Srinivasan Engineering College, Perambalur

Odd Semester 2012 2013 Course Handout

Date: 20.06.2013 Course No. Course Title Course Instructor Instructor-in-charge : : : : AE 2301 3003 FLIGHT DYNAMICS G.Muralidharan G.Muralidharan

Scope and Objective of the Course:

This course will introduce the basic forces acting on the aircraft and their relevance to statics and dynamics of aircraft. The initial part of the course will deal with the static force and moment balance on the aircraft that leads to static stability concepts, the location of centre of gravity and the necessity for control surfaces for the aircraft. The second part of the course will deal with the dynamics of the aircraft under the influence of aerodynamic forces and moments. The mathematical modeling of the aircraft, its transfer functions and aerodynamic stability derivatives are discussed. Stability augmentation and autopilots along with Handling Qualities of the aircraft as specifications for control design will be discussed. The effects of gust and practical implementation of control systems in aircraft will also be introduced.
Text book(s) [TB]

1. Perkins, C.D., and Hage, R.E., Airplane Performance stability and Control, John Wiley & Son:,
Inc, New York.
References [RB]

1. Etkin, B., Dynamics of Flight Stability and Control, Edn. 2, John Wiley, New York, 1982. 2. Nelson, R.C. Flight Stability and Automatic Control, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1998.. 3. Dommasch, D.O., Shelby, S.S., and Connolly, T.F., Aero plane Aero dynamics, Third Edition, Issac Pitman, London, 1981
Course Plan / Schedule:
S.No

1 2 3

Introduction International Standard Atmosphere Forces and moments acting on a flight vehicle Equation of motion of a rigid flight vehicle Different types of drag - Drag polar of vehicles from low speed to high speeds Variation of thrust, power and SFC with velocity and altitudes for air breathing engines and rockets Power available and power required curves.

Learning objectives

Ref. to Text Book

No. of lectures

To learn about the properties of air with respect to altitude variations. To learn about Forces and moments

R1 R1 R1

1 1 2

acting on a flight vehicle

To learn about equation of motion for calculating aircraft performance from the steady level flight. To learn about various types of drag affecting aircraft and drag reduction methods.

R1

8 9

To learn about power available and power required curves for piston engine and jet engine aircrafts. To learn about range and endurance for Range and endurance piston engine aircrafts and jet engine aircrafts. Climbing and gliding flight To learn about climbing and gliding

R1

T1 T1

2 2

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10

11

(Maximum rate of climb and steepest angle of climb, minimum rate of sink and shallowest angle of glide) Turning performance (Turning rate turn radius). Bank angle and load factor Limitations of pull up and push over V-n diagram and load factor. Performance of airplane in level flight - Maximum speed in level flight Conditions for minimum drag and power required Degree of freedom of rigid bodies in space - Static and dynamic stability Purpose of controls in airplanes Inherently stable and marginal stable airplanes Static, Longitudinal stability - Stick fixed stability Basic equilibrium equation Stability criterion Effects of fuselage and nacelle - Influence of CG location Power effects - Stick fixed neutral point Stick free stability-Hinge moment coefficient - Stick free neutral points Symmetric maneuvers - Stick force gradients - Stick _ force per 'g' Aerodynamic balancing. Determination of neutral points and maneuver points from flight test Basic equilibrium equation Stability criterion Effects of fuselage and nacelle - Influence of CG location Power effects - Stick fixed neutral point Dihedral effect - Lateral control Coupling between rolling and yawing moments Adverse yaw effects - Aileron reversal

performance of the aircraft from the equation of motion.

To learn about turning performance of aircraft. To learn about load factor considerations and maneuvering limitations. To learn about velocity and load factor diagram with respect to maneuvering conditions. To learn about minimum drag and minimum power required conditions.

T1 T1

2 2

T1 2 T1 2

12

13

T1 To study about the various degrees of freedom with respect to flight control and learn about the difference between stability and control.

14

15 16 17

To learn about the basic stability equation. To learn about stability equation with wing contribution and with tail contribution. To learn about neural point and power effects of aircraft.

T1 T1 T1 T1

1 2 2

18

To learn about stick fixed and stick free forces conditions for aircraft.

19

20 21 22 23 24 25

To learn about determination of neutral points and maneuver points from flight test. To learn basic equilibrium equation for Stability criterion. To study the effects of fuselage and nacelle with respect to CG location. To study about the power effects for the stability criteria. To study about lateral dihedral effect. To learn about how rolling effect is possible w.r.t yawing and yaw due to roll. To study about aileron reversal w.r.t high velocity conditions.

T1 2 R1 R1 R1 R1 R2 R2 1 2 1 2 1 1

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26

27 28

Static directional stability Weather cocking effect Rudder requirements One engine inoperative condition - Rudder lock

To learn about weather cocking effect and basic rudder requirements for the flight stability. To learn about rudder lock operation and one engine inoperative condition for the aircraft. Dynamic longitudinal stability: To derive the equations of motion for longitudinal stability condition. Equations of motion

R2 1 R2 1 R2 R2 1 R2 R2 R2 R2 1 1 1 1 1

29

30 31 32 33

Stability derivatives Characteristic equation of stick fixed case Modes and stability criterion Effect of freeing-the stick Brief description of lateral and directional. Dynamic stability - Spiral, divergence, Dutch roll, Auto rotation and spin.

To learn the stability derivatives from the equation of motion. To learn about Modes and stability

criterion.
To study about lateral and directional stability. To study unstable conditions of aircraft. To study unstable conditions of aircraft

Total number of classes planned: 45Hrs Evaluation scheme Internal Assessment

EC No. Evaluation Components Duration Weight Date & Time Venue

40% 10% 20%

Will be announced by the exam cell

13

Continuous

SLIP TEST QUESTIONS: Slip test-1 Slip test-2 Slip test-3 Slip test-4 Slip test-5 Slip test-6 Slip test-7 Slip test-8 Slip test-9 Slip test-10

Explain the types of drag and its reduction methods. Explain Equations of motion, Minimum drag and Minimum power condition. Explain Gliding flight, V-n diagram. Explain Range and Endurance equations. Explain wing-body with tail configuration. Explain stick fixed and stick free stability. Explain Stability derivatives, Rouths discrimenent. Explain One engine inoperative condition, Rudder lock. Explain Spin, Auto rotation. Explain Dutch roll, Weather cocking effect.

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To be announced later

1 2 3 4 5 12

Unit Test 1 Unit Test 2 Unit Test 4 Model Exam1 Model Exam2 Assignment Attendance Percentage

1.30hr 1.30hr 1.30hr 3hr 3hr 15 days

30%

I. II.

Assignment topic: Part-A Question with answer will be issued by the instructor on completion of each unit.

Timings for chamber consultation: Students should contact the Course Instructor in his chamber during lunch break.

Notices: All notices will be displayed on the Department Notice Board.

HOD

Instructor-In-Charge

Instructor

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