The Elements Of Memory

By Warren Hilton
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Table Of Contents
Preface........................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1 The Ele ent! "f #e ory.......................................... $ Chapter 2 The #ental Trea!ure %ault &n' (t! )o!t Co bination.................................................................................. *
What E+eryone Thin,!.............................................................................* Cau!e! of -orgetfulne!!............................................................................* .eeing /ith 0Half an Eye0.........................................................................* The #an on Broa'/ay..............................................................................1 Wa2en Tablet!..........................................................................................3 4ot Ho/5 but Ho/ #uch.........................................................................3 6e e bering the 7npercei+e'...............................................................8 .pea,ing a -orgotten Tongue.................................................................19 )i+ing Pa!t E2perience! "+er &gain.......................................................11 The 0-la!h of (n!piration0......................................................................12 The Totality of 6etention........................................................................12 Po!!ibilitie! of .elf-:i!co+ery.................................................................1; 0&cre! of :ia on'!0...............................................................................14

Chapter ; The #echani!

"f 6ecall........................................ 1$

The 6ight .ti ulu!.................................................................................1$ 0Co ple2e!0 of E2perience.....................................................................1$ The Thrill of 6ecollection.......................................................................1* 0Co ple2e!0 an' -unctional :erange ent!.........................................1* &uto atically Wor,ing #ental #echani! !........................................ 1* T/o Cla!!e! of 0Co ple2e!0...................................................................11

Chapter 4 The )a/! "f 6ecall.................................................. 18

What "r'inary 0Thin,ing0 & ount! to.................................................18 The 6e+er!e of Co ple2 -or ation......................................................29 Proli2ity an' Ter!ene!!..........................................................................29 The )a/ of Contiguity............................................................................29 )a/! of Habit an' (nten!ity...................................................................21 &pplication! to &'+erti!ing....................................................................21 Effect of 6epetition!...............................................................................22 6atio of .i<e to %alue..............................................................................2;

Chapter $ The .cience of -orgetting........................................ 24

The .,ille' &rti!an.................................................................................24 Ho/ the &ttention Wor,!......................................................................24 (ron -iling! an' #ental #agnet!...........................................................2$ The Co part ent of .ubcon!ciou! -orgetfulne!!................................2$ #a,ing E2perience Count......................................................................2*

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Ho/ Habit! &re -or e'........................................................................2*

Chapter * The -allacy "f #o!t #e ory .y!te !...................23

Practice in #e ori<ing (na'e=uate.......................................................23 Torture of the :rill.................................................................................23 6eal Cau!e of -ailing #e ory...............................................................28 The #anufacture' (ntere!t....................................................................;9 #e ory )ure of a :e!ire........................................................................;9

Chapter 1 & .cientific #e ory .y!te

-or Bu!ine!! .ucce!!.;1

0Cra ing0 an' 0Willing0.....................................................................;1 Ba!ic Principle of Thought-6epro'uction............................................. ;1 #etho'! of Pic,......................................................................................;2 .cientific Pe'agogy.................................................................................;2 Ho/ to 6e e ber 4a e!.....................................................................;; -i+e E2erci!e! for :e+eloping "b!er+ation...........................................;4 (n+ention an' Thought-#e ory...........................................................;$ Ho/ to Co pel 6ecollection..................................................................;1 -or ation of Correct #e ory Habit!...................................................;1 4"W>......................................................................................................;3 Per!i!tence5 &ccuracy5 :i!patch............................................................;3 #e ory .ign! an' To,en!.....................................................................;8 The #ental Co bination 6e+eale'.......................................................;8

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"It's

a poor sort of memory that only works backwards"

- Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll, Ch !, "ool and "ater

Preface
#e ory i! !o ething /e 'on?t thin, about. & failing i pact our li+e!. (t !tart! /ith earlier. (f you a!pire to !trenthen your co+er ti ele!! techni=ue! fro to i pro+e your e ory5 loo, no further. Thi! eBoo, /ill the early nineteenth century to enable you i!placing your ,ey!5 forgetting /here you par,e' your car5 o ent! e ory negati+ely

an' then forgetting people?! na e! you?+e @u!t been intro'uce' to

e ory that !till /or,!5 e+en to'ay.

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Chapter 1 The Elements Of Memory

MEMORY can be con!i'ere' your brain?! ability to !tore5 retain5 an' !ub!e=uently recall infor ation. Aou con!i'er to ha+e an e2cellent We?ll loo, at certain ay ,no/ of people /ho you ay be !lightly en+iou!. e ory an' you

ental principle! an' proce!!e!5 na ely5 tho!e of e'iate practical utility. in' to un'er!tan' a ay be a/are of the !en!ory in' ac=uire! it!

6etention5 &!!ociation an' 6ecall. (nci'entally5 a! /ith any infor ation5 it contain! !o e fact! an' in!truction! of i

But pri arily it i! inten'e' to help prepare your !cientific !y!te for !ucce!!-achie+e ent. Aou percepti+e an' @u'icial proce!!e! by /hich your ,no/le'ge of the out!i'e /orl'. Thi! eBoo, /ill touch on the pheno enon of /hich your 'rea ! in' retain! an'

e ory5 the in!tru ent by

a,e! u!e of it! ,no/le'ge5 the agency that

ha! po/er to re!urrect the burie' pa!t or po/er to enfol' u! in a Para'i!e of ore perfect than reality. e ory i! the faculty of the in' by /hich /e:

(n the broa'e!t !en!e5 1. 6etain 2. 6ecall ;. Picture to the

in'?! eye

4. 6ecogni<e pa!t e2perience! .o a! /e can !ee5 1. 6etention 2. 6ecall ;. ( agination 4. 6ecognition e ory actually in+ol+e! four ele ent!:

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Chapter 2 The Mental Treasure Vault And Its Lost Comb nat on

!hat E"eryone Th n#s &l o!t e+eryone !ee ! to thin, that /e retain tho!e thing! that /e can +oluntarily recallB that li ite' to the po/er of +oluntary repro'uction. Thi! i! a profoun' error. (t i! an ine2cu!able error. The 'aily paper! an' tabloi'! are con!tantly reporting ca!e! of the lap!e an' re!toration of e ory that contain all the ele ent! of un'erlying truth on thi! !ub@ect. Causes of $or%etfulness (t i! plain enough that the e ory !ee ! 'eci'e'ly li ite' in it! !cope. e orie! in the in' only5

e ory5 in other /or'!5 i!

Thi! i! becau!e our po/er of +oluntary recall i! 'eci'e'ly li ite'. But it 'oe! not follo/ !i ply becau!e /e are /ithout the po/er to 'eliberately recall certain e2perience! that all e2perience! i! lo!t to u!. Tho!e e2perience! that /e are unable to recall are tho!e that /e 'i!regar'e' /hen they occurre' becau!e they po!!e!!e' no !pecial intere!t for u!. They are there5 but no po/er to a/a,en the ental a!!ociation! or connection! /ith ha+e ari!en in con!ciou!ne!!. ental trace! of tho!e

&ee n% ' th ()alf an Eye( Thing! are continually happening all aroun' u!. Ho/e+er5 /e !ee /ith 0half an eye.0 They are in the 0fringe0 of our con!ciou!ne!!5 an' /e 'eliberately ignore the . #any ore thing! co e to u! in the for of !en!ean' i pre!!ion! that cry out to our !en!e-organ!5 but no effort of the /ill i! nee'e' to ignore the . We are ab!olutely i per+iou! to the

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uncon!ciou! of the

becau!e by the !election of our life intere!t! /e ha+e

clo!e' the 'oor! again!t the . (n either ca!e5 /hether in the 0fringe0 of con!ciou!ne!! or entirely out!i'e of con!ciou!ne!!5 the!e unpercei+e' !en!ation! /ill be foun' to be !en!ory i age! that ha+e no connection /ith the pre!ent !ub@ect of thought. They therefore attract5 an' /e !pare the 5 no part of our attention. Cu!t a! each of our in'i+i'ual !en!e-organ! !elect! fro the ultitu'e of

ether +ibration! con!tantly beating upon the !urface of the bo'y only tho!e /a+e! to the +elocity of /hich it i! attune'5 !o each one of u! a! an integral per!onality !elect! fro the !trea of !en!ory e2perience! only tho!e particular ob@ect! of attention that are in !o e /ay relate' to the pre!ent or habitual tren' of thought.

The Man on *road'ay Cu!t con!i'er for a o ent the countle!! nu ber an' +ariety of

i pre!!ion! that a!!ail the eye an' ear of the 4e/ Aor,er /ho /al,! 'o/n Broa'/ay in a bu!y hour of the 'ay. But ho/ often 'oe! he pay the !lighte!t attention to /hat?! going on. He i! in the i'!t of !oun' al o!t e=ual to the roar of 4iagara -all! an' he 'oe! not ,no/ it. "b!er+e ho/ any ob@ect! are right no/ in the corner of your in'?! eye a!

being /ithin the !cope of your +i!ion /hile your entire attention i! apparently ab!orbe' in the!e line!. Aou !ee the!e other thing!5 an' you can loo, bac, an' reali<e that you ha+e !een the 5 but you /ere not a/are of the at the ti e.

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)et t/o people /ith 'ifferent ta!te! ta,e a 'ay?! outing together. Both co e bac, /ith an entirely 'ifferent tale to tell of the 'ay?! a'+enture!.

ay

ha+e 'uring the 'ay practically i'entical !en!ory i age!B but each one /ill

!a+en Tablets &ll !en!ory i pre!!ion!5 !o eho/ or other5 lea+e their faint i pre!! on the /a2en tablet! of the Cu!t /here an' ho/ the cell! of the brain. They are5 ho/e+er5 nothing but theorie!5 an' the brain5 a! the organ of the ne+er been 'i!co+ere'. #icro!copic anato y ha! ne+er reache' the point /here it coul' i'entify a particular 0i'ea0 /ith any one 0cell0 or other part of the brain. anner in /hich the in'. -e/ are or can be +oluntarily recalle'. e orie! are retaine' i! a y!tery. There are theorie!

that repre!ent !en!ory e2perience! a! actual phy!iological 0i pre!!ion!0 on

in'5 ,eep! it! recor' of !en!ory e2perience! ha!

,ot )o'- but )o' Much -or u!5 the i portant =ue!tion i! not ho/5 but ho/ uchB not the anner

in /hich5 but the e2tent to /hich5 !en!ory i pre!!ion! are re!er+e'. 4o/5 all the e+i'ence! in'icate that ab!olutely e+ery i pre!!ion recei+e' upon the !en!oriu i! in'elibly recor'e' in the in'?! !ub!tance.

& fe/ in!tance! /ill !er+e to illu!trate the re ar,able po/er of retention of the hu an .ir Willia in'. Ha ilton =uote! the follo/ing fro Coleri'ge?! 0)iteraria

Biographia0: 0& young /o an of 24 or 2$5 /ho coul' neither rea' nor /rite5 /a! !ei<e' /ith a ner+ou! fe+er5 'uring /hich5 accor'ing to the

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a!!e+eration! of all the prie!t! an'

on,! of the neighborhoo'5 !he beca e

?po!!e!!e'5? an'5 a! it appeare'5 by a +ery learne' 'e+il. .he continue' ince!!antly tal,ing )atin5 Dree, an' Hebre/ in +ery po pou! tone!5 an' /ith o!t 'i!tinct enunciation. her o/n outh5 an' /ere

.heet! full of her ra+ing! /ere ta,en 'o/n fro

foun' to con!i!t of !entence! coherent an' intelligible each for it!elf but /ith little or no connection /ith each other. "f the Hebre/5 a ! all portion only coul' be trace' to the BibleB the re ain'er !ee e' to be in the 6abbinical 'ialect.0

.emember n% the /nperce "ed The ca!e /a! in+e!tigate' by a phy!ician5 /ho learne' that the girl ha' been a /aif an' ha' been ta,en in charge by a Prote!tant clergy an /hen !he /a! nine year! ol' an' brought up a! hi! !er+ant. Thi! clergy an ha' for year! been in the habit of /al,ing up an' 'o/n a pa!!age of hi! hou!e into /hich the ,itchen 'oor opene' an' at the !a e ti e rea'ing to hi !elf in a lou' +oice fro hi! fa+orite boo,.

& con!i'erable nu ber of the!e boo,! /ere !till in the po!!e!!ion of hi! niece5 /ho tol' the phy!ician that her uncle ha' been a +ery learne' an' an acco pli!he' !tu'ent of Hebre/. & ong the boo,! /ere foun' a collection of 6abbinical /riting!5 together /ith !e+eral of the Dree, an' )atin father!B an' the phy!ician !uccee'e' in i'entifying !o any pa!!age! in the!e boo,! /ith tho!e ta,en 'o/n at the be'-!i'e of the young /o an that there coul' be no 'oubt a! to the true origin of her learne' ra+ing!. an

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4o/5 the !tri,ing feature of all thi!5 it /ill be ob!er+e'5 i! the fact that the !ub@ect /a! an illiterate !er+ant-girl to /ho of the 5 that !he ha' no i'ea of their been i pre!!e' upon her engage' in her 'utie! in her the Dree,5 )atin an' Hebre/ =uotation! /ere utterly unintelligible5 that nor ally !he ha' no recollection eaning5 an' finally that they ha' in' /ithout her ,no/le'ge /hile !he /a! a!ter?! ,itchen.

.e+eral ca!e! are reporte' by :r. &bercro bie5 an' =uote' by Profe!!or Hy!lop5 in /hich 'i!ea!e. 0& ental i pre!!ion! long !ince forgotten beyon' the po/er of +oluntary recall ha+e been re+i+e' by the !hoc, of acci'ent or an50 he !ay!5 0 entione' by #r. &bernethy5 ha' been born in any -rance5 but ha' !pent the greater part of hi! life in Englan'5 an'5 for year!5 ha' entirely lo!t the habit of !pea,ing -rench. But /hen un'er the care of #r. &bernethy5 on account of the effect! of an in@ury to the hea'5 he al/ay! !po,e -rench.0

&pea# n% a $or%otten Ton%ue 0& !i ilar ca!e occurre' in .t. Tho a! Ho!pital5 of a an /ho /a! in a

!tate of !tupor in con!e=uence of an in@ury to the hea'. "n hi! partial reco+ery he !po,e a language /hich nobo'y in the ho!pital un'er!too' but /hich /a! !oon a!certaine' to be Wel!h. (t /a! then 'i!co+ere' that he ha' been thirty year! ab!ent fro forgotten hi! nati+e language. 0& la'y entione' by :r. Pritchar'5 /hen in a !tate of 'eliriu 5 !po,e a Wale!5 an'5 before the acci'ent5 ha' entirely

language /hich nobo'y about her un'er!too'5 but /hich /a! after/ar' 'i!co+ere' to be Wel!h. 4one of her frien'! coul' for any conception of the anner in /hich !he uch in=uiry5 it /a!

ha' beco e ac=uainte' /ith that languageB but5 after

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'i!co+ere' that in her chil'hoo' !he ha' a nur!e5 a nati+e of a 'i!trict on the coa!t of Brittany5 the 'ialect of /hich i! clo!ely analogou! to Wel!h. The la'y at that ti e learne' a goo' 'eal of thi! 'ialect but ha' entirely forgotten it for any year! before thi! attac, of fe+er.0

L " n% Past E+per ences O"er A%a n :r. Carpenter relate! the follo/ing inci'ent in hi! 0#ental Phy!iology0: 0.e+eral year! ago5 the 6e+. .. #an!ar'5 no/ rector of Bethnal Dreen5 /a! 'oing clerical 'uty for a ti e at Hur!t onceau25 in .u!!e2B an' /hile there he one 'ay /ent o+er /ith a party of frien'! to Pe+en!ey Ca!tle5 /hich he 'i' not re e ber to ha+e e+er pre+iou!ly +i!ite'. &! he approache' the gate/ay he beca e con!ciou! of a +ery +i+i' i pre!!ion of ha+ing !een it beforeB an' he ?!ee e' to hi !elf to !ee? not only the gate/ay it!elf5 but 'on,ey! beneath the arch an' people on top of it. Hi! con+iction that he u!t ha+e +i!ite' the ca!tle on !o e for er

occa!ion--although he ha' neither the !lighte!t re e brance of !uch a +i!it nor any ,no/le'ge of ha+ing e+er been in the neighborhoo' pre+iou!ly to hi! re!i'ence at Hur!t onceau2-- a'e hi coul' thro/ any light on the .he tol' hi eighteen hi atter. in=uire fro hi! other if !he

that being in that part of the country5 /hen he /a! only onth! ol'5 !he ha' gone o+er /ith a large party an' ha' ta,en

in the pannier of a 'on,eyB that the el'er! of the party5 ha+ing brought belo/5 /hil!t he ha' been left on the groun' /ith the

lunch /ith the 5 ha' eaten it on the roof of the gate/ay5 /here they /oul' ha+e been !een fro atten'ant! an' 'on,ey!.0

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0&n (talian gentle an50 !ay! :r. 6u!h5 of Phila'elphia5 0/ho 'ie' of yello/ fe+er in 4e/ Aor,5 in the beginning of hi! illne!! !po,e Engli!h5 in the i''le of it -rench5 but on the 'ay of hi! 'eath only (talian.0 .tri,ing a! the!e in!tance! are5 they are not unu!ual. E+eryone on reflection can !upply !i ilar in!tance!. Who a ong u! ha! not at one ti e or another been i pre!!e' /ith a y!teriou! feeling of ha+ing at !o e ti e in the pa!t gone through the i'entical e2perience /hich he i! li+ing no/E

The ($lash of Insp rat on( "n !uch occa!ion! the !en!e of fa iliarity i! !o eti e! !o per!i!tent a! to fill one /ith a !trange feeling of the !upernatural an' to incline our to the belief in a reincarnation. The 0fla!h of in!piration0 /hich5 for the la/yer5 !ol+e! a no+el legal i!!ue ari!ing in the trial of a ca!e5 or5 for the !urgeon5 !ee! hi forgotten learning of pa!t e2perience an' !tu'y. !ucce!!fully through the e ergencie! of a 'elicate operation5 ha! it! origin in the in'!

The Total ty of .etent on .uccee'ing boo,! in thi! Cour!e /ill bring to light nu erou! other fact! le!! co only ob!er+e'5 'ra/n in'ee' fro the !tu'y of abnor al ental !tate!5 in'icating that /e retain a great +olu e of !en!e-i pre!!ion! of /ho!e +ery recor'ing /e are at the ti e una/are. (n other /or'!5 all the e+i'ence! point to the ab!olute totality of our retention of all !en!ory e2perience!. They in'icate that e+ery !en!ei pre!!ion you e+er recei+e'5 /hether you actually percei+e' an' /ere con!ciou! of it or not5 ha! been retaine' an' pre!er+e' in your an' can be 0brought to calling it into !er+ice. in'0 /hen you un'er!tan' the proper e ory5 etho' of

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& +a!t /ealth of fact! i! !tore' in the trea!ure +ault! of your

in'5 but there

are certain inner co part ent! to /hich you ha+e lo!t the co bination.

Poss b l t es of &elf01 sco"ery The author of 0Thought! on Bu!ine!!0 !ay!: 0(t i! a great 'ay in a are greater than he reali<e!5 an' he the . & an ay o/n acre! of lan' for any year! /ithout ,no/ing it! +alue. He ining an' pro!pecting ay fin' the an?! life an

/hen he truly begin! to 'i!co+er hi !elf. The latent capacitie! of e+ery

if he 'iligently !ee,! for

ay thin, of it a!

erely a pa!ture. But one 'ay he 'i!co+er! e+i'ence! of

coal an' fin'! a rich +ein beneath hi! lan'. While for coal he 'i!co+er! 'epo!it! of granite.

(n boring for /ater he !tri,e! oil. )ater he 'i!co+er! a +ein of copper ore5 an' after that !il+er an' gol'. The!e thing! /ere there all the ti e--e+en /hen he thought of hi! lan' erely a! a pa!ture. But they ha+e a +alue only /hen they are 'i!co+ere' an' utili<e'.0 04ot e+ery pa!ture contain! 'epo!it! of !il+er an' gol'5 neither oil nor granite5 nor e+en coal. But beneath the !urface of e+ery 'i!co+ere'. &n' one 'i!co+ery u!t lea' to another until the an fin'! the 'eep /ealth en /ho 'i!co+ere' an /ho an there u!t be5 in the nature of thing!5 a latent capacity greater than ha! yet been

of hi! o/n po!!ibilitie!. Hi!tory i! full of the act! of fully 'i!co+ere' all that he ight ha+e been.0

!o e/hat of their o/n capacityB but hi!tory ha! yet to recor' the

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(Acres of 1 amonds( Aou /ho are a bit +ain of your +i!it! to other lan'!5 your /i'e rea'ing5 your e2perience of en an' thing!B you /ho !ecretly la ent that !o little of /hat y!tic for ula that !hall re+eal the you ha+e !een an' rea' re ain! /ith you5 behol'5 your 0acre! of 'ia on'!0 are /ithin you5 nee'ing but the trea!ure>

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Chapter 2 The Mechan sm Of .ecall

The . %ht &t mulus .o eho/5 !o e/here5 all e2perience!5 /hether !ub@ect to +oluntary recall or not5 are pre!er+e'5 an' are capable of repro'uction /hen the right !ti ulu! co e! along. &n' it i! a la/ that tho!e e2perience! /hich are a!!ociate' /ith each other5 /hether i'ea!5 e otion! or +oluntary or in+oluntary beco e boun' together into !y!te !. u!cular o+e ent!5 ten' to beco e boun' together into group!5 an' the!e group! ten' to

(Comple+es( of E+per ence .uch a !y!te 0co ple2.0 Pay particular attention to the!e 'efinition!5 a! 0group!0 of i'ea! an' 0co ple2e!0 of i'ea!5 e otion! an' !hall con!tantly e ploy. Aou learne' in a for er le!!on that ental e2perience! ay con!i!t not e ory u!cular o+e ent! are ter ! that /e of a!!ociate' group! of e2perience! i! technically ,no/n a! a

only of !en!e-perception! ba!e' on e2cite ent! ari!ing in the u!cular o+e ent! ba!e' on !ti uli ari!ing in the

ner+e!5 but al!o of bo'ily e otion!5 the 0feeling tone!0 of i'ea!5 an' of otor ner+e!.

Droup! con!i!t5 therefore5 not only of a!!ociate' i'ea!5 but of a!!ociate' i'ea! couple' /ith their e otional =ualitie! an' i pul!e! to o+e ent!. u!cular

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&ll group! boun' together by a 0co ple2.0 E+ery

utually relate' i'ea con!titute a !ingle

e ory you ha+e i! an illu!tration of !uch 0co ple2e!.0

The Thr ll of .ecollect on .uppo!e5 for e2a ple5 you once gaine' !ucce!! in a bu!ine!! 'eal. Aour recollection of the other per!on! concerne' in that tran!action5 of any one 'etail in the tran!action it!elf5 /ill be acco panie' by the fa!ter heartbeat5 the =uic,ene' circulation of the bloo'5 the feeling of triu ph an' elation that atten'e' the original e2perience.

(Comple+es( and $unct onal 1eran%ements Co ple2e! for e' out of harro/ing earth=ua,e!5 robberie!5 ur'er! or

other 'rea'ful !pectacle!5 /hich /ere originally acco panie' on the part of the onloo,er by tre bling5 per!piration an' palpitation of the heart5 /hen li+e' o+er again in acti+itie!. Aour pallor that e ory5 are again acco panie' by all the!e bo'ily e ory of a hairbrea'th e!cape /ill bring to your chee, the

ar,e' it /hen the inci'ent occurre'. any

The for ation an' e2i!tence of 0co ple2e!0 e2plain! the origin of

functional 'i!ea!e! of the bo'y--that i! to !ay5 'i!ea!e! in+ol+ing no lo!! or 'e!truction of ti!!ue5 but con!i!ting !i ply in a failure on the part of !o e bo'ily organ to perfor it! allotte' function naturally an' effecti+ely.

Automat cally !or# n% Mental Mechan sms

Thu!5 in hay fe+er or 0ro!e col'0 the tear!5 the infla

ation of the

e brane! of the no!e5 the cough5 the other trying !y pto !5 all are lin,e' /ith the !ight of a ro!e5 or 'u!t5 or !unlight5 or !o e other out!i'e fact to /hich attention ha! been calle' a! the cau!e of hay fe+er5 into a co ple25 0an auto atically /or,ing echani! .0

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&n' the +ali'ity of thi! e2planation of the regular recurrence of attac,! of thi! 'i!ea!e i! !ufficiently 'e on!trate' by the fact that a paper ro!e i! li,ely to pro+e @u!t a! effecti+e in pro'ucing all the !y pto ! of the 'i!ea!e a! a ro!e out of 4ature?! gar'en. &nother !tri,ing illu!tration of the /or,ing of thi! principle i! affor'e' by t/o gentle en of y ac=uaintance5 brother!5 each of /ho !ince boyhoo' orning. ha! ha' unfailing attac,! of !nee<ing upon fir!t ari!ing in the 4o !ooner i! one of the!e or t/enty

en a/a,e an' !eate' upon the e'ge of hi! be'

for 're!!ing than he begin! to !nee<e5 an' he continue! to !nee<e for fifteen inute! thereafter5 although he ha! no 0col'0 an' ne+er !nee<e! at any other ti e.

T'o Classes of (Comple+es( "b+iou!ly5 if ab!olutely all ental e2perience! are pre!er+e'5 they con!i!t ental

altogether of t/o broa' cla!!e! of co ple2e!: fir!t5 tho!e that are o entarily acti+e in con!ciou!ne!!5 for ing part of the pre!ent are not at the pre!ent o ent before the in'?! eye. picture5 an'5 !econ'5 all the other!--that i! to !ay5 all pa!t e2perience! that

There are5 then5 con!ciou! co ple2e! an' !ubcon!ciou! co ple2e!5 co ple2e! of con!ciou!ne!! an' co ple2e! of !ubcon!ciou!ne!!. The Subconscious Storehouse &n' of the co ple2e! of !ubcon!ciou!ne!!5 !o e are far ore rea'ily

recalle' than other!. .o e are fore+er popping into one?! thought!5 /hile other! can be brought to the light of con!ciou!ne!! only by !o e unu!ual an' 'eep-probing !ti ulu!. &n' the hu an in' i! a +a!t !torehou!e of

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-13-

co ple2e!5 far the greater part burie' in !ubcon!ciou!ne!!5 yet !o eho/5 li,e i pre!!ion! on the /a2 cylin'er of a phonograph5 pre!er+e' /ith lifeli,e truth an' clearne!!. Turn bac, for a o ent to our 'efinition of e ory. Aou /ill ob!er+e that

it! !econ' e!!ential ele ent i! 6ecall. 6ecall i! the proce!! by /hich the e2perience! of the pa!t are !u fro the re!er+oir of the !ubcon!ciou! into the light of pre!ent con!ciou!ne!!. We nece!!arily touche' upon thi! proce!! in a pre+iou! boo,5 in con!i'ering the )a/! of &!!ociation5 but here5 in relation to !hall go into the atter !o e/hat ore analytically. e ory5 /e one'

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-18-

Chapter 3 The La's Of .ecall

)a/ (. The pri ary la/ of recall i! thi!: The recurrence or !ti ulation of one ele ent in a co ple2 ten'! to recall all the other!. (n our e2planation of 0co ple20 for ation /e nece!!arily cite' in!tance! that illu!trate thi! principle a! /ell5 !ince recall i! operation fro erely a re+er!e that in+ol+e' in 0co ple20 for ation.

!hat Ord nary (Th n# n%( Amounts to -or e2a ple5 in running through a boo, ( co e upon a flo/er pre!!e' bet/een it! page!. &t once the e ory of the frien' /ho ga+e it to e !pring! into con!ciou!ne!! an' beco e! the !ub@ect of re ini!cence. Thi! recall! the tran!for ountain +illage /here /e la!t et. Thi! recall! the fact

that a railroa' /a! at the ti e un'er proce!! of con!truction5 /hich !houl' the +illage into a popular re!ort. y co ing trip to the !ea!hore5 an' ( a re in'e' of

Thi! in turn !ugge!t!

a bu!ine!! appoint ent on /hich

y ability to lea+e to/n on the appointe'

'ay 'epen'!. &n' !o on in'efinitely. -ar the greater part of your !ucce!!i+e !tate! of con!ciou!ne!!5 or e+en of your or'inary 0thin,ing50 co only !o-calle'5 con!i!t! of train! of ental picture! 0!ugge!te'0 one by another. (f the a!!ociate' picture! are of the e+ery'ay type5 co you ha+e a pro!aic or uni=ue5 you are happily po!!e!!e' of /it an' fancy. on to e+eryone5

in'B if5 on the other han'5 the a!!ociation! are unu!ual

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-29-

The .e"erse of Comple+ $ormat on The!e in!tance! of the action of the )a/ of 6ecall illu!trate but one pha!e of it! acti+ity. They !ho/ !i ply that group! of i'ea! are !o !trung together on the !tring of !o e co on ele ent that the acti+ity of one 0group0 in con!ciou!ne!! i! apt to be auto atically follo/e' by the other!. But the la/ of a!!ociation goe! 'eeper than thi!. (t enter! into the acti+ity of e+ery in'i+i'ual group5 an' cau!e! all the ele ent! of e+ery group5 i'ea!5 e otion! an' i pul!e! to o+e ent!5 to be !i ultaneou!ly anife!te'. u!cular

Prol + ty and Terseness There i! no principle to /hich /e !hall "ur e2planation of hay fe+er a principle clearly in your you can your!elf !upply fro .o far a! the other!. (t fin'! it! e2tre e e2e plar in the type of inci'ent /ithout reciting all the proli2 an' ti e /an'ering far fro i'ea. The La' of Cont %u ty )a/ ((. .i ilarity an' nearne!! in ti e or !pace bet/een t/o e2periential fact! cau!e! the thought of one to ten' to recall the thought of the other. an /ho can ne+er relate an inute 'etail! an' at the !a e ore continually refer than thi! one. eaning. Det the any in!tance! of it! operation

o ent ago illu!trate! our

in'5 an' !ee ho/

your o/n 'aily e2perience.

ere lin,ing together of group! of i'ea! i! concerne'5 thi!

cla!!ifying =uality i! 'e+elope' in !o e per!on! to a greater 'egree than in

the original !ub@ect in pur!uit of e+ery !ugge!te'

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-21-

Thi! i! the &!!ociati+e )a/ of Contiguity con!i'ere' fro

the !tan'point of

recall. The point! of contiguity are 'ifferent for 'ifferent in'i+i'ual!. .i ilaritie! an' nearne!!e! /ill a/a,en all !ort! of a!!ociate' group! of i'ea! in one per!on that are not at all e2citable in the !a e /ay in another /ho!e e2perience! ha+e been 'ifferent. )a/ (((. The greater the fre=uency an' inten!ity of any gi+en e2perience5 the greater the ea!e an' li,elihoo' of it! repro'uction an' recall.

La's of )ab t and Intens ty Thi! e2plain! /hy certain group! in any co ple2 are before other!5 /hy !o e arri+e but tar'ily or not at all. Thi! i! ho/ the a!!ociati+e )a/! of Habit an' (nten!ity affect the po/er of recall. ore rea'ily recalle'

than other!--/hy !o e leap forth unbi''en5 /hy !o e co e ne2t an'

Appl cat ons to Ad"ert s n% There i! no 'epart ent of bu!ine!! to /hich the application of the!e )a/! of 6ecall i! !o apparent a! the 'epart ent of a'+erti!ing. The carefully /or'e' an' be!t-illu!trate' a'+erti!e ent an' !i<e of !pace are un'er!too'. The a'+erti!er! in etropolitan ne/!paper! an' aga<ine! of large o!t e'iu ay fail to pay it! co!t

unle!! the un'erlying principle! of choice of po!ition5 !election of

circulation are the one! /ho ha+e be reache'5 it i! /ell to bear in

o!t at !ta,e. But /hate+er the fiel' to

in' certain fact! ba!e' on the )a/! of

6ecall that ha+e been e!tabli!he' by p!ychological e2peri ent.

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-22-

#o!t a'+erti!er! ha+e a general i'ea that certain relati+e po!ition! on the ne/!paper or aga<ine page are to be preferre' o+er other!5 but they ha+e no conception of the real 'ifference! in relati+e recall +alue. When the great co!t of !pace in large publication! i! con!i'ere' the financial +alue of !uch ,no/le'ge i! e+i'ent. By a great nu ber of te!t! the relati+e recall +alue of e+ery part of the ne/!paper page ha! been appro2i ately 'eter ine'. (t ha! been foun'5 for e2a ple5 that a gi+en !pace at the upper right-han' corner of the page ha! ore than t/ice the +alue of the !a e a ount of !pace in the lo/er lefthan' corner.

Effect of .epet t ons #any a'+erti!er! a'opt the policy of repeating full-page a'+erti!e ent! at long inter+al! in!tea' of a'+erti!ing in a ! all /ay continually. )aboratory te!t! ha+e !ho/n5 on the contrary5 that a =uarter-page a'+erti!e ent appearing in four !ucce!!i+e i!!ue! of a ne/!paper i! fifty per cent ore effecti+e than a full-page a'+erti!e ent appearing only once.

(t 'oe! not follo/5 ho/e+er5 that an eighth-page a'+erti!e ent repeate' eight ti e! i! corre!pon'ingly co!t. There are5 of cour!e5 o'ifying con'ition!5 !uch a! !pecial !ale! of a,e it ore effecti+eB for belo/ a certain relati+e uch ore rapi'ly than the !i<e the +alue of an a'+erti!e ent 'ecrea!e!

'epart ent !tore!5 /here occa!ional 'i!play! an' announce ent! a'+erti!ing i! not of thi! character.

'e!irable to u!e either full page!5 or e+en 'ouble page!5 but the great bul, of

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-2;-

.at o of & 4e to Value E+ery year in the 7nite' .tate! alone !i2 hun're' e2pen'e' in a'+erti!ing the !ale of co illion! of 'ollar! are o!t part

o'itie!5 an' for the

e2pen'e' in a hapha<ar'5 e2peri ental an' un!cientific /ay. The in+e!t ent of thi! +a!t !u /ith ri!, of perhap! total lo!!5 or e+en

po!!ible in@ury5 through the faulty con!truction or i proper placing of a'+erti!e ent! !houl' !ti ulate the intere!t of e+ery a'+erti!er in the /or, that p!ychologi!t! ha+e 'one an' are 'oing to/ar' the accu ulation of a bo'y of e2act ,no/le'ge on thi! !ub@ect.

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-24-

Chapter 5 The &c ence of $or%ett n%

The &# lled Art san &ttention i! the in!tru entality through /hich the )a/! of 6ecall operate. Wittingly or un/ittingly5 con!ciou!ly or uncon!ciou!ly5 e+ery attention !/ing! in auto atic obe'ience to the )a/! of 6ecall. &ttention i! the arti!an that5 bit by bit5 an' /ith lightning =uic,ne!!5 con!truct! the o!aic of con!ciou!ne!!. an?!

Ha+ing the /hole +a!t !tore of all pre!ent an' pa!t e2perience! to 'ra/ upon5 he !elect! only tho!e group! an' tho!e i!olate' in!tance! that are relate' to our general intere!t! an' ai !. He 'i!regar'! other!.

)o' the Attent on !or#s The attention operate! in a 'i!!ociation. Aou choo!e5 for e2a ple5 a certain ai 'eter ine! t/o thing!. -ir!t5 it 'eter ine! @u!t /hich of the !en!ory e2perience! of any gi+en o ent are o!t li,ely to be !electe' for your con!ciou! perception. o!t .econ'ly5 it 'eter ine! @u!t /hich of your pa!t e2perience! /ill be li,ely to be recalle'. .uch a choice5 in other /or'!5 'eter ine! to !o e e2tent the !ort of ele ent! that /ill o!t probably be !electe' to a,e up at any o ent the content! of your con!ciou!ne!!. in life. Aou 'eci'e to beco e the anner co ple entary to the general )a/! of

6ecall. (t i! an acti+e principle not of a!!ociation5 but of

in+entor of an aeroplane of auto atic !tability. Thi! choice henceforth

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-2$-

Iron $ l n%s and Mental Ma%nets -ro the in!tant that you a,e !uch a choice you are on the alert for fact! you concentrate your

rele+ant to the !ub@ect of your a bition. 7pon the an' clearne!! than other fact!.

attention. They are pre!ente' to your con!ciou!ne!! /ith greater preci!ion

&ll fact! that pertain to the art of flying henceforth clu!ter an' cling to your con!ciou! thi! e ory li,e iron filing! to a agnet. &ll that are i pertinent to the!e inten!ely acti+e co ple2e!5 ain pur!uit are 'i!!ociate' fro

an' in ti e fa'e into !ubcon!ciou! forgetfulne!!.

The Compartment of &ubconsc ous $or%etfulness By !ubcon!ciou! forgetfulne!! /e ean a co part ent5 a! it /ere5 of that

re!er+oir in /hich all pa!t e2perience! are !tore'. Con!ciou!ne!! i! a an' flitting. (t i! !ubcon!ciou!ne!!. .o e are +oluntarily brought forth. .o e pre!ent the !el+e! /ithout our con!ciou! +olition5 but by the operation of the la/! of a!!ociation an' 'i!!ociation. .o e /e !ee unable +oluntarily to recall5 yet they ay appear /hen lea!t o entary thing. (t i! a pa!!ing !tate. (t i! ephe eral a'e up in part of pre!ent !en!e-i pre!!ion! an' in part

of pa!t e2perience!. The!e pa!t e2perience! are brought forth fro

/e are e2pecting the . (t i! the!e la!t to /hich /e ha+e referre' a! lo!t in !ubcon!ciou! forgetfulne!!. &! a atter of fact5 none are e+er actually lo!t.

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Ma# n% E+per ence Count &ll the /ealth of your pa!t e2perience i! !till your!--a concrete part of your per!onality. &ll that i! re=uire' to a,e it a+ailable for your pre!ent u!e i! a !ufficient concentration of your attention5 a concentration of attention that !hall '/ell per!i!tently an' e2clu!i+ely upon tho!e a!!ociation! that bear upon the fact 'e!ire'. The ten'ency of the in' to/ar' 'i!!ociation5 a function li iting the anife!te' in all of u! any u!cular acti+itie!.

in'i!cri inate recall of a!!ociate' 0group!50 i! al!o in the tran!fer to uncon!ciou!ne!! of

)o' )ab ts Are $ormed &! infant! /e learn to /al, only by gi+ing to e+ery the operation of u!cular o+e ent of the li b!

o!t 'eliberate con!ciou! attention. Aet5 in ti e5 the co plicate' coo+e ent! in+ol+e' in /al,ing beco e! in+oluntary

an' uncon!ciou!5 !o that /e are no longer e+en a/are of the . (t i! the !a e /ith rea'ing5 /riting5 playing upon anipulation of all !ort! of u!ical in!tru ent!5 the

echanical 'e+ice!5 the thou!an' an' one other

u!cular acti+itie! that beco e /hat /e call habitual. The o ent one trie! to a,e the!e habitual acti+itie! again 'epen'ent

on the con!ciou! /ill he encounter! 'ifficultie!. 0The centipe'e /a! happy =uite5 7ntil the toa'5 for fun5 .ai'5 ?Pray /hich leg goe! after /hichE? Thi! !tirre' hi! in' to !uch a pitch5 He lay 'i!tracte' in a 'itch5 Con!i'ering ho/ to run.0

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&ll the!e habitual acti+itie! are !tarte' a! act! of pain!ta,ing care an' con!ciou! attention. &ll ulti ately beco e uncon!ciou!. They ho/e+er5 be !tarte' or !toppe' at /ill. They are5 therefore5 !till relate' to the con!ciou! auto atic in'. They occupy a !e iay5

i''le groun' bet/een con!ciou! an' !ubcon!ciou! acti+itie!.

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Chapter 6 The $allacy Of Most Memory &ystems

Pract ce n Memor 4 n% Inade7uate (t i! e+i'ent that if /hat /e ha+e been 'e!cribing a! the proce!! of recall i! true5 then the co only accepte' i'ea that practice in e ory to a e ori<ing a,e! e ori<ing ea!ier i! fal!e5 an' that there i! no truth in the popular figure of !peech that li,en! the .o far a! the u!cle that gro/! !tronger /ith u!e. ay re!ult in a e ori<ing. ore

e ory i! concerne'5 ho/e+er5 practice etho'! of

or le!! uncon!ciou! i pro+e ent in the

By practice /e co e to uncon!ciou!ly 'i!co+er an' e ploy ne/ a!!ociati+e etho'! in our recor'ing of fact!5 a,ing the ea!ier to recall5 but /e can certainly a'' nothing to the actual !cope an' po/er of retention.

Torture of the 1r ll Aet any boo,! on e ory-training ha+e /i'e circulation /ho!e author!5 e ori<ing particular

!ho/ing no conception of the proce!!e! in+ol+e'5 !ee, to 'e+elop the general ability to re e ber by ince!!ant practice in fact!5 @u!t a! one /oul' 'e+elop a The follo/ing i! =uote' fro 0( a hi /ho 'i' not ,no/ that hi! of it. a,ing +igorou! effort! to bring it bac, again5 an' /ith partial etho' pur!ue' i! to !pen' t/o hour! 'aily5 one in the u!cle by e2erci!e.

a /ell-,no/n /or, of thi! character: e ory in a per!on a'+ance' in year!5 o!t re ar,ably until ( tol' e ory ha' faile'

no/ treating a ca!e of lo!! of

He i!

!ucce!!. The

orning an' one in the e+ening5 in e2erci!ing thi! faculty. The patient i!

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in!tructe' to gi+e the clo!e!t attention to all that he learn!5 !o that it !hall be i pre!!e' on hi! in' clearly.

He i! a!,e' to recall e+ery e+ening all the fact! an' e2perience! of the 'ay5 an' again the ne2t i pre!!e' on hi! Ten na e! fro orning. E+ery na e hear' i! /ritten 'o/n an' in' clearly an' an effort a'e to recall it at inter+al!. itte' to en are or'ere' to be co

a ong public

e ory e+ery /ee,. & +er!e of poetry i! to be learne'5 al!o a +er!e fro intere!ting fact i! recor'e'. The!e an' other re!u!citating a failing e ory.0 the Bible5 'aily. He i!

a!,e' to re e ber the nu ber of the page of any boo, /here any etho'! are !lo/ly

.eal Cause of $a l n% Memory &! re ar,e' by Profe!!or Ca e!5 0(t i! har' to belie+e that the e ory of

the poor ol' gentle an i! a bit the better for all thi! torture e2cept in re!pect to the particular fact! thu! /rought into it5 the occurrence! atten'e' to an' repeate' on tho!e 'ay!5 the na e! of tho!e politician!5 tho!e Bible +er!e!5 etc.5 etc.0 The error in the boo, fir!t =uote' fro upon a failing i! the lo!! of an inten!ity of intere!t. (t i! the failure to for i'ea!5 e otion! an' !ufficiently large group! an' co ple2e! of relate' u!cular o+e ent! a!!ociate' /ith the particular echanical an' lie! in the fact that it! author loo,!

e ory a! in'icating a lo!! of retenti+ene!!. The real cau!e

fact to be re e bere'. There i! no rea!on to belie+e that the retention of !en!ory e2perience! i! not at all ti e! perfectly echanically perfect.

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-;9-

(ntere!t i! a e ory.

ental yearning. (t i! the off!pring of 'e!ire an' the

other of

(t goe! out !pontaneou!ly to anything that can a'' to the !u ,no/le'ge about the thing 'e!ire'.

of one?!

The Manufactured Interest & anufacture' intere!t i! counterfeit. When a thing i! 'one becau!e it ha! intere!t.

to be 'one5 'e!ire 'ie! an' 0'uty0 i! born. (n proportion a! a !ub@ect i! a!!ociate' /ith 0'uty50 it i! 'i+orce' fro

Memory Lure of a 1es re (f you /ant to i pre!! anything on another an?! in' !o that he /ill

re e ber it5 harne!! it up /ith the lure of a 'e!ire. :iffu!e' intere!t i! the cau!e of all unprofitable forgetfulne!!. :o not allo/ your attention to grope +aguely a ong a nu ber of thing!. Whate+er you 'o5 your a,e a bu!ine!! of 'oing it /ith your /hole !oul. Turn the !potlight of in' upon it5 an' you /ill not forget it.

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Chapter 8 A &c ent f c Memory &ystem $or *us ness &uccess

We recall thing! by their a!!ociation. When you !et your in' to re e ber

any particular fact5 your con!ciou! effort !houl' be not +aguely to /ill that it !hall be i pre!!e' an' retaine'5 but analytically an' 'eliberately to connect it /ith one or ore other fact! alrea'y in your in'.

(Cramm n%( and (! ll n%( The !tu'ent /ho 0cra !0 for a te!t allo/! no ti e to for a!!ociation!. a,e! no per anent a''ition to hi! ing0

,no/le'ge. There can be no recall /ithout a!!ociation5 an' 0cra

(f you fin' it 'ifficult to re e ber a fact or a na e5 'on?t /a!te your energie! in 0/illing0 it to return. Try to recall !o e other fact or na e a!!ociate' /ith the fir!t in ti e or place or other/i!e5 an' lo5 /hen you lea!t e2pect it5 it /ill pop into your thought!. (f your e ory i! goo' in o!t re!pect!5 but poor in a particular line5 it i! e ory /a! a blan, on u!ic. o!t !ub@ect!5

becau!e you?re not intere!te' in that particular area5 an' therefore ha+e no nee' for a!!ociation. Blin' To ?! but he /a! a /al,ing encyclope'ia on

*as c Pr nc ple of Thou%ht0.eproduct on To i pro+e your e ory you u!t increa!e the nu ber an' +ariety of your

ental a!!ociation!. #any ingeniou! etho'!5 !cientifically correct5 ha+e been 'e+i!e' to help etho'! are ba!e' /holly on the

re e ber particular fact!. The!e

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-;1-

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principle that it?! the

o!t ea!ily recalle' /hich i! a!!ociate' in our

in'! /ith

o!t co ple2 an' elaborate grouping! of relate' i'ea!.

Methods of P c# Pic, in 0#e ory an' (t! :octor!50 a ong other 'e+ice!5 pre!ent! a /ell,no/n 0figure-alphabet0 a! of ai' in re e bering nu ber!. Each figure of the &rabic notation i! repre!ente' by one or catch /or' or phra!e. To =uote: 0The 1 2 3 4 5 ! " # $ o!t co ore letter!5 an' the nu ber on figure-alphabet i! thi!: to be recalle' i! tran!late' into !uch letter! a! can be!t be arrange' into a

t n m r l sh % f b s d & k ' ( o ch c % )u *

0To briefly !ho/ it! u!e5 !uppo!e it i! 'e!ire' to fi2 15142 feet in a !econ' a! the +elocity of !oun'5 t5 t5 r5 n5 are the letter! an' or'er re=uire'. -ill up /ith +o/el! for ing a phra!e li,e ?tight run? an' connect it by !o e !uch flight of the i agination a! that if a an trie' to ,eep up /ith the +elocity of !oun'5 he /oul' ha+e a ?tight run.?0

&c ent f c Peda%o%y The !a e principle i! at the ba!i! of all efficient pe'agogy. The co petent teacher en'ea+or! by !o e a!!ociation of i'ea! to lin, e+ery ne/ fact /ith tho!e fact! /hich the pupil alrea'y ha! ac=uire'. (n the pur!uit of thi! etho' the teacher /ill 0co pare all that i! far off an' a,ing the un,no/n plain by the

foreign to !o ething that i! near ho e5

e2a ple of the ,no/n5 an' connecting all the in!truction /ith the per!onal

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e2perience of the pupil--if the teacher i! to e2plain the 'i!tance of the !un fro the earth5 let hi a!,5 ?(f anyone there in the !un fire' off a cannon !traight at you5 /hat !houl' you 'oE? ?Det out of the /ay5? /oul' be the an!/er. ?4o nee' of that5? the teacher your roo ight replyB ?you ay =uietly go to !leep in

an' get up againB you

ay /ait till your confir ation 'ay5 you

ay learn a tra'e5 an' gro/ a! ol' a! ( a --then only /ill the cannon-ball be getting near5 then you !un?! 'i!tance>? We !hall no/ !ho/ you ho/ to apply thi! principle in i pro+ing your e ory an' in ,no/le'ge. 6ule (. #a,e !y!te atic u!e of your !en!e-organ!. a,ing a ore co plete u!e of your really +a!t !tore of ay @u p to one !i'e> .ee5 !o great a! that i! the

)o' to .emember ,ames :o you fin' it 'ifficult to re e ber na e!E (t i! becau!e you 'o not lin, the in your in' /ith enough a!!ociation!. E+ery ti e a an i! any intro'uce' to you5 loo, about you. Who i! pre!entE Ta,e note of a!

an' a! great a +ariety of !urroun'ing fact! an' circu !tance! a! po!!ible. Thin, of the an?! na e5 an' ta,e another loo, at hi! face5 hi! 're!!5 hi! anner. ar, the place /here you are no/ for the fir!t ti e

phy!i=ue. Thin, of hi! na e5 an' at the !a e ti e hi! +oice an' Thin, of hi! na e5 an' eeting hi . Thin, of hi! na e in con@unction /ith the na e an' per!onality of the frien' /ho pre!ente' hi . #e ory i! not a 'i!tinct faculty of in' in the !en!e that one

an i!

generou!ly en'o/e' in that re!pect /hile another i! 'eficient. #e ory5 a!

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eaning the po/er of +oluntary recall5 i! /holly a =ue!tion of traine' habit! of Aour ental operation. ine or any other an?!. (t i! your

e ory i! @u!t a! goo' a!

in'ifference to /hat you /oul' call 0irrele+ant fact!0 that i! at fault. Therefore5 culti+ate habit! of ob!er+ation. -ortify the ob!er+e' fact! you /i!h to recall /ith a ultitu'e of out!i'e a!!ociation!. 4e+er re!t /ith a ere half/ay ,no/le'ge of thing!.

$ "e E+erc ses for 1e"elop n% Obser"at on To a!!i!t you in training your!elf in tho!e habit! of ob!er+ation that goo' e ory of out!i'e fact!5 /e appen' the follo/ing e2erci!e!: /ith /hich you are not fa iliar. Then a,e a,e a

a. Wal, !lo/ly through a roo /ee,5 u!ing a 'ifferent roo

a li!t of all the content! of the roo

you can recall. :o thi! e+ery 'ay for a

each ti e. :o it not half-hearte'ly5 but a! if a'e.

your life 'epen'e' on your ability to re e ber. &t the en' of the /ee, you /ill be !urpri!e' at the i pro+e ent you ha+e

b. &! you /al, along the !treet5 ob!er+e all that occur! in a !pace of one bloc,5 thing! hear' a! /ell a! thing! !een. T/o hour! later a,e a li!t of all you can recall. :o thi! t/ice a 'ay for ten 'ay!. Then co pare re!ult!. c. #a,e a practice of recounting each night the inci'ent! of the 'ay. The pro!pect of ha+ing thi! to 'o /ill cau!e you uncon!ciou!ly to ob!er+e ore attenti+ely. etho' by /hich Thurlo/ Wee' ac=uire' hi! pheno enal

Thi! i! the e ory.

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&! a young

an /ith political a bition! he ha' been o!t

uch trouble' by hi!

inability to recall na e! an' face!. .o he began the practice each night of telling hi! /ife the 'uring the 'ay. He ,ept thi! up for fifty year!5 an' it !o traine' hi! po/er! of ob!er+ation that he beca e a! /ell ,no/n for hi! unfailing a'roitne!!. '. Dlance once at an outline fre=uently. ap of !o e .tate. Put it out of !ight an' 'ra/ e ory a! for hi! political inute 'etail! of inci'ent! that ha' occurre'

one a! nearly li,e it a! you can. Then co pare it /ith the original. :o thi!

In"ent on and Thou%ht0Memory e. Ha+e !o e one rea' you a !entence out of a boo, an' you then repeat it. :o thi! 'aily5 gra'ually increa!ing the length of the =uotation fro your ability in thi! re!pect co pare' /ith that of other fa ily. 6ule ((. -i2 i'ea! by their a!!ociate!. There are other thing! to be re e bere' be!i'e! fact! of out!i'e ob!er+ation. Aou are not one /ho!e life i! pa!!e' entirely in a phy!ical /orl'. Aou li+e al!o /ithin. Aour in' i! uncea!ingly at /or, /ith the aterial! of the pa!t painting the picture! of the future. Aou are calle' upon to !che e5 to plan5 to 'e+i!e5 to in+ent5 to co po!e an' to fore!ee. (f all thi! ental /or, i! not /a!te' energy5 you u!t be able to recall it! !hort !entence! to /hole paragraph!. Try to fin' out /hat i! the e2tre e li it of e ber! of your

conclu!ion! /hen occa!ion re=uire!. & happy thought co e! to you--/ill you re e ber it to orro/ /hen the hour for action arri+e!E There i! but

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one /ay to be !ure5 an' that i! by ental proce!!.

a,ing a !tu'y of the /hole a!!ociati+e

6e+ie/ the train of i'ea! by /hich you reache' your conclu!ion. Carry the thought on in in' to it! legiti ate conclu!ion. .ee your!elf acting upon it. ental #ar, it! relation! to other per!on!. 4ote all the 'etail! of the

picture. (n other /or'!5 to re e ber thought!5 culti+ate thoughtob!er+ation @u!t a! you culti+ate !en!e-ob!er+ation to re e ber out!i'e atter!.

Three E+ercises for ,e'elo(in% Thou%ht-Memory To train your!elf in thought- e ory5 u!e the follo/ing e2erci!e!: a. E+ery orning at eight o?cloc,5 !harp on the inute5 fi2 upon a certain

i'ea an' 'eter ine to recall it at a certain hour 'uring the 'ay. Put your /hole /ill into thi! re!olution. Try to i agine /hat acti+itie! you /ill be engage' in at the appointe' hour5 an' thin, of the cho!en i'ea a! i'entifie' /ith tho!e acti+itie!. &!!ociate it in your at han' /hen the !et ti e co e!. Ha+ing thu! fi2e' the i'ea in your in'5 forget it. :o not refer to it in your onth!. in' /ith !o e ob@ect that /ill be

thought!. With practice you /ill fin' your!elf auto atically carrying out your o/n or'er!. Per!i!t in thi! e2erci!e for at lea!t three

b. E+ery night /hen you retire fi2 upon the hour at /hich you /i!h to get up in the orning. (n connection /ith your /a,ing at that hour5 thin, of all your con!ciou!ne!! an' fall a!leep /ith the inten!e ean!5 get up in!tantly /hen the !oun'! that /ill be apt to be occurring at that particular ti e. Bar e+ery other thought fro 'eter ination to ari!e at the ti e !et. By all any hour you ay /i!h.

you a/a,en. Feep up thi! e2erci!e an' you /ill !oon be able to a/a,en at

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)o' to Compel .ecollect on c. E+ery orning outline the general plan of your acti+itie! for the 'ay. uch of ho/ you

.elect only the i portant thing!. :o not bother /ith the 'etail!. :eter ine upon the logical or'er for your 'ay?! /or,. Thin, not !o are to 'o thing! a! of the thing! you are to 'o. Feep your in' on re!ult!. &n' ha+ing a'e your plan5 !tic, to it. Be your

o/n bo!!. )et nothing te pt you fro to/ar' /hate+er pri<e you !ee,.

your !et purpo!e. #a,e thi! 'aily

planning a habit an' hol' to it through life. (t /ill gi+e you a great lift

6ule (((. .earch !y!te atically an' per!i!tently. When once you ha+e !tarte' upon an effort at recollection5 per!e+ere. The 'ate or face or e+ent that you /i!h to recall i! boun' up /ith a other fact! of ob!er+ation an' of your in' life of the pa!t. ultitu'e of

.ucce!! in recalling it 'epen'! !i ply upon your ability to hit upon !o e i'ea !o in'i!!olubly a!!ociate' /ith the ob@ect of !earch that the recall of one auto atically recall! the other. Con!e=uently the thing to 'o i! to hol' your attention to one 'efinite line of thought until you ha+e e2hau!te' it! po!!ibilitie!. Aou the u!t pa!! in re+ie/ all the a!!ociate' until the right one co e! to atter! an' !uppre!! or ignore ay be a !hort-cut proce!! or

in'. Thi!

a roun'about proce!!5 but it /ill bring re!ult! nine ti e! out of ten5 an' if habitually per!i!te' in /ill greatly i pro+e your po/er of +oluntary recall.

$ormat on of Correct Memory )ab ts 6ule (%. The in!tant you recollect a thing to be 'one5 'o it.

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E+ery i'ea that

e ory thru!t! into your con!ciou!ne!! carrie! /ith it the atter ay not again occur to ay be too late. /ill !er+e you faithfully only a! long a! you act

i pul!e to act upon it. (f you fail to 'o !o5 the you5 or /hen it 'oe! it Aour ental echani!

upon it! !ugge!tion!.

,O!9 Thi! i! a! true of bo'ily habit! a! of bu!ine!! affair!. The ti e to act upon an i portant atter that @u!t no/ co e! to in' i! not 0to orro/0 or a 0little later50 but 4"W. What you 'o fro 'o thi! hone!tly. :o not be !/aye' by 'i!tracting i pul!e! that ina'+ertently !lip in. &n' ha+ing gauge' their i portance gi+e free rein at once to the i pul!e to 'o e+erything that !houl' not a,e /ay for !o ething ore i portant. o ent to o ent tell! the !tory of your career. ('ea!

that co e to you !houl' be co pare' a! to their relati+e i portance. But

Pers stence- Accuracy- 1 spatch (f5 for any rea!on5 action u!t be 'eferre'5 fi2 the atter in your your in' to be

calle' up at the proper ti e. :ri+e all other thought! fro con!ciou!ne!!. Di+e your /hole attention to thi! one e2act

atter. :eter ine the o ent. &n'

o ent at /hich you /i!h it to be recalle'. Then put your /hole !elf o!t i portant of all5

into the 'eter ination to re e ber it at preci!ely the right finally5 an' perhap!

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6ule %. Ha+e !o e !ign or to,en. Thi! choo!e5 but it the ain e+ent i! to be recalle'.

e ory !ignal

ay be anything you

u!t !o eho/ be 'irectly connecte' /ith the hour at /hich

Memory & %ns and To#ens #a,e a bu!ine!! of ob!er+ing the label! that for a part of your e ory !ign! or to,en! you ha+e been atter! you /i!h to recall /ith the achinery.

habitually u!ing. Practice tagging tho!e ental

#a,e it a habit to 'o thing! /hen they ought to be 'one an' in the or'er in /hich you ought to 'o the . Habit! li,e thi! are 0path!0 along /hich the in' 0 o+e!50 path! of lea!t re!i!tance to tho!e =ualitie! of pro ptne!!5 energy5 per!i!tence5 accuracy5 !elf-control5 an' !o on5 that create !ucce!!. .ucce!! in bu!ine!!5 !ucce!! in life5 can co e only through the for ation of right habit!. & right habit can be 'eliberately ac=uire' only by 'oing a thing con!ciou!ly until it co e! to be 'one uncon!ciou!ly an' auto atically.

The Mental Comb nat on .e"ealed E+ery the an5 con!ciou!ly or uncon!ciou!ly5 for ! hi! o/n your e ory habit!5 a!terful

goo' or ba'. -or preci!ion.

e ory habit! con!ciou!ly accor'ing to the la/! of

in'5 an' in goo' ti e they /ill act uncon!ciou!ly an' /ith

0?& i' the !ha'o/! of the pyra i'!5? Bonaparte !ai' to hi! !ol'ier!5 ?t/enty centurie! loo, 'o/n upon you5? an' ani ate' the to action an' +ictory. But all the centurie!50 !ay! W.H. Dro+e5 0an' the eternitie!5 an' Do'5 an' the uni+er!e5 loo, 'o/n upon u!--an' 'e an' the highe!t culture of bo'y5 in' an' !pirit.0

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& goo'

e ory i! your! for the u!t act.

a,ing. But you

u!t

a,e it. We can

point the /ay. Aou

The la/! of &!!ociation an' 6ecall are the co bination that /ill unloc, the trea!ure-+ault! of e ory. &pply the!e la/!5 an' the riche! of e2perience /ill be a+ailable to you in e+ery nee'.

RESO.R/ES
Memory Improvement Techniques Power Memory Formula Release Your Mighty Memory Now

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