ALKANES 1. Draw structural formula for: a) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane See 4. a) b) 3,4-diethylheptane See 4.

b)

c) 3-methylheptane See 4. c)

d) 4-ethyl-3-methylheptane See 4. d)

e) 3-chloro-2-methylhexane See 4. e)

f) 2-chloro-2-methylpentane See 4. f)

g) 4-bromo-5-iodo-2,2,3-trimethylhexane See 4. g)

h) 5,6-dichloro-3-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctane See 4. h)

2. Draw and name 3 isomers of C5H12. have the same chemical formula, but different structures different branching.
C

C C

C C

C C

C C

C C C

n - pentane

2 methylbutane

2,2-dimethylpropane

3. Which compound has the higher melting point: propane or pentane? Explain. n pentane has the higher melting point as the molecule can pack closer together causing stronger London Dispersion forces. More energy is needed to overcome these forces and allow the molecules to move further apart and melt.

4. Name the following: a)

CH3 CH3 CH CH2

CH3 C CH3 CH3

See 1. a)

b)

CH3

CH2 CH3

CH

CH

CH2

CH2

CH3
See 1. b)

CH2 CH2 CH3

c)

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH3 CH3 CH2

See 1. c)

d)

CH3

CH2

CH

CH

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH3
See 1. d)

CH3 CH2 CH3

Cl
e)

CH3

CH CH3 Cl

CH

CH2

CH2

CH3
See 1. e)

f)

CH3

C CH2 CH3

CH2

CH3

See 1. f)

g)

CH3 CH3 Br CH3 C CH3 CH CH CH I Cl CH2 CH CH Cl CH2 CH3

See 1. h)

CH3
See 1. g)

h)

CH3 CH2 CH3 CH C CH3 CH3

ALKENES 1. Draw structural formula for the following: a) 2-methylpropene See 3. a) b) trans-2,3-dibromobut-2-ene See 3. b)

c) cis-hex-3-ene See 3. c)

d) 2-ethylpent-1-ene See 3. d)

e) cis-4-chloro-5-methylhex-2-ene See 3. e)

f) 4,4-dimethylhex-1-ene See 3. f)

g) trans-3-bromo-2-iodo-4,5,5-trimethylhex-2-ene See 3. g)

h) trans-3,4-dichloro-6-ethyl-6,7-dimethyloct-3-ene See 3. h)

2. a) Draw and name the geometric isomers of C2H2Cl2.

H C Cl H C Cl
H C C Cl H

or

Cl

cis-1,2-dichloroethane

H C Cl

Cl C H

H C C

Cl

or

Cl

trans-1,2-dichloroethane

b) Which of the two compounds above has the higher melting point? Explain. cis-1,2-dichloroethane has the higher melting point as it is more polar than the trans isomer.

3. Name the following: a) CH3 C CH2

CH3
b)

See 1. a)

Br C CH3 C

CH3
See 1. b)

Br

c)

CH3

CH2

C H
CH2

C H

CH2

CH3
See 1. c)

d)

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH3
See 1. d)

Cl
e)

CH3

CH CH3

CH

C H

C H

CH3
See 1. e)

f)

CH2 CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH2 CH CH2

See 1. f)

g)

CH3 CH3 H3C C CH3 CH

Br C C I CH3
See 1. g)

h)

CH3 CH3 CH CH3

CH2 C CH3 CH2

Cl C C Cl CH2 CH3
See 1. h)

ALKYNES 1. Draw structural formula for the following: a) 4,5-dimethyl-2-heptane See 3. a) c) 4-methyl-2-pentyne See 3. c) e) 4-chloro-5-methyl-2-hexyne See 3. e) g) 1-iodo-3,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentyne See 3. g) b) 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyne See 3. b) d) 4-ethyl-2-hexyne See 3. d) f) 5,5-dimethyl-1-heptyne See 3. f) h) 6-ethyl-6,7-dimethyl-3-octyne See 3. h)

2. a) Draw and name the isomers of C4H5Cl. There are several, here are a few:
H Cl C C C H H C H H

Cl H H C C C C H

1-chlorobut-1-ene
H H C C C H H C H Cl

H H 3-chlorobut-1-ene
H H C H C C H C H Cl

4-chlorobut-1-ene

1-chlorobut-2-ene
H

Cl

C H

C H

C H

Cl

H H H H 1-chlorobuta-1,3-diene
H H C H C C C H

4-chloro-1,2-butadiene
H H C C C C H

Cl H

3-chloro-1,2-butadiene

Cl H H 1-chloro-1,2-butadiene

b) Which of the isomer compounds above has the higher melting point? Explain. The dienes have more electrons and 1-chlorobuta-1,3-diene has the closest packing.

3. Name the following: a)

CH3

CH CH3

CH CH2

CH3 CH3
See 1. a)

b)

CH3 HC C C CH3 CH3

See 1. b)

c)

CH3 CH3 C C CH CH3 CH3 C C CH3

See 1. d) See 1. c)

d)

CH2 CH3 CH2 CH

e)

Cl CH3 CH CH3 CH C C CH3

See 1. e)

f)

CH2 CH3 C CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 C CH

See 1. f)

g)

CH3 CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH C C I

See 1. g)

h)

CH3 CH3 CH CH3

CH2 C CH3 CH2 C C CH2 CH3

See 1. h)

Practice Intermolecular Forces

1. For each of the molecules below complete the following: a) Are the bonds polar? b) Pick the most polar bond in each and indicate the positive and negative portion of the bond by using a vector. c) Which of these are polar molecules (have a net dipole moment)? CH4
H C H H H

(a) EN (CH) = 0.4 non-polar (b) no polar bonds (c) non-polar molecule

CH3OH
H H O H C H

(a) EN (CO) = 1.0 ; polar, EN (OH) = 1.4 ; polar (b) O-H (c) polar molecule

CO2
O C O

(a) EN (CO) = 1.0 ; polar (b) both C-O (c) non-polar molecule

C2H6
H H H C C H H H

(a) EN (CH) = 0.4 ; non-polar (b) non-polar (c) non-polar molecule

CCl4
Cl C Cl Cl Cl

(a) EN (CCl) = 0.5 ; polar (b) all C-Cl (c) non-polar molecule

CH3Cl
H C Cl H H

(a) EN (CCl) = 0.5 ; polar (b) one C-Cl (c) polar molecule

CH3CN
H C N C H H

(a) EN (CN) = 0.5 ; polar (b) C-N (c) polar molecule

2. a)

Rank the following from substances from strongest to weakest intermolecular forces. CH4 LD EN = 0.4 weak Cl2 LD EN = 0 weakest CH3Cl LD, D-D EN = 0.5 strongest

b)

What features must a molecule have to exhibit the above attractive forces? Non-polar molecule non-polar bond or symmetrical shape LD only Polar molecule polar bond(s) and a nonsymmetrical shape LD and D-D

c)

What type of intermolecular attraction would occur between identical molecules of the following? CH3Cl D-D CH3CH3 LD CH2CH2 LD CH3OH HB CH3CH2OH HB

3. Are ammonia (NH3) and water miscible? Explain Yes, ammonia will dissolve in water as both are polar molecules and the dipoles will attract each other. 4. Indicate which compound in the following pairs would have the higher boiling point and greater water solubility. Explain your order.

O
a) CH3 CH2 OH vs CH3 CH HB D-D Higher b.p. Greater H2O solubility

O
b) CH CH CH 3 2 3 vs CH3 C CH3 LD D-D Higher b.p. Greater H2O solubility

c) CH3CH2CH2Cl vs CH3CH2CH3 D-D LD Higher b.p. Greater H2O solubility

BALANCING SKELETAL EQUATIONS

Balance the following skeletal equations: a) 2 Li + 2 H2O 2 LiOH + H2

b)

2 Mg

Pb(SO4)2

2 MgSO4

Pb

c)

FeSO4

2 HCN

Fe(CN)2

H2SO4

d)

3 H2S

Al2(CO3)3

Al2S3

3 H2O

3 CO2

e)

2 H3PO4

3 Ca(OH)2

Ca3(PO4)2

6 H2O

f)

Na2O

H2O

2 NaOH

g)

4 Fe +

3 O2

2 Fe2O3

h)

2 Fe(OH)3

Fe2O3

3 H2O

i)

C12H22O11

12 O2

12 CO2

11 H2O

BALANCING WORD EQUATIONS

Balance the following word equations: j) iron 4 Fe + + oxygen 3 O2 iron (III) oxide 2 Fe2O3

k)

sodium chlorate 2 NaClO3

sodium chloride 2 NaCl

+ +

oxygen 3 O2

l)

copper (II) oxide CuO +

+ H2

hydrogen Cu

copper H2O +

water

m)

sodium hydroxide + 2 NaOH +

carbon dioxide Na2CO3

sodium carbonate H2O

water

CO2

n)

hydrogen 3 H2

+ +

nitrogen N2

ammonia

2 NH3 +

o)

tin (IV) oxide SnO2 +

+ 2C

carbon Sn

tin 2 CO

carbon monoxide

p)

calcium chloride CaCl2

Ca

calcium + Cl2

chlorine

A) Synthesis Reactions For each of the following, complete and give the Balanced Chemical equation: 1. sodium 2 Na (s) 2. carbon C (s) 3. carbon dioxide CO2 (g) 4. calcium 2 Ca (s) 5. dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5 (g) 6. calcium oxide 2 CaO (s) 7. sodium oxide Na2O (s) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + iodine I2 (s) oxygen O2 (g) water H2O (l) oxygen O2 (g) water H2O (l) water H2O (l) SO3 (g) sodium iodide 2 NaI (s) carbon dioxide CO2 (g) carbonic acid H2CO3 (aq) calcium oxide 2 CaO (s) nitric acid 2 HNO3 (aq) calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 (aq) sodium sulfate Na2SO4 (s)

sulfur trioxide

B) Decomposition Reactions 8. carbonic acid H2CO3 (l) 9. copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 (s) 10. sodium bicarbonate 2 NaHCO3 (s) 11. magnesium chloride MgCl2 (s)
hea t

carbon dioxide CO2 (g)

+ +

water H2O (l) carbon dioxide CO2 (g) carbon dioxide + 2 CO2 (g) chlorine Cl2 (g) + water H2O (l)

copper (II) oxide + CuO (s) sodium oxide Na2O (s) + + + + +

hea t

electrolys is

magnesium Mg (s)

C) Single Displacement Reactions For each of the following, complete and give the Balanced Chemical equation: 1. nickel + copper (II) nitrate soln nickel (II) nitrate soln + copper

Ni (s)

+ Cu(NO3)2 (aq)

Ni(NO3)2 (aq)

+ Cu (s)

2. zinc

+ hydrochloric acid

zinc chloride soln

+ hydrogen

Zn (s)

+ 2 HCl (aq)

ZnCl2 (aq)

+ H2 (g)

3. barium

+ iron (III) chloride soln

barium chloride soln

+ iron

3 Ba (s)

+ 2 FeCl3 (aq)

3 BaCl2 (aq)

+ 2 Fe (s)

4. aluminum + zinc hydroxide soln

aluminum hydroxide soln

+ zinc

2 Al (s)

+ 3 Zn(OH)2 (aq)

2 Al(OH)3 (aq)

+ 3 Zn (s)

5. lead Pb (s)

+ magnesium sulfate soln no reaction (NR) + MgSO4 (aq) NR

6. chlorine Cl2 (g)

+ sodium iodide soln + 2 NaI (aq)

sodium chloride soln 2 NaCl (aq)

+ iodine + I2 (s)

D) Double Displacement Reactions NOTE: Due to lack of space, assume all products and reactants are solutions (aq) unless otherwise stated For each of the following, complete and give the Balanced Chemical equation: 1. silver nitrate 3 AgNO3 (aq) 2. nitric acid 2 HNO3 (aq) + iron (III) chloride + FeCl3 (aq) + sodium carbonate + Na2CO3 (aq) silver chloride solid + iron (III) nitate 3 AgCl (s) sodium nitrate + water + CO2 (g) 2 NaNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) + Fe(NO3)3 (aq) + carbon dioxide

3. phosphoric acid H3PO4 (aq) 4. lithium hydroxide 2 LiOH (aq) 5. ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 (aq)

+ potassium hydroxide potassium phosphate + water + 3 KOH (aq) + sulfuric acid + H2SO4 (aq) + sodium hydroxide + NaOH (aq) K3PO4 (aq) lithium sulfate Li2SO4 (aq) sodium nitrate + water + NH3 (g) NaNO3 (aq) + H2O(l) + ammonia + 2 NH3 (g) + 3 H2O (l) + water + 2 H2O (l) + ammonia

6. barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 (aq)

+ ammonium sulfate + (NH4)2SO4 (aq)

barium sulfate + water BaSO4 (aq) + 2H2O(l)

Organic Reactions Alkanes 1. What is the equation for the complete combustion of pentane? C5H12 (l) + 8 O2 (g) 5 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l)

2. Give an example of a cracking of an alkane. C15H32 (l) + H2 (g) C7H16 (l) + C8H18 (l)

3. Give the equation of the reaction of bromine with ethane. C2H6 (g)
H H C H H C H H C H

+
H C H

Br2 (l)
H C H H C H

C2H5Br (l)

HBr (l)
H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H Br

Br

Br

C H

HBr

Alkenes 4. What is the equation for the complete combustion of 2-pentene? 2 C5H10 (l) + 10 O2 (g) 5 CO2 (g) + 10 H2O (l)

5. Give the equation of the reaction of bromine with 2-hexene. C6H12 (l)
H H C H C H C H

Br2 (l)
H C H H C H H C H

C6H12Br2 (l)
H Br C H Br H C H C H H C H H C H H

Br

Br

C H

6. Give the equation of the reaction of water with propene. C3H6 (g)
H C H H CH C H H

H2O (l)

C3H7OH (l)
H OH H C H C H H O H H C H

Alkynes 7. What is the equation for the complete combustion of propyne? C3H4 (l) + 4 O2 (g) 3 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l)

8. Give the equation of the reaction of hydrogen chloride with 2-hexyne. C6H10 (l)
H H C H C C

HCl (l)
H C H H C H

H C H

C6H11Cl (l)
H H H C H C Cl C H H C H H C H H

Cl

C H

9. Give the equation of the reaction of water with propyne. C3H4 (g) +
H H C C C H H

H2O (l)

C3H5OH (l)
H OH H C C H H

C H

EQUATION DRILL WORKSHEET For each of the following, give the: a) completed word equation b) the balanced chemical equation c) electron dot diagrams for all reactants and products d) reaction type(s) [as many classes as possible] 1. barium + iodine barium iodide Ba (s)
Ba

I2 (s)
I I

BaI2 (s)
Ba
2+

Synthesis, exothermic 2. dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5 (g)

O O N O O N O

water

nitric acid

H2O (l)

2 HNO3 (aq)
O

H O H

H O

Synthesis, exothermic 3. eg. carbon dioxide CO2 (g)

O C O

water

carbonic acid H2CO3 (aq)

O H O C O H

H2O (l)
H O H

Synthesis, exothermic 4. eg. sodium oxide Na2O (s)

Na
+

+ +

water

sodium hydroxide NaOH (aq)

Na
+ -

H2O (l)

2-

H O H

OH

Synthesis, exothermic 5. sodium oxide Na2O (s) +

Na
+

sulfur trioxide

sodium sulfate

SO3 (g)
O
2-

Na2SO4 (s)
O

O
Na

S O

2
heat

Synthesis, exothermic 6. aluminum hydroxide 2 Al(OH)3 (s) aluminum oxide + + water

Al2O3 (s)

2 H2O (l)

Al

3+

OH

Al

3+

2-

H O H

Decomposition, endothermic 7. copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 (s)

O Cu
2+

heat

copper (II) oxide + CO2 (g)

carbon dioxide

2O

CuO (s)
2+

Cu

2-

O C O

Decomposition, endothermic 8. nickel Ni (s) + + copper (II) nitrate soln Cu(NO3)2 (aq)
O

nickel (II) nitrate +

1O

+ Cu (s)

copper

Ni(NO3)2 (aq)
O Ni
2+

1O

Ni

Cu

2+

Cu
2

Single Displacement 9. zinc Zn (s) + +

K
+

potassium hydroxide soln KOH (aq)

OH
-

NR

No Reaction (NR)

Zn

Single Displacement 10. chlorine Cl2 (g)

Cl Cl

gallium iodide soln +

Ga

gallium chloride
Ga
3+

+ + 3 I2 (s)
I I

iodine

2 GaI3 (s)
3+

GaCl3 (s)
Cl
-

Single Displacement 11. magnesium sulfide soln + iron (III) chloride soln iron (III) sulfide + magnesium chloride soln 3 MgS (aq)
Mg
2+

FeCl3 (aq)
Fe
3+

Fe2S3 (s)
Fe
3+

+
S
2-

3 MgCl2 (aq)
Mg
2+

2-

Cl

Cl

Double Displacement 12. aluminum chloride soln + sodium carbonate soln sodium chloride soln + aluminum oxide + carbon dioxide boiled dry and then heated

2 AlCl3 (aq) (g)

3 Na2CO3 (aq)
O 2-

heat

6NaCl (s)

Al2O3 (s)

3 CO2

Al

3+

Cl

Na

Na

Cl

Al

3+

2-

O C O

Double Displacement, Decomposition 13. phosphoric acid + potassium hydroxide soln potassium phosphate + water H3PO4 (aq)
O H O P O H O H

3 KOH (aq)

K3PO4 (aq) +
O

3 H2O (l)
3-

OH

P O

H O H

Double Displacement 14. lithium hydroxide soln + LiOH (aq)

Li
+

sulfur trioxide gas

lithium hydrogen sulfate

+
-

SO3 (g)
O O S O

LiHSO4 (s)
O Li
+

1O H

OH

S O

Synthesis, Exothermic 15. ammonium chloride soln + calcium hydroxide soln calcium chloride soln + ammonium + water 2 NH4Cl (aq)
H H N H
+ -

Ca(OH)2 (aq)
Ca
2+

CaCl2 (aq)
Ca
2+

+
-

2 NH3 (g)
2
H N H H

+ 2 H2O (l)

Cl

OH 2

Cl

H O H

Double Displacement, Decomposition 16. barium hydroxide soln + ammonium sulphate soln barium sulfate + ammonia + water Ba(OH)2 (aq)
Ba
2+

(NH4)2SO4 (aq)
H H N H
+

BaSO4 (s)
2+

+
O

2 NH3 (g)
2O

+ 2 H2O (l)
H

OH 2

O H O S O O
Ba O

N H

H O H

S O

Double Displacement, Decomposition