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5

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3/109
=
=
4/109
. .
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. . f.
. . .
. . ,
.

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-2-


5/109
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6/84

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7/109
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8/110

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9/110
,
. :
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)
) f.
,
. , f.
f
, = f

10/110
,
.
= 80 cm.
,
,
80 cm.

11/110
) T

1
. Q
f
T'

1
1 1
1
T' T' T .
2f
2 f
2

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f
:

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'
f
1
2 ' f ' ' 2
2
2
f
.

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12/110

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13/110
f,
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14/110
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. (
) .
.
,
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,
.

15/110
14.

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-5-

16/110
5.1
= 344 m/s = 1482 m/s.

,
. :

x
t

t x t
t
t

t x
t t
t x


x x x

t
t

1 t

17/110
.
f , f .
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f f


' ' f ' ' f


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1 '

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'
1
'

18/111
. . ( ) (
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. .

19/111
f
.
i)

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.
ii) , .
iii) :

f .
f

.
iv) . .

20/111
) 10 dB,
.
) 20 dB ( 80 dB 100 dB)
4 .

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1/111

. :

f 80 10 2 5

m
m
4
s
s

2/111
, .
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Hz.
; . , ;
2 .
1 .
2
,
2 z
1
: T

1
1
T s T 0,5s
f
2

, = 10 cm.
:

f 10 10 2 2

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m
m
0,2
s
s

-7-

3/111
t = 10 s d = 20 m,
:

d
20 m
m

2
t
10 s
s

24
. :

24
24
f
f 0, 4Hz
1 min
60 s

1
1
T T
s T 2, 5s
f
0, 4
: f

m 5m
f
0, 4

4/111

. :

d
d
400
t
t
s t 44, 44 s
t

d
t

d
400
t
s t 80 s

t t t t 80 s 44, 44 s t 35,56 s

5/111
:

f f

2,5
1
f
Hz f Hz 0,33 Hz

7,5
3

1
0,33 Hz 0,33 .
s
1
1 60 20 . 20 .
3
Hz

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-8-


6/111
300.000 km/s
. t = 10 s
= 340 m/s, s :

s
s t s 340 10 m s 3400 m
t
7/111
.
15 kHz 15.000 Hz 1,5 km/s 1500 m/s. :

1500

m 0,1 m
f
15000

8/112
, .
,
1.020 m .
) :

d
d
1020
t t
s t 2,96 s
t

344

8 2,96 .
) :

344

m 1,72 m
f
200

9/112


( ).

x.
t1 = 2 s.
:

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t1
2x
340 2
2x t 1 x
x
m x 340 m
t1
2
2

-9-

, y ,
2 s ,
t 2 t 1 2 s t 2 2 s 2 s t 2 4 s . y.
:

2y
t2
340 4
2y t 2 y
y
m y 680 m
t2
2
2

L = x + y :

L x y L 340 m 680 m L 1020 m

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