UNIT-IV-ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS PART-A 1.

What is the relation between Z transform and fourier transform of discrete time signal.(APR/MAY 2003 &2010). X( )=X(Z)|z= .This means Z transform is same as fourier transform when evaluated on unit circle. 2. What is the Z transform of Z{ 3. ( )}=1/[1-a ( ) (OCT/NOV 2002). - ROC:|Z|>|a|.

Define region of converse with respect to Z transform. (NOV/DEC 2003). Region of convergence(ROC) is the area in Z plane where Z transform convergence .In other word,it is possible to calculate the X(z) in ROC.

4.

State the initial value theorem of Z transform.(APR/MAY 2004 &2010). The initial value of the sequence is given as,X(0)= ( ).

5.

What is the difference between the spectrum of the CT signal and the spectrum of the CT signal and the spectrum of the corresponding sampled signal. (NOV/DEC 2004). The spectrum of the CT signal and sampled signal are related as, ( ) ( ) This means spectrum of sampled signals is periodic repeatation of spectrum of CT signal. It repeats at sampling frequency and amplitude is also multiplied by

6.

State final value therom for Z transform. .(APR/MAY 2005). The final value of the sequence is given as ( ) ( ) ( )

7.

Define DTFT pair.(APR/MAY 2004 & DEC2009). DTFT, ( ) IDFT, ( ) ( ) ( ) . & .

8.

State and prove time shifting property of Z transform. (NOV/DEC 2003). Time shifting property ( ) ( )

9.

Define one sided and two sided z transform. (NOV/DEC 2004). One sided Z transform is given as ( ) Two sided Z transform is given as ( ) ( ) ( )

10.

Define Z transform.

The Z transform of a discrete time signals , - is denoted by X(z) and its is given as X( ) ( ) and the value n range from - to .Here z is the complex variable.This Z transform is also called as bilateral or Two sided Z transform. 11. What is the differentiation property in Z domain. , , 12. ( ) then * , -+

State the methods to find inverse Z transform. a.Paritial fraction b.Contour integration c.Power series expansion d.Convolution methods.

13.

State parsevals relation for Z transform. If , - and states that , - are complex valued sequence,then the parsevals relation , - , -= , ( )

14.

Find the Z transform of x(n)={1,2,3,4}. (DEC 2009). Given X(n)={1,2,3,4} X(z)= ( )

=1+2 15. Obtain the inverse z transform of X(z)=1/z-a,|z|>\|a| Given X(z)= By time shifting property,X(n)= 16. What is meant by sampling. ( )

A sample is a process by which a CT signal is converted into a sequence of discrete samples with each sample representing the amplitude of the signal at the particular instant of time. 17. State the sampling theorem. }. (DEC 2009). A band limited signal of finite energy,which has no frequency components higher than the W hertz, is completely described by specifying the values of the signal at the instant of time separated by w seconds.

A band limited signal of finite energy,which has no frequency components higher than the W hertz, is completely recovered from the knowledge of its sample taken at the rate of 2W samples per second. 18. What is meant by aliasing.(MAY/JUN 2010). When the high frequency interferes with low frequency and appears as low then the phenomenon is called aliasing. 19. What are effect aliasing. Since the high frequency interferes with low frequency then the distortion is generated. The data is lost and it can not be recovered. 20. How the aliasing process is eliminated. i).Sampling rate fs_>2W, ii).Strictly band limit the signal to W. This can be obtained by using the low pass filter before the sampling process. It is also called as anti-aliasing filter. 21. Define Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval.(MAY/JUN 2010). When the sampling rate becomes exactly equal to 2W samples/sec,for a give bandwidth of W hertz, then it is called Nyquist rate . Nyquist interval is the time interval between any two adjacent samples. Nyquist rate =2W hz & Nyquist interval=1/2W seconds. 22. What is the significance of ROC in Z-transform. (DEC 2009). i).ROC gives an idea about values of Z for which Z-transform can be calculated. ii).ROC can be used to determine causality of the system. iii). ROC can be used to determine stability of the system. 23. Why CT signals are represented by samples. . (DEC 2009). i).A CT signals cannot be processed in the digital processor or computer. ii).To enable the digital transmission of the signal. 24. State Nyquist sampling theorem.(MAY/JUN 2010). It states that sampling frequency is equal to twice the maximum frequency. i.e .

=2

25.

Find the inverse Z transform of Y(Z)=X(Z)X( ANS: ( ) X(-1)

).(MAY/JUN 2010).

PART-B 1. 2. 3. 4. What is the ROC? State some properties of Z-transform.(OCT/NOV 2002). Find the inverse Z transform of X(z)=[z+4]/[ Find the Z transform of x(n)= sin - .(OCT/NOV 2002).

( ) (OCT/NOV 2002).

How will you evaluate the fourier transform from pole zero plot of Z transform? .(OCT/NOV 2002). Find the inverse Z transform of X(z)=1/[1] for ROC:0.5<|Z|<1.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Write down any four properties of Z transform and explain.(APR/MAY 2003). Find Z transform of [u(n)-u(n-10)].(APR/MAY 2003). Obtain the relation between Z transform and DTFT.(NOV/DEC 2003). Find the final value of the given signal W(z)=1/[1+ cos nt.(NOV/DEC2003). ] and z transform of

10.

Find the inverse Z transform using contour integral method .Given X(z)=1/[1a ],|z|>a.(NOV/DEC2003). Find the IZT of X(z)=[1-/ -/[(1)( 1+ ),|z|>2.(MAY 2004). - u(n)-[1/4]u(n-1).( DEC 2003).

11. 12. 13.

Find the Z transform of the sequence X(n)=,

What are the 3 possible sequence whose Z transform is given by X(z)=[8/6 67/12z]/[ /12z+1/2]. .(NOV/DEC2004). Find the Z transform and its ROC of X(n)=1,n>0 = 2005).(APR/MAY 2010). .(APR/MAY

14.

15. 16. 17.

State and prove the convolution property of Z transform.(APR/MAY 2005). Find the DTFT of x(n)= u(n) and plot its spectrum.(APR/MAY 2004). &0,otherwise.(APR/MAY 2005).

Determine the DTFT of X(n)=1,for 0

18.

i).Obtain the Z transform of X(n)=n(n+1)u(n).( DEC 2009). ii). State and prove the convolution property and time shifting property of the Z transform.

19.

Determine the inverse Z transform of X(z)=1/((1+ 2009). a).Find the DTFT of X(n)= (

)(

) ,ROC |z|>1.( DEC

20.

) .(MAY/JUN 2010).

b).Use Parsevals theorem for Fourier series tofind the average power in the signal X(t)=3 (2500t)cos(2000 t). 21. State and prove sampling theorem.(MAY/JUN 2010).

UNIT-V-LINEAR TIME INVARIANT DISCRETE TIME SYSTEM PART-A 1. Define convolution sum. If x(n) and h(n) are discrete variable functions, then its convolution sum y(n) ( ) ( is given by, y(n)= ). 2. List the steps involved in finding convolution sum? * folding *shifting *multiplication *summation. 3. Define LTI causal system? A LTI system is causal if and only if, h(n)=0 for n<0.this is the sufficient and necessary condition for causality of the system. 4. Define LTI stable system? if, 5. The bounded input x(n) produce bounded output y(n) in the LTI system only | ( )| .when the condition is satisfied , the system will be stable.

If u(n) is the impulse response of the system, what is its step responsere h(n)=u(n) and the input is x(n)=u(n).

Hence the output y(n)= ( ) x(n) =u(n) u(n). 6. Convolve the two sequence x(n)={1,2,3} and h(n)={5,4,6,2}.(DEC 2009). Y(n)={5,14,29,26,22,6}. 7. Is the output of the sequence of an LTI system is finite or infinite when the input x(n) is finite? Justify your answer.(OCT/NOV 2002). If the impulse response of the system is infinite, then output sequence is infinite even though input is finite. For example, consider Input Impulse response Output sequence x(n)= ( )finite length. h(n)= u(n) infinite length.

y(n)= ( ) x(n) = ( ) (n)= ( ) ) for an input x(n), find

8.

Consider an LTI system with impulse response h(n)= (nthe Y( ) ( NOV/DEC 2003).

Here is the spectrum of output. By convolution theorem we can write, Y( Here H( Y( 9. )=H( )X( ) )}= )

)=DTFT{ (n)= X(

Find the linear convolution of x(n)={1,2,3,4,5,6} with y(n)={2,-4,6,-8}.(APR/MAY 2004). Y(n)={2,0,4,0,-4,-8,-26,-4,-48}.

10.

Determine the system function of the discrete time system described by the difference equation y(n)-0.5y(n-1)+0.25y(n-2)=x(n)-x(n-1).(APR/MAY 2004). Taking Z transform on both sides, Y(z)-0.5 y(z)+0.25 y(z)=X(z)]/[1-0.5 +0.25 ( ) ].

H(z)=Y(z)/X(z)=[1-

11.

What is the linear convolution of the two signals {2,3,4} and {1,-2,1}?(NOV/DEC 2004 ). Y(n)={2,-1,0,-5,4}.

12.

What is the response of an LTI system with impulse response h(n)=(n)+2(n-1) for the input x(n)={1,2,3}?(APR/MAY 2005). Here h(n)= (n)+2(n-1) can be expressed as h(n)={1,2} Y(n)={1,4,7,6}.

13.

Write the general difference equation relating input and output of a system.(APR/MAY 2003). The generalized difference equation is given as Y(n)=- y(n-k)+ ( )

Here y(n-k) are previous outputs and x(n-k) are present and previous inputs. 14. How unit sample response of discrete time system is defined? The unit sample response of the discrete time system is output of the system to unit sample sequence .i.e. T[(n)]=h(n). Also h(n)={H(z)}. 15. What is the impulse response x(n) of the system if these and zeros are radially moved K times the original location?(NOV/DEC 2004). If the impulse response is u(n).then new impulse response after movements of poles by K times will be u(n). i).For K<1,impulse response will decay fast. ii).For K>1, impulse response will decay very slowly. There is no effect on impulse response due to movement of zeros. 16. States the properties of convolution.(DEC 2009). i).Commutative property of convolution x(n) h(n)=h(n) x(n)=y(n) ii).Associative property of convolution [x(n) ( )] ( ) x(n ) [ ( ) ( )-

iii).Distributive property of convolution

x(n) , 17.

( )+

( )-

x(n)

( )+x(n)

( ).

Write the condition for a causal DT system to be BIBO stable.(DEC 2009). | ( )|<

18.

If u(n) is the impulse response of a system ,what is the step response ?(DEC 2009). S(n)=h(n) u(n)=u(n) u(n)= =(n+1)u(n) ( ) ( )= 1=n+1

19.

What does the state represent in the state variable equation of a DT system? (DEC 2009). The state of the system is a minimal set of signals that represent systems entire memory of the past.

20.

Define non recursive and recursive of the following system.(MAY/JUN 2010). When the output y(n) of the system depends upon present and past inputs then it is called non-recursive system. When the output y(n) of the system depends upon present and past inputs as well as past outputs, then it is called recursive system.

21.

Draw the block diagram representation of the following system.(MAY/JUN 2010). Y(n)-1/2y(n-1)=x(n)+1/2x(n-1)

22.

What is the linear convolution of two signals {2,3,4} and {1,-2,1}.(MAY/JUN 2010). Y(n)={2,-1,0,-5,4}.

PART-B 1. State and prove the properties of convolution sun?

2. 3.

Determine the convolution of X(n)={1,1,2} h(n)=u(n) graphically. Determine the forced response for the following system. Y(n)-1/4y(n-1)-1/8y(n-2)=x(n)+x(n-1) for x(n)=(1/8)y(n-2). Assume zero initial conditions?

4.

Compute the response of the system y(n)=0.7y(n-1)-0.12(n-2)+x(n-1)-x(n-2) to the input x(n)=n u(n). Is the system is stable? Find the output of the system whose input-output is related by, y(n)=7y(n-1)-12y(n2)+2x(n)-x(n-2) for the input x(n)=u(n).(OCT/NOV 2002). Find the linear convolution of x(n)={1,2,3,4} and h(n)={2,3,4,1}.(NOV 2002). Find the impulse response of the stable system whose input-output is relation is given by the equation y(n)-4y(n-1)+3y(n-2)=x(n)+2x(n-1).(APR/MAY 2003). Find the overall impulse response of the system shown in figure.(MAY 2003).

5.

6. 7.

8.

9.

Given y(n)=x(n)+1/8x(n-1)+1/3x(n-2).Find whether the system is stable or not.(NOV/DEC 2003). Compute the convolution of the two sequences given and plot the output.(DEC 2003).

10.

11.

Find the output sequence y(n) of the system described by the equation y(n)=0.7y(n-1)0.1y(n-2)+2x(n)-x(n-2).For the input sequence x(n)=u(n).(DEC 2003). Find the overall impulse response of the causal system shown in figure.(DEC 2004).

12.

Here 13. 14.

(1/3) u(n),

(1/2) u(n), and

(1/5) u(n).

Find the convolution of x(n)={1,2,3,4,5} with h(n)={1,2,3,3,2,1}.(MAY 2005). Find the impulse response of the discrete-time system described by the difference equation, Y(n-2)-3(n-1)+2y(n)=X(n-1).(APR/MAY 2005).

15.

Realize direct form -I, direct form-II, cascade and parallel realization of the discrete time system having the system function H(z)=[2(z+2) / [z(z-0.1) (z+0.5)(z+0.4)].(APR/MAY 2004). Solve the difference equation ,y(n)-5/6y(n-1)+1/6y(n-2)=x(n) with x(n)= ( )1/3 ( ). Assume zero initial condition.(DEC 2009). Determine the natural response with zero input response for the following system Y(n)-1/4y(n-1)-1/8y(n-2)=x(n)+x(n-1) with y(-1)=0, y(-2)=1.(DEC 2009).

16.

17.

18.

Consider the causal LTI system characterized by the difference equation Y(n)-3/4y(n-1)+1/8y(n-2)=2x(n).(MAY/JUNE 2010). i). Determine the system function H(z) ii). Find the output of the system when input x(n)=(1/4) u(n) iii).Is the system stable? iv).Draw the block diagram realization of the system.

19.

For a DT system when the input x(n)=u(n), the output y(n)=( ) u(n-1). Find H(z) and obtain its pole zero diagram and show that the difference equation is y(n)=x(n-1)-x(n-2)+1/2y(n-1).(MAY/ JUN 2010)