CHEM 1A Discussion 10 Equilibrium

Week 10

Using your knowledge from the reading and lecture, complete the following exercises in small groups. As a group, decide on an answer and justify how you came to that answer. 1 bar = 0.9869 atm
! !! ! ! !!! ! !" !" !

Molarity: ! !

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! ! !!!"#

! !!! ! !!" !" !

! !!!"# ! !!!"# !!!"# !!!"# ! !! ! !!" !" !

For reactions of the form !! ! !! ! !! ! !!, ! ! 1) Complete the Gibbs free energy table at the right. (Remember, !G = !H T!S) !G !H !S +

!!!! !!!!

T!S

Spontaneous?

2) For the reaction + !"!! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !"!! ! ! one test reaction is carried out inside an isolated container at 1000K. After this reaction, the + partial pressures are measured to be: !!!!! ! ! ! !!!!"!!"# !!!! ! !!!!! ! !!!"#!!"# !!!!! ! !!!!! ! !!!"#!!"# What is the equilibrium constant at 1000K? Now say the same reaction was run at 1000K + given the following initial conditions!!!!!! ! !!!!! ! !!!"#"!!"# + + !!!! ! !!!!! ! !!!"!!"# What is the partial pressure of SO3 after the reaction has come to equilibrium? What is the total pressure inside the reaction vessel?

Never Only at low T Only at high T

3) Consider the following reaction: !"#$% ! !"#$ ! !!! ! !"#$ ! !! ! Say you are building an apparatus for producing chlorine gas. Due to shortages, you are unable to order more chemicals and therefore must synthesize as much chlorine gas with as few reactants as possible. How can you drive this reaction forward without using more NaOCl or HCl? 4) Dissolving solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water is an exothermic process, yielding aqueous sodium cations and hydroxide anions. Write out the balanced equation. What are the four ways to shift equilibrium to products?

5) In order to quickly calculate stoichiometry or equilibrium problems, chemists like to use ICE (Initial, Change, Equilibrium) tables to organize information regarding the reactants and products. For the following reaction: ! ! ! ! !"!!!!!!!!!!!!!K = 0.2 M-1 9 moles of A and 3 moles of B are added to a 3L vat of water and the system is allowed enough time to equilibrate. What are the concentrations of A, B, and AB at equilibrium? An example ICE table is provided below. [I] Initial Conc. [C] Change in Conc. [E] Conc. At Equil. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!! 3M 1M 0M x x +x 3-x 1-x x

Using the ICE table and the equilibrium constant equation, solve for the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium. 6) A mixture of 0.100M NO (g), 0.050M H2 (g), and 0.100M H2O (g) is placed in a sealed container and left to react. After the reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium, 0.062M of NO (g) is found. What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction? !"# ! ! !"! ! ! !! ! ! !"! ! ! NO (g) Initial (M) Change (M) Equilbrium (M) 7) A mole of gas undergoes a reaction in which it decomposes into three moles of a new gas through the following reaction: !! !! ! !!!! !! ! What is the sign of !S? If this decomposition is endothermic, what is the sign of !H? When will it be spontaneous? At low T, high T, always, or never? What will the graph of !G vs. T look like? 8) Given the following reactions, i. ii. iii. Balance each equation Write reaction quotients (Q) For those reactions that arent at room temperature, calculate the equilibrium constants for the reactions at room temperature (273 K) !! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !"#! ! !"! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !"! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! !!! !!! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! !"!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!"!" !!!""!!! ! !!!!!!!"!" !!!"#!!! ! !!!"!!!!"!! !!!"#!!! ! !!!!!!!"!!" !!!""!!! H2 (g) N2 (g) H2O (g)