emester: 3r+ Name of the 0a-ulty: Par'een kumar &u*6e-t 7 Co+e: EE-201-F ELECTRO !C DE"!CES # C!RCU!TS

Da'e %2 A&&()nmen'$ 17'* %3'201> Da'e %2 Su1m(&&(%n$ 2n5 n%v 201> Da'e %2 5(&3u&&(%n$ A'* n%v 201> ASS!: ME T-A 12 Ex.lain the (orkin) of 8i/.olar 6un-tion transistorsH ?2 Dis-uss (ith the .henomenon of ne)ati'e resistan-eH 32 Ex.lain the (orkin) of !"8TH A2 Ex.lain the (orkin) of laserH 52 What +o you mean *y Po.ulation !n'ersionH C2 Ex.lain the .ro-ess of am.lifi-ation *y 8;TH F2 Dis-uss the (orkin) of P/N/P/N +io+eH E2 Ex.lain the (orkin) of Tunnel +io+eH

MA A:EME T EDUCAT!O A D RESEARC; ! ST!TUTE (MER!) COLLE:E OF E :! EER! : A D TEC; OLO:Y

(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING) &ession / ?013/?01A &emester: 3r+ Name of the 0a-ulty: Par'een kumar &u*6e-t 7 Co+e: EE-201-F ELECTRO !C DE"!CES # C!RCU!TS

Da'e %2 A&&()nmen'$ 7'* n%v201> Da'e %2 Su1m(&&(%n$ 2A'* n%v 201> Da'e %2 5(&3u&&(%n$ >0'* n%v 201> ASS!: ME T-B 12 Differentiate *et(een #etals, semi-on+u-tors an+ !nsulators (ith res.e-t to ener)y *an+sH ?2 Dis-uss the fa-tors affe-tin) the -on+u-ti'ity of metals an+ semi-on+u-torsH 32 Ex.lain the effe-t of ma)neti- fiel+ on insulatorsH A2 Des-ri*e the .henomenon of su.er-on+u-ti'ityH 52 Ex.lain the o.ti-al ex-itation of +io+eH C2 Dis-uss the fun+amentals of 8;T o.erationH F2 Ex.lain the (orkin) of semi-on+u-tor LasersH E2 Ex.lain the *reak+o(n me-hanism in +io+esH

7#portant +uestions on 8D$

1. .C*a' (& mean' 14 'erm m%1(0('4D 2. E9p0a(n '*e pr%3e&& 2%r Dev(3e 2a1r(3a'(%n D >. Dra/ '*e 3(r3u(' 5(a)ram %2 a 'ran&('%r an5 e9p0a(n ('D. @. C*a' (& D(22u&(%n 3urren' 5en&('4D. 6. E9p0a(n '*e %pera'(%n %2 LEDD. A. De&3r(1e S'a'(3 # D4nam(3 Capa3('an3e D B. E9p0a(n '*e Pr(n3(p0e %2 Opera'(%n %2 !MPATT 5(%5e.D E. C*a' 5% 4%u mean 14 Re0a9a'(%n '(me an5 Mean 2ree pa'*D 7. C*a' 5% 4%u mean 14 &em(3%n5u3'%r p*%'% 5(%5eD E9p0a(n (n 5e'a(0D 10. 11. 12. 1>. 1@. 16. 1A. 1B. 1E. 17. 20. 21. E9p0a(n '*e /%rk(n) %2 &%0ar 3e00D D(&'(n)u(&* 1e'/een MOSFET an5 B<T D E9p0a(n '*e /%rk(n) %2 Tunne0 5(%5eD. C*a' (& '*e (mp%r'an3e %2 Fener 5(%5e (n "%0a'a)e Der(ve an e9pre&&(%n 2%r 5(22u&(%n 3apa3('an3eD C*a' are '*e 2a3'%r& a22e3'(n) &uper3%n5u3'(v('4D. Dra/ '*e 3(r3u(' %2 M%&2e' an5 e9p0a(n ('& '4pe&D. E9p0a(n '*e /%rk(n) %2 Tunne0 5(%5eD Dra/ '*e P! 5(%5e an5 e9p0a(n ('& /%rk(n)D C*a' 5% 4%u mean 14 La&er&D De&3r(1e '*e /%rk(n) %2 Ru14 0a&erD. D(22eren'(a'e 1e'/een BG' an5 D(%5eD.

Re)u0a'(%n D