RANPAR 1

RN 3163-30A
Nokia Siemens Networks

Soc Classification level 1 Nokia Siemens Networks

RN31631EN30GLA1

Course Objectives
Explain how NSN RRM is working, what is measured, when & where Describe the purpose of each RRM functional entities Identify the relations between different RRM functional entities

Describe the parameter database structure

Describe the main RRM parameters

Soc Classification level 2 Nokia Siemens Networks

RN31631EN30GLA1

Course Content
Radio Resource Management Overview Parameter Configuration Common Channels & Power Control Load Control Admission Control Packet Scheduling Handover Control Resource Manager
HSDPA basics & RRM HSUPA basics & RRM HSPA+ features (Overview)

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RN31631EN30GLA1

Module Objectives

At the end of the module you will be able to: Describe the purpose of RRM List the RRM functional entities Describe the purpose of each RRM functional entity

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RN31631EN30GLA1

Radio Resource Management

Radio Resource Management (RRM) is responsible for optimal utilization of the air interface resources
Target for RRM is to ensure the RAN offers:
The planned coverage for each targeted service High capacity i.e. low blocking (new calls, handovers) The required Quality of Service (QoS) Optimize the use of available capacity (priorities)

By continuously monitoring/adjusting how the available resources are used in accordance with user requests Link Quality

Cell Capacity
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RRM

Cell Coverage

RRM Tasks
RRM must be able to: Predict the impact on interference (power) of the admitting a new user for UL & DL Perform appropriate actions (e.g. new call admissions, bitrate increase/decrease etc.) in accordance with prevailing load conditions Provide different quality of service for real time (RT) and non-real time (NRT) users Take appropriate corrective action when the different cell load thresholds are exceeded in order to maintain cell stability (i.e. load control) Power
Overload Overload Margin

Load Target

Time
Estimated capacity for NRT traffic Measured load caused by non-controllable load (RT)

RT services must have higher quality assurance than NRT

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RRM Functional Split

RRM is made up of a number of closely interdependent functions (i.e. algorithms) These functions can be divided into;

Cell Based
Load Control (LC) Admission Control (AC) Packet Scheduling (PS) Resource Manager (RM)

LC RM

PS AC
Cell based functions

Connection Based
Handover Control (HC) Power Control (PC)

PC HC
Connection based functions

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Power Control PC
WCDMA systems are interference limited; therefore, it is beneficial to reduce transmission power as far as possible (without violate the required quality).

Thus, the target of PC is to achieve the min. SIR that is required to offer sufficient quality of the connection.
PC works on a per-connection basis.

MS

BTS

RNC

Power Control Power Control Handover Control Admission Control Load Control Packet Scheduler

Power Control Load Control

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Load Control functions

The load control function within RRM can be divided:
Preventative load control (e.g. congestion)

Overload control (e.g. dropping of calls in worst case)

Preventative actions are performed before the cell is overloaded (threshold y) Overload actions are performed after cell is overloaded (threshold x)

RNP parameters define the thresholds for the RRM functionalities

The thresholds define a stable functionality within a cell & with surrounding cells
Overload threshold x Load Target threshold y Power Overload Control Preventative Load Control

Estimated capacity for NRT traffic. Measured load caused by non-controllable load (RT)
Time

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Load Control LC
Load change info

AC
Load status

NRT load

LC

PS

LC performs the function of load control in association with Admission Control AC & Packet Scheduling PS Updates load status using measurements & estimations provided by AC & PS Continuously feeds cell load information to PS & AC:
Interference levels BTS power levels Non-controllable load
Load differentiation: Total load = Controllable load + Semi-controllable load + Non-controllable load

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Admission Control AC
Grant Checks that admitting a new user will not sacrifice planned coverage or quality of existing connections

Determines whether RABs or RRC connections can be admitted

Handles RT RABs by estimating the increase in non-controllable load In the decision UL interference & DL power measurements by BTS are used Since RAS06 the UL throughput is considered for AC, too UL & DL admission conditions must both be fulfilled to admit a new call or modified existing call

Admission Decision

Reject

Provides RLC parameters to PS for NRT users, e.g.

Bearer class Transport Formats

AC sets quality and power parameters for the radio link, e.g.:
UL/DL BLER, Eb/No targets, SIR target Initial DL transmission power

AC takes place in the RNC

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Packet Scheduler PS
Packet Scheduler in RNC schedules radio resources for both UL & DL R99 NRT RABs Scheduling period defined by RNP parameters PS relies on up-to-date information from AC & LC Capacity allocated on a needs basis using best effort approach

power Overload threshold Target threshold

Total Load controllable load

non-controllable load
time

PS allocation times need to be fast to accommodate changing conditions & accurate (up-to-date load info) Capacity requests sent via traffic volume measurement reports (governed by RNP parameters) PS comprises two parts: UE specific & Cell specific HSDPA & HSUPA resources are scheduled by the Node B

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Handover Control HC
HC is responsible for:
Managing the mobility aspects of an RRC connection as UE move around network Maintaining connection quality by ensuring UE is always served by best cell saving capacity

Intra-Frequency Handovers
Softer/Soft Handover UE simultaneously connected to multiple cells from same/different Node Bs Mobile Evaluated Handover MEHO Hard Handover when Inter-RNC SHO is not possible (Iur not supported or Iur congestion) in case of HSDPA

WCDMA F1

WCDMA F1

WCDMA F1

WCDMA F2 WCDMA F1

WCDMA F2

Inter-Frequency Handover
can be Intra-BS, Intra-RNC or Inter-RNC Network Evaluated Handover NEHO

Inter-RAT Handover
Handovers between WCDMA and GSM, LTE or WLAN Network Evaluated Handover NEHO
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GSM WCDMA

GSM

Resource Manager RM
Responsible for managing the logical radio resources of the RNC in co-operation with AC and PS

On request for resources, from either AC(RT) or PS(NRT), RM allocates:

DL Channelization Code UL Scrambling Code
Code Type Scrambling codes Channelization codes Uplink User separation Data & control channels from same UE Downlink Cell separation Users within one cell

cares about code tree management (to maintain orthogonality);

Initial code selection codes concentrated to same branch Code de-fragmentation dynamic reallocation of codes as users enter/leave system

DL spreading code allocation for HSDPA users can be dynamic from RAS06 on

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Channel quality (CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC) Data

Instantaneous EsNo [dB]

HSDPA - general principle

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

16QAM3/4 16QAM2/4 QPSK3/4 QPSK2/4

Time [number of TTIs]

UE1

QPSK1/4

Channel quality (CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)

Data

New WBTS functions: Fast HARQ retransmissions Fast Adaptive Modulation & Coding Fast Packet data scheduling (short TTI)

UE2
Users may be time and/or code multiplexed
Fast scheduling is done directly in Node-B based on feedback information from UE and knowledge of current traffic state. Hard Handover only
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HSUPA / Comparing HSUPA to R99 and HSDPA

HSUPA is 3GPP Rel6 Enhanced FDD Uplink main characteristics: Fast WBTS Packet Scheduling Fast L1 HARQ algorithms Fast Link Adaptation 2ms or 10ms TTI periods Soft Handover SF down to SF = 2 Peak Rates up to 5.76 Mbps
Feature
Var. spreading factor Fast power control Adaptive modulation WBTS based scheduling Fast L1 HARQ

E-DCH

Rel99 DCH
Y Y N N N

Rel5 HSDPA
N N Y Y Y

Rel6 HSUPA
Y Y N Y Y

Soft Handover
TTI length [ms]

Y
80,40,20,10

N
2

Y
10,2

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HSPA+ Improvements
Improving the DL peak rates, cell throughput & spectrum efficiency:
64QAM: Enhanced HSDPA Modulation MIMO: Intelligent Multi-Antenna Systems DC-HSDPA: Dual-Carrier/Cell Transmission

RU20

Improving the cell throughput & spectrum efficiency:

DL Flexible RLC Continuous Packet Connectivity CS Voice over HSPA DL Peak Rates up to: 21/28/42 Mbps UL Peak Rates up to: 5.8 Mbps DL Peak Rates up to: 84 Mbps UL Peak Rates up to: 5.8 Mbps

HSDPA Improvements:
DC-HSDPA + 64QAM + MIMO

HSUPA Improvements:
Frequency Domain Equalizer HSUPA Interference Cancellation Receiver

General Improvements:
Fast Dormancy Multi-Band Load Balancing MBLB

RU30

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