Detailed Calculation For Box Girder Design

REFERENCES
1. BS 5400 Part 2: 1978, Steel, Concrete and Composite Bridges- Specification for loads.
2. BS 5400 Part 4: 1990 Steel, Concrete and Composite Bridges- Code of Practice for
Design of Concrete Bridges.
3. Jayasinghe M.T.R., Lecture Notes given forM. Eng. Degree Course in Structural
Engineering Design.
4. Clark L.A., 1981 ,Concrete Bridge design to BS 5400, Construction Press London and
New York.
5. Hurst M.K., Nanyang, Pre-Stresses Concrete Design, Technological Institute Singapore
6. User Manual, SAP 2000 V14 Integrated Solution for Structural Analysis and Design.
7. :; \' ',(.
8.
9.
1 !5orgicdc
!
II U.
10. Gee, A.F., "Bridge winners and losers", The Structural Engineer, Vol: 65 A, No 4, pp
141-145, 1987.
11. Burgoyne, C.J ., Jayasinghe, M. T.R., Rationalization of section design philosophy for
prismatic pre-stressed concrete beams.
12. Swann, R.A ( 1972), "A future survey of concrete box spine-beam bridges", Technical
Report 469, Cement and Concrete Association, London, 1972.
13. Podonly, W. & Muller, J.M., Construction and design of pre-stressed concrete segmental
bridges, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1982.
36
APPENDIXES
APPENDIX 1- Manual calculation for box girder
APPENDIX 2- Computer output of the box girder
APPENDIX 3- Computer output of the doubleT beam
APPENDIX 4- Comparison of the forces bending moment and stresses
37
CONTENTS OF MANUAL CALCULATION
A. Notations and their descriptions
B. Load calculations
C. Design of pre-stressed concrete Box Girder
1. Magnal Diagram
2. Calculation of number of ducts
3. Profile of individual ducts
4. Analysis of the Box Girder
5. Losses
6. Check for ultimate limit state
7. Design of End Blok and transverse reinforcement.
~ f r nee
Description
s 540
199(
I able
::) 540
199(
324
; 5401.)
199l
3.2.4
3.2 <
)ble,
5400
1990
3.2.2
1ble 2
Data
Density of Concrete,
Pc
= 24 kN/m
3
Density of Screed Concrete,
P.vc = 24
kN/m
3
Density of Asphalt Concrete,
Pac = 23.6 kN/m
3
Pre stress Loss ratio,
R = 0.8
Span of the bridge, I
30
m
Effective span of the bridge,
/e = 29 m
Carriageway width,
= 7.4 m
Number of lanes
= 2
0-4 Width of the foot walk
= 1500 mm
Characteristic Concrete cube strength of the beam, feu
= 50 N/mm
2
20
Concrete strength at (initial) transfer( at the age of 7 < fc; s = 36
N/mm
2
Characteristic strenght of high yield bars fyv
= 460 N/mm
2
Modulus of Elasticity of grade 50 concrete
Ec = 34000
N/mm
2
Characteristic strenght of mild steel bars
fy
= 250 N/mm
2
1-4
Permissible stresses for class 2 member
a (2' Allowable tensile stress at service,
larrin = 0.36xvfcu N/mm
3
Characteristic Concrete cube strength of the beam, feu
= 50 N/mm2
= o.36xv5o
farrin = 2.55
N/mm2
4
Allowable tensile stress at transfer,
farrint = 1 N/mm2
(1)
Allowable compressive stress at service,
fatmX = Design load in Bending
(a)
= 0.4xfcu
= 0.4x50 N/mm2
farmx = 20
N/mm2
4
Allowable compressive stress at transfer,
!, _ Triangular or near Triangular
DIIBX t - rfic::trin11tinn nf c:tr<=>c::c::
= 0.5xfci
buts 0.4xfcu
:b)
= 0.5x36
farmxt = 18 N/mm2
s 0.4x50
s 20
Output
farrin
2.55
N/mm2
fanint
1
N/mm2
fatmX
20
N/mm2
farm.xt
18
N/mm2
Reference I
Description
I
Output
Details of Precast section
Thckness of bottom flange
tb = 200 mm
Thckness of top flange
II = 250 mm
Thckness of one web
I,.
= 350 mm
Width of the cantilever overhang
we
= 1000 mm
Width of bottom flange
wb
= 3200 mm
Width of top flange
WI
= 4400 mm
Overall depth of beam (Pre cast section)
hp
= 1667 mm
Number of web
N = 2
Cross section of the brigde
1.500M --1 __r_!l.225M
E5 f I r=}-
. M I
_L
o.2sor0 o.200M
0.350M 2.500M ------j
0.200M 1
0.200..;-r- 3.200M
Figure 1
Details of the Precast Section after grouting
I
4.400M
I
r
-J
Q.200M

::Jf290M
r
-r[
0.350r1=
0.3 50 M +----il------
2.5001'1
Q.200M
0.200!'1 1
1-
I
Q.200M J
3.2001'1
Figure 2
.. ___ .___t_:_ ________________ __:_ __________ ..J_ __ ____.
---- -
Reference 1
Description
I
Output
Cross sectional Area,
AP
= 2.740E+06 mm
2
Total Depth, hp
= 1.667E+03
mm
Total width of the top flange
wt
= 4.400E+03 mm
Total width of the bottom flange
wb = 3.200E+03 mm
Height to the top fiber from the neutral axis.
Ypt = 7.150E+02
mm
Height to the bottom fiber from the neutral axis,
Ypb = 9.520E+02 mm
Second Moment of Inertia along x axis,
Jxp
= 1.016E+12 mm
4
Sectional Modulus of the top fiber,
zpt = 1.421E+09 mm
3
Sectional Modulus of the bottom fiber
zpb
= 1.067E+09
mm
3
Weight of the beam per unit length, w - A xp xi
I
wpgl
pgl - c c
wpgl = 65.76
kN/m
65.76
kN/m
Details of the Composite Sections
1.Edge beam
I
5.200M
. O.OF-
1
-

---------.......
t
I
_(r 0.200M
Q.J50M
2.500M
__r__9.200M
0.200M
1-
I
I

. :)UM L_Q.132M
c--- f250M
f.- 1.000M
0.200;-r-
3.200M
I
l
Figure 3
Ac = 3.45E+06 mm
2
Total Depth,
hcl = 1764 mm
Total width of the top flange,
welt
= 5200 mm
Total width of the bottom flange wclb
= 3200 mm
Height to the top fiber from the neutral axis,
Yc1t
= 665 mm
Yclb
= 1099 mm
Moment of Inertia,
/xcl
= 1.31E+12 mm
4
Seactional Modulus of the top fiber,
zeit = 1.97E+09 mm
3
Sectional Modulus of the bottom fiber,
zclb = 1.19E+09 mm
3
I
Weigl
Weight of the beam per unit length,
welgl =A P x p c x 1 kN/m 82.80
Weigl = 82.80 kN/m I kN/m
Refer, :mce
) 5400
1990
I 6.2
-4
Description
Load CaJcuJations
Dead Loads
Dead Loads due to grecast beam
Weight of the beam per unit length, wpgl = 65.76 kN/m
Dead Loads due to comgosite beams
1.Edge beam
Weight of the beam per unit length, Weigl = 82.80 kN/m
Cross sectional Area of the Screed concrete,
Asci
= 7.15E+05 mm
2
Weight of the screed concrete per unit length of bea w sci = AscxPscx1
wscl = 17.16 kN/m
Super imposed dead loads
Super imposed dead loads on edge beam
Cross sectional Area of the Asphalt concrete, Aocl = 1.85E+05 mm
2
Weight of the Asphalt concrete, woe!
= Aocl X Poe X 1
woe! = 4.37 kN/m
Weight of the hand railings per unit length of beam, whr = 0.585 kN/m
Cross sectonal area of the footwalk, Afw = 3.38E+05 mm
2
Weight of the footwalk, wfw = AfwxPscx1
= 8.10 kN/m
Weight of the kerb per unit length of beam,
W.v
= 0.85 kN/m
HA Loading
HA Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL)
Carriage way width = 7.4 m
Number of notional lanes
= 2
For loaded length up to 30 m HA UDL = 30 kN/mllane
HA UDL per unit width of the beam = 30x2x29
7.4x29
= 8.11 kN/m
2
Output
wpgl
65.76
kN/m
Weigl
82.80
kN/m
wscl
17.16
kN/m
woe)
4.37
kN/m
whr
0.585
kN/m
wfw
8.10
kN/m
Akr
0.85
kN/m
--
ence
's 54
19'
d 6
S54
199
7 1
s 54
199
d6.
00-4
'()
{ 2
)0-4
D
1 (a)
10-4
I
.;
1
Description
Output
Effective width for edge beam = 3700 mm
HA UDL on the edge beam = 8.11x3.7 HAUDL
= 30.00 kN/m 30.00
kN/m
HA Knife Edge Load (KEL)
KEL Load for per notional lane = 120 kN/Iane
KEL for a meter width of road = 120x2
7.4
= 32.43 kN/m
Effective width for edge beam = 3700 mm KEL
HA KEL on the edge beam = 120.00 kN 120.00
kN
Pedestrian Load
Pedestrian load per beam
= 5
kN/m
2
Pedestrian load per beam per unit length of bear = 5x1.5
I
= 7.5 kN/m 7.5
kN/m
HB Loading
Case I 300 300 300 300

0
:1.8:
tR1
... 1.8 ...
6.0
i R2
Figure 4
Where, 0 - Bridge Centre
300
a
...
b
v
...

-

l
... _
Figure 5
From the theory ;
q1
=
Pab I (a+b)
=

30
2218
=
2217.6 kNm
kNm
--- ------- - -
~ e f e r e n e
From Figure 5;
From Figure 6;
Description
qo1 = (q1 * Ll2)1b
=
1980 kNm
300
Q02=CI29
L
Figure 6
q2 = qo2 =
=
(P * L/2 * L/2) I L
2250 kNm
......
~ a ~
? ~ b
" > :
From the theory;
From Figure 7 ;
L
Figure 7
q3 =
=
=
qo3 =
=
Pab I (a+b)
300*21*(30-21!
30
1890 kNm
(q3 * U2)1b
1350 kNm
300
a ~ b .,
~
L
.....
Figure 8
From the theory;
q4 = Pab I (a+b)
= 300*22.8*(30-22.8)
30
= 1641.6 kNm
Output
1980
kNm
2250
kNm
1890
kNm
1350
kNm
1642
kNm
----- -
teference
From Figure 8;
Moment @ mid span 0 ;
Similarlly;
Case II
1R1
300
Case Ill
~
.1.8
Description
qo4 = (q4 * U2)/b
=
1080 kNm
mq1
=
qo1 + qo2 + qo3 + qo4
=
6660 kNm
300 300 300
i 0
u
.. 3.0 ~ ~ 3.0
~ 1.8 ...
Figure 9
mq2 = qo'1 + qo'2 + qo'3 + qo'4
qo4
=
6660 kNm
300 300 300 300
LAo
u
i R2
1R1
... 1 8 ~ 1 5 ~ ~ 4.5 .. 1.8 ... j R2
Similarfly;
Moment @ mid span A ;
Section Check
1.Edge beam
Figure 10
mq3 = qo"1 + qo"2 -t qo"3 ; qo"4
= 6660 kNm
mq4 = qo"11 +qo"22 qo"33 . +qo"44
= 6750
kNm
Moment at mid span due to self weight of the beam, M gi = Wc
1
g
1
x 1
2
8
Moment at mid span due to screed concrete,
M gl = 65. 76x29
2
8
= 6913.02 kNm
Mg2 = wscl xP
8
Output
1080
kNm
6660
kNm
6660
kNm
6660
kNm
6750
kNm
Mg2
6913.02
kNm
_____ ....._ ___________________________ .....J...-----1
-
Reference
Description Output
Mcz = 17.16x29
2
8
Mcz
= 1803.95 kNm 1803.95
kNm
Moment at mid span due to Asphalt concrete
Macl =
Wacl X /2
8
= 4.37x29
2
8
Macl
= 458.98 kNm 458.98
kNm
Moment at mid span due to hand railings
M = whr x/2
hr
8
= 0.585x29
2
8
Mhr
= 61.50 kNm 61.50
kNm
Moment at mid span due to footwalk
Mfw = wfw x/2
8
= 8.10x29
2
8
Mfw
= 851.51 kNm 851.51
kNm
Moment at mid span due to kerbs
~ c r = wkr x/2
8
= 0.85x29
2
8
Mkr
= 89.36 kNm 89.36
kNm
Moments due to HA
MHAUDLCI
Moment at mid span due to HA UDL, M HAUDLCI = 3153.75
kNm 3153.75
kNm
Moment at mid span due to HA KEL, M HAKELCI = 870.00 kNm
MHAKELCI
870.00
Moment at mid span due to pedestrian load, M PL = 788.44 kNm
kNm
MPL
788.44
kNm
-
.
-----
Reference Description
Output
Load Amount (KN/m) Moment at mid span
(KNm)
"01/) Unit weight of pre cast section, wpg
1
65.76 6913.02
ro-o
G> ro
Unit weight of screed concrete, W
5
c 17.16 1803.95
o.3
"0
Unit weight of Asphalt concrete, Wac
Q)
4.37 458.98
If)
0 If)
a.."'
E ro
Unit weight of handrails, Whr 0.585 61.50
- 0
L.
...J
Unit weight of kerbs, Wkr 0.85 89.36
Q)"'
a..ro -
:::s Q)
Unit weight of foot walk, Wrw 8.10 851.51 U)Q
Uniformly distributed pedestrian live load 7.50 788.44
HA UDL on the beam 30.00 3153.75
If)
HA KEL on the beam
u
120.00 870.00
ro
0
...J
HB Loading - Case I 6660.00
Q)
>
::::;
HB Loading- Case II 6660.00
HB Loading- Case Ill(@ mid span) 6660.00
HB Loading -Case Ill(@ point "A") 6750.00
Table 1
Table 1 Total moment due to HA loading
=
4023.75 kNm
'
Maximum moment due to HB loading
=
6750.00 kNm
If compare the moments due to HA and HB, moment due to HB is the higher value than the
moment due to HA loading. But for the design purpose should use moment due to HA loading.
By using Table 1
M gl = 6913.02 kNm Mgl
6913.02
Mg2 = 1803.95 kNm kNm
( M.., + M" + M
1
+ M,,J
Mg2
Mq
= x120 1803.95
MHA UDL + MHAKEL
kNm
+MPL xl.OO
Mq
= 7370.55 kNm 7370.55
kNm
-
L_ _____
.
.
-- ---------- -

Description
Design of prestressed concrete beam
Design criterian:Stress in concrete should not exceed the allowable values during the life time of
structure.
Sign convention:
Axial compressive force positive
Distances measured upwards from the neutral axis positive
Compresive stress positive
Transfer condition stresses
Top fiber (fur tensi on)
(
p) (-PxeJ (Mg
1
J
A + Z pi + z pi 2:: -fa mini
( :) -( J + ( J / .. ,., .......... .............. (!)
Bottom fiber (fur compressio n)
(
p) (PxeJ (-Mg
1
J
A + Z ph + Z ph < fa maxi
(:)+ ( J-( J < fomnr .............. (2)
Service condition stresses
Top fiber (for compressio n)
( R:P)+( -R;:xe ]+( M,,;#M,
2
J+( ::) < fomn
( R: p) -( R X:,x e J +( M ';#M,, ]+( ::) < / .......... .... (J)
Bottom fiber (fur temi on)
(
RxP)+(RxPxeJ+(-(Mg
1
+Mg
2
)J+(-MqJ>- .
A Z z z famm
ph ph ph
( R p)+( J-( M,,
2
+"M,, J-( J > _ / , .................................. ( 4)
.
Output
< ____
teference
Description
Output
M gl + M g2 - R X M gl
Mq
= 1.87E+08
R X famin t + famax - z
cit
= 1.87E+08
< zp,
1.42E+09
Section is ok at the top fiber
M gl + M g2 - R X M gl
Mq
= 2.96E+08
R X famaxt + famin- z
clh
= 2.96E+08
<Zpb
1.07E+09
Section is ok at the bottom fiber

---- -
!terence Description
Output
Magnel digram at the mid span of the bridge
(1) =>
e ( ]+ zpl X:anint +;I .............. (S)
(2) =>
e -( J + z ph x;armx I+ M;l .................... .... (6)
(3) =>
Mq x(____e_)
J- Rx:ct .................................. (?)
[ z l
(4)=>
M X ( ______e_)
J- qRx!ch .................................. (8)
[ z l
1.Edge Beam
farrin
= 2.55 N/mm
2
fanint
= 1 N/mm
2
hrmx
=
20 N/mm
2
hrraxt
=
18 N/mm
2
R
=
0.80
AP
= 2.74E+06 mm
2
zpl
= 1.42E+09 mm
3
zph
= 1.07E+09 mm
3
zeit
= 1.97E+09 mm
3
zclb
= 1.19E+09 mm
3
Mgi
=
6913.02 kNm
Mg2
=
1803.95 kNm
'
Mq
=
7370.55 kNm
e/(mm)
-665 0 1099 2500
1/P1
-1.12E-07 -4.92E-08 5.51E-08 1.88E-07
1/P2
-1.05E-08 1.49E-08 5.70E-08 1.11E-07
11P3
6.58E-08 2.88E-08 -3.23E-08 -1.10E-07
11P4
-1.75E-08 2.47E-08 9.45E-08 1.83E-07
.
---

I
-665
em ax
1/P
-1.5E-07
lemin
1099
1/P
-1.5E-07
3.E-07 1
2.E-071

2.E-07
l.E-07
-1000
-2.E-07
-2.E-07
-665
1.6E-07
1099
1.6E-07
z
:::::::
a.
-
....
Description
Chosen1/P
4.00E-08 4E-08
e
0 1000
-+-1/Pl

--a--1/P2
__._1/P3
""""*'-1/P4
Eccentricity,e/(m"!),
------,-- -r--- --- , E max
I

2000 2500 3000 .
!!!- Emrn
- -6 - Chosenl/P
Chosen e
Prestressing force for the section,P = 2s,ooo,ooo N
Eccentricity,e = 500 mm
Feasible Tendon Profile Zone
Bendingmomentat a point x from one support in a simply supportedbeamof due to a uniformly
distributerlload w, M ..u
wxlxx wxx
2
IM =-----
xudl
2 2
! Bendingmomentat a point x from one supportin a simply supportedbeamof length I due to a point load load P, Mxpr
Pxx(l-x)
Mrpl= [
j1.Edge Beam
l,
= 29 m
Weigl
= 65.76 kN/m
wscl
= 17.16 kN/m
wac!
= 4.37 kN/m
whr
= 0.585 kN/m
wfo'
= 8.10 kN/m
WAr = 0.85 kN/m
HA UDL on the edge beam = 30.00 kN/m
HA KEL on the edge beam = 120.00 kN
udl due to pedestrian load = 7.5 kN/m
Output
p
25000000
N
---
Ference Description Output
Length along the Beam /(m),X 0 3.625 7.25 10.875 14.5
Moment due to self wt of the beam,Mg1 /(Nmm) 0 3.0E+09 5.2E+09 6.5E+09 6.9E+09
Moment due to Screed Concrete,Mg2/(Nmm) 0 7.9E+08 1.4E+09 1.7E+09 1.8E+09
Total Moment due to dead load/(Nmm) 0 3.8E+09 6.5E+09 8.2E+09 8.7E+09
Moment due to Asphalt Concrete, /(Nmm) 0 2.0E+08 3.4E+08 4.3E+08 4.6E+08
Moment due to hand raii/(Nmm) 0 2.7E+07 4.6E+07 5.8E+07 6.1E+07
Moment due to footwalki(Nmm) 0 3.7E+08 6.4E+08 8.0E+08 8.5E+08
Moment due to pedestrian load/I(Nmm) 0 3.4E+08 5.9E+08 7.4E+08 7.9E+08
Moment due to kerb/(Nmm) 0 3.9E+07 6.7E+07. 8.4E+07 8.9E+07
Total Moment due to super imposed load/(Nmm) 0 9.5E+08 1.6E+09 2.0E+09 2.2E+09
Moment due to live loads,HAUDL/(Nmm) 0 1.4E+09 2.4E+09 3.0E+09 3.2E+09
Moment due to live loads,HA KEL/(Nmm) 0 3.8E+08 6.5E+08 8.2E+08 8.7E+08
Total Moment due to live loads 0 1.8E+09 3.0E+09 3.8E+09 4.0E+09
Eccentricity,e1/(mm) 575 696 783 835 852
Eccentricity,e2/(mm) 379 500 586 638 655
Eccentricity,e3/(mm) -902 -613 -406 -281 -240
Eccentricity,e4/(mm) -525 -212 12 147 192
Emin/(mm) -902 -613 -406 -281 -240
Emax/(mm) 575 696 783 835 852
i
----
l
Cable Zone
1 0 0 0 ~
--+- Emin/(mm)
-Emax/(mm)
E
-500
~
E
:::::::::
2 4 6 8 lU 16
cu
ChianagiaT'ong the beam/(m)
~ 0
;::;
.:
....
c
cu
500 L
u
u
LLI
-
- -
-
-
1000-
. -"
i
---
~ e f e r e n e
:s 5896
1980
-able 6
.cl. 20
s 5400
199l'
16.i '
'--
I
i
Calculation of number of ducts
1.Edge beam
Prestressing force,P
Type of strand
Nominal tensile strength
Nominal steel area
Description
Specified characteristic breaking load
= 25,000,000 N
= BS 5896-3 super strand-1770-15. 7 -relax 1
= 1770
= 150
= 265,500
N/mm
2
mm
2
N
Output
Maximum prestress force allowed for tendons = 70%xCharacteristic strength
Number of tendons needed
External diametre of duct
Internal diametre of duct
Number of strands per duct
Number of ducts
:n
he
h
BJ I
le
X
= 185,850 N
= Prestressing force
Maximum prestress force allowed for tendons
= 25.000.000
185850
= 135 Nos.
= 60
=50
=7
= 135
7
= 20
t y
0
ho
/A
mm
mm
Nos.
Nos.
Number of,
ducts
20
Nos.
ference
>40(
90
! 36
e 371
Description
Output
Assumed equation for parabolic portion
Y=aX
2
+hX+c
I
At A; X = O,Y = ho
X
= 0 dy = 0
'dx
At 8;
X
= l dy = _!__
'dx n
So;
b = 0
c = ho
i
dy = 2ax
dx
At 8;
dy = _!__
dx n
1
- = 2ax
n
1
a =
2nl
Assumed equation for straight portion;
Y=mX+c
At 8;
dy 1
X=l-=m=-
'dx n
X= lc,Y =he
Straight
y = (X - le) + he
n
Curve
xz
Y=--+ho
2nl
At 8;
X= l,and,Y = h
n=
(2le -!)
2(he-ho)
. . (he- ho) 2
Equation of Parabolic curve Y = ( ) X + ho
l 2/e -I
Equation of Straight line
y = 2(he-hoXX-le) +he
2/e-1
Minimum cover to the ducts at the end of parabolic section =
50 mm
Minimum spacing between the centrelines of ducts at the = 140 mm
end of the parabolic section
------.-------------------------------------,.-----,
1ference Description
Profiles of individual ducts
:; 5400 I Cover to ducts
tart 4 I Minimum cover to ducts
3.8.2 3
Clear distance between ducts
Maximum size of coarse aggregate, hagg
hagg +5mm
. 5400 I vertical internal dimension of the duct
art 4 I Horizontal internal dimension of the duct
i.8 3 3 I Clear distance between ducts
Height to centorid of a duct from bottom fibre at level n
Cross sectional area of a duct at level n
=50
= 19
= 24
=50
=50
=50
= Yn
= AJn
Height to the bottom fiber from the neutral axis (Composite = Y pb -
Output
Cover
mm 50
mm
mm
mm
Clear
mm spacing
mm 50
mm mm
i :
:.. t.'
Centroid of all ducts from the bottom fibre,
y
= (Adl x Yt + Ad2 x Y2 + + Adn x Y I)
Eccentricity of all ducts in the section considered,e
At mid span
Chainage
Eccentricity obtained from the Magnel Diagram
External diametre of the duct
Number of ducts
Strands/duct
--t
(Adl + Ad2 + + Adn)
= y ph - y
=0
= 500
=50
= 20
=7
Ypb = 952
m
mm
mm
= 25,000,000 N
tference Description
Output
Duct
Cross sectional
Duds No. of duds No of Strands
area of a
position
ducU(mm
2
)
y1 100 12 84 1963
y2 300 2 14 1963
y3 500 2 14 1963
-
y4 700 2 14 1963
y5 900 2 14 1963
Total 20
Centrad of all ducts from bottom fiber = 300 mm
Resultant Eccentricity of all tendons,e = 652 mm
Profile5

Profile 3 -------
Profile 2
r--!---
-
lo
lp Is
Zone I
Zone2 Zone3
Length of
Eccentricity at
Length of
Eccentricity at end
Length of Zone Lenth up to mid Number of
start of zone 1 of zone 2 (mid Number of ducts
Zone 1/(m)
/(mm)
Zone 2/(m)
span) /(mm)
3/(m) span /(m) strands
Profile 1 1 852 8 852 5.5 14.5 12 84
Profile 2 1 542 8 652 5.5 14.5 2 14
Profile 3 1 232 8 452 5.5 14.5 2 14
Profile 4 1 -78 8 252 5.5 14.5 2 14
Profile 5 1 -388 8 52 5.5 14.5 2 14
Total 20 140
tferen ce Description
Output
Chainage
Eccentricity/(mm)
I (m)
Profile 1 Profile 2 Profile 3 Profile 4 Profile 5 Resultant
0 852 542 232 -78 -388 542
1 852 564 276 -12 -300 564
2 852 585 317 50 -218 585
3 852 603 353 104 -146 603
4 852 618 383 149 -86 618
5 852 630 408 186 -36 630
6 852 640 427 215 3 640
7 852 647 441 236 30 647
8 852 651 449 248 47 651
9 852 652 452 252 52 652
!
10 852 652 452 252 52 652
I
11 852 652 452 252 52 652
I
12 852 652 452 252 52 652
13 852 652 452 252 52 652
14 852 652 452 252 52 652
14.5 852 652 452 252 52 652
100 410 720 1030 1340
I
'
-1000
Eccentricity of cables along the beam Emin

..
- - Emax
-800 ......
..
--600
.. ..
---ts- Profile 1
...
E
.. ..
... ...
-)'(
Profile 2
E-400
.....
-

6
"1 "14 -
--------Profile 3
Cl)-200
0
--1-Profile 4
(.)

-ProfileS
:s 200
c::
G) 400
-
.....
"'
....
-
.....

(.)
JJ 600)
1- ; - ': "'' . +-
800 - -.A. - - _Ill -
- - - -
- - - - - - - -

1000
i - ------
terence
Description
Output
--
Analysis of the beam
-------- -- ----- --- ------ ---------- ------------- ---------- 1----------
Post tensioning sequence
feu
=50 N/mm
2
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage4 Stage 5
Age 14 days 1 month
5400-4 Strength 36 50
990
Jle 20
When cables are prestressed,all cables are not stresses at once.Differents cable sets are chosen for
stressing procedure.A post tensioning seaquence is introduced and cables are stressed taking each set
of cables at once.At each stage after tensioning stresses are checked at top and bottom fiber.
Number of cables in each set of cables
Total no of
Cable
cables
profile
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6
Profile 1
8 4 12
Profile 2
2 2
Profile 3
2 2
Profile 4
2 2
Profile 5
2 2
Total 20
Cables are stressed according to the the sequence chosen in the above table
The sectional properties at diifferent sections of the beam changes according to the tendon profiles at
each section of the beam. Therefore the section properties has to be found at each section of the beam
before grouting of the beam.when tendons are stressed at stage one( cable set 1) at transfer the
section will have all the ducts without grout. But when the stressing is done at stage two in cable set
two,the the ducts which consists of the cables that are stresses at stage one wil be grouted,thus
section properties will be changed. Therefore section properties at each stage of stressing has to be
calculated as well.
Calculation of sectional l!rol!erties
L
J
0
- Cl
0
-
C2
Y5
0
Y4
Y3
0 G--
Y2
!fl
-------------
tference I Description I Output
Cross sectional Area of the pre cast section AP' = A - A - A - - A
. d! d2 dn
before groutmg P
Height to the centriod of precast section after grouting y
p
Height to the centriod of precast section before grouting
Y' -
Centroidof the precast section before grouting cl
Centroidof the precast section after grouting
c2
Y' = (Ap X Yp- Adl X Y1- Ad2 X Y2.Adn X Yn)
,
- AP
Y' = (A p X y p - L A di X y i)
Ap
LAd; xy; = Adl xyl +Ad2 xy2 + ..... +An xyn
I xp - Moment of inertia of precat section after grouting
,
fxp - Moment of inertia of precat section before grouting
From parallel axis theorem
Ixp'= Ixp + (Y'- Y)2 x Ap -{(Idl + Adl x (i''- ~ 2 + ~ 2 + Ad2 x (i''- y2)2}
+
1
dn + Ad2 x (Y'- Yn)
Lfdi = Jdl +fd2 + ... +fdn
LAd; X (Y'- y;)2 = Adl X (Y'- YI}2 + A2 X (Y'- Y2)2 + .. + Adn X (Y'- Yn)2
, - -
fxp = fxp +(Y' -Y)
2
X Ap- Lfdi- 'LAd;
moment of inertia of a duct of diametre d I d
with respect to x axis
Area of a duct of diametre d Ad
= mf4
-
64
mf2
=
- ~
4
L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - ~
eference Description
1.Edge beam
At mid span (Chainage 14.5 m)
Cross sectional
Ducts
Duct
I No.ofducts INoofStrands Externaldiametre, areaofa ITotaiAreaofthel
Ad;XY;
position at one level,n of duct/(mm)
2
ducts /(mm2)
ductl(mm)
Ad
y1 100 12 84 60
I
2827
I
33929
I
3,392,920
y2 300 2 14 60
I
2"827
I
5655
I
1,696,460
y3 500 2 14 60
I
2827
I
5655
I
2,827,433
y4 700 2 14 60
I
2827
I
5655
I
3,958,407
y5 900 2 14 60
I
2827
I
5655
I
5,089,380
Total I 20 I 140 I I 56549 I 16964600
IAd;XY;
I
Ixp
= I xp + ( y I - y) 2 X A p - L I di - L Adi X (Y I - y i) 2
yl = (A p X y p - I A di X y i)
I
Cross sectional Area of the pre cast section
after grouting
yp
AP
Adl + Ad2 + + Adn
Height to the centriod of precast section
before grouting
~
IAd;XY;
Y'
y ~ _ y
Second moment of area of a circle with diametre d around
= Ypb
= 952
= 2.74E+06
= 56549
AP
mm
mm
2
= A P - Ad! - Ad2 - - Adn
= 2.68E+06 mm2
= 16,964,600 mm
3
= 966 mm
= 14
mm
its centre =
7ld4
64
External diametre of a duct = 60
Second moment of area of a duct around its centre = 636,173 mm
4
Output
Y'
966
mm
----
eference
Description
Output
Duct No. of ducts
External
Id
nxld
(Y'- y;)z
Adi X (Y'- y;)
Ducts
position at one level,n
diametre of
ducU(mm) /(mm
4
)
y1 100 12 60 636,173
7634070 749505 25430111423
y2 300 2 60 636,173
1272345 443209 2506289580
y3 500 2 60 636,173
1272345 216913 1226616598
y4 700 2 60 636,173
1272345 70618 399332958
y5 900 2 60 636,173
1272345 4322 24438660
Total 20
12723450 29586789218
IIdi L(Adi x(Y'- Y;)2)
_LJdi
= 12,723,450
mm
4
L(Ad; x(Y'- Y;)2) = 3.0.E+10
mm
4
Jxp
= 1.0E+12
mm
4
,
= Ixp + (Y'- .YY X Ap- L Idi- L Adi X (Y'- Y;)2
Jxp
,,
9.87E+11
,
Jxp
= 9.87E+11
mm
4
mm
4
,
Ypb
Total depth of the precast section = 1667 mm
966
I
Y' mm Ypb
=
= 966
mm
Ypt
I
Ypt
1
= 701
mm
701
,
mm
, I
zp, = ~
Ypt
z p ~
= 1.41E+09 mm
3
1.41E+09
,
mm
3
' Jxp
zpb =--,
Ypb
zpb
I
= 1.02E+09 mm
3
1.02E+09
mm
3
tference Description Output
Similarly,
when stressing is done at stage 1
Mid Span
At qarter At edge of
span beam
14.5 7.25 0
Cross sectonal area of the precast section before
~
2.68E+06 2.68E+06 2.68E+06
grouting/(mm
2
)
,
9.87E+11 9.87E+11 9.96E+11
Second moment of area before grouting/(mm
4
)
Jxp
Heght to the top fiber from the neutral axis/(mm)
Ypt
I 701 701 704
Heght to the bottom fiber from the neutral axis/(mm)
966 966 963
Ypb
I
Sectional modulus at the top fiber of the section before
1.41E+09 1.41E+09 1.42E+09
grouting/(mm
3
)
-
zptl
Sectional modulus at the bottom fiber of the section before
1.02E+09 1.02E+09 1.03E+09
grouting/(mm
3
)
zpb
I
Moment due to self weight before grouting/(kNm)
Mgl
6770 5078 0
when stressing is done at stage 2
Mid Span
At qarter At edge of
span beam
14.5 7.25 0
~
2.72E+06 2.72E+06 2.72E+06
grouting/(mm
2
)
4
)
,
1.01E+12 1.01E+12 1.01E+12
]xp
Heght to the top fiber from the neutral axis/(mm)
711 711 712
Ypt
1
Heght to the bottom fiber from the neutral axis/(mm) y
1
956 956 955
pb
1.42E+09 1.42E+09 1.42E+09
grouting/(mm
3
)
zpll
1.05E+09 1.05E+09 1.05E+09
grouting/(mm
3
)
zpb
I
,
Moment due to self weight before grouting/(kNm) Mel 6870 5153 0
'
i
l
I
-------.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------.-------,
eference
Description
Prestressing force along a cable changes from point to pont because of friction present Therefore the
prestressing force along the cable is calculated as follows
Friction in the duct due to unintentional variation from the specified profile
: 5400-4
1990 I Prestressing force at distance x from the jack ~ = Poe -Kx Equation 31
67 3 3j where
Kx 0.2,e-Kx = 1-Kx
P. Pre stressing force in the tendon at the
0
- jacking end
K - constant depending on the type of duct
Friction in the duct due to curvature of the tendon
5400-4
990 I Prestressing force at distance x from the jack
3.7.3.4
Prestressing force alonQ the profile 1
I I
Start Zone
Chainage length
Zone 1 0 1
Zone2 1 8
~ n e 9 5.5
-px
px = Poe rP,
where
Equation 32
-px
J.LX ~ 0.2, e rps =I- J.LX
rps rps
(Kx + px) ~ 0.2,
rps
-(Kx+JLX)
e rps = 1- (Kx + JlX)
End
rps
J.l - Coefficient of friction
rps - Radius of curvature,R
Chanage
1
9
14.5
Output
eferem.e
540u--
199t
" ..,
J,l
i400
390
733
&
734
i
4j
t
I
I
I
I
Description Output
Zone 1 is a staright section
px = Poe-Kx
Equation 31 ,
where
Kx :S: 0.2,e-Kx = 1- Kx
Po
= 1300950
N
Start Chainage
X
:0
m
-
K = 0.0033
Kx = 0.000 < 0.2
Therefore,
1-kx
= 1.000
p =
X
Prestressing force at the beam edge px = 1300950 N 1,300,950
N
End Chanage X = 1 m
Kx
= 0.0033 < 0.2 ok
eKx = 1-Kx
= 0.9967
p =
X
px = 1296657
N 1,296,657
N
Zone 2 has a curvature
-( J.IX +Kx)
~ = P o e
rps
Equation 31 and 32,
where
(Kx+ ~ :s:; 0.2, e
-(Kx+JIX)
rp, = 1-(Kx+ ,ux)
rps
rps
Start Chainage = 1 m
Po
= 1296657 N
for steel moving on steel
J.L
= 0.3
rps
=R
Radius of curvature at the end of zone 2 =
I
-
R
1
-
R = 2.70E-06 mm
eferenc e Description
Output
Therefore,
R
= 370.37 m
At the end of zone 2, Chainage = 9 m
X
f..K
-+Kx = 0.0065
< 0.2 ok
rps
-(Kx + JiX)
- ( J.iX
e
rps
-1- Kx+-)
p =
rps
X
1,288,255
px = 1 ,288,255 N N
i
Zone 3 is a straight section px = Poe-Kx
I
where
Kx 0.2,e-Kr = 1- Kx
I
Po
= 1,288,255
N
1
At the end of zone 3,
Chianage = 14.5
m
i
X = 5.50
m
Kx
= 0.01815
< 0.2 ok
P=
X 1264873
N
Chianage/(_mj_
0 1 9 14.5
t-'restressmg rorce or
1,300,950 1,296,657 1,288,255 1,264,873
the orofile 2HN}
t
Beam edg_e Quarter span Midspan
!
Chianage/(m) 0.0 2.0 7.25 12.0 14.5
t
-
0
Profile 1 1300950 1292364 1269825 1249432 1238700
Q) ...--.
oZ
._ ........
Profile 2 1300950 1295607 1290093 1275501 1264873 o--
- ..--
OlQ)
1289803 ~ li= Profile 3 1300950 1295560 1275134 1264509
en o
en ._
Q)O.
Profile 4 1300950 1295045 1286584 1271054 1260463
-= Q)
en..c
Q) ......
Profile 5 1300950 1294524 1283324 1266923 1256366
._
a_
_j_
,-
Reference I Description
At mid span
Chosen cables for tension in 1
Profile I
Duct
Number of cables
Prestressing
1
T t
1
t
tensioned from each
. o a orce
position
force 1n one t
1 1
1 Force X y
name
y/(mm)
profile in stage 1
cable a one eve
Profile 1 I 100 I
8
1,238,700 I 9909596.341 990959634
Profile 2 I 300 I
2
1,264,873 I 2529745.4 I 758923620
Profile 3 I 500 I
2
1,264,509 12529017.4511264508723
Profile 4 I 700 I
0
1,260,463 J
0
0 I 0
Profile 5 I 900 I
2
1,256,366 12512732.6712261459407
Total
I 17481092 15275851385
Total prestressing force at stage one= 17,481,092 N
Centroid of forces from the bottom of the beam = L Force x Y
Totalforce
= 5275851385
17481091.9
yf = 302 mm
Eccentricity = Y'-Y
f
Y'
=966 mm
Eccentricity of force = 664 mm
Calculation of stresses
Stage 1
Pre-cats section before grouting at transfer condition-Mid span
Neutral Axis
Level
PIA
8
8
-Pxe/Zpt' Mg l/Zpt'

Pxe/Zpb'
-Mgl/Zpb'
6.514 O.OOOE+OO 4.80
Stress at top most fibre = _!_ _ P x e + M gl
, , ,
Ap zpt zpt
I
Output
.Reference
Description
P = 17,481,092 N
Eccentricity of force = 664
mm
,
A ,
1
( l,x x' J
Mg,
= xp X X---
p c 2 2
A ~
= 2.68E+06 mm
2
Pc
= 24 kN/m
3
[e = 29 m
At mid span x = 14.5
,
Mg,
= 6770
zpr'
= 1.41E+09
zpb
'
= 1.02E+09
Stress at top most fibre = 3.08
Allowable tensile stress at transfer, = -1
m
kNm
mm
3
mm
3
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
Stress at the bottom most fibre= P P x e M gl
--+ ---
1 I 1
AP z pb Z pb
Stress at the bottom most fibre = 11.26
Allowable compressive stress at transfer, = 18
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
P Pxe Mgl
Stress at tendon level ----, + , - --,
,
Z pe
AP Zpe Zpe
- J xp
e
,
= 1.49E+09 mm
3
Stress at tendon level = 9. 77
N/mm
2
Output
3.08
N/mm
2
11.26
N/mm
2
10
N/mm
2
~ j _ _ _j
----
~ e f e r e n c e
Description Output
Similarly
Stage 1
Midspan Quarter Span Beam Edge
Prestressing force,P/(N)
17481091.9 17,885,037 18,213,300
,
Moment due to self weight before grouting/(kNm} Mal
6770 5078 0
Eccentricity of the force,e/(mm)
664 660 553
1.41E+09 1.41E+09 1.42E+09
grouting/(mm
3
)
zpt,
-
1.02E+09 1.02E+09 1.03E+09
grouting/(mm
3
)
zpb
'
,
9.87E+11 9.87E+11 9.96E+11
4
)
/xp
Sectional modulus at the centroid of force before
1.49E+09 1.50E+09 1.80E+09
grouting/(mm
3
)
~
2.68E+06 2.68E+06 2.68E+06
grouting/(mm
2
)
Stress at the top most fibre/(N/mm
2
)
3.08 1.88 -0.33
Stress at bottom most fiber/(N/mm
2
)
11.25 13.25 16.53
Stress at tendon leveV(N/mm
2
)
9.77 11.16 12.39
Stage 2
Prestressing force,P/(N)
7475724.28 7,652;467 7,805,700
Moment due to self weight before grouting!(kNm} M _,'
6870 5153 0
Eccentricity of the force of stage 2,e/(mm)
654 650 545
1.42E+09 1.42E+09 1.42E+09
grouting/(mm
3
) zpt,
1.05E+09 1.05E+09 1.05E+09
grouting/(mm
3
)
zpb
I
,
9.87E+11 9.87E+11 9.96E+11
4
)
/xp
Sectional modulus at the centroid of force before
1.51E+09 1.52E+09 1.83E+09
grouting/(mm
3
)
~
2.72E+06 2.72E+06 2.72E+06
grouting/(mm
2
)
Stress at the top most fibre/(N/mm
2
)
-0.70 -0.70 -0.14
Stress at bottom most fiber/(N/mm
2
)
7.38 7.53 6.90
Stress at tendon level of the cables in stage 2/(N/mm
2
)
5.98 6.09 5.20
Eccentricity of the force of stage 1 ,e/(mm) 654 650 545
Stress at tendon level of the cables in stage1/(N/mm
2
) 5.99 6.09 5.20
r . ~ ~
Description
.,Reference
BS 5400
Part 4
1990
ci.6J.2. &
cl.6. 7.2.3
Short term prestress losses
A. loss of Prestress due to elastc defonnaion of concrete
Strain in concrete, =
8
c
(J"c
&c=E
_c
O" c - Stress of concrete
& c - Strain in concrete
Ec - Modulus of Elasticity of concrete
Strain in concrete = &s
/l(J" s
& =---
s E
s
& s - Strain in concrete
llO" s - Loss of prestress in steel
Es
- Modulus of Elasticity of steel
At the tendon level Strain in steel = Strain in concrete
&s =Ec
/l(J"s = (J"c
Es E
c
Loss of force in the steel, llP = !lO" x A
s s
Cross sectional area of steel = As
= (J"c x-As XEs
Ec
.......... ()
Since the tensioning of the steel is done gradually during post tensioning, the stress in tendons are
taken as the half of the stress in the steel for calculation of prestress loss
Loss of prestressing force= O.S x O"c x As xEs
Ec
Output

3S 5400-4
1990

I
Table3
;r.4.3.2.2.
Figure2
Stage 1
Chainage/(m)
14.5 (mid span)
7.25 (quarter span)
0 (beam edge)
Average stress along
the cable/Nmm, u
c
Description
Stress in concete
at tendon level
/(N/mm
2
)
9.77
11.16
12.39
11
Cross sectional area of steel = Cross sectional area of one tendon X
A number of tendons stresses
s
Cross sectional area of one tendon = 150 mm
2
Number of tendons needed = 98
As = 14700 mm
2
Characteristic Concrete cube strength at transfer = 36
Modulus of Elasticity of concrete E c = 29.8
= 29,800
Modulus of Elasticity of steel Es = 200
= 200,000
N/mm
2
kN/mm
2
N/mm
2
KN/mm
2
N/mm
2
Loss of prestressing force = 0.5 x Uc x As xEs
Ec
Loss of pre stress
= 547,823 N
Loss of stress due to direct force loss = AP
A'
p
= 547,823
2.68E+06
= 0.20
loss of stress due to loss of moment at the top fiber = AP x e
zp,'
N/mm
2
after 7 days
Output
AP
547,823
N
'-
. Reference
Description
Output
AP = 547,823 N
e = 664 mm
zpl,
= 1.41E+09 mm
3
zpb '
mm
3
= 1.02E+09
loss of stress due to loss of moment at the top fiber= -0.26 N/mm
2
-0.05
Loss of stress due to loss of moment at the bottom fiber =
0
M x e
zpb '
= 0.36 N/mm
2
0.56
Stresses after stage 1 stressing -Mid span,
Stress at the top most fibre/(N/mm2) = 3.08
Stress at bottom most fiber/(N/mm2) = 11.25
Stress at tendon leveii(N/mm2) = 9. 77
Stresses after the losses,
Resultant stresses at top fiber = 2.62 N/mm
2
Resultant stresses at botttom fiber = 1 0.69 N/mm
2
Similarly,
Mid Span
Average
Loss of stress
Loss of stress
Loss of stress due
Cables stress along
M
due to direct
due to loss of
to loss of moment
considered the
A. moment at the
cable/N/mm
2
mm
2
N
force loss
top fiber
at the bottom fiber
Stage 1 St1 cbls 11.11 14700 547823 0.20 -0.26 0.36
St2 cbls 5.76 6300 121668 0.04 -0.06 0.08
Stage 2
St1 cbls 5.76 14700 283968 0.10 -0.13 0.18
Total prestress loss 953458
Quarter Span
Average
Loss of stress
Loss of stress
Loss of stress due
Cables
stress along
As
M due to direct
due to loss of
to loss of moment
considered the moment at the
cable/N/mm
2
mm
2
N
force loss
top fiber
at the bottom fiber
Stage 1 St1 cbls 11.11 14700 547823 0.20 -0.26 0.35
St2 cbls 5.76 6300 121668 0.04 -0.06 0.08
Stage 2
283968 St1 cbls 5.76 14700 0.10 -0.13 0.18
--
.---
.Reference I
Description
I
Output
BS 5400-4
1990
Cl6 7.2.6
Beam Edse
Average
Loss of stress
Loss of stress
Cables I stress along
A.
I1P
due to direct
due to loss of I Loss of stress due
to loss of moment
considered the
moment at the t th b
11
fibe
cable/N/mm
2
, mm
2
force loss
topfiber a e o om r
N
Stage 1 St1 cbls 11.11 14700 547823 0.20 -0.21
St2 cbls 5.76 6300 121668 0.04 -0.05
Stage 2
St1 cbls 5.76 14700 283968
I 0.10 I -0.11
B. loss of prestress due to slip during anchorage
Stage 1
At mid span
if,Anchorage slip = 8
loss of prestressing force = x E x A
I s s
Modulus of Elasticity of steel
E.
A.
I
= 200,000
= 14700
= 30
Assume Slip of the cable = 6
8
= 12
N/mm
2
mm
2
m
mm per 15m
mm
loss of prestressing force = 1, 176,000 N
loss of direct stress = M
A'
p
A' = 2.68E+06 mm
2
p
loss of direct stress = 0.44
loss of stress at the top most fiber = M x e
zpt,
N/mm
2
e = 664 mm
zpt'
Mxe
zpt,
= 1.41E+09
= -0.55
Mxe
loss of stress at the bottom most fiber = ---
Zph'
mm
3
N/mm
2
I
I
I
0.29
0.06
0.15
1,176,000
N
Reference
Description Output
..
z pb ' = 1.02E+09
mm
3
Mxe
= 0.76 N/mm
2
zph,
Stresses after the elastic deformation,
Stress at top most fibre = 2.62 N/mm
2
Stress at bottom most fibre = 10.69 N/mm
2
.
Stresses after the losses,
2
Resultant stresses at botttom fiber = 9.48 N/mm
2
Mid Span
Loss of stress
Loss or stress
Loss of stress due
Cables due to loss of
considered A
llP
due to direct
moment at the
to loss of moment
mms:z
N
force loss
top fiber
at the bottom fiber
Stage 1 St1 cbls 14700 1176000 0.44 -0.55 0.76
St2 cbls 6300 504000 0.19 -0.23 0.31
Stage 2
St1 cbls 14700 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
Quarter Span
Loss of stress
LOSS 01 Suess
Loss of stress due
Cables due to loss of
considered
A M
due to direct
moment at the
to loss of moment
(Jr mmi
N
force loss
too fiber
at the bottom fiber
Stage 1 St1 cbls 14700 1176000 0.44 -0.55 0.76
St2 cbls 6300 504000 0.19 -0.23 0.31
Stage 2
St1 cbls 14700 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
Beam Ed e
Loss of stress
Loss of stress
Loss of stress due
Cables
As
due to direct
due to loss of
to loss of moment
considered
M
moment at the
a mm
2
N
force loss
top fiber
at the bottom fiber
Stage 1 St1 cbls 14700 1176000 0.44 -0.46 0.63
St2 cbls 6300 504000 0.19 -0.19 0.26
Stage2
0 St1 cbls 14700 0.00 0.00 0.00
--
.
.
.--
.. Reference
BS 5400-4
1990
cl.6.7.2.5 1
BS 5400-4!1
1990
T.able 20
Description
C.Loss of prestress due to creep of concrete
Stage 1 at mid span
Loss of prestress of the tendon = Creep coefficient X Modulus of elasticity
of the tendon X stress at the tendon level
After 14 days of concreting,
Strength of concrete =. 36
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
After 14 days of concreting, Creep coefficient = 0.000036 X 40/fci
Es
= 0.00004
= 200,000 N/mm
2
<40
N/mm
2
perN/mm
2
After 14 days of concreting,Loss of prestress of the tendon = 0.5X(Creep coefficient X Modulus of elasticity of the
tendon X stress at the tendon level)
Maximum stress in the section = 11.25
<fa/3
ok
Loss of prestress of the tendon = 39
N/mm
2
A, = 14700
Loss of prestressing force/(N) = 574343 N
Loss of stress
Direct loss = M
A'
p
= 574.343
2.68E+06
= 0.21
Loss of stress due to loss of moment at the top fiber = AP x e
z p ~
N/mm
2
AP = 574,343 N
e=664 mm
z I 3
pr = 1.41E+09 mm
Z ph
1
= 1.02E+09 mm
3
Loss of stress due to loss of moment at the top fiber = -0.27 N/mm
2
Output
574,343
N
Output
Loss of stress due to Joss of moment at the bottom fiber =
Mxe
zpb
'
= 0.37 N/mm
2
Stresses after the elastic deformation and anchorage slip mid span after 14 days,
Stress at top most fibre = 1.62 N/mm
2
Stress at bottom most fibre := 9.48 N/mm
2
Resultant stresses after 14 days creep of concrete
2
I
Resultant stresses at botttom fiber = 8.90 Nlmm
2
Similarly,
Mid Span
Stress at
M
Loss of stress
Loss of stress
Loss of stress due
Cables
cable A,
N due to direct
due to loss of
to loss of moment
considered moment at the
levei/N/mm
2
mm
2 force loss
top fiber
at the bottom fiber
Stage 1 St1 cbls 9.768 14700 574343 0.21 -0.27 0.37
St2 cbls 5.983 6300 135685 0.05 -0.06 0.08
Stage 2
St1 cbls 5.985 14700 316736 0.12 -0.15 0.20
Quarter Span
Stress at Loss of stress
Loss of stress
Loss of stress due
Cables
cable A,
N due to direct
due to loss of
to loss of moment
leveVN/mm
2
mm
2 force loss
top fiber
at the bottom fiber
Stage 1 St1 cbls 11.164 14700 656426 0.24 -0.31 0.42
St2 cbls 6.086 6300 138036 0.05 -0.06 0.09
Stage 2
St1 cbls 6.088 14700 322192 0.12 -0.15 0.20
Total prestress Joss
1116654
Beam Ed! e
Stress at Loss of stress
Loss ot stress
Loss of stress due
Cables
cable A,
N due to direct
due to loss of
to loss of moment
leveVN/mm
2
mm
2 force loss
top fiber
at the bottom fiber
Stage 1 St1 cbls 12.385 14700 728247 0.27 -0.28 0.39
St2 cbls 5.196 6300 117854 0.04 -0.05 0.06
Stage 2
274993 St1 cbls 5.196 14700 0.10 -0.11 0.14
~ ~
r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - -
.Reference Description
D.Loss of prestress due to shrinkage of the concrete
Shrinkage per unit length, = c_,h
BS 5400
Part4
ci.6.7.2.4,After 14 days
Table29
Prestress loss due to shrinkage= &sh x E, x A.
Prestress loss due to shrinkage = 0.5 x & sh x E s x As
Total area of steel A.
E.
= 21000
= 200000
= 0.0002
mm
2
kN/mm
2
For normal exposure,
Esh
Prestress loss due to shrinkage = 420000 N
Loss of stress Direct force =
~ p
A
p
= 420000
2.74E+06
= 0.15
Loss of stress due to loss of moment at the top fiber = .6. P x e
zpl
N/mm
2
e = 652 mm
zp,
= 1.42E+09
Loss of stress due to loss of moment at the top fiber = -0.19
Loss of stress due to loss of moment at the bottom fiber = Ll P X e
z ph
mm
3
N/mm
2
Z ph = 1.07E+09 mm
3
Loss of stress due to loss of moment at the bottom fiber = 0.26 N/mm
2
Resultant stresses after 14 days of creep of concrete
Resultant stresses at top fiber = 1.14
Resultant stresses at bottom fiber = 8.90
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
Resultant stresses after 14 days of the cable set one before stressing cable set 2
Resultant stresses at top fiber = 0. 79
Resultant stresses at bottom fiber = 8.49
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
Output
420000
N
Reference I
Description
Loss of stress
Prestress loss due I d t d" ct
~ ~ : s t ~ ~ ~ : : ~ ; Loss of stress due
Age
I A.,
. ue o 1re
to shnnkage/(N) ~
1
/(mm
2
)
Mid Span 1 month 21000 420,000
Quarter Span 1month 21000 420,000
Beam Edge 1 month 21000 420,000
After stressing cable set 2 at stage 2 after one month
At mid span
Stress at top fiber due to stresses in cable set 2
Stress at bottom fiber due to stresses in cable set 2
Loss due to elastic deformation
Cable set 1
Loss of direct stress in cable set 1
Loss of stress in cable set 1 due to moment loss at the
top fibre
bottom fibre
Cable set 2 loss due to elastic deformation
Loss of direct stress in cable set 2
top fibre
bottom fibre
Anchorage loss
Cable set 1 anchorage loss
Loss of direct loss in cable set 1
top fibre
bottom fibre
orce oss
I 0.15
I 0.15
I
0.15
= -0.70
= 7.38
= 0.10
= -0.131
= 0.176
= 0.04
= -0.06
= 0.08
= 0.00
= 0.00
= 0.00
t t th to loss of moment
momen a e t the bott fibe
top fiber a om r
I -0.19
I -0.19
I -0.16
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
I 0.26
I 0.25
I 0.21
Output
~ ~ ~
Reference
Description
Output
Loss of direct stress in cable set 2 = 0.19 N/mm
2
Loss of stress in cable set 2 due to moment loss at the = -0.23
N/mm
2
top fibre
Loss of stress in cable set 2 due to moment loss at the = 0.31
N/mm
2
bottom fibre
0
Total losses
Loss of direct stress = 0.33 N/mm
2
Loss of stress at top most fibre = -0.420 N/mm
2
Loss of stres at bottom most fibre = 0.565 N/mm
2
Resultant stresses at top fiber = -0.67 N/mm
2
I
2
Loss of prestress due to creep of concrete after 30 days
"
Cable set 1
2
Loss of stress in cable set 1 due to moment loss at the = -0.15
N/mm
2
top fibre
Loss of stress in cable set 1 due to moment loss at the = 0.20
N/mm
2
bottom fibre
2
2
Cable set 2 loss due to elastic deformation
2
top fibre = -0.06 N/mm
2
bottom fibre = 0.08 N/mm
2
I_
2
2
i!.
Reference
Description
E. loss of prestress due to relaxation of steel
BS 5400-41 For relaxation class 1, Maximum relaxation after 1000 h for an initial load of 70% of the breaking load,
is 8 % of prestressing force
1990
cl.6.7.2.2 Type of strand = BS 5896-3 super strand-1770-15.7-relax 1
BS 5896
1980
~ _ h - a
In all cables
At mid span
Loss of stress
Relaxation class = class 1
Prestresing force at the jacking end = 26,019,000 N
Percentage prestress loss = 8
%
Loss of Prestressing force = 2081520 N
As = 21000 mm
2
Loss of stress in cable = 99.12
Direct force = ~
A
p
= 2081520
2.74E+06
= 0.76
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
!l.P x e
Loss of stress due to Joss of moment at the top fiber =
z pt
e = 652 mm
Z P
1
= 1.42E+09 mm
3
Loss of stress due to Joss of moment at the top fiber = -0.96 N/mm
2
Loss of stress due to Joss of moment at the bottom fiber
_ !l.P x e
zph
Z ph = 1.07E+09 mm
3
Loss of stress due to Joss of moment at the bottom fiber = 1.27
Resultant stresses after 30 days
Resultant stresses at top fiber
Resultant stresses at botttom fiber
= -0.29
= 14.52
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
After 2 months
Output
---
Reference
Description Output
Resultant stresses after 1 month
2
2
Similarly,
"
'
Loss of stress
Loss of stress Loss of stress
M due to direct
due to toss of due to loss of
/(N) force loss
moment at the moment at the
top fiber bottom fiber
I
Mid Span 2081520
0.76 -0.96 1.27
Quarter Span 2081520
0.76 -0.95 1.26
Beam Edge 2081520
0.76 -0.79 1.08
Total prestress force loss = 4411399 N
Total prestressing force = 24956816 N
Percentage prestress loss = 17.68 %
Smilarly,After stressing cable set 2 at stage 2 after one month streesses at quarter and mid
span can be summarised as follows,
MidSpan Quarter span Beam edge
Stresses after stage 1 stressing
3.08 1.88 -0.33
11.25 13.25 16.53
Loss due to elastic defonnation after stage 1 stressing
Top fibre
-0.26 -0.26 -0.21
Bottom fibre
0.36 0.35 0.29
Direct
0.20 0.20 0.20
Resultant
Top
2.62 1.42 0.09
Bottom
10.69 12.69 16.04
Loss of slip stage 1
Top
-0.55 -0.55 -0.46
Bottom
0.76 0.76 0.63
Direct
0.44 0.44 0.44
--
---
---
Reference
Description Output
Resultant
Top
1.62 0.43 -0.81
I
Bottom
9.48 11.49 14.97
I
I
Creep loss after stage 1stressing
-0.27 -0.31 -0.28
I
Top
I
I
Bottom
0.37 0.42 0.39
I
!
Direct
0.21 0.24 0.27
Resultant
Top
1.14 -0.12 -0.25
Bottom
8.90 10.82 14.31
Loss of prestress due to shrinkage of the concrete
Top
-0.19 -0.19 -0.16
Bottom
0.26 0.25 0.21
Direct
0.15 0.15 0.15
Resultant
Top
I
0.79
I
0.23
I
0.06
I
Bottom
8.49 10.41 13.94
After stressing cable set 2 at stage 2 after one month
Top -0.70 -0.70 -0.14
Bottom 7.38 7.53 6.90
Resultant stresses after stressing cable set 2
Top
0.09 -0.47 -0.08
Bottom
15.87 17.95 20.84
-- -- --- - ~
nee Description
Output
Loss due to elastic deformation
Cable set 1
Top
-0.13 -0.13 -0.11
Bottom
0.18 0.18 0.15
Direct
0.10 0.10 0.15
Resultant
Top
-0.15 -0.24 0.18
Bottom
15.59 17.67 20.55
Cable set2
Top
-0.06 -0.06 -0.05
Bottom
0.08 0.08 0.06
Direct
0.04 0.04 0.04
Resultant
Top
-0.05 -0.14 0.09
Bottom
15.47 17.55 20.44
Anchorage loss
Top
0.00. 0.00 0.00
Bottom
0.00 0.00 0.00
Direct
0.00 0.00 0.00
Top
-0.05 -0.14 0.09
Bottom
15.47 17.55 20.44
Resultant
Top
-0.23 -0.23 -0.19
Bottom
0.31 0.31 0.26
Direct
0.19 0.19 0.19
r-
.. Reference
Resultant
Top
Bottom
0.37
14.97
Description
0.28
17.05
Loss of prestress due to creep of concrete after 30 days
cable set 1
Top
Bottom
Direct
Resultant
Top
Bottom
cable set 2
Top
Bottom
Direct
Resultant
Top
Bottom
-0.15
0.20
0.12
0.11
14.66
-0.06
0.08
0.05
0.00
14.53
Loss of prestress due to relaxation of steel
Top
Bottom
Direct
Resultant
Top
Bottom
-0.96
1.27
0.76
1.71
12.49
-0.15
0.20
0.12
0.01
16.73
-0.06
0.09
0.05
-0.10
16.60
-0.95
1.26
0.76
1.61
14.57
Output
-0.29
20.00
-0.11
0.14
0.10
-0.09
19.75
-0.05
0.06
0.04
0.00
19.65
-0.79
1.08
0.76
-1.55
17.81
r-------,-------------------------------------------------------------------------.-------,
Reference
Description
Immediately after placing the concrete
Mid span
Prestressing force after initial losses, P = 20,545,417 N
Moment at mid span due to self weight of the beam, Mgt = 6913 kNm
Moment at mid span due to screed concrete, Mg2 = 1804 kNm
Resultant Eccenticity of cables,
PIA Pxe/Zpt
8
c>
Neutral
Axis
c>
CB
PIA
Pxe/Zpb
Z pi = 1.42E+09 mm
3
zpb = 1.07E+09 mm
3
AP = 2. 7 4E+06 mm
2
e = 652 mm
Mgl/Zpt Mg2/Zpt
()
[r
8
~
Mgl!Zpb
Mg2/Zpb
P Pxe Mg, Mg2
----+--+--
Stress at top most fibre = A z z z
pi pi pi
= 2.98 N/mm
2
p Pxe Mg, Mg2
stress at bottom most fibre = A + -
2
- z-z
ph ph ph
= 10.80 N/mm
2
Output
2.98
N/mm
2
10.80
N/mm
2
L L ~
,.-----
Reference
Description
Output
Similarly,
Quarter
Beam Edge
Span
Initial prestressing force
25,537,504 26,019,000
!
Total pre stress losses
4419206 4351826
Prestressing force after initiallosses,P/N 21,118,298 21,667,174
Moment due to self weight of the
Mg,
5184.77 0
beam/(N/mm)
.
Moment due to screed concrete/(N/mm)
Mgz
1352.96 0
zp,
mm
3
1.42E+09 1.42E+09
zpb
mm
3
1.07E+09 1.07E+09
AP
mm
2
2.74E+06 2.74E+06
Resultant Eccentricity of all tendons, e mm 648 542
Stress at top most fibre N/mm
2
-0.67 1.54
Allowable stress at bottom most fibre N/mm
2
12.16 16.77
I
loss of prestress due to differential shrinkage
After placing screed on the beam,
__[_ t.Q6QM
5.200M
__[_Q.132M
Prestress
l rm
A
~ w -r250M
0
Designers
p.290M .J
cr.1isr1
a
..........
- -
7
Handbook
0.400rv
P.W.Ables
eP
1.667M
Q 952M
To find the neutral axis of added concrete,
Taking moments along the axis through point A
-
(60x5200x30+0.5x72x5200x84-
X
=
2x400x250x125-2x0.5x400x40x263)
(60x5200+0.5x72x5200+2x400x250+2x0.
5x400x40)
= -5.77 mm
ea +ep = 1670-5.77-ypb
......... (1)
= 712
mm
e a I a
--= m --
.......... (2)
eP
Ixp
.
ence
'
400-4
90
t3.4
At mid span
(1) And (2)
Description l I Output
I ' _ 9.40E+09 mm
4
ar -
IxJ = 1.02E+12 mm
4
I
nil - Modular ratio=1
I
I) _ Moment of Inertia of added concrete
I ~ _ Moment of inertia of precast concrete
e /
~
e ;
I
m __ a
P:
I
xp
i
j
i = 0.01
eP = 706
ea = 7
AP = 2.74E+06
lxp = 1.02E+12
Au = 7.15E+05
Ia = 9.40E+09
Ea,Ep = 34000
mm
mm
mm
2
mm
4
mm
2
mm
4
N/mm
2
F - Force exerted by differential Shrinkage
F
2 . 2
' F F xeP Fxe
11& = + ++ a
APxEP AaxEa lxpxEP /axEa
11& = 0.43x200x1 0-6
F= 11&
2 2
e e
---+ ++ p __ a_
1 1
AP xEP Aa xEa lxp xEP Ia xE,
= 1.30E+06 N
Bending moment due to this force= 917586487 Nmm
Loss of direct stress = 0.47
Bending stress at the top fibre = 0.65
Bending stress at the bottom fibre= -0.86
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
. jstresses at mid span after placing screed
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
l
Stress at the top fiber = 2.98
. Stress at the bottom fiber= 10.80
-
renee Description
Output
- M
Stress at the top fibre of the composite section due to Mq - z q
ct
r.fu
= 3.14 N/mm
2
Stress at the top level of the pre cast section = 2.70 N/mm
2
Stress at the bottom fibre of the composite section due to
=
Mq
Mq
zch
= -5.19 N/mm
2
Stress at the top most fiber of composite section = 1.86 N/mm
2
Resultant stress on the precast section top fibre = 4.56 N/mm
2
Stress at the bottom most fiber of pre cast section = 9.47 N/mm
2
Resultant stress on the precast section bottom fibre = 4.28 N/mm
2
Similarly
Quarter span Beam Edge
Moment due to live loads 4.64E+09 O.OOE+OO
Stress at the top fibre of the composite section due to Mq 2.36 0.00
Mq
zct
Stress at the top level of the pre cast section 2.02 0.00
Stress at the bottom fibre of the composite section due to
-3.89 0.00
Mq
Mq
zcb
Resultant stress on the precast section top fibre 1.35 1.54
Resultant stress on the precast section bottom fibre 8.27 16.77
------ - - -- -
r
Claculation of the balance losses after 2nd month-
Loss of prestress due to shrinkage of the concrete
Loss of prestress due to shrinkage of the concrete = Rest 50% of the shrinkage loss
BS 5400 I Loss of stress Direct force =
I!J>
Part4
cl6.7.2.4
Table29
Ac
="420000
3.45E+06
= 0.12
tiP x e
Loss of stress due to loss of moment at the top fiber =
zclt
N/mm
2
e = 799 mm
zc!, = 1.97E+09 mm
3
Loss of stress due to loss of moment at the top fiber = ..0.17
Stress at top of precast section = ..0.15
tiP x e
Loss of stress due to loss of moment at the bottom fiber = ----
Z clb
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
Zc!b = 1.19E+09 mm
3
Loss of stress due to loss of moment at the bottom fiber = 0.28
Resultant stresses after live loading
Loss due to creep
Resultant stresses at top fiber= 9.47
Resultant stresses at botttom fiber = 4.28
Resultant stresses at top fiber = 9.20
Resultant stresses at botttom fiber = 3.87
In cabe set one at mid span
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
Loss of pre stress = Rest 50% of the initial loss
N
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
Loss of prestress = 1026763
Loss of direct stress at the top fibre = 0.30
Loss of strees at the top fiber due to moment = -0.42
Loss of strees at the bottom fiber due to moment = 0.69
-- N/mm
2
Output
r---
Output
Resultant stresses
2
2
Resultant stresses after creep loss
Resultant stresses at top fiber after all the losses = 8.49
N/mm
2
-
Resultant stresses at botttom fiber after all the losses = 4.26
N/mm
2
Mid Span
Stress resultants after rest of the losses for the quarter span and beam edge
Resultant streses after placing the screed
Quarter span Beam edge
Resultant stresses at top fiber 1.35 1.54
Resultant stresses at botttom fiber 8.27 16.77
Losses due to diferential shrinkage
Loss of prestress 1300240 1300240' N
I
Loss of direct stress at the top fibre 0.47 0.47
N/mm
2
Loss of strees at the top fiber de to moment 0.65 0.65
N/mm
2
Loss of strees at the bottom fiber de to moment -0.86 -0.86
N/mm
2
Resultant stresses at top fiber 0.23 0.42 N/mm
2
Resultant stresses at botttom fiber 6.93 15.44 N/mm
2
Losses due to shrinkage
Loss of prestress 420000 420000 N
N/mm
2
Loss of strees at the top fiber due to moment -0.17 -0.17
N/mm
2
Loss of strees at the top fiber of the pre cast section due
-0.15 -0.15
to moment
N/mm
2
Loss of strees at the bottom fiber due to moment 0.28 0.28
N/mm
2
Resultant stresses at top fiber after final shrinka_g_e losses -0.04 0.15 N/mm
2
Resultant stresses at botttom fiber after final shrinkage
6.53 15.03.
-
losses N/mm
2

,----
Output
Losses due to creep
Loss of p_!estress 1116654 1121095 N
N/mm
2
Loss of strees at the top fiber due to moment -0.45 -0.46
N/mm
2
Loss of strees at the top fiber of the pre cast section due
to moment
-0.39 -0.39
Loss of strees at the bottom fiber due to moment

0.75 0.75
N/mm
2
Resultant stresses at top fiber -0.04 0.15 N/mm
2
Resultant stresses at botttom fiber 6.53 15.03 N/mm
2
Resultant stresses at top fiber after all the losses 0.74 -0.63 N/mm
2
Resultant stresses at botttom fiber after all the losses 5.46 13.96 N/mm
2
I
Allowable tensile stress at service,
famn
= -2.55 N/mm
2
;
Allowable compressive stress at service, farrax
= 20 N/mm
2
Resultant prestress force after all the losses
Initial prestressing Prestress
Final Percentage
force/(N) Loss/(N)
prestressing prestress
force/(N) Loss/(%)
Mid Span 24,956,816 8,908,745 16,048,072 36
Quarter span 25,537,504 9,088,525 16,448,979 36
Beam edge 26,019,000 9,097,408 16,921,592 35
--
--
.Reference
Description
Output
Check for ultimate limit state
BS 5400-4
-
"'
E
Cl.6.3.3.
.

-...
rJ)
rJ)

-
"
1pu
Ym
___ /!
0.8fpu
Ym
I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
200kNif
2
...
0.005
...
&I &2
Strain
fpu Characteristic strength of pre-stressing tendons
r m Partial safety factor for strength
fpu
= 1770 N/mm
2
:16.3.3.3.1e Ym = 1.15
fpu
= 1539 N/mm
2
Ym
0.8/pu
= 1231 N/mm
2
Ym
E,
= 200,000 N/mm
2
&I
= 1231
200000
= 0.0062
&2
=
0.005 + 1539
200000
= 0.0127
-----
Reference
Mid Span
Description
Prestressing force after all the losses R x P
= 16,048,072 N
Area of steel = 21000
Stress in steel = 764
Corresponding strain in steel = 0.0038
mm
2
N/mm
2
Check the ultimate capacity immediately after laying the screed
Height to the top fiber from the neutral axis, Y pi = 715 mm
Height to the bottom fiber from the neutral axis, = 952 mm
Second Moment of Inertia along x axis, = 1.016E+12 mm
4
Cross sectional Area, = 2.74E+06 mm
2
Eccentricity of cables, e = 652 mm
Stressatthetendonlevel = RxP +RxPxe2 (Mxl +Mg2)xt
Ap IX I
= 6.98
Ec = 34000
Strain in concrete at tendon level = 6.98
34000
= 0.0002
Strian in prestressing steel due to strain in concrete = 0.0002
Nlmm
2
Nlmm
2
X
x - Depth to the neutral axis from the top
fibre
d - Effective depth of tendons
d = Eccentricity + Y pi
= 1367 mm
Assume
X
= 0.6
d
Depth to the neutral axis,x = 820
Output
.
--
Reference
Description
Output
0.0035
820.2
v
/o
547
.
0.00233333
.
Total strain in steel = 0.0064
This strain value is within
c
1
andc
2
i
Therefore linear ineterpolating witin this region in the above graphthe corresponding stress can be
obtained
0.2xfu
(E-E
1
)x( P)
0.8xfpu
Corresponding stress =
Ym
( )
(c
2
-&
1
)
Ym
= 1241 N/mm
2
Force in steel = 26,058,076 N
I
:L6 3.3.3.1b Stress in concrete =
0.4x feu
Sectional area under compression = Section above the neutral axis
= 1,670,000 mm
2
Force in concrete = 33,400,000 N
Ultimate Moment carrying capacity = Force in concrete x ( d- ~
2
d = 1367 mm
X= 820.2 mm
Ultimate Moment carrying capacity = 31960 kNm
.
_, ___
.. Rete renee
Description
Output
Maximum moment when screed is laid = (M gl + M g2) x r fJ x r Ft.
3S 540 0-2 rf3 = 1.1
:15.
1
YFL = 1.15
:1 5.1 < 1
Mgl +Mg2
= 8716965000 Nmm
Maximum moment when screed is laid = 11 027 kNm ok
.
Check the ultimate capacity with full live load present
Cross sectional Area, = 3450000 mm
2
Total Depth, = 1764 mm
Total width of the top flange, = 5200 mm
Height to the top fiber from the neutral axis, = 665 mm
Height to the bottom fiber from the neutral axis, = 1099 mm
Moment of Inertia, = 1.31E+12 mm
4
Ultimate moment= 21997 kNm
Assume
X
= 0.25
-
d
d =1464 mm
Depth to the neutral axis,x = 366 mm
0.0035
366
7
/o
1398
0.0134
Total strain in steel = 0.0174 mm
This strain value is within e
1
ande
2
Output
Therefore linear ineterpolating witin this region in the above graph the corresponding stress can be
obtained
0.2xf u
(&-&J)x( P )
0.8xfpu
Corresponding stress stress =
Ym
(&2-&1)
( )
Ym
0
= 1760 N
Force in steel = 36,967,391 N
Stress in concrete =
0.4xfcu
Sectional area under compression = Section above the neutral axis
= 1,716,000
mm
Force in concrete = 34,320,000 N
I
Ultimate Moment carrying capaCity = Force in concrete x ( d-!.)
2
"
d = 1464 mm
x=366 mm
UHimate Moment carrying capacity = 43964 kNm ok
Oeasign for shear at ultimate limit state
Calculation of shear forces
For a beam of udl w/m and length I, the shear force at a distance x fro the support can be derived as
follows
f t
Rl
Rz
J
X
tsF
-
-- -- -- --- - -- --------- -
r-----"
. Reference
Description
Output
R
1
-wxx-SF = 0
SF=R
1
-wxx
R-R-wxl
I- 2---
2
i
i
I.
I = 29 m
Weigl
c = 65.76 kN/m
wscl
= 17.16 kN/m
wacl
= 4.37 kN/m
whr
= 0.585 kN/m
WJW
= 8.10 kN/m
W.v
= 0.85 kN/m
!
HA UDL on the edge beam = 30.00 kN/m
HA KEL on the edge beam = 120.00 KN
udl due to pedestrian load = 7.5 kN/m
Length along the Beam /(m),X
0 7.25 14.5 25 29
Shear Force due to self wt of the beam,SF1 /(N)
953520 476760 0 -690480 -953520
Shear force due to Screed Concrete,SF2/(N)
248820 124410 0 -180180 -248820
Total shear force due to dead load/(N)
1202340 601170 0 -870660 -1202340
Shear force due to Asphalt Concrete, /(N)
63307 31654 0 -45843 -63307
Shear force due to hand raii/(N)
8483 4241 0 -6143 -8483
Shear force due to footwalki(N)
117450 58725 0 -85050 -117450
Shear force due to kerb/(N)
12325 6163 0 -8925 -12325
Total sher force due to super imposed loas/(N)
189240 94620 0 -137036 -189240
Shear force due to Live loads,HAUDL /(N)
435000 217500 0 -315000 -435000
Shear force due to Live loads,HA KEL /(N)
60000 60000 -60000 -60000 -60000
Shear force due to pedestrian load/I(N)
108750 54375 0 -78750 -108750
Total shear force due to live loads/(N)
603750 331875 -60000 -453750 -603750
Output
Check for Maximum shear stress
BS 5400-4
Section uncracked in flexture
cl.6.3.4.2
The ultimate shear resistance
vco
vco = + fcpJ;)
Eq(28)
J; = 0.24x fJ:
= 1.70 N/mm
2
f. RP RPey
cp = YFLX(-+--)
Act I
RP = 16,048,072 N
i
Ac = 3.45E+06 mm
cl.4.2.3
YFL = 1.15
at centroid y =0
/cp = 5.35 N/mm
2
BS 5400-4
h
= 1764 mm
Cl.6.3.4.5
h
= (350-2/3X60)X2
= 620 mm vco
vco = 2,533,945 N/mm
2
2,533,945
N/mm
2
BS 5400-4 Section cracked in flexture
cl.6.3.4.3 The ultimate shear resistance
Vcr = 0.037bd.fl: +Me, V
Eq(29)
M
Mer = (0.37fl: + /P,)x I I y
RP RPey
fP, = YFL x(-+--)
.
Acl I
:1.4.2.3 YFL = 1.15
RP = 16,048,072 N
Ac = 3.45E+06 mm
2
.
/xcl = 1.31E+12 mm
4
-
-
.Reference
Description
Output
y =
Ycth
= 1099 mm
At mid span e = 652 mm
fpt = 15.45
Nmm
feu =50 N/mm
2
Me: =(0.37.Jf: + fp
1
)x//y
= 2.15E+10 Nmm
Mid Span Quarter Span Beam Edge
YFL
1.15 1.15 1.15
I
RP
16,048,072 16,448,979 16,921,592
I
A 3.45E+06 3.45E+06 3.45E+06
Jxcl
1.31E+12 1.31E+12 1.31E+12
y
1099 1099 1099
e
652 648 542
fpt
15.45 15.77 14.50
Mer
2.15E+10 2.19E+10 2.04E+10
BS 5400-2
Table 1 Load Fcators-Uitimate limit state
3S 5400-4
d 4.2.3.
Type of load Nominal shear force/(N) Ultimate load/(N)
v
YFL
YJ3
Mid Span Quarter Span Beam Edge Mid Span Quarter Span Beam Edge
Dead Load 1.15 1.1 0 601170 1202340 0 760480 1520960
Super lmpos- 1.75 1.1 0 94620 189240 0 182143 364286
Live Loads(H 1.5 1.1 -60000 331875 603750 -99000 547594 996188
Total Ultimate shear force -99,000 1,490,217 2,881,434
:s 5400-4
feu =50 N/mm
2
16 3.4.5
b = 620 mm
d = 749 mm
Allowable shear force for grade 50 concrete
v IIIIX = 23,219,000 N
-
---
-Reference Description
Output
At mid quarter and beam edge the shear force is less than allowable shear force force for grade 50
concrete.
Type of load Nominal Moment/(Nmm) Ultimate Momeni/(Nmm)
M
rFI.
rf3
Mid Span Quarter Span Beam Edge Mid Span Quarter Span Beam Edge
I
Dead Load 1.15 1.1 8.72E+09 6.54E+09
.
0.00 1.10E+10 8.27E+09 O.OOE+OO
Super ImposE 1.75 1.1 2.16E+09 1.62E+09 0.00 4.16E+09 3.12E+09 O.OOE+OO
Live Loads(H 1.5 1.1 4.02E+09 3.02E+09 0.00 6.64E+09 4.98E+09 O.OOE+OO
Total Ultimate Moments 2.18E+10 1.64E+10 O.OOE+OO
Mer= 2.15E+10
At mid span v = -99000 N
At mid span M = 2.18E+10 Nmm
At mid span d = 749 mm
b = 620 mm
.
Vc, = 0.037bdfJ: +Mer V
M-
= 2.19E+05
.
Chianage/(m) 14.5 7.25 0
b
/(mm)
620 620 620
d /(mm)
749 745 639
Mcri(Nmm)
2.15E+10 2.19E+10 2.04E+10
M /(Nmm)
2.18E+10 1.64E+10 O.OOE+OO
v
/(N)
-99000 1490217 2881434
Sin(e)
0 0.005 0.022
Prestressing force/(N) 24,956,816 25,537,504 26,019,000
Vertical component of
0 131,676 572,280
prestressing force
Resultant ultimate
-99,000 1,358,541 2,309,154
shear force
V,, /(N)
219,115 2,114,664 0
-
vco
/(N)
2,533,945 2,533,945 2,533,945
vc is lesser of vcr and
v"
v
c /(N)
219,115 2,114,664 0
If Vis greater than Vc shear reinforcement are needed.
-
--- ------
eference
R'
BS
cl.6
--
400-4
1.4.4
Shear reinforcement
----
Description
Output
Mid span Quarter Span Beam Edge
not needed not needed needed
Asv =
v + 0.4bdt- vc
sv- 0.87 fyvdt
f yv - Characteristic strength of reinforcement
A.v - Total cross sectional area of the leg of the links
s. - link spacing along the length of the beam
1l
A =-
2
xn
sv 4

- diametre of the links
n - number of legs
Assumed diametre of the links = 16 mm
n =4
I
b
= 620 mm.
Asv = 804 mm
2
/yv = 460 N/mm
2
d, = 749 mm
At beam span v = 2881434
vc
=0
Asv X (0.87 fyvdt)
s =
v v + 0.4bdt - vc
s.
= 79 mm 79
mm
Maximim spacing = 0.75d
1
or 4b
0.75d, = 562 mm
4b = 2480 mm
-- ----- ~ ----- ---- ---- -- - -
...----
. Reference
BS 5400-4 'At mid span provide minimum reinforcement
cl.6.3.4.4
BS 5400-4 'Check for Deflection
1990
Description
~ ( 0.8:/,.) 0.4 N I mm'
Sv Asv(0.87Jyv)
s =
v
0.4b
= 1298 mm
>maximum spacing
provide spacing of 400 mm
ci.A21 The deflection of a beam is given by,
2
a= K I 1
I e-
rb
a - Deflection
I e - effective span of the member
K, - coefficient depending on the shape of
the bending moment diagram
1 - curvature at mid span
rb
1 d2
-=____1:'_
rb dx2
From simple bending formula
Therefore
1 M
-=---
r
6
EJ
Ec - Youngs modulus of concete
I - Second moment of area of the section
a=K/2 M
1 -
e E
J
Output
1298
mm
Output
BS 5400-4 Deflection of the beam due to dead load
1990 KI = 0.104
Table 34 I, = 29 m
At mid span
M=Mg
1
= 6913020000 Nmm
Ec = 34000 Nmm
2
I
=
lxp mm
4
= 1.02E+12 mm
4
zM
downward
a=Kl, --
EJ
a
a
= 17.50 mm downward 17.50
mm
Deflection due to prestress
Prestressing force afetr all the losses = 16,048,072 N
Eccentricity = 652 mm
Bending Moment = 1.0463E+1 0 Nmm
K
1
= 0.125
"
I
= 1.02E+12 mm
4
Creep coefficient = 0.000036 perN/mm
2
t/J = creep coefficient X elastic modulus
= 1.224
E elf
E
=
1+
= 15,288 N/mm
2
Deflection due to prestress = 70.82 mm upward
Resultant deflection = 53.31 mm upward
BS8110-3
1997 Allowable deflection for flange or rectangular beams = Span
250
CL3 4.6.3
= 116 mm
Resultant deflection ok
---
-- -- ------ ----
. Reference
Description
Output
Deflection of the beam during service condition
Deflection due to screed
Bending moment due to screed concrete = Mgz
-
= 1803945000 Nmm
Kl = 0.104
I
= 1.02E+12 mm
4
Creep coefficient = 0.000036
per N/mm
2
(;
= creep coefficient X elastic modulus
= 1.224
E efT
E
=
1 +
= 15,288 N/mm
2
2M
a=Kle --
,,
EJ
= 10.16 mm
downwards
Resultant deflection = 43.16
mm
upwards
Deflection due to footwalk,hand rails, wearing surface,kerb and pedestrian load(Super imposed loads)
Bending moment due to footwalk = 851512500
Nmm
Bending moment due to hand rails = 61498125
Nmm
Bending moment due to wearing surface = 458975750
Nmm
Bending moment due to pedestrian load = 788437500
Bending moment due to kerb = 89356250
Nmm
Bending moment due to footwalk,hand rails, wearing surface
and pedestrian load
= 2249780125 Nmm
..----
Output
K
1
= 0.104
I
=
Ixcl mm
4
I
= 1.31E+12 mm
4
2

-= 1.224
Eeff
E
=
1+
= 15,288 N/mm
2
2M
a=Kl-
I e I
c
= 9.83 mm downwards
Resultant deflection = 33.32 mm upwards
Deflection due to HA UDL(SLS)
'
BS 5400-2 Bending moment due to HA udl = 3153750000 Nmm
Table 1 Load factor (HA alone) = 1.2
K, = 0.104
I
=
Ixcl mm
4
= 1.31E+12 mm
4
2

= 1.224
Eeff
E
=
1+
= 15288 N/mm
2
1
2M
a=K,. --
EJ
= 13.78 mm downwards

~
Reference
Description
Output
Resultant deflection = -19.54
mm downwards
Deflection due to HA KEL(SLS)
BS 5400-2
Bending moment due to HA KEL = 870000000
Nmm
Table 1
Load factor (HA alone) = 1.2
K ~ = 0.083
I
=
Jxcl mm
4
j
= 1.31E+12 mm
4
Creep coefficient = 0.000036
perN/mm
2
rjJ
= 1.224
E eff
E
=
1+
= 15288 N/mm
2
2M
a=K
1
/e --
EJ
'
= 3.66 mm downwards
a
Resultant deflection = -15.88
mm
downwards -15.88
mm
B.S8110-3
1997
Allowable deflection for flange or rectangular beams = Span
cl.34.6.3
250
= 116 mm
Resultant deflection = ok
-
r-
~ e f e r e n c e I n-u- - I I
BS 5400-4,Design of End Block
1990
cl.6.7.5
3S 5400-4
1990
able 30
~
Tensile
stress
J;m 1------
0
0.2yo
I
I
0.5y
0
2y
0
Distance from loaded face
Fig: Transverse stress distribution along block centreline
---1 0.125M t-
J;m - Maximum transverse tensile stress
Olt@]
L_t_
2yp0f] f
Design of Spiral
Size of the end block= 175 x 175 mm
Yo - Half the side of end block
Y po - Half the side of loaded area
J>* - Loadinthetendon
Fhst - Bursting tensile force
2y
0
= 175 mm
2ypo = 125 mm
2
Ypo = 0.71
2yo
F;,SI : 0.11
pk
pk = 1m X Jacking end fOrce
Jacking end force = 1300950
Ym = 1.15
N
Pk = 1496092.5 N
2yo
Output
J>k
1496093
N
~ e f e r e n c e
Description
Fhst = 164570
Design strength of reinforcement = 0.87 JY
Characteristic strength of mild steel fY = 250
Allowable strength of mild steel bars 0.87 JY = 218
Area of steel required = F;,s,
0.87xfY
N
N/mm
2
Nlmm
2
= 757 mm2
Using 10 mm diameter bar, number of required= 4.817
turns in the spiral
Say,= 5
Pitch of a spiral = (2Yo- 0.2yo)
number of turns of the spirals
Concrete
Bridge
Design
LA.Ciark
p 146
= 31.5 mm
Reinforcement to resist spalling force
Spalling force = 0.04Pk
= 59844
Area of reinforcement required= 0.04P*
0.87 Ivy
Characteristic strength of Tor steel f yv = 460
N
Area of reinforcement required = 149.5 mm
2
Diameter of the bar = 10
Number of bars required = 1.90
Say,= 2
END BLOCK
Considering the blocks in the bottom flange
h5
h4
Output
Fbst
164570
N
.--
. Reference
BS 5400-4
- 1990
Te.ble 30
Description
Number of plates = 12
Width of the equivalent area of all the plates = 125 mm
Area of one plate = 15625 mm
2
Length of the equivalent plate = 1500 mm
h
1
= 100 mm
Centroid of the equivalent plate from the bottom = 100 mm
In horizontal direction
2
Y po = 1500
2y
0
3200
Fbst
pk
= 0.47
= 0.18
In vertical direction
2
Y po = 125
Selecting maximum from above two cases
2y
0
200
= 0.625
Fbst = 0.23
pk
Fbst = 0.23
pk
Total prestressing force
pk = Y m X Jacking end fOrce
Jacking end force= 15611400 N
Ym = 1.15
Pk = 17953110 N
Total force on the plate Fbst = 4129215
Design strength of reinforcement = 0.87 JY
Characteristic strength of Tor steel
Allowable strength of Tor steel bars
/y = 460
0.87/y = 400
Fbst
Area of steel required = 0.87 x fY
= 10318
N
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
mm
2
mm.
mm
Diameter of the bar = 20
Reuired number of bars with two legs = 16.42
Say,= 17
Legth of the beam reinforcement are provided = 1700
Spacing = 106
say, 100

Output
Output
'
Considering the blocks in the web
Number of plates = 5
Width of the equivalent area of all the plates = 125
mm
Area of one plate = 15625
mm
2
Total area of the equvalent plate = 78125
Length of the equivalent plate = 625
mm
Centroid of the equivalent plate from the bottom = 625
mm
BS 5400-4 In horizontal direction
2Ypo = 125
1990
2yo
350
Table 30 = 0.36
Fbsr = 0.213
pk
In vertical direction
2yp0 = 625
2yo
1670
= 0.37

Fbsr = 0.208
pk
Selecting maximum from above two cases
Fbst = 0.213
pk
Total prestressing force
pk
= y m X Jacking end furce
Jacking end force= 6504750 N
Ym = 1.15
pk = 7480463 N
Total force on the plate
Fbst = 1592270 N
Design strength of reinforcement = 0.87 [y
Characteristic strength of Tor steel
[y = 460 N/mm
2
Allowable strength of Tor steel bars 0.87 fY = 400
N/mm
2
Area of steel required =
Fbst
0.87xfy
= 3979 mm
2
Diameter f the bars = 16
Required number of bars with two legs = 9.89
Say,= 10
.
Leath of the beam reinforcement are orovided ::; 1700
Reference
Description Output
..
Spacing = 189 mm
'
Say, 100 mm
I Concrete
, Bridge
Checking of Interface shear stresses
Design to
5400by
V,S
vh =--
L.A. Clerk
Jbe
pp 108
v 1o Horizontal interface shear stress
109
be width of the interface
v_
" Vertical shear stres at the point considered
S- First moment of area about the neujral axis of the one

side interface
I - Second moment of area the transformed composite
section
__J.e6el'l
5.2001'1
I

0.250JLJ
4.4t01'1

-
.4001'1
NA of composite
secti.m
Neutral axis of the Screed
X
(60x5200x30+0.5x72x5200x84-2x250x400x125-
X
=
2x0.5x40x400x265)
(60x5200+0.5x72x5200+2x250x400+2x0.5x40x400)
= -5.81 mm
Contact width of the beam
be
= 4400 mm
Distance between the neutral axes of slab and = 563 mm
composite beam
.
Reference
.
s 5400-4
1990
.7.423
Description
Area of the slab = 715200 mm
2
First moment of area S = 402793600
Second Moment of area of the composite sectiO!J = 1.31 E+12
Ultimate shear force
Horizontal interface shear stress
Similarly,
vu = 99,000
vus
vh = Ib.
VIF 0.007
mm
3
mm
4
N
N/mm
2
Quarter Span Beam Edge
Contact width of the bearn/(mm) b.
Distance between the neutral axes of slab and
composite beam/(mm)
Area of the slab/(mm
2
)
First moment of area/(mm
3
) S
Second Moment of area of the composite section/(rd
Ultimate shear force[{Nl Vu
vh
Longitudinal Shear
4,400
563
715,200
402793600
1.31E+12
1,490,217
0.104
Longitudinal shear should not exceed the lesser of following
(a) k,fcuLs
(b) v, Ls + 0. 7 A.fy
Where,
4,400
563
715,200
402793600
1.31E+12
2,881,434
0.202
v
1
_ Ultimate longitudinal shear stress (Table 31)
k, _ Constant depending on the concrete bond
A - Area of fully anchored reinorcement crossing shear
e plane
L s _ Length of the shear plane
f Y _ Characteristic strenght of reinforcement
feu _ Characteristic cube strength of concrete
v; _ Longitudinal shear force
Maximum longitudinal shear stress applied = 0.202
Applied shear force = 887
N/mm
2
N/mm
Output

BS 5400-4
1990
Table 31
BS 5400-4
1990
Table 31
Eqn (a)
Description
krf,-uL,.
fcu= 50
Surface type 2 k
1
= 0.09
Ls= 4400
klfcuLf= 19800
N/mm
2
mm
N/mm
Eqn (b) = v
1
Ls + 0.7 Aefy
for Surface type 2
N/mm
2
Assume there are no other reinforcement
VI = 0.5
Ls = 4400
Ae = 0
v
1
Ls + 0.7 Aefy = 2200
N//mm
Therefore, ultimate shear force 2200N/mm is greater than the applied shear force 893 N/mm.
Therefore interface shear reinforcement is not necessary.
5400-41According to the BS 5400 provide 0.15% of contact area of reinforcement acorss the surface.
1990
:;t."7 .4.2.3 0.15 % of surface area = 660 mm
2
/m
Diameter of the bar = 12 mm
No. bars needed = 6 /m
Check for shear at support
Ultimate shear at support occurs due to HB Load????????
Ultimate shear force at the support = 2
1
881,434 N
Prestressing force at the support (force along the cable)= 16
1
921
1
592 N
ngle of the cable at the beam edge to the vertical = 1.05727 rad
= 61 degrees
Vertical component of the Prestressing force at= 8 312 790 N
the support I I
Resultant vertical force at the beam edge = -5,431,356 N
3 5400-4 Shrinkage Reinforcement and Temperature reinforcement
1990 To prevent cracking due to shrinkage and thermal movement,reinforcement should be provided in the
5
direction of any restraint to such movements.
,8.9
As> k,(Ac -0.5Aco,)
. 0 OOfi fnr nmriA 4F\O d"""l
Output
Reference
:; 5400-4
990
5.3.2.3
Design of transverce reinforcement
Consider load combinations
Calculation
Combination1 = Dead loads + Superimposed dead loads
Combination2 = Combination1 + HB load on mid of lanes
Combination3 = Combination1 + HA UDL + HA KEL mid
Combination4 = Combination1 + HA UDL + HA KEL edge
CombinationS = Combination1 + HB load on lane
Maximum transverce ultimate bending moment of top flange at mid of the beam using
grillage analysis
-
Combination
Distance(m)
0 1.2 2.6 4
Combination3 -5.14 16 22.4 18.5
Combination4 -5.44 -48.3 38.11 -82.9
CombinationS -0.08 -17.4 9.25 -15.68
Max bending moment -5.44 -48.3 38.11 -82.9
Ultimate Bending Moment
60
.E
40
E
20
z
::.:::
~ 0
c
CD
~ ~ ~
1
/
2 3 \.
4
E
0
:IE
Distance(m)
m
c
:a
c
-60
Gl
m
-80
-100
Design of top reinforcement of top flange
Ultimate bending moment, Mu = 82.9 KNm/m
Assume,Serviceble bending moment Ms = Mu/1.5
= 55.3 KNm/m
Assume 16 mm diameter Tor steel can be used
h=
Effective depth for cover of 50mm, d =
M
=
b =
feu=
[y =
=
bd2fcu
250
250-50-8
192
1000
50
460
0.045
Single reinforcement is enough
mm
mm
mm
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
< 0.15
5.2
-5.18
-2.98
-0.77
-s.18 I
y
Mu = 0.87J;,AsZ ----(1)
Z
1.1/, As (2)
= (I y )d ---- .
fcubd
Output
6
Reference
'
BS 5400-4
1\990
cl 5.8.4
BS 5400-4
1990
4.3.2.2
fable 3
3S

:15.8.8.2
-
Calculation
from equations (1) and (2)
z2 -dZ + 1.1Mu = 0
0.87 fcub
z
2
- 192 z + 2096 = 0
Z = 180 mm < 0.95d
If Z < 0.95d, therefore Z = Z
Z = 180 mm
M

s 0.87Zfy
= 1151 mm
2
l OOAS = 0.599
bd
Which is greater than the minimum of 0.15% of bd
Therefore
No. of bar required
No. of bar provided
Spacing of bar
Area of reinforcement provided
Checking of crack width for top flange
A =
s
=
=
=
=
=
1151 mm
2
5.7
10
1000
10
100 mm
2011 mm
2
Assume reinforcement provided
T 16 @ 100 mm
Modulus of elasticity of steel,
Modulus of elasticity of concrete,
Stress and strain distribution of section
N/A h II
0 0 I I
Step- 1
where,
E
E =
s
E =
c
200 KN/mm
2
28 KN/mm
2
f.
; = af/J[ + :l/J -1]
E
a =-s = 14.29
Ec
A
A. =-s = 0 0105
'I' bd .
28 2
E =-KN/mm
c 2
x = 80.17 mm
X
Output
----
Reference
..
) 6400-4
990
5.8.4.2
Step- 2
Step- 3
Step- 4
Step- 5
Step- 6
Calculation
Z=d-x
3
= 165.3 mm

= 8.342 N/mm
2
< 0.45fcu
Satisfied
Ms
fs=AZ
s
= 166.2 Nfl!lm
2
< 0.87fy
Satisfied
&I= .fs
Es d-x
= 0.001262
&=Is
s E
s
= 0.000831
[
3.8b,h(a'-dc)][( Mq) _9 ]
&
2
= 1-- xlO
&sAs(h- de) Mg
Moment due to pennanent load,
Moment due to live load,
M=
g
M=
q
48
35
KNm
KNm
Step -7
c5
Step- 8
Design crack width
Secondary reinforcement
2 = 0.0002 > 0
Therefore, &m =&! -&2
= 0.0011
Therefore section is cracked
A coo. _
_U ac,- 68.6
>0
mm
3ac,m
= l+2(acr -Cco%-dJ
= 0.22 mm < 0.25mm
Crack width satisfied
Therefore, provide T 16@ 100 mm
Minimum area of secondary reinforcement = 0.12 %ofbd
For of 460, reinforcement = 0.12x1000x192
100
=
mm
2
/m
Output
T 16
@ 100
..
3S 5400-4
1r.9o
:15.3.2 3
s 5400-4
1990
5.8 4
I
Use 10 mm diameter Tor steel
No. of bar required
=
2.93
No. of bar provided
=
4
Spacing of bar
=
250 mm
=
314 mm
2
/m
Ultimate bending moment, Mu = 38.11 KNm/m
= 25.4 KNm/m
h=
250 mm
Effective depth for cover of 50mm, d= 250-50-6
=
194 mm
b =
1000 mm
feu=
50 N/mm
2
!y =
460 N/mm
2
M
0.020 < 0.15 ---
hd
2
fcu
Mu = 0.87 /yA.Z
----(1)
Z
1.1 +A
= {1- Jy s)d
fcubd
----(2)
zz -dZ + 1.1Mu =0
0.87 fcub
Z
2
-I94Z + 964 = o
Z = 189 mm > 0.95d
If Z > 0.95d, therefore Z = 0.95d
Z = 184 mm
M
A=--
0.87Zfy
= 517 mm
2
IOOAS = 0.266
bd
Therefore A =
s
517 mm
2
No. of bar required
=
4.6
No. of bar provided
=
8
Spacing of bar
=
1000
8
. ~ ? t ........
T 10
@ 250
Reference
as 5400-4
1990
cl
.....
Calculation
=
905 mm
2
Assume reinforcement provided T 12 @ 125 mm
&m =&1-&2
= 0.0008 > 0
3acr&m
Design crack width
=
l+2(acr -cco%-dJ
= 0.17 mm <0.25mm
Therefore, provide T 12 @ 125 mm
Crack width is calculated using above precedure in the top of top flange
reinforcement
Minimum area of secondary reinforcement
=
0.12 %ofbd
For grade of 460, reinforcement
=
0.12x1000x194
100
=
233 mm
2
/m
No. of bar required
=
2.96
No. of bar provided
=
4
Spacing of bar
=
250 mm
=
314 mm
2
/m
Maximum transverce ultimate bending moment of bottom flange upto 1. ?Om from edge of the
beam using grillage analvsis
Combination
Distance(m)
0 1.6 3.2
Combination3 -112.87 36.48 -112.45
Combination4 -116.4 38.34 -119.31
CombinationS -108.99 36.23 -106.67
Max bending moment -116.4 38.34 -119.31
,.. ,... " ""
...... '-. l)
Output
T 12
@ 125
T 10
@ 250
r
I
--
Reference
) 5400-4
}90
5.3.2.3
5400-4
~ 0
.8_4
- ~
Calculation
Output
60
'E
40
...
20
/
~
"E
z
0
~
-
-20 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
c:
Gl
E -40
0
Distance(m)
::E
-60
Cl
c:
-80
'i5
c:
-100
Gl
- Ol
-120 j
-140
Design of toQ reinforcement of bottom flange
Ultimate bending moment,
Mu = 119.31 KNm/m
Assume,Serviceble bending moment
Ms = Mu/1.5
= 79.5 KNm/m
h= 250 mm
Effective depth for cover of 50mm,
d= 250-50-8
= 192 mm
b = 1000 mm
feu=
50 N/mm
2
fy =
460 N/mm
2
'
M
0.065 < 0.15 =
bd
2
fcu
Mu = 0.87 f;,A.Z ----(1)
z I. I}; A, (2)
= (1- y )d ----
fcubd
Z
2
-dz +
I.IMu
=0
0.87fcub
z
2
- 192 z + 3017
= 0
z = 175 mm <0.95d
If Z < 0.95d, therefore Z=Z
z = 175 mm
A= M
s 0.87Z/"y
= 1704 mm
2
lOOA.
= 0.887
bd
Wbich is greater than the minimum of 0.15% of bd
.
A
Therefore
A,= 1704
No. of bar required = 8.5
No. of bar provided = 13.33
Spacing of bar = 1000
13.33
= 75 mm
Area of reinforcement provided = 2681 mm
2
Assume reinforcement provided T 16 @ 75 mm
&m =&1-&2
= 0.0013 > 0
Design crack width
3acr&m
= 1+2(acr-Cco%-dJ
= 0.24 mm < 0.25mm
Crack width is calculated using above precedure in top of top flange
BS 5400-4 Minimum area of secondary reinforcement
=
0.12 % ofbd
1990
cl5.8.4.2 For grade of 460, reinforcement
=
0 .12x1 000x192
100
=
230 mm
2
/m
No. of bar required
=
2.93
No. of bar provided
=
4
Spacing of bar
=
250 mm
=
314 mm
2
/m
:;ign of bottom reinforcement of bottom flange ugto 1.70m from edge
Ultimate bending moment, Mu
=
38.34 KNm/m
Assume,Serviceble bending moment Ms
=
Mu/1.5
=
25.6 KNm/m
h = 250 mm
Effective depth for cover of 50mm, d = 250-50-6
=
IT
@
I
16
75
10
250
Reference
BS 5400-4
1990
cl 5.3.2.3
BS 5400-4
1990
cl5.8.4
-- I
from equations (1} and {2)
Calculation
b = 1000 mm
fc..u =
50 N/mm
2
fy =
460 N/mm
2
M
0.020 < 0.15 ---
bd2fc.u
Mu = 0.87 f;,A.Z ----(1)
Z
1.1/, A. (
2
)
= (I - Y )d - - - -
fcubd
z2 -dZ + l.lMu =0
0.87/cub
z
2
- 194 z + 970 = 0
Z = 189 mm > 0.95d
Z = 184 mm
M
A=--
s 0.87Zf;,
= 520 mm
2
1 OOA. = 0.268
bd
Therefore
No. of bar required
No. of bar provided
Spacing of bar
A =
s
520 mm
2
=
4.6
=
8
=
1000
8
=
125 mm
=
905 mm
2
T 12 @ 125 mm
&m =&, -&2
= 0.0008 > 0
Design crack width
3acr&m
= 1+2(acr -Cco%-dJ
= 0.17 mm < 0.25mm
Output
,.
.
Reference I Calculation l I Output
BS 5400-4
1990
cl 5.8.4.2
Seconda!Y reinforcement
=
0.12 % ofbd
=
0.12x1000x194
100
=
233 mm
2
/m
No. of bar required
=
2.96
No. of bar provided
=
4
Spacing of bar
=
250 mm
=
314 mm
2
/m
Maximum transverce ultimate bending moment of bottom flange of interior slab of the
beam using grillage analysis
.
E
z
X::
;:::
c
Cl)
E
0
:::E
CJ
c
:s
c
Cl)
a:a
-1
-2
-3
Combination
I
Distance(m)
0 1.6 3.2
Combination3 1.33 -2.01 0.25
Combination4 1.23 -2.11 2.12
CombinationS 2.57 -2.02 0.61
Max bending moment 2.57 -2.11 2.12
Design of top and bottom reinforcement of bottom flange
I
3
Ultimate bending moment, Mu = 2.57 KNrnlm
= 1.7 KNm/m
Assume 12 mm d ~ m e t e r Tor steel can be used
h = 200 mm
Effective depth for cover of 50mm. . d = . 200-50-6
3.5
T 12
@ 125
T 10
@ 250
Reterence
Ca\cu\at\on
BS 5400-4
1990
cl5.3.2.3
IS 5400-4
1990
15.84
= 144 mm
b = 1000 mm
f..u = 50 N/mm
2
~ =
460 N/mm
2
M
0.002
< 0.15
---
bd
2
fcu
Mu = 0.87 A s Z ----(1)
Z
1.11, A
=(1- ~ s d
fcubd
----(2)
z2 -dZ+ l.IMu =0
0.87 fcub
Z
2
-144Z +65 = o
Z = 142 mm > 0.95d
Z = 137 mm
M
As = 0.87ZJ;,
=
47
IOOAS =
0.033
bd
mm
2
Which is not greater than the minimum of 0.15% of bd
Therefore
No. of bar required
No. of bar provided
Spacing of bar
Checking of crack width for top flanae
A =
s
216 mm
2
= 1.9
=
8
= 1000
8
= 125 mm
= 905 mm
2
T 12 @ 125 mm
Em =El -Ez
= -0.0029 < 0
Therefore section is uncracked
S00-4 I Minimum area of secondarv reinforcement
=
0 1? OL. nf brl
Output
T 12
@ 125
.-Reference I Calculation I Output I
1990
cl 5.8.4.2 For grade of 460, reinforcement
No. of bar required
No. of bar provided
Spacing of bar
= 0.12x1000x192
100
= 173 mm
2
/m
=
2.20
=
4
=
250 mm
=
314 mm
2
/m
Maximum transverce ultimate bending moment of web upto 3.00m from edge of the beam using
grillage analysis
Combination
Distance(m)
0 0.68 1.32
Combination3 23.57 -103.36 -117.61
Combination4 11.2 -112 -120.89
CombinationS 26.86 -98.12 -113.1
Max bending moment 26.86 -112 -120.89
40
:
2 0 ~
E
2 ~
z
"b.Z
0.4 0.6 0.8 1
~
c
-40 I
CD
""'-
E Distance(m)
0
-60
::E
IJ)
-80
c
:c
-100
c
CD
m
-120
-140
Design of reinforcement of web
=
=
=
h=
Effective depth for cover of 50mm, d =
M
=
b =
feu=
fy =
=
bd
2
fcu
120.9
Mu/1.5
80.6
350
350-50-8
292
1000
50
460
0.028
.
SinniA rAinfnrr<>mi:>nt ic: onnoonh
KNrn/m
KNrn/m
mm
mm
mm
N/mm
2
N/mm
2
< 0.15
1.2 1.4
T 10
@ 250
.---Reference
BS 5400-4
1990
cl 5.3.2.3
BS 5400-4
1990
cl 5.8.4
s 5400-4
990
5.8.4.2
from equations (1) and (2}
Calculation
Mu = 0.87 fyAsZ
Z
I . l ~ A
= (1- Jy s )d
z2 -dZ + 1.1Mu = 0
0.87 f:-ub
Z
2
-292Z +3057 = o
fcubd
----(1)
----(2)
Z = 281 mm > 0.95d
Z = 277 mm
M
As= 0.87Zfy
= 1089 mm
2
IOOAS = 0.373
bd
Therefore
No. of bar required
No. of bar provided
Spacing of bar
Checking of crack width for web
A = 1089 mm
2
s
= 5.4
= 8
= 1000
8
=
125 mm
=
1609 mm
2
T 16 @ 125 mm
8
m =&1-&2
= 0.0010 >0
Design crack width
=
=
3ac,em
1 + 2(acr -ccom)/
/(h-dc)
0.22 mm < 0.25mm
Minimum area of secondary reinforcement = 0.12 % ofbd
For grade of 460. reinforcement
= n 1?Y1nnnv?Q?
Output
T 16
@ 125
I Reference
No. of bar required
No. of bar provided
Spacing of bar
Calculation
100
= 350 mm
2
/m
=
=
=
=
4.46
5
200 mm
393 mm
2
/m
Maximum transverce ultimate bending moment of interior web of the beam using
grillage analysis
--
Distance(m)
Combination
0 0.68 1.32
Combination3 -9 2.12 -1.65
Combination4 -4.1 2.14 -0.1
CombinationS 2.8 2.2 3.1
Max bending moment -9 2.2 3.1
4
.E
2
E
z

0
-
r:::
Gl
-2

0.6 0.8 1.2 0.2 0
E
0
::!!:
-4
Distance(m)
Cl
r:::
-6
'6
r:::
Gl
-8
Ill
-10
Design of reinforcement of web
=
9 KNm/m
=
Mu/1.5
=
6.0 KNm/m
h= 350 mm
Effective depth for cover of 50mm, d= 350-50-6
=
294 mm
b =
1000 mm
feu=
50 N/mm
2
fy =
460 N/mm
2
M
0.002 < 0.15
=
bd
2
fcu

1.4
.
Output
T 10
@ 200
Reference
BS 5400-4
11990
cl 5 3.2.3
3S 5400-4
1990
:15.84
) 5400-4
~ 3
5.8.4.2
--
I
I
Calculation
Mu = 0.87 fYA.,Z
Z
I. If. A
= (I y ' )d
z2-dZ+ I.lMu =0
0.87 f."Ub
Z
2
- 294Z + 228 = o
f:.ubd
----(1)
----(2)
Z = 293 mm > 0.95d
Z = 279 mm
M
As = 0.87 Zf;,
= 81 mm
100As =
bd
0.027
Which is not greater than the minimum of 0.15% of bd
2
Therefore,
A =
441 mm
2
No. of bar required
No. of bar provided
Spacing of bar
s
=
3.9
=
6.67
=
1000
6.67
=
150 mm
=
755 mm
2
T 12 @ 150 mm
8
m =&I -&2
= -0.0030 < 0
Therefore section is uncracked
Seconda!Y reinforcement
=
0.12 %ofbd
=
0.12x1 000x294
100
= 353 mm
2
/m
No. of bar required = 4.49
.
Output
Reference
Calculation Output
No. of bar provided
=
5
Spacing of bar
=
200 mm
=
393 mm
2
/m
Therefore, provide T 1 0 @ 200 mm T 10
@ 200
-
.
I
,,
-----
x o g J O l f l d l f l O
Z X I G N 3 d d V
.,.._, I

,frlent forces -frames
'Station Outputcase case Type Step Type V2 T M2 M3
m Text Text Text KN KN-m KN-m KN-m
0.00 3 COMBl Combination -1191.699 -8.027E-14 2.224E-07 4026.564
1.00 1 COMBl Combination -1092.564 -8.027E-14 1.885E-07 5166.412.
1.5 COMBl Combination -1042.997 -8.027E-14 1.716E-07 5699.H
1.999 COMBl Combination -993.43 -8.027E-14 1.547E-07 6207.3231
2.498 COMBl Combination -943.863 -8.027E-14 1.378E-07 6690.678:
2.997 COMB1 Combination -894.296 -8.027E-14 1.209E-07 7149.298:
2.997 COMB! Combination -894.296 -8.027E-14 1.209E-07 7149.298:
3 COMB! Combination -893.998 -8.027E-14 1.208E-07 7151.981:
0 COMB2 Combination Max -1175.509 220.606 2.225E-07 5561.953:
0.003 COMB2 Combination Max -1175.178 220.5727 2.224E-07
1.001 COMB2 Combination Max -1067.56 209.0334 1.885E-07 7104.982:1
2.498 COMB2 Combination Max -906.134 191.7246 1.378E-07 9226.551
3 COMB2 Combination Max -852.01 185.9188 1.208E-07 9887.909
0 COMB2 Combination Min -1664.485 -220.606 2.225E-07 4022.9894
0.003 COMB2 Combination Min -1664.106 -220.5727 2.224E-07 4026.5649
2.997 COMB2 Combination Min -1278.38 -185.9549 1.209E-07 7149.2987,
-
-
2-:997 COMB3 Combination Max -792.356 518.4788 1.209E-07 11755.7143
t-
1.001 COMB3 Combination Min -1940.524 -572.3703 1.88SE-07 5166.4123
r-
---
0 COMB1 Combination -893.998 -8.027E-14 1.208E-07 7151.9811
0.003 COMB1 Combination -893.7 -8.027E-14 1.207E-07 7154.6627
'"'")
I ent Forces :frames
Station OutputCase case Type Step Type V2 T M2 M3
2.498 COMB1 Combination 844.132 -8.027E-14 -4.721E-07 7588.251
2.997 COMB1 Combination 893.7 -8.027E-14 -0.000000489 7154.662
2.997 COMB1 Combination 893.7 -8.027E-14 -0.000000489 7154.662
3 COMB1 Combination 893.998 -8.027E-14 -4.891E-07 7151.981
0 COMB2 Combination Max 900.486 159.5566 -3.875E-07 12977.867
0.003 COMB2 Combination Max 900.871 159.5844 -3.876E-07 12975.5021
0.502 COMB2 Combination Max 963.662 163.9693 -4.045E-07
1.001 COMB2 Combination Max 1026.453 168.3542 -4.214E-07
1.5 COMB2 Combination Max 1089.244 172.7391 -4.383E-07 11544.898:
1.999 COMB2 Combination Max 1152.034 177.1241 -4.552E-07 11018.562:
2.997 COMB2 Combination Max 1277.616 185.8939 -0.000000489
2.997 COMB2 Combination Max 1277.616 185.8939 -0.000000489
3 COMB2 Combination Max 1277.986 185.9188 -4.891E-07
0 COMB2 Combination Min 519.51 -159.5566 -3.875E-07
r--
0.003 COMB2 Combination Min 519.835 -159.5844 -3.876E-07
0.003 COMB2 Combination Min 519.835 -159.5844 -3.876E-07 9385.186S
0.502 COMB2 Combination Min 575.141 -163.9693 -4.045E-07 9075.2679
2.997 COMB2 Combination Min 851.67 -185.8939 -0.000000489 7154.6627
3 COMB2 Combination Min 852.01 -185.9188 -4.891E-07 7151.9811
0.003 COMB3 Combination Max 1244.416 437.4796 -3.876E..()7 15324.1064
1.001 COMB3 Combination Max 1383.471 464.4254 -4.214E..()7 14236.4225
I-
2.997 COMB3 Combination Max 1661.58 518.3168 -0.000000489 11764.2463
2,997 COMB3 Combination Max 1661.58 518.3168 -0.000000489 11764.2463
3 COMB3 Combination Max 1661.878 518.3168 -4.891E..()7 11759.8011
-
1.5 COMB3 Combination Min 607.Q13 -477.8982 -4.383E-07 8381.2279
2.997 COMB3 Combination Min 791.64 -518.3168 ..().000000489 7154.6627
3 COMB3 Combination Min 792.058 -518.3168 -4.891E..()7 7151.9811
0 COMB1 Combination 893.998 -8.027E-14 -4.891E..()7 7151.9811
0.003 COMB1 Combination 894.296 -8.027E-14 -4.892E..()7 7149.2987
0.003 COMB1 Combination 894.296 -8.027E-14 -4.892E..()7 7149.2987
0.502 COMBl Combination 943.863 -8.027E-14 -5.061E..()7 6690.6781
1.5 COMBl Combination 1042.997 -8.027E-14 -0.00000054 5699.235
2.498 COMBl Combination 1142.132 -8.027E-14 -5.738E-OJ 4608.8556
-
~ -
r ~ , - -
me ___ - ----- ,_ -,-----,-- ... , 1t Forces -F1
Station Output Case Case Type Step Type V2 T M2 M3
2.99 7 COMB! Combination 1191.699 -8.027E-14 -5.907E-07 4026.5649
2.99 7 COMB! Combination 1191.699 -8.027E-14 -5.907E-07 4026.5649
3 COMB! Combination 1191.997 -8.027E-14 -5.908E-07 4022.9894
2.498 COMB2 Combination Max 1599.818 214.803 -5.738E-Q7 6348.3245
2.997 COMB2 Combination Max 1664.106 220.5727 -5.907E-D7 5566.9328
3 COMB2 Combination Max 1664.485 220.606 -5.908E-Q7 5561.9533
2.997 COMB2 Combination Min 1175.178 -220.5727 -5.907E-D7 4026.5649
0 COMB3 Combination Max 1661.878 518.3168 --4.891E-07 11759.8011
'
3 COMB3 Combination Min 1150.057 -599.316 -5.908E-D7 4022.9894
0 COMB1 Combination 1191.997 -8.027E-14 -5.908E-07 4022.9894
1.001 COMB1 Combination 1291.429 -8.027E-14 -6.247E-D7 2780.0346
1.5 COMB! Combination 1340.996 -8.027E-14 -6.416E-07 2123.2444
2.498 COMB1 Combination 1440.131 -8-027E-14 -6.754E-07 735.4619
2.997 O M B 1 Combination 1489.698 -8.027E-14 -6.923E-07 4.4695
-----
~ ~ ; ) J q n o a ; } t p J O J l l d J n o J ; ) J n d w o ; )
X I G N H d d V
8ridge0bj Distance OutputCase Case Type Step Type V2 T M3
Text m Text Text Text KN KN-m KN-m
BOBJl 12 COMB3 Combination Min -832.284 -356.3189 10958.532:
BOBJl 12 COMB3 Combination Max -832.284 -356.3189 10958.532J
BOBJl 12 COMB3 Combination Min -16.524 356.3189 17618.172J
BOBJl 15 COMB3 Combination Max 407.88 299.7 18075.137f
BOBJl 15 COMB3 Combination Min -407.88 -299.7 11415.137
BOBJl 15 COMB3 Combination Max -407.88 -299.7 11415.137
BOBJl 15 COMB3 Combination Min 407.88 299.7 18075.137:
BOBJl 18 COMB3 Combination Max 832.284 356.3189 17618.1721
BOBJl
18 COMB3 Combination Min 16.524 -356.3189 10958.5321
BOBJl 18 COMB3 Combination Max 16.524 -356.3189 10958.5321
BOBJl 18 COMB3 Combination Min 832.284 356.3189 17618.1721
80811 21 COM83 Combination Max 1256.687
437.3188
15528.5356
80811 21 COMB3
Combination
Min
434.897
-437.3188
9588.7156
BOBJl
21 COMB3
Combination
Max
434.897
-437.3188
9588.7156
BOBJl
21 COMB3
Combination
Min
1256.687
437.3188
15528.5356
808J1
24 COMB3
Combination
Max
1681.091
518.3188
11913.5081
BOBJ1
24 COMB3
Combination Min
811.271
-518.3188
7305.6881
BOBJl
24 COMB3
Combination
Max
811.271
-518.3188
7305.6881
BOBJl 24 COMB3
Combination
Min
1681.091
518.3188
11913.5081
BOBJl
27 COMB3
Combination
Max
2105.495
599.3187
6773.0895
BOBJ1 27 COMB3
Combination Min
1175.675
-599.3187
4109.4495
BOBJ1 27 COMB3
Combination
Max
1175.675
-599.3187
4109.4495
IBOBJl 27 COMB3
Combination Min
2105.495
599.3187
6773.0895
IBOBJ1 30 COMB3
Combination
Max
2529.999
680.3996
0
BOBJl
30 COMB3
Combination
Min
1522.018
-680.3996
0
- .....__
;-,; _;;_-,
?f.-
'-:: '.I>' ~ .
' ~ ; }:)- '
OUT PUT DATA FOR DOUBLET BEAM
COMB! Moment about Horizontal axis
Distance
p
V2 V3 T M2 M3
m KN KN KN KN-m KN-m KN-m
0 -2.95E-07 -1522.018 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 6.39E-08 -1.33E-06
3 -2.95E-07 -1217.615 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 4.34E-08 4109.4495
3 -2.95E-07 -1217.615 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 4.34E-08 4109.4495
6 -2.95E-07 -913.211 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 2.29E-08 7305.6881
6 -2.95E-07 -913.211 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 2.29E-08 7305.6881
9 -2.95E-07 -608.807 6.84E-09 1.75E,14 2.37E-09 9588.7156
9 -2.95E-07 -608.807 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 2.37E-09 9588.7156
12 -2.95E-07 -304.404 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -1.82E-08 10958.5321
12 -2.95E-07 -304.404 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -1.82E-08 10958.5321
15 -2.95E-07 -3.02E-08 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -3.87E-08 11415.1376
15 -2.95E-07 -3.01E-08 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -3.87E-08 11415.1376
18 -2.95E-07 304.404 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -5.92E-08 10958.5321
18 -2.95E-07 304.404 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -5.92E-08 10958.5321
21 -2.95E-07 608.807 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -7.97E-08 9588.7156
21 -2.95E-07 608.807 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -7.97E-08 9588.7156
24 -2.95E-07 913.211 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -l.OOE-07 7305.6881
24 -2.95E-07 913.211 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -l.OOE-07 7305.6881
27 -2.95E-07 1217.615 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -1.21E-07 4109.4495
27 -2.95E-07 1217.615 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -1.21E-07 4109.4495
30 -2.95E-07 1522.018 6.84E-09 1.75E-14 -1.41E-07 -4.23E-07
COMB3
Distance Item Type
p
V2 V3 T M2 M3
0 Max -2.95-07 -1522.018 1.54-04 680.3996 -0.0046 -1.33-0(
0 Min -4.56-07 -2530.018 -1.54-04 -680.3996 0.0046 -2.06-0(
3 Max -2.95E-07 -1175.675 1.54-04 599.3187 -0.0042 6773.0895
3 Min -4.56-07 -2105.495 -1.54-04 -599.3187 0.0042 4109.4495
3 Max -2.95E-07 -1175.675 1.54-04 599.3187 -0.0042 6773.0895
3 Min -4.56E-07 -2105.495 -1.54E-Q4 -599.3187 0.0042 4109.4495
6 Max -2.95E-Q7 -811.271 1.54-04 518.3188 -0.0037 11913.508
6 Min -4.56-07 -1681.091 -1.54-04 -518.3188 0.0037 7305.6881
6 Max -2.95-07 -811.271 1.54-04 518.3188 -0.0037 11913.508
6 Min -4.56-07 -1681.091 -1.54-04 -518.3188 0.0037 7305.6881
9 Max -2.95E-07 -434.897 1.54-04 437.3188 -0.0032 15528.536
9 Min -4.56E-07 -1256.687 -1.54-04 -437.3188 0.0032 9588.7156
9 Max -2.95E-07 -434.897 1.54-04 437.3188 -0.0032 15528.536
9 Min -4.56E-07 -1256.687 -1.54E-04 -437.3188 0.0032 9588.7156
12 Max -2.95E-07 -16.524 1.54E-Q4 356.3189 -0.0028 17618.172
12 Min -4.56E-07 -832.284 -1.54E-Q4 -356.3189 0.0028 10958.532
12 Max -2.95E-07 -16.524 1.54E-Q4 356.3189 -0.0028 17618.172
12 Min -4.56E-Q7 -832.284 -1.54E-D4 -356.3189 0.0028 10958.532
15 Max -2.95E-07 407.88 1.54-04 299.7 -0.0023 18075.138
1
15 Min -4.56E-07 -407.88 -1.54-04 -299.7 0.0023 11415.138
15 Max -2.95E-07 407.88 1.54-04 299.7 -0.0023 18075.138
15 Min -4.56E-07 -407.88 -1.54-04 -299.7 0.0023 11415.138
18 Max -2.95-07 832.284 1.54-04 356.3189 -0.0018 17618.172
18 Min -4.56-07 16.524 -1.54E-04 -356.3189 0.0018 10958.532
18 Max -2.95-07 832.284 1.54-04 356.3189 -o.0018 17618.172
18 Min -4.56E-07 16.524 -1.54E-Q4 -356.3189 0.0018 10958.532
21 Max -2.95E-07 1256.687 1.54-04 437.3188 -0.0014 15528.536
21 Min -4.56E-07 434.897 -1.54-04 -437.3188 0.0014 9588.7156
21 Max -2.95-07 1256.687 1.54-04 437.3188 -0.0014 15528.536
21 Min -4.56-07 434.897 -1.54E-04 -437.3188 0.0014 9588.7156
24 Max -2.95-07 1681.091 1.54-04 518.3188 -9.24-04 11913.508
24 Min -4.56E-07 811.271 -1.54E-04 -518.3188 9.24-04 7305.6881
--
24 Max -2.95E-07 1681.091 1.54E-04 518.3188 -9.24E-Q4 11913.508
24 Min -4.56-07 811.271 -1.54E-04 -518.3188 9.24E-04 7305.6881
27 Max -2.95-07 2105.495 1.54-04 599.3187 -4.62-04 6773.0895
27 Min -4.56-07 1175.675 -1.54-04 -599.3187 4.62-04 4109.4495
27 Max -2.95E-07 2105.495 1.54-04 599.3187 -4.62-04 6773.0895
27 Min -4.56E-07 1175.675 -1.54E-04 -599.3187 4.62E-04 4109.4495
30 Max -2.95E-07 2529.999 1.54-04 680.3996 -2.18E-Q7 -4.23-07
30 Min -4.56E-07 1522.018 -1.54-04 -680.3996 -1.41-07 -6.54-07
"---
COMB2
Distance Item Type
p
V2 V3 T M2 M3
0 Max -2.95E-07 -1522.018 5.41-05 263.6248 -0.0016 -1.33-01
0 Min -3.99E-07 -2092.018 -5.41-05 -263.6248 0.0016 -1.80-01
3 Max -2.95E-07 -1201.127 5.41-05 220.6068 -0.0015 5648.413L
3 Min -3.99E-07 -1690.103 -5.41-05 -220.6068 0.0015
3 Max -2.95E-07 -1201.127 5.41-05 220.6068 -0.0015
3 Min -3.99-07 -1690.103 -5.41-05 -220.6068 0.0015
6 Max -2.95-07 -871.223 5.41-05 185.9194 -0.0013 10041.61
6 Min -3.99E-07 -1297.199 -5.41-05 -185.9194 0.0013 7305.6881
6 Max -2.95-07 -871.223 5.41E-Q5 185.9194 -0.0013 10041.616
6 Min -3.99-07 -1297.199 -5.41-05 -185.9194 0.0013 7305.6881
9 Max -2.95-07 -532.319 5.41-05 159.5569 -0.0011 13179.608
9 Min -3.99-07 -913.295 -5.41-05 -159.5569 0.0011 9588.7156
9 Max -2.95-07 -532.319 5.41-05 159.5569 -0.0011 13179.608
9 Min -3.99-07 -913.295 -5.41-05 -159.5569 0.0011 9588.7156
12 Max -2.95E-Q7 -184.416 5.41E-Q5 141.5194 -9.74-04 15062.388
12 Min -3.99E-Q7 -538.392 -5.41-05 -141.5194 9.74-04 10958.532
12 Max -2.95-07 -184.416 5.41-05 141.5194 -9.74-04 15062.388
12 Min -3.99-07 -538.392 -5.41-05 -141.5194 9.74E-04 10958.532
15 Max -2.95-07 172.488 5.41E-Q5 131.8069 -8.12E-04 15689.958
15 Min -3.99-07 -172.488 -5.41-05 -131.8069 8.11-04 11415.138
15 Max -2.95-07 172.488 5.41E-05 131.8069 -8.12-04 15689.958
1
15 Min -3.99-07 -172.488 -5.41-05 -131.8069 8.11-04 11415.138
18 Max -2.95-07 538.392 5.41-05 141.5194 -6.49-04 15062.388
18 Min -3.99E-Q7 184.416 -5.41E-05 -141.5194 6:49E-04 10958.532
18 Max -2.95E-07 538.392 5.41E-05 141.5194 -6.49E-04 15062.388
18 Min -3.99E-07 184.416 -5.41E-05 -141.5194 6.49E-04 10958.532
21 Max -2.95E-07 913.295 5.41-05 159.5569 -4.87E-04 13179.608
21 Min -3.99E-07 532.319 -5.41E-05 -159.5569 4.87E-04 9588.7156
21 Max -2.95E-Q7 913.295 5.41E-05 159.5569 -4.87E-04 13179.608
21 Min -3.99-07 532.319 -5.41E-05 -159.5569 4.87E-04 9588.7156
24 Max -2.95E-07 1297.199 5.41E-05 185.9194 -3.25E-04 10041.616
24 Min -3.99E-07 871.223 -5.41E-Q5 -185.9194 3.25E-04 7305.6881
24 Max -2.95E-07 1297.199 5.41-05 185.9194 -3.25E-04 10041.616
24 Min -3.99E-07 871.223 -5.41E-Q5 -185.9194 3.25E-04 7305.6881
27 Max -2.95E-07 1690.103 5.41E-05 220.6068 -1.62E-04 5648.4134
27 Min -3.99E-07 1201.127 -5.41E-05 -220.6068 1.62E-Q4 4109.4495
27 Max -2.95E-07 1690.103 5.41E-05 220.6068 -1.62E-04 5648.4134
27 Min -3.99E-07 1201.127 -5.41E-05 -220.6068 1.62E-04 4109.4495
30 Max -2.95E-07 2091.973 5.41E-05 263.6248 -1.91E-07 -4.23E-Q7
30 Min -3.99E-07 1522.018 -5.41E-05 -263.6248 -1.41E-07 -5.71E-07
P X I C I N H d d V
....
Distance Item Type V2
m KN
0 Max -1490
0 Min -2060
3 Max -1176
3 Min -1664
3 Max -1176
3 Min -1664
6 Max -852
6 Min -1278
6 Max -852
6 Min -1278
9 Max -520
9 Min -900
9 Max -520
9 Min -900
12 Max -178
12 Min -532
12 Max -178
12 Min -532
15 Max 172
15 Min -172
15 Max 172
15 Min -172
18 Max 532
18 Min 178
18 Max 532
18 Min 178
21 Max 900
21 Min 520
21 Max 900
21 Min 520
24 Max 1278
24 Min 852
24 Max 1278
24 Min 852
27 Max 1664
27 Min 1176
27 Max 1664
27 Min 1176
30 Max 2060
30 Min 1490
Shear Force ,Bending Moment Torsion
BOX DOUBLET
COM2 COM3 COM2
T M3 V2 T M3 V2 T M3 V2
KN-m KN-m KN KN-m KN-m KN KN-m KN-m KN
264 0 -1490 680 0 -1522 264 0 -1522
-264 0 -2498 -680 0 -2092 -264 0 -2530
221 5562 -1150 599 6687 -1201 221 5648 -1176
-221 4023 -2080 -599 4023 -1690 -221 4109 -2105
221 5562 -1150 599 6687 -1201 221 5648 -1176
-221 4023 -2080 -599 4023 -1690 -221 4109 -2105
186 9888 -792 518 11760 -871 186 10042 -811
-186 7152 -1662 -518 7152 -1297 -186 7306 -1681
186 9888 -792 518 11760 -871 186 10042 -811
-186 7152 -1662 -518 7152 -1297 -186 7306 -1681
160 12978 -422 437 15327 -532 160 13180 -435
-160 9387 -1244 -437 9387 -913 -160 9589 -1257
160 12978 -422 437 15327 -532 160 13180 -435
-160 9387 -1244 -437 9387 -913 -160 9589 -1257
142 14832 -10 356 17388 -184 142 15062 -17
-142 10728 -826 -356 10728 -538 -142 10959 -832
142 14832 -10 356 17388 -184 142 15062 -17
-142 10728 -826 -356 10728 -538 -142 10959 -832
132 15450 408 300 17835 172 132 15690 408
-132 11175 -408 -300 .11175 -172 -132 11415 -408
132 15450 408 300 17835 172 132 15690 408
-132 11175 -408 -300 11175 -172 -132 11415 -408
142 14832 826 356 17388 538 142 15062 832
-142 10728 10 -356 10728 184 -142 10959 17
142 14832 826 356 17388 538 142 15062 832
-142 10728 10 -356 10728 184 -142 10959 17
160 12978 1244 437 15327 913 160 13180 1257
-160 9387 422 -437 9387 532 -160 9589 435
160 12978 1244 437 15327 913 160 13180 1257
-160 9387 422 -437 9387 532 -160 9589 435
186 9888 1662 518 11760 1297 186 10042 1681
-186 7152 792 -518 7152 871 -186 7306 811
186 9888 1662 518 11760 1297 186 10042 1681
-186 7152 792 -518 7152 871 -186 7306 811
221 5562 2080 599 6687 1690 221 5648 2105
-221 4023 1150 -599 4023 1201 -221 4109 1176
221 5562 2080 599 6687 1690 221 5648 2105
-221 4023 1150 -599 4023 1201 -221 4109 1176
264 0 2498 680 0 2092 , 264
/I ., IQ
2530
-264 0 1490 -680 0 1522 -264
- . _. 0.
/i522
- -- --
:____ _______
-
__ ____:___
------- -- - ..
COM3
T M3
KN-m KN-m
680
(
-680
(
599 6773
-599 4109
599 6773
-599 4109
518 11914
-518 7306
518 11914
-518 7306
437 15529
-437 9589
437 15529
-437 9589
356 17618i
-356 10959
356 17618
-356 10959
300 18075
-300 11415
300 18075
-300 11415
356 17618
-356 10959
356 17618
-356 10959
437 15529
-437 9589
437 15529
-437 9589
518 11914
-518 7306
518 11914
-518 7306
599 6773
-599 4109
599 6773
-599 4109
680 0
-680 0
-

Detailed Calculation For Box Girder Design

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Detailed Calculation For Box Girder Design

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