Purpose of PC(Program Counter) in a MicroProcessor is? a) To store address of TOS(Top Of Stack) b) To store address of next instruction to be executed.

c) count the number of instructions. d) to store base address of the stack

Answers: Ans: (b) (b)it point to the next instruction

The purpose of the Program counter is to store the address of instruction which is to be executed next. The answer for this question is C. The definition stands as follows: Program Counter(PC): It points the address of the instruction which is to be executed next. b.To store address of next instruction to be executed. b) To store address of next instruction to be executed. To store address of next instruction to be executed.

Memory allocation of variables declared in a program is? a) allocated in RAM. b) allocated in ROM. c) allocated on stack. d) assigned to registers.

Answers: Ans: (c) Stack

The status of the Kernel is: a) task b) process c) not defined. d) none of the above.

Answers: Ans: (b)

Kernel is a b.) process

What is Word alignment a) aligning the address to the next word boundary of the machine. b) aligning to an even boundary. c) aligning to a word boundary. d) none of the above.

Answers: Ans: (a) aligning the address to the next word boundary of the machine.

Time taken for 1 satellite hop in voice communication is? a) 1/2 second b) 1 seconds c) 4 seconds d) 2 seconds

Answers: Ans a

How to explain what is ss7? Ans : Common Channel Signaling System No. 7 (i.e., SS7 or C7) is a global standard for telecommunications defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). The standard defines the procedures and protocol by which network elements in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) exchange information over a digital signaling network to effect wireless (cellular) and wireline call setup, routing and control. ss7 is a signaling protocol through which we can access all ss7 enabled devices. Its a set of ITU recommeded protocol which loosly follows OSI 7 model. A set of nodes and links that understands thes ss7 protocol forms and SS7 network. Each of them are assigned with some or other task like switching ,processing etc. ss7 is a quasi assosiated out of band common channel signalig.( in 1 line )

ss7 is a signaling which is caring caller Id & other caller information .which is use in telecom network signaling basicaly.

SS7 is 'out of the band signaling system' defined by ITU that well handles wireless and wireline network with strong security features like location update, database query and roaming. ss7 is out of band signaling system . defined by ITU which makes link bw differnt nw elements in telecomm . to control activites like calling , msgs , paging .. SS7:is Common channel signalling,which is mainly responsible for call setup,call management,call termination.and also to send authentication messges between databases and msc,bsc and also for paging etc.. SS7 is a presentation layer protocol used for encryption and decryption of data over the network

Frequency at which VOICE is sampled is: a) 4 KHz b) 8 KHz c) 16 KHz d) 64 KHz

Ans: (a) Ans: 9b). the voice signals have a bandwidth of 4Khz (300hz-3400hz signal bandwidth + 450*2hz guard bands= 4000hz) according to Nyquist criteria, the sampling rate must be at least double of this total bandwith. thus sampling rate= 2*4Khz = 8Khz. this is the reuired sampling rateto avoid loss of voice signals in transmission. (b) ITS 8KHz, ACCORDING TO NYQUIST CRITERIA OF SAMPLING THEOREM. The frequency or pitch of female is 3600 hz and that of male is 3400 hz.There is a guard band of 400-600 hz needed to over come the ISI and Crosstalk so it is consider to be the 4k hz and according to the Nyquist criteria, the sampling rate must be at least double of this total bandwith.So it becomes 4*2k hz i.e. 8k hz for the noiseless transmission of voice signals. voice frequency is upto 4KHz.hence the sampling rate will be 2*4=8khz

What is the best Rx power and Tx power at good RF Conditions?

If u r talking in the sense of Satellite then it is 6 GHz uplink that is for transmitter and 4 Ghz for downlink frequency that is receiver frequency in case of gsm900 uplink is 890-915mhz and downlink is 935-960mhz GSM UPLINK 890-915 DOWNLINK 935-960 BANDWIDTH 25 DCS uplink 1710-1780 downlink 1805-1885 b-w 75

What is TCSM ?

TCSM=TRANSCODER SUBMULTIPLEXER What is the need of CPG message in ISUP protocol?

Consider any call fowarding scenario.As soon as switch receives Setup, it checks that the Called_Party has forwarded option activated and so tries to forward the call. Meanwhile, Switch sends CPG message towards originator saying that Call is in Progress. What is the maximal decimal number that can be accommodated in a byte? a) 128 b) 256 c) 255 d) 512 Ans: (c) ITS 256. SINCE, 1 BYTE=8 BITS THE LOGIC IS 2^8=256(2 TO THE POWER OF 8
Ans: (c) Because, 1 Byte = 8 Bits Minimum number 1 Byte can hold = 2^0 = 0 Maximum number 1 Byte can hold = (2^8)-1 = 255

Ans: (c) Because, 1 Byte = 8 Bits Minimum number 1 Byte can hold = 2^0 = 0 Maximum number 1 Byte can hold = (2^8)-1 = 255

its (c) since 0 to 255 decimal nos can fit which amounts to A TOTAL OF 256. SO THE MAX decimal NO. THAT CAN FIT IN IS 255==FFh

ans: 255 1 byte=8 bits, hence2^8=256; so, 0 to 255 is the possible value i think it is 2^7 since 8 bits means here that we count from 0. so 2^7 = 128

there r 8 position in 1 byte. start from 1st position max 8 bit no is 11111111 so in decimal , 1*2^0+1*2^1+1*2^2+1*2^3+1*2^4+1*2^5+1*2^6+1*2^7=255 so (c) 255 is currect Ans: 255 2 to the power 8 = 256. This tells that 256 decimal numbers can be represented in unsigned 8 bits. (0-255) the answer is 255 as max no. of bits in byte are 8 and that means it must have all the bits high or 1...i.e after conversion ...using 8421 method (11111111) 128+ 64+ 32+ 16+ 8+ 4+ 2+ 1 = 255

A software that allows a personal computer to pretend as a computer terminal is: a) terminal adapter b) bulletin board c) modem d) terminal emulation

Ans: (d) modem

terminal emulator (d)

To send a data packet using datagram , connection will be established? a) before data transmission. b) connection is not established before data transmission. c) no connection is required. d) none of the above.

Ans: (c) The service actually provided to the user by networks using packet switching nodes can be either connectionless (based on datagram messages), or virtual circuit switching (also known as

connection oriented). Some connectionless protocols are Ethernet, IP, and UDP; connection oriented packet-switching protocols include X.25, Frame relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), and TCP. In connection oriented networks, each packet is labeled with a connection ID rather than an address. Address information is only transferred to each node during a connection set-up phase, when the route to the destination is discovered and an entry is added to the switching table in each network node through which the connection passes. The signalling protocols used allow the application to specify its requirements and the network to specify what capacity etc is available, and acceptable values for service parameters to be negotiated. Routing a packet is very simple, as it just requires the node to look up the ID in the table. The packet header can be small, as it only needs to contain the ID and any information (such as length, timestamp, or sequence number) which is different for different packets. In connectionless networks, each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers; it may also be labeled with the sequence number of the packet. This precludes the need for a dedicated path to help the packet find its way to its destination, but means that much more information is needed in the packet header, which is therefore larger, and this information needs to be looked up in power-hungry content-addressable memory. Each packet is dispatched and may go via different routes; potentially, the system has to do as much work for every packet as the connection-oriented system has to do in connection set-up, but with less information as to the application's requirements. At the destination, the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number. Thus a virtual connection, also known as a virtual circuit or byte stream is provided to the end-user by a transport layer protocol, although intermediate network nodes only provides a connectionless network layer service.

Ans;-(c) In connectionless networks(based on datagram messages), each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers; it may also be labeled with the sequence number of the packet. This precludes the need for a dedicated path to help the packet find its way to its destination, but means that much more information is needed in the packet header, which is therefore larger, and this information needs to be looked up in power-hungry content-addressable memory. Each packet is dispatched and may go via different routes; potentially, the system has to do as much work for every packet as the connection-oriented system has to do in connection set-up, but with less information as to the application's requirements. At the destination, the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number. Thus a virtual connection, also known as a virtual circuit or byte stream is provided to the enduser by a transport layer protocol, although intermediate network nodes only provides a connectionless network layer service.

Max number of satellite hops allowed in voice communication is: a) only one b) more han one c) two hops d) four hops Ans c A 2MB PCM(pulse code modulation) has? a) 32 channels b) 30 voice channels & 1 signaling channel. c) 31 voice channels & 1 signaling channel. d) 32 channels out of which 30 voice channels, 1 signaling channel, & 1 synchronization channel.

Answers: Ans c Answer is D. A 2Mb PCM line has 32 channels out of which 30 voice channels, 1 signaling channel, & 1 synchronization channel(time slot 0).
ITS 30 VOICE CHANNELS, 1 SIGNALING CHANNEL AND I SYNC CHANNEL. It depends on what kind of signaling is used, for CAS its 30 Voice+1 S/g+1Sync for SS7 it can be 31 Voice + 1Sync (d) for pcm systems 30 channels for communtion , 1 for sync & 1 for signaling A 2Mb PCM(Pulse code Modulation) line has 32 channels out of which 30 voice channels, 1 signaling channel, & 1 synchronization channel.

2 MB means 64kbps*32 channel=2048Mbps 2 channel use for signaling basicaly 0 & 31 channel using .

How many T1 facilities the company needs between its office and the PSTN if it has 47 digital telephones, each operating at 64kbps: a. 3 low-speed video machines, each operating at 384kbps b. 1 interactive video system, requiring 1.536 mbps.

Need 4 T1's. Each T1 can accomodate 28 channels. >>47 digital channels

>>3 low speed V.machines at 384 kbps. =384/64=6channels >>1 interactive video systemat 1.536mbps. =153664=24 channels. So total=47+6+24=89 channels each T1 requires 1 synchronizing channel & 1 signalling channel. So 4 T1 requires 8 channels. Total=89+8=97 channels. 4T1's =112 channels-96 channels=15 channels(remains free)

"Each T1 can accomodate 28 channels." is wrong. For T1. there should have 23 channels except channel 0. For E1, there should have 30 channels except channel 0 and 16. So why did it say 28?

What action is taken when the processor under execution is interrupted by a non-maskable interrupt? a) Processor serves the interrupt request after completing the execution of the current instruction. b) Processor serves the interrupt request after completing the current task. c) Processor serves the interrupt request immediately. d) Processor serving the interrupt request depends upon the priority of the current task under execution. Ans: (a) The non maskable interrupts are used in very serious conditions like system crash so they can't be ignored and must be served first by the processor.
The non maskable interrupts are those interrupt which can be ignore by the microprocessor. so the correct ans is (a)Processor serves the interrupt request after completing the execution of the current instruction.

What is the nominal voltage required in subscriber loop connected to local exchange?a) +48 voltsb) 48 voltsc) 230 voltsd) 110 volts

+48 Volts

(b) - 48 volts. This -48 volts is required by the copper wires to prevent it from corroded & eluded. Answer to this question is -48 volts. Answer to this question is -48 volts. -48v.it prevent the copper wires from corroded Answer is -48v.In telecom we normally use dc voltage -48V

What is the type of signaling used between two exchanges? a) inband b) common channel signaling c) any of the above d) none of the above.

Ans: (a) Common Channel Signalling or CCSS7 is used between Telephone Exchanges. Inband signalling is used only in Private networks like CAS(Comon Channel Signalling.)

Conditional results after execution of an instruction in a micro processor is stored in? a) register b) accumulator c) flag register d) flag register part of PSW(Program Status Word) Ans: (d) What is Buffering a) the process of temporarily storing the data to allow for small variation in device speeds b) a method to reduce cross talks c) storage of data within transmitting medium until the receiver is ready to receive. d) a method to reduce routing overhead.

Ans: (a) the process of temporarily storing the data to allow for small variation in device speeds Storage of data within transmitting medium until the receiver is ready to receive. in my opinion the following procedure buffering follws so ans is c not a. The following procedure follows: 1. An alarm is written into the buffer. 2. The alarm is read from the buffer, sent, and re-sent until it successfully reaches the destination(receiver). 3. The alarm is removed from the buffer.

ans C) Buffer stores the data until it the receiver is ready to receive. Correct Answer is (a) the process of temporarily storing the data to allow for small variation in device speeds. Reasons: 1) Buffer is always temporary storage, there is a fixed time interval for which the data is stored to process or send in the case of failure to deliver in the fixed time that is discarded (there is no such a thing:Buffer stores the data until it the receiver is ready to receive). 2) There is a little ambiguity in the Question which i want to clear variation of device speed, device speed refers to the miss match of data rate of sending and receiving device. Buffers are always created where the speed mismatch is issue a sending device is sending fast but the receiving device having not same speed to process the data there we need data buffers to overcome the data loss (Due to speed mismatch). Option a) is very strong

What is a matrix?
It is a rectangular table of elements, which may be any abstract quantities that can be added an multiplied i.e m*n where m is row and n is columns. What equipment do I need in order to be able to access Broadband? you will need the following equipment to use broadband. # PC # Pentium 200Mhz and above # 32MB RAM and above # Four-speed CD-ROM player # Video card/display 800 x 600, 256 colours # 150MB free on your computers hard drive # Windows 98, 98SE, ME, 2000 Professional or XP. Macs are compatible with Broadband but are not supported by Global Telecom. # A USB port that can supply 500 ma (a rectangular port/plug approximately 12mm wide x 4mm high that allows you to plug in peripheral devices such as modems, printers, MP3 players, webcams etc.) why we use -48 ,-24 , -12 ,in GSM

-48 -24 -12 is a telecom standard and these are use -voltage because sky lighting destroy our equipment. this is the reason due to which we use i think Lightning is a major factor for this. Lightning carrier negative charges. So in order to save the BTS from the lightning and extra charges developed in the station we put these at negative voltage. 1. To prevent the equipments from lightning strokes. Because the cloud is negatively charged at bottom it requires a zero or a positive potential to discharge, and it selects the ground (Zero potential) to discharge. If the Telecom Equipments are fed with positive the cloud will choose the low resistance tallest positively charged Antenna's to discharge, this could damage the entire setup of Telecom equipments. So the Telecom equipments are fed with Negative supply Voltage. 2. The answer is cathodic protection. If you use +voltage, conductors carrying the positive voltage tends to corrode faster due to electrolysis. If you use -voltage, the conductors carrying the negative voltage is protected from corrosion.

Can I connect several computers to the Internet with Global Telecom Broadband? Yes you can. Some operating systems such as Windows XP allow multiple computers to share a single Internet connection however Global Telecom does not provide any technical assistance for networking your computers. What is the procedure if I want to move house? If you wish to move your Broadband service to another phone number or address please contact a member of our support team on (+44) 0800 027 5494 . NOTE: If you are moving to a property that has a different phone number for Broadband, the process of transferring this service could take up to 10 working days. However, if you are keeping your existing phone number this process could take up to 20 working days. There is no charge connected with moving your Broadband service to another premises or telephone number. What is Broadband?

Broadband is high speed Internet access. Unlike Dial-Up Internet, broadband is permanently connected and allows both Internet and telephone calls to take place simultaneously on the same land line. broadband is basically a modulation done on a signal for better transmission purpose.modulation means CHANGES MADE IN THE ORIGINAL SIGNAL!
broadband is packet service in which speed is alway more than 256kbps Broadband is a data digital transmission scheme that allows multiple signal to use up is bandwith of the media e.g Fiber optic cable. Broadband refers to telecommunication that provides multiple channels of data over a single communications medium, typically using some form of frequency or wave division multiplexing

What is a Broadband modem?

A Broadband modem is a small piece of hardware which allows you to connect to the Internet. This is essential in order to receive Broadband. We recommend using the Speedtouch 330 USB Modem with your Global Telecom Broadband Connection. How do I signup? You can sign up online by using our order form or by downloading the pdf form and faxing it to (+44) 08700 55 54 53. Alternatively you can call the Broadband Sales line on 0800 027 5494 between the hours of 9am and 5pm Monday to Friday. What is the procedure if I want to upgrade my Broadband account to a faster speed? You can upgrade your Broadband service anytime by contacting a member of our support team on (+44) 0800 027 5494. This process can take up to 4 working days. Who can I contact if I continue having problems with my Broadband service? You can contact us by telephone, email or letter. Please click here for our full contact details. What are the terms and conditions of using Global Telecom Broadband? The terms and conditions of our Broadband service can be viewed here. When a C function call is made, the order in which parameters passed to the function are pushed into the stack is: a) left to right b) right to left c) bigger variables are moved first than the smaller variales. d) smaller variables are moved first than the bigger ones. e) none of the above. Ans: (b) Why can I get the 512k service but not the 1Mb or 8Mb Broadband service?

There could be several reasons why you may not be able to get 1Mb or 8Mb broadband connections on your line; you may live too far from the internet exchange, the quality of your telephone line may not be good enough, or the line capacity may not allow you to receive a higher connection speed. Unfortunately there is not a solution if you live too far from the exchange or if your line quality is not good enough. the connection speed is divided by 32 when it reaches you . so a 512 kbps connection would give u a max speed of 32kb/s. The speed of the connection type you choose is depend upon the per head ratio.Suppose your connection plan is of 2 mbps and per head ratio is 1:8,then the speed is divided into(also called Bandwidth)is divided in 8 such user at time,and is distributed into 8 different users.And your speed will be around 250 kbps.

Line of sight is: a) Straight Line b) Parabolic c) Tx & Rx should be visible to each other d) none of the above

Ans: (c) The line of sight is the distance or the path up to which the the TX and the RX is visible to each other because for the proper transmission there should be a ink or connectivity b/w the TX and the RX e.g. at the RF transmision the microwave links are required for the connectivity and data transmission. The line of sight is nothing but straight path joining the transmitter and the receiver. It is so called because the transmitter is visible from the receiver side and viceverssa. straight line