Escolar Documentos
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Cultura Documentos
FIRE
Agenda
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What is a Fire Alarm System? FA Circuits (Classes & Styles) Peripherals in Brief How to Wire a Building Voltage Drop Considerations Old & Obsolete FA Panels and Concepts
z z z
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The main purpose of a fire alarm system is to protect life and property by giving early warning of a fire, so that the occupants can evacuate and/or the Fire Department can respond. A system must be able to detect the initiation of a fire condition, but also notify someone such as emergency personnel, the ocupants of the facility, or both.
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Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) Initiating Devices Notification Appliances Emergency Control Supplementary Equipment
FIRE Logic/Control
NACs AUX
Relays
City Ckt
120 VAC
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Control Unit Initiating Device Circuits (IDCs) Notification Appliance Circuits (NACs) Auxiliary Circuits Power Supply
FIRE
Logic/Control
NACs AUX
Relays
Primary
Secondary
City Ckt
120 VAC
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Initiating Devices
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The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) classifies circuit Types and dictate their Performance
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A circuit to which automatic or manual initiating devices are connected where the signal received does not identify the individual device operated Zone
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Inputs
Outputs
Initiating Devices
SMK DET
Logic/Control
User Interface
Program Distribution Hardware / Software
NACs
Strobe
Simplex
AUX
Relays
Waterflow
F I R E
WF
City Ckt
Smoke Control
Sprinkler Tamper
Door Holders
ZONE 1 ZONE 2
Simplex
ZONE 3 ZONE 4
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Initiating Devices
n n
Manual Stations
PULL
Simplex
n n
Water Flow
Supervisory Switches
z z
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Normal State
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Normal State
Alarm State
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Normal State
Electronics
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Normal State
Alarm State
Electronics
Electronics
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In 1993 NFPA introduced circuit Styles in order to clarify the difference in circuit operation made available by new hardware and software
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Class B (Style B)
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FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
Simplex
Simplex
Simplex
FIRE
+ _
ALARM
ALARM
SUPERVISORY
TROUBLE
SILENCED
ON
ALARM ACK
ALARM ACK
SUPV ACK
TBL ACK
ALARM SILENCE
SYSTEM RESET
ACKNOWLEDGE
+ _
1ST FLOOR 2ND FLOOR ELECTRICAL NORTH CLOSET HALLWAY ROOM 102 SMOKE DETECTOR
FIRE PRIORITY 2 SYSTEM SYSTEM ALARM
ALARM
POWER
ALARM
ALARM
SUPERVISORY
TROUBLE
SILENCED
ON
ALARM ACK
ALARM ACK
SUPV ACK
TBL ACK
ALARM SILENCE
SYSTEM RESET
ACKNOWLEDGE
+ _
+ _
1ST FLOOR 2ND FLOOR ELECTRICAL NORTH CLOSET HALLWAY ROOM 102 SMOKE DETECTOR
FIRE PRIORITY 2 SYSTEM SYSTEM ALARM
TROUBLE ALARM
POWER
ALARM
ALARM
SUPERVISORY
TROUBLE
SILENCED
ON
ALARM ACK
ALARM ACK
SUPV ACK
TBL ACK
ALARM SILENCE
SYSTEM RESET
ACKNOWLEDGE
FIRE
Class A (Style D)
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
Simplex
Simplex
Simplex
FIRE
+ _
+ _
+ _
*
+ _
*
FIRE
Class B (Style B)
+ _
R E L A Y
Power Circuit
IDC Zone
+
Zone Circuit
+ _
R E L A Y
IDC Zone
+ _
FIRE
Class B (Style B)
IDC Module
+ _
MicroRelay Form A Aux Contacts
IDC Module
+ _
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Fire alarm panels are designed to work with specific types of 2-wire Detectors There is a limitation to the Quantity of detectors which can be placed on a single circuit Only auxiliary output function can be guaranteed on a single circuit
Smoke Detectors - 2 wire (Current Limited)
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Class B (Style B)
Sprinkler Tamper
Combination Circuits
WF
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This would cause a trouble signal Old School Not Allowed Must be a Supervisory signal
+ _
WF
WF
IDC Module
+ _
WF
IDC Module
+ _
MAIN 1STRISER FLOOR - EAST ELECTRICAL ENTRANCE CLOSET ROOM 102 SMOKE DETECTOR TAMPER
FIRE PRIORITY 2 SYSTEM SYSTEM ALARM
ALARM SUPERV
POWER
ALARM
ALARM
SUPERVISORY
TROUBLE
SILENCED
ON
ALARM ACK
ALARM ACK
SUPV ACK
TBL ACK
ALARM SILENCE
SYSTEM RESET
ACKNOWLEDGE
WF
IDC Module
+ _
MAIN 1STRISER FLOOR - EAST ELECTRICAL ENTRANCE CLOSET ROOM 102 SMOKE DETECTOR WATERFLOW
FIRE PRIORITY 2 SYSTEM SYSTEM ALARM
ALARM ALARM
POWER
ALARM
ALARM
SUPERVISORY
TROUBLE
SILENCED
ON
ALARM ACK
ALARM ACK
SUPV ACK
TBL ACK
ALARM SILENCE
SYSTEM RESET
ACKNOWLEDGE
FIRE
+ _
Tamper Supervisory
+
Waterflow Alarm
WF
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Notification Appliances
FIRE
FIRE
Inputs
Outputs
Initiating Devices
SMK DET
Logic/Control
User Interface
Program Distribution Hardware / Software
NACs
Strobe
Simplex
AUX
Relays
Waterflow
F I R E
WF
City Ckt
Smoke Control
Sprinkler Tamper
Door Holders
ZONE 1 ZONE 2
Simplex
ZONE 3 ZONE 4
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Notification Appliances
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Audibles
z z z
Visuals
z
Non-synchronized Synchronized
n n
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Normal State
Cathode
+
-
Anode
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Normal State
24 VDC
Cathode
Current
24 VDC
0.00
Anode
+
0.00 Resistance
EOL Value
24 VDC
Cathode
Anode
+
Alarm Mode = Remove DC monitoring and Output Signal (AC)
24 VDC
Audio Signal
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Normal State
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Normal State
Activated State
AC
AC
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Class B (Style Y)
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NAC Module
NORMAL
POWER
ALARM
ALARM
SUPERVISORY
TROUBLE
SILENCED
ON
ALARM ACK
ALARM ACK
SUPV ACK
TBL ACK
ALARM SILENCE
SYSTEM RESET
ACKNOWLEDGE
NAC Module
+ _
NAC Module
+
This device can not operate
1ST FLOOR 2ND FLOOR ELECTRICAL NORTH CLOSET HALLWAY ROOM 102 SMOKE SIGNALS DETECTOR
FIRE PRIORITY 2 SYSTEM SYSTEM ALARM
TROUBLE ALARM
POWER
ALARM
ALARM
SUPERVISORY
TROUBLE
SILENCED
ON
ALARM ACK
ALARM ACK
SUPV ACK
TBL ACK
ALARM SILENCE
SYSTEM RESET
ACKNOWLEDGE
NAC Module
+ _
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Class A (Style Z)
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NAC Module
NAC Module *
+ _
* * Contacts Close on Alarm Condition
NAC Module
NAC Module *
+ _
* * Contacts Close on Alarm Condition
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Phone Circuit
Phone Jack
+ _
5k EOL
300
5k EOL = Normal 300 = Phone plugged in Open = Trouble Short = Trouble GF = Trouble
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Signaling Lines
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A circuit or path between any combination of circuit interfaces, control units, or transmitters over which multiple system input signals or output signals, or both are carried
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Class B (Style 4)
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FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble 101 Status: Normal
101
102
103
104
Device Response
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102 Status: Alarm
102
103
104
Device Response
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Device Response
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Normal
101
102
103
104
Device Response
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble 101 Status: Normal
101
102
103
104
Device Response
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102 Status: Alarm
102
103
104
Device Response
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 No Answer 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Device Response
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 No Answer 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 No Answer 104 No Answer
101
102
103
104
Device Response
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Class A (Style 6)
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FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble 101 Status: Normal
101
102
103
104
Device Response
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102 Status: Alarm
102
103
104
Device Response
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Device Response
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
FACP Memory
101 Normal 102 Alarm 103 Trouble 104 Normal
101
102
103
104
Device Response
FACP Memory
101 No Answer 102 No Answer 103 No Answer 104 No Answer
101
102
103
104
SLC Failure
Catastrophic Failure
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FIRE
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Token
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Token
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Token
Token
MODULES
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MONITOR
Relay Module,
z
Signal Module
Signal
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MONITOR
FIRE
MONITOR
MONITOR
FIRE
Supervised IAM
y
Supervised IAM
SLC
+ _
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Control Devices
Unsupervised Control ZAM y Supervised Signal ZAM
y
_
SLC
+ _
_
SLC
+ _
+ _
Resetable Power
_
SLC
R E L A Y
+ _
Control ZAM
+
Operating Power Normally Open Normally Closed
_
SLC
1 Relay
Normally Open Normally Closed
Signal ZAM
+
Operating Power
_
SLC
SIGNAL Power
INTELLIGENT DEVICES
MODULES
n n n
1-gang Mount
1-gang Mount
Monitor Module
SIGA-MM1
n
1-gang Mount
Waterflow/Tamper Module
SIGA-WTM
n
Factory Pre-loaded Waterflow (16 second delayed latching retard) and Supervisory Input
z
1-gang Mount
2-gang Mount
2-gang Mount
Control Relay
SIGA-CR
n
Form C NO or NC Contact
z z z z z
0.5 amps @ 220 Vac (non UL) 0.5 amps @ 120 Vac 2 amps (pilot duty) @ 24 Vdc 50 watts @ 25 Vaudio 35 watts @ 70 Vaudio
1-gang Mount
Two Class B or one Class A Initiating Device Circuits One Class A or B Indicating Appliance Circuit One Class A or B Smoke Detector Circuit (2-wire verified or non-verified) One Form C Dry Contact Relay
SIGA-UM
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Emergency Controls
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Inputs
Outputs
Initiating Devices
SMK DET
Logic/Control
User Interface
Program Distribution Hardware / Software
NACs
Strobe
Simplex
AUX
Relays
Waterflow
F I R E
WF
City Ckt
Smoke Control
Sprinkler Tamper
Door Holders
ZONE 1 ZONE 2
Simplex
ZONE 3 ZONE 4
FIRE
Supervised
z z
Unsupervised
z z z z
Door Control (Holders & Locks) Smoke (Fan & Damper) Control Elevator Recall Emergency Lighting Control
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
SERIAL DACT
FIRE
SERIAL DACT
FIRE
SERIAL DACT
FIRE
SERIAL DACT
FIRE
ABC CORPORATION SMOKE DETECTOR ALARM THIRD FLOOR EAST STORAGE CLOSET
SERIAL DACT
FIRE
Supplementary Equipment
FIRE
Inputs
Outputs
Initiating Devices
SMK DET
Logic/Control
User Interface
Program Distribution Hardware / Software
NACs
Strobe
Simplex
AUX
Relays
Waterflow
F I R E
WF
City Ckt
Smoke Control
Sprinkler Tamper
Door Holders
ZONE 1 ZONE 2
Simplex
ZONE 3 ZONE 4
FIRE
Graphic or Directory Lamp Annunciators Computer Based Graphic Systems Text-based CRTs Text-based Printers
Simplex
FIRE
Basic Annunciators
n
Hardwired
z
FIRE
Basic Annunciators
n
Serial Annunciator
z z
Simplex
FIRE
Basic Annunciators
n
Simplex
120 VAC
FIRE
Basic Peripherials
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Manual Stations
z z z
Conventional & Addressable Single or Double Action Standard material - Lexan (Plastic)
y
Valve Tamper
z
FIRE
Smoke Detectors
z z z z z
Heat
z z z z
FIRE
Waterflow
z
Flame Detectors
FIRE
25 VRMS 70 VRMS
FIRE
XENON
15 cd y 30 cd y 110 cd
y
n n
FIRE
Miscellaneous Devices
n
Door Holders
z
n n
FIRE
IDC Module
+ _
Right
IDC Module
+ _
Wrong
IDC Module
+ _
Right
IDC Module
+ _
Right
NAC Module
+ _
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Pg. 72-99
Annex G
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Shielding
Most digital communication ckts require a twisted shielded pair (TSP) of wires. Shielding usually consist of a foil shield and a drain wire which is in continuous contact with the foil. Shielding prevents cross-talk between other circuits run next to the cable, shields against EMI or RFI noise or interference that could be induced from the surroundings and helps to prevent the shielded circuit from emitting noise that could interfere with other circuits.
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Shielding
1.
When joints or connections are made, as little of the cable as possible should be stripped back so that only a small amount of the wiring will be unshielded. The shield must be continuous throughout the ckt. In other words, the drain (shield) wires must be tied together with a good mechanical bond at every cable joint or splice.
2.
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Shielding
1.
The shield MUST be isolated from ground throughout the ckt. Usually this is done with electrical tape but it may be done with heat shrink. The shield is only tied to a signal ground at one point (usually at the control panel). This signal ground is sometimes earth ground and sometimes 0V or system common. . Grounds at more than one point on the shield can cause ground loops. This may create more noise than having no shield at all.
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Power limiting is accomplished by use of proper power source A power limited source can be:
z
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The equipment shall be durably marked where plainly visible to indicate each circuit that is a power-limited circuit.
If the circuits are not marked Power Limited, the system must be considered Non-Power Limited.
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Non-Power Limited
n
Single conductors are allowed (Table 760-51) Minimum conductor size in cable
z
#18AWG
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General Use Riser (Vertical Runs) Plenum or DUCT [NEC 300-22(b)] Other spaces used to transport Environmental air [NEC 300-22(c)]
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Wiring Considerations
Voltage Drop & Distances
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10,000 feet from module and back to the module or 50 ohms, whichever comes first (5,000 feet to furthest device)
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Class B (Style B)
y
Class A (Style D)
2,000 feet or 10 ohms, whichever comes first, from ZAM terminals and back to the ZAM terminals y 2000 feet from module and back to the module or 10 ohms, whichever comes first (1,000 feet to furthest device)
y
Wire Guage
z z
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Class B (Style 4)
10,000 feet maximum of all wire runs including: y All T-taps y Parallel runs y For each continuous run: y 2,500 feet for up to 250 IDNet devices y 2,500 feet for up to 128 MAPNET devices y 3,000 feet for up to 96 MAPNET devices y 4,000 feet for up to 64 MAPNET devices y When run exceeds 2,500 feet twisted shielded wiring is required.
y
FIRE
MAPNET
z
Class A (Style 6)
No T-tapping is allowed y For each continuous run from FACP and back: y 2,500 feet for up to 128 MAPNET devices y 1250 feet to furthest device y 3,000 feet for up to 96 MAPNET devices y 1500 feet to furthest device y 4,000 feet for up to 64 MAPNET devices y 2000 feet to furthest device y When run exceeds 2,500 feet twisted shielded wiring is required.
y
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Maximum distance (feet) (2 conductor cable) 18AWG 16AWG 14AWG 12AWG 845 1340 2138 3400 420 670 1065 1700 280 445 710 1130 210 335 530 850 165 265 425 680 140 220 350 565 120 190 300 480 105 165 265 425
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Speakers 25 VRMS
Maximum Distance (feet) 25VRMS POWER (Twisted Pair Wire) APPLIED 18AWG 16AWG 14AWG 12AWG 50W 400 680 1021 1624 40W 505 804 1279 2033 30W 673 1070 1704 2707 20W 1011 1608 2558 4067 10W 2024 3219 5120 8140
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Speakers 70 VRMS
70VRMS POW ER APPLIED 100W 80W 70W 60W 50W 40W 30W 20W 10W Maximum Distance (feet) (Twisted Pair W ire) 18AW G 16AW G 14AW G 12AW G 1620 2577 4098 6500 2020 3212 5108 8121 2317 3685 5860 9318 2700 4276 6800 10860 3241 5154 8197 13000 4040 6424 10216 16243 5379 8553 13602 21721 8065 12823 20394 32424 16000 25000 40000 64800
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FIRE
Old Stuff
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Works like inexpensive Christmas lights One fails, they all fail
z
120 VAC
y
FIRE
NEUT
Trouble Monitor Circuit
FIRE
NEUT
Trouble Monitor Circuit
Series AC
NAC Module
Right
NAC Module
+ _
FIRE
4246/4247 AC FACP
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4246/4247 AC FACP
n n
No Standby Batteries
n n
Built in groups of 2
FIRE
FIRE
Introduced in 1974
Transistor based replacment for the 4208 Not Programmable MOST features duplicated in 4XXX series panels
z
FIRE
FIRE
n
n
n n