SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS TWO MARK QUESTION BANK

UNIT I- CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

1. Determine whether the following signal is energy or power signal and calculate its energy or power: x(t)= u(t) [NOV/DEC 2012] The signal x(t)= u(t) is energy signal because it is non-periodic signal. ( ) For energy signal Here x(t)= 2. for t = * +=1/4 joules. Check whether the following system is static or dynamic and also causal or non causal: y[n]=x[2n] [NOV/DEC 2012] Given system is y[n]=x[2n] At n=-1, y[-1]=x[-2] At n=0, y[0]=x[0] At n=1, y[1]=x[2] At n=2, y[2]=x[4] Static or dynamic: Here the present output depends on present input and also past and future input values. So it is dynamic system. Causal or non-causal: Here the present output depends on present and past input and also on future input values. So it is non-causal system. Check whether the given signal x(t) is an even or odd signal x(t)=sin( t/T), for T t T and x(t) is zero outside this defined interval.[NOV/DEC 2011] Given x (t) =sin ( t/T), for T t T x (-t)=sin( t/T)= - sin( t/T) For even signal ( ) ( ). Here ( ) ( ), therefore the given signal is odd signal. Give the relationship between unit impulse and unit step function, ramp function and step function.[NOV/DEC 2011] The relationship between unit step and unit delta function is u(t) () The relationship between step and unit ramp function is tu(t) = r(t) Define deterministic signals and random signals with examples [NOV/DEC 2011] A deterministic signal is one which can be completely represented by Mathematical equation at any time.In a deterministic signal there is no uncertainty with respect to its value at any time. Eg:x(t)=cost x(n)=2fn A random signal is one which cannot be represented by any mathematical equation. Eg: Noise generated in electronic components, transmission channels, cables etc. Represent the unit step sequence u[n] in terms of linear combination of weighted shifted impulse functions [NOV/DEC 2010] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. Find the Fundamental Period of the Signal x(t)= ( We know that the standard sinusoidal signal is given as x(t)= ( t+) -------------------------eqn1 Given signal is x(t)= ( t) ---------------- eqn2 Compare eqn 1 and 2, =>2f= Hz Frequency f

t) [NOV/DEC 2010]

Fundamental period T=1/f sec. Therefore T= sec

8. Define energy and power signal.[NOV/DEC 2010, APR/MAY 2005] The signal x (t) is said to be power signal, if and only if the normalized average power p is finite and non-zero. Ie. 0<p< A signal x (t) is said to be energy signal if and only if the total normalized energy is finite and non-zero. Ie. 0<E< 9. Define unit step, Ramp, and delta functions for CT and DT.[APRIL/MAY 2010,MAY/JUNE 2009]] Unit step function is defined as u(t)={ r(t)={ (t)={ u[n]={ r[n]={ (n)={

Unit ramp function is defined as

Unt impulse or delta function is defined as

10. When is a system said to be memory less? Give an example[APRIL/MAY 2010] Memory less or static system: If the output of the system depends upon present input only, then it doesnt require memory. Such system is called memory less or static. Eg: y(t) = 3x(t)+10 11. What is the period of the signal x[n]=2 ?[APRIL/MAY 2003] Given x[n] =2 . Compare x[n] with A ( ). This gives, = n/4 => F= which is not rational. Hence this is not periodic signal. 12. Define linear time invariant system [APRIL/MAY 2003] A system which satisfies both linearity and time invariant property, then the system is said to be linear time invariant (LTI) system.(ie) The output response of the LTI system is linear and time invariant. 13. Show that the complex exponential signal x(t)= is periodic and that fundamental period is [APRIL/MAY 2011,MAY/JUNE 2009] We know that, x (t)= = Here both the sinusoidal terms have same frequency of and they are periodic and = 2f Therefore f=/2 & fundamental period, T=1/f = =
( )

14. Determine whether the signal x[n]= cos(0.1n) is periodic or not.[ APRIL/MAY 2008] Given: x[n] = cos(0.1n) Compare x[n] with A ( ). Here =0.1n f = 0.1/2 = = Since f is rational, the signal is periodic. Its period is N=20samples. 15. Find the energy and power of the signal x(t)=Acos(t+).[APRIL/MAY 2010] The given signal x (t) =Acos(t+) is power signal since it is periodic. For power signal power (P) is finite and energy (E) is infinite. We know that for power signal, ( ) = ( ) = = +0 Power P= ; Energy E= . ( ) = ( )

16. Check whether the system y (t) =x (t-1) +x (t+1) is causal or not [APRIL/MAY 2010] Given y (t) =x (t-1) +x (t+1) At t=-1, y (-1) =x (-2) +x (0) At t=0, y (0) =x (-1) +x (1) At t=1, y (1) =x (0) +x (2) At t=2, y (2) =x (1) +x (3) Causal or non-causal: Here the present output depends on past input and future input values but not on present input. So it is non-causal system. 17. What is the total energy of the discrete time signal x[n] which takes the value of unity at n=-1,0 & 1?[NOV/DEC 2003] Energy of the signal is given as [ ] [ ] = [ ] [ ] [ ] = 1+1+1=3. 18. Draw the Sinc function.[NOV/DEC 2003] ( ) Sinc(0)=1 by LHospitals rule. Other values can be calculated directly.

19. What is an energy signal? Check whether or not the unit step signal is an energy signal.[APRIL/MAY 2004] Energy Signal A signal x(t) is said to be energy signal if and only if the total normalized energy is non-zero. i.e., 0<E< ( ) dt = since x(t)=,

finite and

= Since energy is not finite, unit step signal is not energy signal. 20. Classify the following signals as a) periodic or non-periodic and b) energy or power signal. 1) , a>1, 2) [NOV/DEC 2004] a) Periodicity 1) ean is nonperiodic since it is exponential signal 2) is periodic signal since it is phasor of frequency f. b) Energy or Power 1) Since ean is nonperiodic signal, let us calculate its energy = This signal is neither energy nor power signal. 2) is periodic signal. Hence let us calculate its power. i.e., ( ) Since | |=1

=1

since power is finite, this is power signal.

21. Draw the waveform x(-t) and x(2-t) of the signal x(t)= t for 0 t 3.[NOV/DEC 2004]

22. Is the signal x (t) =2cos (3t) +7cos (9t) periodic? [APR/MAR 2005,MAY /JUNE 2010 R-07] ( ) ( ) Compare the given signal with x (t) = = 3t => =3/2 =>T1=2/3 = 9/2 => =9/2 =>T2=2/9 T1 / T2 = (2/3)/ (2/9) =3/ which is not ratio of integers. Hence given signal is not periodic. 23. Is the system y(t)=y(t-1)+2ty(t-2) time invariant?[OCT/NOV 2002] Case i : The response to the delayed input y (t,t1 ) = f[x(t- t1 )] = y (t-1- t1) +2(t- t1) y (t-2- t1) Case ii : Delayed Output y (t- t1)= y(t-1- t1)+2ty(t-2- t1) Hence y (t- t1) y (t, t1 ). This is time variant system. 24. Is the following system invertible? Given y(t)=x2 (t) [NOV/DEC 2003] The system squares input. The invertible system has to take square root. But [-x (t)] 2 = x2(t). This means output of x2(t) is obtained for two inputs x (t) as well as x (t). Hence this system is not invertible. 25. Check whether the system having input output relation y(t)= ( )d is linear time invariant or not? [APRIL/MAY 2004] Ginen y(t)= ( )d This is an integration of input. Integration is always independent of time shift. Hence this is time invariant system. 26. What is the periodicity of the signal x(t)= ( ) ( )? [NOV/DEC 2004] Compare the given signal with x(t)= ( ) ( ) = 100t => =50 =>T1=1/50 = 150t => =75 =>T2=1/75 T1 / T2 = (1/50)/(1/75) =3/2. This is rational,the signal is periodic. The fundamental period will be, T= 2 T1 = 3 T2. i.e., least common multiple of T1 and T2. Here T= 1/25 27. Define periodic and aperiodic signals. Give an example for each case. [DEC 2009] A signal is said to be periodic signal if it repeats at equal intervals. A CT signal which satisfies the equation x(t)=x(t+T0) is said to be periodic. Eg: x (t) = ( ) A discrete time (DT) signal is periodic, if its frequency can be expressed as ratio of two integers i.e., f . Here k and N are integer and N is the period of discrete time signals and DT signal satisfies the equation x (n) =x (n+N). Aperiodic signals do not repeat at regular intervals. Eg: x (t) = . 28. Represent a discrete unit impulse signal as a sequence and a mathematical expression.[DEC 2009] Sequence representation for unit impulse signal [n] = {. 0, 0, 1, 0, 0} Mathematical expression for unit impulse signal (n) ={

29. Classify continuous time systems(Or) what is the classification of systems?[DEC 2009,NOV/DEC 2009] The DT and CT systems are classified according to their characteristics as follows (i). Linear and Non-Linear systems (ii). Time invariant and Time varying systems. (iii). Causal and Non causal systems. (iv). Stable and unstable systems. (v). Static and dynamic systems. (vi). Inverse systems. 30. Define odd and even signal. [NOV/DEC 2005] A DT signal x(n) is said to be an even signal if x(-n)=x(n) and an odd signal if x(-n)=-x(n). A CT signal is x(t) is said to be an even signal if x(t)=x(-t) and an odd signal if x(-t)=-x(t). 31. Find the average power of the unit step sequence.[MAY/JUNE 2010] ( ) Power W.K.T unit step sequence u[n]={ ( [ ] ( )

) = < . P = 1/2 watts.

32. State stability property of a discrete time signal.[DEC 2009] When the system produces bounded output for bounded input, then the system is called bounded input, bounded output (BIBO) stable. 33. Obtain the even and odd components of x(t)= u(t) [MAY/JUNE 2010] Here x (t) = for t 0 For even signal xe (t) = [x (t) + x (-t)]/2 = [ ]/ 2 For odd signal xo (t) = [x (t) - x (-t)]/2 = [ ]/ 2 34. Verify whether x (t) = u (t) is a energy signal or not. [MAY/JUNE 2010 R-07] For energy signal ( ) Since x (t) = t = E= [0 + ] = joules = [ ( ) [E]
( )

For power

] = 0. Therefore power P = 0

Since Energy is constant & power is zero. The given signal is an energy signal. 35. Find average power of the signal, x[n]= u[n].[DEC 2009 R-07] ( ) Power W.K.T unit step sequence u[n] ={ [ ] = = [ [ ] = 0. ; Since ]= Power P = 0 [ = ] for a >0

36. If the discrete time signal x[n]={-1,0,7,2,5,-6,-4,3}, then find y[n]=x[2n-3] [DEC 2009 R-07]

x[n-3]= { 0,0,0,-1,0,7,2,5,-6,-4,3 }

x[2n-3]= { 0, 0, 0,2,- 6, 3 } 37. Sketch the given signal x[n]=u[n]-u[n-2]. [APRIL/MAY 2010]

38. Write the relationship between unit step, unit impulse &unit ramp signals[DEC 2009 R-07] Unit step u (t) = ( ) ; where (t) = impulse response Unit ramp r (t) = ( ) = t u (t). 39. Is the system + + 5 ( )= ( ) linear and tine invariant? [NOV/DEC 2010] If the Input is x1(t) and the out is ( ) then the differential equation can be written as + + 5 ( )= ( ) (1) Similarly for input x2(t) and output y2(t),it can be written as + + 5 ( )= ( ) . (2) Multiply eqn (1) by a and eqn (2) by b and add to obtain a
( ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

+
( )

( ) ( ))

+5
(

( ))+b
( )

( ) ( ))

( )

+5

( )=

( ) +b

( )

( ) ( ))= + + 5( ( ) +b ( ) If RHS is the weighted sum of inputs and LHS is the weighted sum of outputs, then the system is linear. Therefore, the system is linear. 40. If the DT signal x[n]={3,2,1,-1,-7,6}, then find y[n]=x[2n-3] [MAY/JUNE 2010] x[n-3]= { 0,0,0,3,2,1,-1,-7,6 }

x[2n-3]= { 0,0,2, -1,6 }

41. For the Signal shown in Fig, Find x(2t+3).[NOV/DEC 2009]

PART B 1. Find the fundamental period of the following signal x(n)=cos(n/2) sin(n/8)+ cos[(n/8) + (/3)] [OCT/NOV 2002, MAY/JUNE 2013] 2. Find whether the following signal is periodic or not? X (n) = 5cos (6n). [NOV/DEC 2003] 3. Define and plot the following signals1) Ramp 2) Step 3) Pulse 4) Impulse & 5) Exponential. Obtain the relionship between the unit stepfunction and unit ramp function [APR/MAY 2004, MAY/JUNE 2013] 4. Determine energy of the discrete time signal x (n) = (1/2) n, n & 3n, n<0. [MAY 2005]

5. Verify whether the following system is linear. Y (n) = x (n) + nx(n+1). [NOV 2002] 6. Test whether the system described by the equation y(n)= n x(n) is i) linear ii) shift invariant [NOV/DEC 2003] 7. Verify the linearity, causality and time invariance of the system, y(n+2)=ax(n+1) + b x(n-1). (NOV/DEC 2004) 8. Y(t)= x(t) cos(200t) check whether the system is time invariant or time variant.[DEC 2009] 9. a) Determine whether or not each of the following signals is periodic. If a signal is periodic, determine its fundamental period. [MAY/JUNE 2010] i) x1(t) = cos(t+/4) ii)x2(t)= ej[(/2)t-1] iii) X3(n) = cos[(/3)n] + sin[(/4)n] iv) X4(n) = cos2[(/8)n] v) x5(t) =4cos(5t) b) a trapezoidal pulse x(t) is defined by x(t)=5-t, 4 t 5 1 -4 t 4 5-t, -5 t -4 Determine total energy of x(t) and sketch x(2t-3).

10. Show that unit impulse response can be used to obtain the response for any input for an LTI system.Also determines whether the following systems are linear, time invariant and causal.[MAY/JUNE 2010] 11. Check whether the given system is static or dynamic, linear or non linear, causal or non causal, time invariant or variant. y(n-2)+y(n-2)+y(n) =x(n)+x(n+2). [MAY/JUNE 2013] 12. i) Given y[n] = x[n]+1/8 x[n-2] + 1/3 x[n-2] find whether the system is stable or not. [MAY/JUNE 2013] ii) For the given signal x(t) in FIG determine 1)x(2t-1) 2) [x(t)+x(-t)]/2 [MAY/JUNE 2013]

13. i.)Define an energy and power signal. (4 marks)[MAY/JUNE 2013] ii) Determine whether the following signals are energy or power and calculate their energy or power. [MAY/JUNE 2013] (1) X(n)= (1/2)n u(n) (2) X(t)= rect(t/T0) (3) X(t)=cos2(0t) (4 marks) (4 marks) (4 marks)

14. i.)How the signals are are classified? Explain. [ NOV/DEC 2012] ii) Determine whether the following signal is periodic. If periodic, determine the fundamental period: x(t)=3coct + 4cos(t/3) iii) Give the equation and draw the waveforms of discrete time real and complex exponential signals. 15. i.)Determine whether the following system is linear, time invariant, stable and invertible: [ NOV/DEC 2012] (1). y (n) =x2(n) (2) y(n)=x(-n) ii) Define LTI system. List the properties of LTI system and explain (6) 16. i) Define linearity and time invariance properties and check whether the corresponding systems given are linear and time invariant or not? a) y[n]=x2[n-2] b) y[n]=4x[n]+6 (8marks)[NOV/DEC 2011] ii) State BIBO stability criterion and causality for LTI systems. Check whether the system y(t)= tx(t) is stable or unstable and y[n]=x[-n] is causal or non causal? (8marks) 17. Define exponential, ramp, periodic and aperiodic signals. Determine whether the signal x(t)=cos2(2t) is periodic and if so, find its fundamental period. (8marks) [ NOV/DEC 2011] 18. Check linearity , time invariance, causality and memory status of the systems i) y(n)= x(n)x(n-1) ii)y(t)=10x(t)+5 iii) y[n]=nx[n] iv) y(t)=x(-t) [ NOV/DEC 2010]