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1Guidelines for Biblical Exegesis 2006-2007 Exegesis is the systematic attempt to discover the meaning of a passage of Scripture.

It involves the application of specific steps of inquiry into the message of a passage, culminating in an application of that message to today's situation. General Procedure Select a passage of Scripture from a list to be provided by the instructor. Repeatedly read the entire boo or letter in !hich the passage is found before opening a commentary or reference boo . "his !ill enable you to obtain a sense of the passage's meaning in its literary context before encountering the voices of others. #rite do!n all questions that come to mind as you read the passage. "hese questions should help guide your research. Read your specific passage in at least three modern translations $%I&, %RS&, %'(, %)S(*. %ote any differences among the translations. )re they significant or merely differences in !ording+ $,ommentaries may be addressed concerning any significant differences.* )void the use of paraphrases such as "he -iving (ible, "he .essage, or "he /ood %e!s (ible. )ddress the question of the passage's literary form. Is it poetry or prose, allegory, apocalyptic, etc.+ Identification of the type of material in the text is of importance for its interpretation. 0or example, apocalyptic literature is not approached in the same !ay as 1ebre! poetry. If !or ing !ith a gospel, do a synoptic comparison. 2utside the gospels, other parallels may be addressed as !ell. 0or example, one can compare ho! 3aul deals !ith a given topic in /alatians and Romans. Examine introductory issues $authorship, date, audience, etc.* relating to the boo or letter in !hich a passage is found. "hese matters should be briefly addressed in the paper. 3articularly note any distinctive themes or emphases that characteri4e the boo . Examine the literary context of the passage. 3articularly focus on the immediate context or !hat comes right before and after the passage of Scripture under investigation. In addition, explore ho! the verse or passage fits into the broader section of the document in !hich it is found. 0or example, if studying the beatitudes in .atthe! 567819, it !ould be important to note that they are of part of the introduction to the Sermon on the .ount in .atthe! 58:. ;iscern the life8setting $Sit4 im -eben* of the passage !ithin the boo or letter. #hat audience is being addressed+ #hat do !e no! of the community of !hich this audience is a part+ "o !hat situation or question does the passage respond+ )ddress any cultural practices, concepts, etc. !hich may be unclear to a present day audience. 3articularly, note any practices or teachings !hich !ould have seemed abnormal or unusual to

the audience. $"o do this, one must have some idea of !hat !as the norm or !hat !as the generally accepted practice or idea.* 0or example, is there anything shoc ing in the parable of <the /ood Samaritan< $-u e 1=69587:*, or do things turn out much as the audience !ould have expected+ Identify significant !ords, phrases, or concepts in the passage that need further study such as >sin,? >salvation,? >@ustification,? >holy and acceptable to /od,? >the >righteousness of /od,? >the fullness of time? >the hour has come? and >love your enemies.? ;etermine the most li ely meaning of the selected term or concept as used in the passage. 3ay close attention to the literary context $surrounding discussion* in !hich the !ord or phase is found. #ords ta e on their precise meanings in particular literary contexts. Examine functions of various parts of speech, verb tenses, and sentence structure or syntax. Apon investigation, !hat appears to be the primary message of the passage !ithin its literary context+ 1o! does this message relate to the overarching themes of the letter or boo + 1o! does the message fit into the broader biblical or theological context of the 2ld and %e! "estaments+ #hat is the relationship bet!een the passage and the broader area of ,hristian theology+ 0or example, concerning the interpretation of parables, !hat is $are* the main point$s* of comparison in the parable+ #hat is $are* the message$s* being presented by the parable+ 1o! does the context inform the meaning of the parable+ 1o! does the parable inform the message of the overall gospel+ 1o! does the parable's message relate to the overarching theme of the ingdom of /od+ 1o! does the parableBs message inform ,hristian theology+ #hat does the message say about /od, humanity, and their relationship !ith one another+ Identify modern life issues for yourself and your target audience that are parallel to life issues in the ancient situation that is confronted by the text. #hat is the significance of the message or messages found !ithin the text for our present life situation as individuals and as members of the ,hristian community+ 0or example, !hat is the significance of the parable of the >/ood Samaritan? for life in the t!enty8first century+ Format for Exegesis Papers Introduction 8Indicate the passage to be studied 83rovide a statement of methodology 8"reat introductory issues such as authorship, audience, place of !riting, destination, dating for the document, life setting $Sit4 im -eben* 8Identify the genre and subgenera of the text 8Indicate ma@or emphases of the !or $themes*

Body 8;iscuss the broad literary context or portion of the !or in !hich the text is found. 8;iscuss the immediate context of the passage 8!hat comes immediately before and after the passage. 8)naly4e the passage itself8 do a verse by verse analysis paying close attention to the flo! thought in the passage, do necessary !ord studies $secular use, canonical use, use by the author in multiple !or s, and specific use in the passage under investigation*, examine cultural practices and concepts $particularly note any item or idea in your passage !hich appears to go against cultural norms 8ex. having a Samaritan be the hero in a story*, note differences among translations $textual criticism*, do synoptic comparisons, note rhetorical devices, figures of speech, etc. 8)ttempt to ascertain the meaning of the passage in its historical and literary context and ma e an explicit statement of your findings. Relate these findings to the ma@or emphases or themes of the !or as previously indicated in the introductory portion of the paper. 1o! do these findings relate to the broader message of the (ible+ Conclusion C )ttempt to determine the original application or applications of the message $or messages* that !ere intended by the author. 1o! does the author seemingly !ant the audience to respond+ C ,onsider !hether or not the original application or applications are transferable across time and space or are historically and culturally bound. C If the specific application or applications are historically and culturally bound, consider any principle or principles reflected by the text that transcend time and culture and are reflected else!here in Scripture, albeit in different forms. C #hat does this cross8cultural principle $or principles* have to say to us as !e live out our lives in the context of the community of faith and broader human community+ 8,onsider and discuss the relevance of !hat the text says for our understanding of /od, ourselves, and our relationship !ith him. 0or a further discussion of issues relating to application, see the >.odel for )pplicational Interpretation? in Dlein, (lomberg, and 1ubbardBs Introduction to (iblical Interpretation. "he form for the paper !ill conform to the standards established by the )3) or .-) style guides. If APA is used, page nu bers us! be pro"ided in no!a!ion. 2ne must cite the source !hen either ideas or !ords are borro!ed. ;irect quotes must be included in quotation mar s, or if four or more lines are quoted, set off in a bloc !ith the left margin indented.

Resources #iscussions $ela!ing !o !%e Exege!ical and &er eneu!ical Process )nderson, 'anice ,apel and Stephen ;. .oore, eds. .ar and .ethod6 %e! )pproaches in (iblical Studies ,arson, ;. ). Exegetical 0allacies, 9nd ed. ,on4elmann, 1ans and )ndreas -indemann. Interpreting the %e! "estament6 )n Introduction to the 3rinciples and .ethods of %" Exegesis ,arver, 0ran /. 'r. <) #or ing .odel for "eaching Exegesis.< Interpreting /od's #ord "oday Eric son, Richard '. ) (eginnerBs /uide to %e! "estament Exegesis 0ee, /ordon ;. %e! "estament Exegesis6 ) 1andboo for Students and 3astors, 7rd ed. 0ee, /ordon ;. and ;ouglas Stuart, 1o! to Read the (ible for )ll Its #orth, 9nd ed. /orman, .ichael '. Elements of (iblical Exegesis6 ) (asic /uide for Students and .inisters /reen, 'oel (., ed., 1earing the %e! "estament6 Strategies for Interpretation 1ayes, 'ohn 1. ;ictionary of (iblical Interpretation 1ayes, 'ohn 1. and ,arl R. 1olladay, (iblical Exegesis6 ) (eginnerBs 1andboo 1irsch, '. ;., &alidity in Interpretation Iser, #olfgang, >"he Reading 3rocess6 ) 3henomenological)pproach.? In Reader8Response ,riticism6 0rom 0ormalism to 3ost8Structuralism Dlein, #illiam #., ,raig -.(lomberg, and Robert -. 1ubbard, 'r., Introduction to (iblical Interpretation Drent4, Edgar, "he 1istorical8,ritical .ethod -add, /eorge Eldon, "he %e! "estament and ,riticism -ong, &. 3hilips, "he )rt of (iblical Interpretation. 0oundations of ,ontemporary Interpretation, &ol. 5 -ongman, "remper, III, -iterary )pproaches to (iblical Interpretation .cDen4ie, Steven -. and Stephen R. 1aynes, eds. "o Each Its 2!n .eaning6 )n Introduction to (iblical ,riticisms and their )pplication .cDim, ;onald D., ed., 1istorical 1andboo of .a@or (iblical Interpreters .cDnight, Scott, ed., Introducing %e! "estament Interpretation .et4ger, (ruce .. "he (ible in "ranslation6 )ncient and English &ersions .ichaels, '. Ramsey, Interpreting the (oo of Revelation .ic elsen, ). (er eley, Interpreting the (ible .ic elsen, ). (er eley and )lvera .., Andertanding Scripture6 1o! to Read andEAnderstand the (ible 2sborne, /rant R., "he 1ermeneutical Spiral6 ) ,omprehensive Introduction to (iblical Interpretation 3errin, %orman, #hat is Redaction ,riticism+ 3etersen, %orman R., -iterary ,riticism for %e! "estament ,ritics Ry en, -eland, 1o! to Read the (ible as -iterature Sanders, E. 3. and .argaret ;avies, Studying the Synoptic /ospels Schert4, .ary 1. and 3erry (. Foder, Seeing the "ext6 Exegesis for Students of /ree and 1ebre! Soulen, Richard %. and R. Dendall Soulen, 1andboo of (iblical ,riticism, 7rd rev. ed. Stein, Robert 1., ) (asic /uide to Interpreting the (ible6 3laying by the Rules

EEEEE. Interpreting 3u44ling "exts in the %e! "estament Stuart, ;ouglas, 2ld "estament Exegesis6 ) 3rimer for Students and 3astors, 9nd ed. "ate, #. Randolph, (iblical Interpretation6 )n Integrated )pproach "histleton, )nthony ,. "he "!o 1ori4ons6 %e! "estament 1ermeneutics and 3hilosophical ;escription !ith Special Reference to 1eidegger, (ultmann, /adamer, and #ittgenstein EEEEE. %e! 1ori4ons in 1ermeneutics6 "he "heory and 3ractice of "ransforming (iblical Reading EEEEE. 3romise of 1ermeneutics "uc ett, ,hristopher, Reading the %e! "estament6 .ethods of Interpretation "urner, %icholas, 1andboo for (iblical Studies &ir er, 1enry )., 1ermeneutics6 3rinciples and 3rocesses of (iblical Interpretation 'exicons (ro!n, 0., ;river, S. R., and ,. ). (riggs, ) 1ebre! and English -exicon of the 2ld "estament ;an er, 0rederic #illiam, ) /ree 8English -exicon of the %e! "estament and 2ther Early ,hristian -iterature, 7rd rev. ed. 1olliday, #. -., ,oncise 1ebre! and )ramaic -exicon of the 2ld "estament -ou!, '. 3., -ida, E. )., ) /ree 8English -exicon of the %e! "estament (ased on Semantic ;omains Concordances /oodric , E. and '. R. Dohlenberger. eds. "he %I& Exhaustive ,oncordance Dohlenberger, '. R., ed. "he %RS& ,oncordance Anabridged "he %e! )merican Standard Exhaustive ,oncordance Strong, '. Exhaustive ,oncordance of the (ible Foung, R. )nalytical ,oncordance to the (ible 'anguage and (ord )!udies )land, D. et al. eds., /ree %e! "estament, Gth rev.ed. EEEEE , ed., Synopsis of the 0our /ospels EEEEE , ed., Synopsis Huattuor Evangeliorum, 17th ed. )land, D. and (. )land, "he "ext of the %e! "estament (lac , ;avid )lan, Asing %e! "estament /ree in .inistry6 ) 3ractical /uide for Students and 3astors (otter!ec , /. '. and 1. Ringgren, eds., "heological ;ictionarv of the 2" (ro!n, ,olin. %e! International ;ictionary of %e! "estament "heology. (ullinger, E. #., 0igures of Speech Ased in the (ible ;e.oss, .atthe! S. 3oc et ;ictionary for the Study of %e! "estament /ree ;ouglas, '. ;., ed. %RS& /ree 8English Interlinear %e! "estament

Earl, R. #ord .eanings in the %" Easley, Dendell 1. Aser 0riendly /ree 6 ) ,ommon Sense )pproach to the /ree %e! "estament Elliger, D. and #. Rudolph, eds., (iblia 1ebraica Stuttgartensia /reen, '., Interlinear %e! "estament /reenlee, '. 1arold. ) ,oncise Exegetical /rammar of %e! "estament /ree EEEEEEEE. Introduction to %e! "estament "extual ,riticism 1arris, R. -. et al, eds. "heological #ordboo of the 2ld "estament, 9 vols. Dittel, /. and 0riedrich /. "heological ;ictionarv of the %" Dohlenberger, '. R., ed., %I& Interlinear 1ebre!8English 2ld "estament -iddell, 1. /. and R. Scott, ) /ree 8English -exicon .achen, '. /resham and ;an /. .c,artney, %e! "estament /ree for (eginners, 9nd ed. .et4ger, (. .., ed., ) "extual ,ommentary on the /ree %e! "estament EEEEE. "ext of the %e! "estament .oulton, 1. D., ed. "he )nalytical /ree -exicon Revised %estle8)land, %ovum "estamentum /raece, 9Ith ed. 2!ens, '. '., )nalytical Dey to the 2ld "estament, G &ols. 2!ens, "imothy, ) ,umulative Index to %e! "estament /ree /rammars Rahlfs, ). Septuaginta $-JJ* Richardson, ) "heological #ordboo of the (ible Robertson, ). "., #ord 3ictures in the %" &incent, #ord Studies in the %" &ine's ,omplete Expositorv of 2ld and %e! "estament #ords #igram, /eorge, "he EnglishmanBs /ree ,oncordance of the %e! "estament #inter, Ralph ;. and Roberta 1. #inter, "he #ord Study %e! "estament $Ase in con@unction !ith "he #ord Study ,oncordance ed. by /eorge #igram and Ralph 3. #inter* Bibliograp%ic )!udy Guides ,arson, ;. )., %e! "estament ,ommentarv Survey. Gth ed. ;an er, 0. #., )n Introductory (ibliography for the Study of Scripture EEEEE. .ultipurpose "ools for (ible Study, Rev. ed. Scholer, ;avid .., ) (asic (ibliographic /uide for %" Exegesis )!andard Co en!aries

)nchor (ible ExpositorBs (ible ,ommentary 1ermeneia6 ) ,ritical and 1istorical ,ommentary on the (ible International ,ritical ,ommentary $older* Interpretation (ible ,ommentary "he I&3 %e! "estament ,ommentary Series %e! ,entury (ible

"he %e! International (ible ,ommentary %e! International ,ommentary on the %e! "estament %e! International /ree "estament ,ommentary %e! InterpreterBs (ible "he 2ld "estament -ibrary Sacra 3agina "yndale %e! "estament ,ommentary #esleyan (ible ,ommentary #ord (iblical ,ommentary Avoid (iblical Illustrator, 3ulpit ,ommentary, Spea er's (ible, 1ailev's 1andboo , .atthe! 1enry's ,ommentary, )n Exposition of the #hole (ible

#ic!ionaries, Encyclopedias, and A!lases )nchor (ible ;ictionary, I vols., 0reedman, ;. %., ed. "he )rchaeological Encyclopedia of the 1oly -and, Rev.ed. %egev, )vraham, ed. )tlas of the (ible and ,hristianity, ;o!ley, "im, ed. "he ,ambridge ,ompanion to the (ible, Dee, 1o!ard ,lar et al., eds. ,oncise (ible )tlas6 ) /eographical Survey of (ible 1istory, -aney, '. ,arl ;ictionary of (iblical Interpretation, 9 vols., 1ayes, 'ohn 1., ed. ;ictionarv of 'esus and the /ospels ;ictionary of %e! "estament (ac ground, Evans, ,raig ). and Stanley E. 3orter, eds. ;ictionarv of 3aul and 1is -etters ;ictionarv of the -ater %e! "estament K Its ;evelopment Encyclopedia 'udaica, 1I vols., Roth ,. et al., eds.. Encyclopedia of )pocalypticism, 7 vols. ,ollins, 'ohn, '. ed. Exegetical ;ictionary of the %e! "estament, 7 vols., (al4, 1orst and /erhard Schneider, eds. 1andboo of (iblical ,riticism, 7nd ed., Soulen, Richard and R. Dendall Soulen 1andboo of -ife in (ible "imes, "hompson, '. ). "he 1arper )tlas of the (ible, 3ritchard, 'ames (., ed. 1arperBs (ible ;ictionary, )chtemeier, 3. '., ed. 1arperBs Encyclopedia of (ible -ife, .adeline S. and '. -ane .iller 1istorical 1andboo of .a@or (iblical Interpreters. .cDim, D. ;onald, ed. "he International Standard (ible Encyclopedia, G vols., (romiley, /. #., Rev.ed. Interpreter's ;ictionary of the (ible, G &olumes plus a Supplementary &olume 'esus and 1is #orld6 )n )rchaeological and ,ultural ;ictionary, Rousseau, 'ohn '. and Rami )rav "he .acmillan (ible )tlas, )haroni, Fohanan and .ichael )vi8Fonah, eds. "he %e! International ;ictionary of (iblical )rchaeology, (lai loc , Ed!ard .. and R. D. 1arrison, eds. ) StudentBs ;ictionary for (iblical and "heological Studies, 1uey, 0. (. and (ruce ,orley "he 2xford ,lassical ;ictionary, 9nd ed. Londervan's 3ictorial Encyclopedia of the (ible, 5 vols., "enney, .. ,., ed.

)elec!ed *opics "he )pocalypse6 ) Reading of the Revelation of 'ohn, ,harles 1. "albert "he )pocalyptic -iterature, Stephen -. ,oo "he ,anon of Scripture, 0. 0. (ruce "he ,hristians as the Romans Sa! "hem, Robert -. #il en "he ;a!n of )pocalyptic6 "he 1istorical and Sociological Roots of 'e!ish )pocalyptic Eschatology, 3aul ;. 1anson "he ;ead Sea Scrolls in English, 7rd ed., &ermes, /e4a "he 1istorv of the 'e!ish 3eople in the "ime of 'esus ,hrist. Emil Schurer, 5 &olumes "he 1ousehold of /od6 "he Social #orld of the 3astoral Epistles, ;avid ,. &erner "he I&3 (ible (ac ground ,ommentary6 %e! "estament, ,raig S. Deener "he 0irst Arban ,hristians6 "he Social #orld of the )postle 3aul, #ayne .ee s 0ive Stages of /ree Religion, /ilbert .urray 0rom the .accabees to the .ishnah, Shaye '. ;. ,ohen /ree and Roman Religion6 ) Sourceboo , 'ohn 0erguson /nosticism, Robert .. /rant Introducing the )pocrypha, ;avid ). deSilva 'erusalem in the "ime of 'esus, 'oachim 'eremias 'e!ish Sects at the "ime of 'esus, .arcel Simon "he 'ourney from "exts to "ranslations6 "he 2rigin and ;evelopment of the (ible, 3aul #egner 'udaism and 1ellenism6 Studies in their Encounter in 3alestine ;uring the Early 1ellenistic 3eriod, .artin 1engel Dingdom and ,ommunity6 "he Social #orld of Early ,hristianity, 'ohn /. /ager "he .ishnah, 1erbert ;anby "he .oral #orld of the 0irst ,hristians, #ayne .ee s "he %e! "estament as ,anon6 )n Introduction, (revard ,hilds "he %e! "estament in its Social Environment, 'ohn Stambaugh and ;avid (alch "he %e! "estament #orld6 Insights from ,ultural )nthropology, (ruce '. .alina "he .ethod and .essage of 'e!ish )pocalyptic6 9== (.,.81== ).;., ;. S. Russell "he %e! .anners and ,ustoms of (ible "imes, Ralph /o!er "he %e! "estament in Its Social Environment, 'ohn E. Staumbaugh and ;avid -. (alch "he 2ld "estament 3seudepigrapha, 9 vols., 'ames 1. ,harles!orth, ed. "he 2ther /ospels6 %on8,anonical /ospel "exts, Ron ,ameron 3aganism in the Roman Empire, Ramsay .ac.ullen >3arallelomania,? in 'ournal of (iblical -iterature, M161817 3hilo of )lexandria, Samuel Sandmel #hat )re "hey Saying )bout %e! "estament )pocalyptic+, Scott .. -e!is "he #orld of the %e! "estament, Sean 0reyne "he #orld of the 2ld "estament, ). S. &an der #oude

In!roduc!ions !o !%e +e, *es!a en! (arr, ;avid, %e! "estament Storv6 )n Introduction (ro!n, Raymond E. )n Introduction to the %e! "estament ,arson, ;. )., ;ouglas '. .oo, and -eon .orris, )n Introduction to the %e! "estament ,ollins, Raymond 0. Introduction to the %e! "estament /undry, R. ) Survey of the %e! "estament, Rev. ed. /uthrie, ;onald, %e! "estament Introduction, Gth ed. 1arris, Stephen -., "he %e! "estament6 ) Student's Introduction, 5th ed. 'ohnson, -u e "., "he #ritings of the %e! "estament6 )n Introduction Dee, 1o!ard ,lar , 0ran lin #. Foung, and Darlfried 0roelich, Anderstanding the %e! "estament, Gth ed. Dummel, #erner /eorg, Introduction to the %e! "estament -add, /eorge Eldon, ) "heology of the %e! "estament .arshall, I. 1o!ard, %e! "estament "heology .artin, R. 3., %e! "estament 0oundations6 ) /uide for ,hristian Students, 9 vols. Richardson, )lan, )n Introduction to the "heology of the %e! "estament Spivey, Robert ). and ;. .oody Smith, )natomy of the %e! "estament, 5th ed. Periodicals and -ournals "ools for accessing6 Religion Index 2ne6 3eriodicals Religion Index "!o6 .ulti8)uthor #or s 2ld "estament )bstracts %e! "estament )bstracts ) selection of resources !ith common abbreviations6 (iblica $(ib* (iblical )rchaeologist $()* (iblical )rchaeology Revie! $()R* (iblical "heology (ulletin $("(* (ibliotheca Sacra $(Sac* ,atholic (iblical Huarterly $,(H* Expository "imes $Exp"* Evangelical Huarterly $EvH* Interpretation $Int* 'e!ish Huarterly Revie! $'HR* 'ournal for the Study of the %e! "estament $'S%"* 'ournal of (iblical -iterature $'(-* %e! "estament )bstracts $%")* %e! "estament Studies $%"S* %ovum "estamentum $%ov"* #estminster "heological 'ournal $#"'*

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