Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6

th
Edition
Chapter 8. Work, Energy, and Power
Work
8-1. What is the work done by a force of 20 acting thro!gh a para""e" distance of 8 #$ What
force wi"" do the sa#e work thro!gh a distance of % #$
Work = (20 &'8 #& ( 160 ) * F '% #& ( 160 )* + ( %0.0
8-2. , worker "ifts a %0 "b weight thro!gh a height of 10 ft. -ow #any #eters can a 10-kg
b"ock be "ifted by the sa#e a#o!nt of work$
Work = '20 "b&'10 ft& ( 200 ft "b*
1../6 )
200 ft "b 201 )
1 ft "b
Work
_

,
Work = Fs ( mgs*
2
201 )
'10 kg&'1.8 #2s &
Work
s
mg

* s ( 2.00 #
8-.. , t!gboat e3erts a constant force of %000 on a ship, #o4ing it a distance of 1/ #. What
work is done$
Work = '%000 &'1/ #&* Work ( 60,000 )
8-%. , /-kg ha##er is "ifted to a height of . #. What is the #ini#!# re5!ired work$
Work = Fs = '/ kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'. #&* Work = 1%0 )
8-/. , p!sh of .0 "b is app"ied a"ong the hand"e of a "awn #ower prod!cing a hori6onta"
disp"ace#ent of %0 ft. 7f the hand"e #akes an ang"e of .0
0
with the gro!nd, what work was
done by the .0-"b force$
Work = (F cos &s ( '.0 "b& cos .0
0
'%0 ft&
Work ( 10%0 ft "b
01
s ( %0 ft
P
F
k
N
.0
0
W
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
8-6. 8he tr!nk in +ig. 8-10 is dragged a hori6onta" distance of 2% # by a rope that #akes an
ang"e with the f"oor. 7f the rope tension is 8 , what works are done for the fo""owing
ang"es9 0
0
, .0
0
, 60
0
, 10
0
$
Work = (F cos &s = '8 & cos 0
0
'2% #& ( 112 )
Work = '8 & cos .0
0
'2% #& ( 166 ) * Work
60
( 16 ) * Work
10
( 0 )
8-0. , hori6onta" force p!shes a 10-kg s"ed a"ong a dri4eway for a distance of %0 #. 7f the
coefficient of s"iding friction is 0.2, what work is done by the friction force$
Work = (F cos &s = 'F& 'cos 180
0
&s = - F s; but F (
k
N =
k
mg
Work =
k
mg s = '0.2&'10 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'%0 #&* Work = :08% )
;8-8. , s"ed is dragged a distance of 12.0 # by a rope !nder constant tension of 1%0 . 8he
task re5!ires 1200 ) of work. What ang"e does the rope #ake with the gro!nd$
Work = (F cos &s*
1200 )
cos
'1%0 &'12 #&
Work
Fs

cos ( 0.01%* ( %%.%
0
Resultant Work
8-1. ,n a4erage force of %0 co#presses a coi"ed spring a distance of 6 c#. What is the work
done by the %0- force$ What work done by the spring$ What is the res!"tant work$
Work
40
= '%0 &'0.06 #& ( 2.%0 ), 'positive work)
Work
sp
( '-%0 &'0.06 #& ( -2.%0 ), (negative work)
Resultant work = 'works& ( 2.% ) : 2.% ) ( 0 )
Work is positive when fore is with !isplaement" negative when against !isplaement.
80

1%0
12 #
0.06 #
%0
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
8-10. , hori6onta" force of 20 drags a s#a"" s"ed %2 # across the ice at constant speed. +ind
the work done by the p!""ing force and by the friction force. What is the res!"tant force$
Work
40
= '20 &'2% #& ( 2.%0 ), 'positive work)
Work
sp
( '-20 &'2% #& ( -2.%0 ), (negative work)
Resultant fore an!" hene" resultant work are #ero$
;8-11. , 10-kg b"ock is dragged 20 # by a para""e" force of 26 . 7f
k
( 0.2, what is the
res!"tant work and what acce"eration res!"ts.
F (
k
N (
k
mg F ( 0.2'10 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
& ( 11.6
Work

= +
<
s = (% & F)s; Work = '26 : 11.6 &'20 #& Work ( 128 )
F
R
= '26 : 11.6 & ( 6.%0 *
6.%
10 kg
F
a
m

* a ( 0.6%0 #2s
2
;8-12. , rope #aking an ang"e of ./
0
drags a 10-kg too"bo3 a hori6onta" distance of 20 #. 8he
tension in the rope is 60 and the constant friction force is .0 . What work is done by
the rope$ What work is done by friction$ What is the res!"tant work$
'Work)
rope
( '60 & cos ./
0
'20 #&* 'Work)
r
= 18. )
(Work)
F
( '-.0 &'20 #& ( -600 )* (Work)
F
( -600 )
Resultant Work = (works) = 18. ) : 600 )* Resultant Work ( .8. )
'(tra work an show that for this e(ample"
k
( 0.%02
;8-1.. +or the e3a#p"e described in Prob"e# 8-12, what is the coefficient of friction between the
too"bo3 and the f"oor. (Refer to figure an! information given in previous problem$)
+
y
( 0* N ) '60 & sin ./
0
: '10 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
& ( 0 * and N ( 6..6
0.%02
k

F
N

k
( 0.%02
81
F
%2 #
20
F
20 #
26
60
N
mg
./
0
F
20 #
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
;8-1%. , %0-kg s"ed is p!""ed hori6onta""y for /00 # where
k
( 0.2. 7f the res!"tant work is
/0 k), what was the para""e" p!""ing force$
F (
k
N (
k
mg ( 0.2'%0 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&* F ( 08.%
(% & F) s ( /0 k)* 'P : 08.% &'/00 #& ( /0,000 )* P ( 108
;8-1/. ,ss!#e that m ( 8 kg in +ig. 8-11 and
k
( 0. What #ini#!# work is re5!ired by the
force P to reach the top of the inc"ined p"ane$ What work is re5!ired to "ift the 8 kg
b"ock 4ertica""y to the sa#e height$
*inimum work is for % = W sin %0
0
with #ero aeleration.
0
12 # 12 #
sin * 18.60 #
sin %0
s
s
* W = mg = 08.%
Work
%
= % s ('W sin %0
0
& s = '08.% & sin %0
0
'18.60 #&* Work
%
= 1%1 )
(Work)
+
= W h = '08.% &'12 #&* (Work)
+
( 1%1 )
;8-16. What is the #ini#!# work by the force P to #o4e the 8-kg b"ock to the top of the inc"ine
if
k
( 0.%. Co#pare this with the work to "ift it 4ertica""y to the sa#e height.
+
y
( 0* N ( #g cos %0
0
* N ( '08.% & cos %0
0
( 60.06
F (
k
N ( '0.%&'60.06 &* F ( 2%.0
+
3
( 0* % & F & mg sin %0
0
( 0* P ( F = W sin %0
0
% ( 2%.0 = '08.% & sin %0
0
* P ( 0%.% * Reall that s ( 18.60 # from %rob$ ,--..
Work
%
( '0%.% &'18.60 #& * Work
%
( 1.10 )
+ro# Prob. 8-1/, the work to "ift 4ertica""y is9 (Work)
+
( 1%1 )
82
/00 # N
F
mg
P
P
N
%0
0
%0
0
12 #
F
P
N
%0
0
%0
0
12 #
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
;8-10. What is the res!"tant work when the 8-kg b"ock s"ides fro# the top to the botto# of the
inc"ine in +ig. 8-11. ,ss!#e that
k
( 0.%.
/he resultant work is the work of the resultant fore0
F
R
= mg sin %0
0
: F ( '08.% &sin %0
0
: 0.%'08.% &cos %0
0
F
R
= 26.% * Work ( '26.% &'18.60 #& ( %12 )
Work and Kinetic Energy
8-18. What is the kinetic energy of a 6-g b!""et at the instant its speed is 110 #2s$ What is the
kinetic energy of a 1200-kg car tra4e"ing at 80 k#2h$ '80 k#2h ( 22.2 #2s&
'
k
( >mv
2
( >'0.006 kg&'110 #2s&
2
* '
k
( 210 )
'
k
( >mv
2
( >'1200 kg&'22.2 #2s&
2
* '
k
( 216 k)
8-11. What is the kinetic energy of a 2%00-"b a!to#obi"e when its speed is // #i2h$ What is
the kinetic energy of a 1-"b ba"" when its speed is %0 ft2s$ '// #i2h ( 80.0 ft2s&
2
2%00 "b
0/.0 s"!gs
.2 ft2s
a
W
m
g


2
1.00 "b
0.281 s"!gs
.2 ft2s
b
m
'
k
( >mv
2
( >'0/ s"!gs&'80.0 ft2s&
2
* '
k
( 2%%,000 ft "b
'
k
( >mv
2
( >'0.281 s"!gs&'%0 ft2s&
2
* '
k
( 22/ ft "b
8-20. What is the change in kinetic energy when a /0-g ba"" hits the pa4e#ent with a 4e"ocity of
16 #2s and rebo!nds with a 4e"ocity of 10 #2s$
Consi!er the upwar! !iretion as positive" then v
o
= -10 #2s an! v
f
( -16 #2s$
'
k
= 1mv
f
2
- 1mv
o
2
= >'0.0/ kg&'10 #2s&
2
- >'0.0/ kg&'-16 #2s&
2
'
k
= 2$.0 ) : 6.%0 ) ( -..10 ) * /he hange represents a loss of kineti energ2$
8.
mg
F
N
%0
0
%0
0
12 #
s ( 18.60 #
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
;8-21. , r!naway, %00-kg wagon enters a cornfie"d with a 4e"ocity of 12 #2s and e4ent!a""y
co#es to rest. What work was done on the wagon$
Work = 1mv
f
2
- 1mv
o
2
='0& - >'%00 kg&'12 #2s&
2
* Work ( -28.8 k)
;8-22. , 2%00-"b car increases its speed fro# .0 #i2h to 60 #i2h$ What res!"tant work was
re5!ired$ What is the e5!i4a"ent work in ?o!"es$
v
o
= .0 #i2h ( %% ft2s* v
f
= 60 #i2h ( 88 ft2s*
2
2%00 "b
0/.0 s"!gs
.2 ft2s
m
Work = 1mv
f
2
- 1mv
o
2
= >'0/ s"!gs&'88 ft2s&
2
- >'0/ s"!gs&'%% ft2s&
2
*
Work ( 210,800 ft "b * Work (
1 )
210,800 ft "b
0.0.08 ft "b
_

,
( 21/ k)
;8-2.. , 0.6-kg ha##er head is #o4ing at .0 #2s ?!st before striking the head of a spike. +ind
the initia" kinetic energy. What work can be done by the ha##er head$
'
k
= 1mv
2
( 1'0.6 kg&'.0 #2s&
2
* '
k
( 200 )
Work = '
k
= 0 & 200 )* Work ( -200 )
;8-2%. , 12-"b ha##er #o4ing at 80 ft2s strikes the head of a nai" #o4ing it into the wa"" a
distance of @ in. What was the a4erage stopping force$

2
12 "b
0..0/ s"!gs*
.2 ft2s
m s = 0$2.0 in. '1 ft212 in.& ( 0.020. ft* v
o
= ,0 ft2s
Fs = 1mv
f
2
- 1mv
o
2
* + '0.020. ft& ( 0 - >'0..0/ s"!gs&'80 ft2s&
2
* + ( /0,600 ft "b
8-2/. What a4erage force is needed to increase the 4e"ocity of a 2-kg ob?ect fro# / #2s to
12 #2s o4er a distance of 8 #$
Fs = 1mv
f
2
- 1mv
o
2
* F'8 #& ( >'2 kg&'12 #2s&
2
- >'2 kg&'/ #2s&
2
* + ( 1%.1
8%
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
;8-26. Aerify the answer to Prob"e# 8-2/ by app"ying ewtonBs second "aw of #otion.
/o appl2 F = ma" we nee! to fin! a0 2as = v
f
2
& v
o
2
2 2
2 2
0
'/ #2s& '12 #2s&
*
2 2'8 #&
f
v v
a
s

+ ( '2 kg&'-0.%% #2s
2
& ( -1%.1
;8-20. , 20-g pro?ecti"e strikes a #!d bank in +ig. 8-12, penetrating a distance of 6 c# before
stopping. +ind the stopping force + if the entrance 4e"ocity is 80 #2s.
Fs = 1mv
f
2
- 1mv
o
2
* + '0.06 #& ( 0 - >'0..02 kg&'80 #2s&
2
+ ( -1000
;8-28. , 1/00-kg car is #o4ing a"ong a "e4e" road at 60 k#2h. What work is re5!ired to stop the
car$ 7f
k
( 0.0, what is the stopping distance$ '60 k#2h ( 16.60 #2s&
Work = 1mv
f
2
- 1mv
o
2
* Work = 0 - >'1/00 kg&'16.60 #2s&
2
* Work ( -208,.00 )
/he work is !one b2 frition0 F (
k
N (
k
mg and 'Work&
F
= -(
k
mg)s
-(
k
mg)s = -20,"300 )*
2
208, .00 )
-0.0'1/00 kg&'1.8 #2s &
s

* s = 20.2 #
Potential Energy
8-21. , 2-kg b"ock rests on top of a tab"e 80 c# fro# the f"oor. +ind the potentia" energy of the
book re"ati4e to 'a& the f"oor, 'b& the seat of a chair %0 c# fro# the f"oor, and 'c& re"ati4e
to the cei"ing . # fro# the f"oor$
For '
p
= mgh" the height h is measure! from referene point0
For floor, h ( 0.8 #* for seat" h ( 0.% #* for table" h ( - 2.2 #
'a& E
p
( '2 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'0.8 #& ( 1/.0 )
'b& E
p
( '2 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'0.% #& ( 0.8% ) * 'c& E
p
( '2 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'-2.2 #& ( -%..1 )
8/
0.% #
0.8 #
. #
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
8-.0. , 1.2 kg brick is he"d a distance of 2 # abo4e a #anho"e. 8he botto# of the #anho"e is
. # be"ow the street. <e"ati4e to the street, what is the potentia" energy at each "ocation$
What is the change in potentia" energy$
E
p
( '1.2 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'2 #& ( 2../ ) for hel! brik.
E
p
( '1.2 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'-. #& ( -./.. ) for brik in ho"e
'
p
= '
f
& '
o
( -./.. ) : '2../ )&* '
p
( -/8.8 )
8-.1. ,t a partic!"ar instant a #ortar she"" has a 4e"ocity of 60 #2s. 7f its potentia" energy at that
point is one-ha"f of its kinetic energy, what is its height abo4e the earth$
E
k
( >#4
2
an! '
p
= mgh; 4t the instant in 5uestion" '
p
= 1'
k
2 2
1 1
or %
2 2
mgh mv gh v
_


,
and
2
%
v
h
g

2
2
'60 #2s&
%'1.8 #2s &
h h = 11.8 #
;8-.2. , 20-kg s"ed is p!shed !p a .%
0
s"ope to a 4ertica" height of 1%0 #. , constant friction
force of /0 acts for the entire distance. What e3terna" work was re5!ired$ What was
the change in potentia" energy$
'(ternal work !one b2 fore % ating for !istane s0
F
(
= 00 % & mg sin .%
0
: F ( 0* F ( /0 , m ( 20 kg
% ( '/ kg&'1.8 #2s
2
& sin .%
0
= /0 * % ( 00.%

0
1%0 #
2/0 #
sin.%
s * 'Work&
P
( '00.% &'2/0 #&* 'Work)
%
= 11.%00 )
E
p
( mgh ( '/ kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'1%0 #&* E
p
( 6860 )
/he !ifferene0 11,%00 ) : 6860 ) ( 12,/%0 ) is the work !one against frition.
86
P
F
N
mg
.%
0
.%
0
1%0 #
600
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
;8-... ,n a4erage force of 600 is re5!ired to co#press a coi"ed spring a distance of % c#.
What work is done CD the spring$ What is the change in potentia" energy of the
co#pressed spring$
Work !one 67 spring is opposite to ompressing fore$
Work = '-600 &'0.0% #& ( -2%.0 ) Work b2 spring = - 2%.0 )
8ow" '
%
= 0 initiall2" so that '
p
= -(Work)
9%
= -(-24 )&* E
p
( =2%.0 )
Conservation of Energy !o "riction#
8-.%. , 6%-"b weight is "ifted to a height of 10 ft and then re"eased to fa"" free"y. What is the
potentia" energy, the kinetic energy and the tota" energy at 'a& the highest point, 'b& . ft
abo4e the gro!nd, and 'c& at the gro!nd$ 'W = 6% "b, g = .2 ft2s
2
)
'a& '
%
= Wh ( '6% "b&'10 ft& ( 6%0 ft "b* '
%
( 6%0 ft "b
'
k
= 1mv
2
( 0 ' v
o
( 0); '
/
= '
%
) '
k
( 6%0 ft "b = 0
4t 10 ft9 '
%
( 6%0 ft "b* '
k
( 0* and '
/
( 6%0 ft "b
'b& '
%
= Wh ( '6% "b&'. ft& ( 112 ft "b* '
%
( 112 ft "b
'
k
= '
/
& '
%
; '
k
( 6%0 ft "b : 112 ft "b* E
k
( %%8 ft "b
4t . ft9 '
%
( 112 ft "b* '
k
( %%8 ft "b* and '
/
( 6%0 ft "b
'c& 4t 0 ft h = 0 an! '
/
is same0 '
%
( 0 ft "b* '
k
( 6%0 ft "b* and '
/
( 6%0 ft "b
8-./. , %-kg ha##er is "ifted to a height of 10 # and dropped$ What are the potentia" and
kinetic energies of the ha##er when it has fa""en to a point % # fro# the earth$
4t 10 #0 '
k
( 0 and '
%
= mgh ( '% kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'10 #&* E
8
( 0 = .12 ) ( .12 )
E
p
( #gh ( '% kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'% #&* E
p
( 1/0 )* E
k
( E
8
: E
P
( .12 ) : 1/0 )
80
0.0% #
h ( 10 ft
h ( . ft
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
/hus at h = 4 #9 E
P
( 1/0 ) and E
k
( 2./ )
;8-.6. What wi"" be the 4e"ocity of the ha##er in Prob"e# 8-./ ?!st before striking the gro!nd$
What is the 4e"ocity at the %-# "ocation$
4t bottom" '
p
= 0 an! '
/
= 3:2 ) so that '
k
= 3:2 ) : 0 ( .12 )*
'
k
= 1mv
2
( .12 )
2'.12 )&
% kg
v v = 1%.0 #2s
;8-.0. What initia" 4e"ocity #!st be gi4en to a /-kg #ass if it is to rise to a height of 10 #$
What is the tota" energy at any point in its path$
;n absene of frition" total energ2 at bottom must e5ual total energ2 at top0
'
/
= 1mv
o
2
) 0 = 0 ) mgh; v
o
2
= 2 gh

2
0
2 2'1.8 #2s &'10 #& v gh v
0
= 1%.0 #2s
2
'
/
= '
p
) '
k
at an2 point
4t top0 '
/
= 0 ) mgh = '/ kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'10 #&* E
8
( %10 )
;8-.8. , si#p"e pend!"!# 1 # "ong has an 8-kg bob. -ow #!ch work is needed to #o4e the
pend!"!# fro# its "owest point to a hori6onta" position$ +ro# energy considerations
find the 4e"ocity of the bob as it swings thro!gh the "owest point.
4 fore F e5ual to the weight mg must at through a !istane e5ual to length of string0
Work = mgh = '8 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'1 #&* Work ( 08.% )
/he total energ2 at top(mgh) must be e5ual to total energ2 at bottom$(1mv
2
)0
mgh = 1mv
2

2
2 2'1.8 #2s &'1 #& v gh v = %.%. #2s
;8-.1. , ba""istic pend!"!# is i""!strated in +ig. 8-1.. , %0-g ba"" is ca!ght by a /00-g
s!spended #ass. ,fter i#pact, the two #asses rise a 4ertica" distance of %/ ##. +ind
the 4e"ocity of the co#bined #asses ?!st after i#pact$ '9ee Figure ne(t page&
88
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
/otal mass * = 40 g ) .00 g = .40 g; * = .40 g = 0$.40 kg
;8-.1. 'Cont.& +ind v
o
of tota" #ass * s!ch that * rises h ( 0.0%/ #9
Energ2 onservation0 1*v
2
) 0 = 0 ) *gh;

2
2 2'1.8 #2s &'0.0%/ #& v gh v = 0.1.1 #2s
;8-%0. , 100-"b s"ed s"ides fro# rest at the top of a .0
0
inc"ined p"ane. 8he origina" height is
80 ft. 7n the absence of friction, what is the 4e"ocity of the s"ed when it reaches the
botto# of the inc"ine$ '8ot !epen!ent on either angle or weight.&
Energ2 onservation0 0 ) mgh = 1mv
2
) 0;

2
2 2'.2 ft2s &'80 ft& v gh v = 01.6 ft2s
;8-%1. ,n 8-kg b"ock in +ig. 8-1% has an initia" downward 4e"ocity of 0 #2s. eg"ecting
friction, find the 4e"ocity when it reaches point C$
1mv
o
2
) mgh
o
= 1mv
f
2
) mgh
f
v
o
2
) 2gh
o
= v
f
2
) 0 ; v
f
2
=

v
o
2
) 2gh
o

2 2
0 0
2 '0 #2s& = 2'1.8 #2s&'20 #&
f
v v gh + * v
f
= 21.0 #2s
;8-%2. What is the 4e"ocity of the 8-kg b"ock at point C in Prob"e# 8-.1$ '8ote h
f
0 this time&
1mv
o
2
) mgh
o
= 1mv
f
2
) mgh
f
;

v
o
2
) 2gh
o
= v
f
2
) 2gh
f
; v
f
2
=

v
o
2
) 2gh
o
& 2gh
f

2 2
0 0
2 ' & '0 #2s& = 2'1.8 #2s&'20 # - 8 #&
f f
v v g h h + * v
f
= 16.1 #2s
;8-%.. ,n 80-"b gir" sits in a swing of neg"igib"e weight. 7f she is gi4en an initia" 4e"ocity of 20
ft2s, to what height wi"" she rise$
Energ2 onservation0 0 ) mgh = 1mv
2
) 0;
81
h
h
C
C
0 #2s
8 #
20 #
h
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition

2
2
'20 ft2s&
2 2'.2 ft2s &
v
h
g
h ( 6.2/ ft
Energy and "riction "orces
;8-%%. , 60-kg s"ed s"ides to the botto# of a 2/
0
s"ope of "ength .0 #. , 100- friction force
acts for the entire distance. What is the tota" energy at the top of the s"ope and at the
botto#$ What is the 4e"ocity of the s"ed at the botto#$
h ( '20 #&sin 2/
0
8.45 #* ,t top9 E
P
( mgh; '
k
= 0
'
/
= '
%
) '
k
= mgh ) 0; '
/
= '60 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'8.%/ #&
/otal energ2 at top" '
/
= %161 ) <ons$ of '0 '
/
(top) = '
kf
(bottom))=osses
=oss = (Work)
F
= F s; =oss = '100 &'.0 #& ( .000 )
<ons$ of '0 4:>0 ) ( >'60 kg&v
2
) 3000 ?; From whih0 v = 8.10 #2s
;8-%/. , /00-g b"ock is re"eased fro# the top of a .0
0
in"ine and s"ides 160 c# to the botto#. ,
constant friction force of 0.1 acts the entire distance. What is the tota" energy at the
top$ What work is done by friction$ What is the 4e"ocity at the botto#$
W = mg = '0./ kg&'1.8 #2s
2
& ( %.10 *
h ( '1.60 #& sin .0
0
( 0.800 #* '
/
= '
%
) '
k
'
/
= Wh ) 0; '
/
= '%.10 &'0.80 #&* E
8
( ..12 )
'Work&
F
( F s ( '-0.100 &'1.60 #&* 'Work&
F
( -1.%% ) 'negative work)
/otal energ2 at top = total energ2 at bottom ) work !one against frition
..12 ) ( >mv
2
) F s* ..12 ) ( >'0./ kg& v
2
) 1.%% )
9olving for v" we obtain9 v = ..1/ #2s
10
mg
F
N
2/
0
2/
0
h
s ( 20 #
W
F
N
.0
0
.0
0
h
s ( 160 #
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
8ote that the work !one 67 frition is negative" but when appl2ing onservation of
energ2 we use the work 4@4;89/ frition ()-$44 ?) to aount for the =A99
;8-%6. What initia" 4e"ocity #!st be gi4en to the /00-g b"ock in Prob"e# 8-%. if it is to ?!st reach
the top of the sa#e s"ope$ '9ee previous problem&
From %rob$ ,-439 F ( 0.1 , h =0$, #, W ( %.10
>mv
o
2
= Wh
f
) F s = ..12 ) ) 1.%% ) * >mv
o
2
=/..6 )

0
2'/..6 )& 2'/..6 )&
0./00 kg
v
m
v
o
= %.6. #2s
;8-%0. , 6%-"b cart starts !p a .0
0
inc"ine with an initia" 4e"ocity of 60 ft2s. 7f it co#es to rest
after a #o4ing a distance of 00 ft, how #!ch energy was "ost to friction$
W ( 6% "b* m ( '6%2.2& ( 2 s"!gs* h ( 00 sin .0
0
42.1 #
>mv
o
2
= Wh
f
) Eoss* Eoss ( >mv
o
2
- Wh
f
Eoss ( >'2 s"!gs&'60 ft2s&
2
: '6% "b&'%2.1 ft&
Eoss ( .600 ft "b - 22%0 ft "b* Eoss ( 10% ft "b

;8-%8. , 0.%-kg ba"" drops a 4ertica" distance of %0 # and rebo!nds to a height of 16 #. -ow
#!ch energy was "ost in co""ision with the f"oor$ <onservation of energ2$
mgh
o
= mgh
f
) =oss; =oss = mgh
o
& mgh
f
= mg(h
o
& h
f
)
=oss = '0.% kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'%0 # : 16 #&* =oss ( 1%.1 )
;8-%1. , %-kg s"ed is gi4en an initia" 4e"ocity of 10 #2s at the top of a .%
0
s"ope. 7f
k
( 0.2,
how far #!st the s"ed tra4e" !nti" its 4e"ocity reaches .0 #2s$
mgh
o
) >mv
o
2
= 0 ) >mv
f
2
) F s an! h
o
= s sin .%
0
mg(s sin .%
0
& - F s ( >mv
f
2
- >mv
o
2
* F (
k
#g cos .%
0
11
F
s ( 160 #
W
N
.0
0
.0
0
h
W = >4 "b
v
o
( 60 ft2s
F
s ( 00 ft
N
.0
0
.0
0
h
s
10 #2s
F
N
mg
.%
0
.%
0
h
o
.0 #2s
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
mg(s sin .%
0
& : '
k
mg cos .%
0
&s

( >mv
f
2
- >mv
o
2
;8-%1. 'Cont.& 'g sin .%
0
-
k
g cos .%
0
&s = >v
f
2
- >v
o
;
2 2
0
0 0
2 'sin.% cos.% &
f
k
v v
s
g

2 2
2 0 0
'.0 #2s& '10 #2s&
2'1.8 #2s &'sin.% 0.2cos.% &
s

s ( 10% #
;8-/0. ,ss!#e in +ig. 8-1% that the s"iding #ass is 6-kg and that .00 ) of energy is "ost doing
work against friction. What is the 4e"ocity when the #ass reaches point C$
1mv
o
2
) mgh
o
= 1mv

2
) mgh
f
) 300 )
1mv

2
= 1mv
o
2
) mgh
o
& mgh

& 300 )
v

2
= v
o
2
) 2g(h
o
& h

) -
2'.00 )&
m

2 2
0
2'.00 )&
'0 #2s& 2'1.8 #2s &'20 # - 8 #&
6 kg
v + v

= 1..6 #2s
;8-/1. , b!s s"a#s on brakes to a4oid an accident. 8he tread #arks of the tires are 80 feet "ong.
7f
k
( 0.0, what was the speed before app"ying brakes$
F (
k
mg; Work = F s =
k
mgs
Work ( E
k
* -
k
#gs ( 1mv
f
2
- 1mv
o
2

2
0
2 2'0.0&'.2 ft2s &'80 ft&
k
v gs v
o
= /1.1 ft2s
Power
8-/2. , power-station con4eyor be"t "ifts /00 tons of ore to a height of 10 ft in one ho!r. What
a4erage horsepower is re5!ired$ 'W = /00 tons ( 1 3 10
6
"b* 1 hp ( //0 ft "b2s&
12
0
C
C
0 #2s
8 #
20 #
v
f
= 0
v
o
= B
F (
k
N
s ( 80 ft
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition

6
'1 3 10 "b&'10 ft&
* (
.600 s
Work Wh
%ower %
t t
* % = 2/,000 ft "b2s ( %/./ hp
8-/.. , %0-kg #ass is "ifted thro!gh a distance of 20 # in a ti#e of . s. +ind a4erage power.
2
'%0 kg&'1.8 #2s &'20 #&
*
. s
Fs mgs
% %
t t
* % = 2610 W
8-/%. , .00-kg e"e4ator is "ifted 4ertica" distance of 100 # in 2 #in. What is the o!tp!t power$
2
'.00 kg&'1.8 #2s &'100 #&
*
120 s
Fs mgs
% %
t t
* P ( 2.%/ kW
8-//. , 10 kW engine is !sed to "ift a 1200-kg "oad. What is the a4erage 4e"ocity of the "ift$
Fs
% Fv
t
*
2
10, 000 W
'1200 kg&'1.8 #2s &
% %
v
F mg

* v

= 0.6/ #2s
8-/6. 8o what height can a %00 W engine "ift a 100-kg #ass in . s$
2
'%00 W&'. s&
*
'100 kg&'1.8 #2s &
Fs mgh %t
% h
r t mg

* h = 0.122 #
8-/0. ,n 800- st!dent r!ns !p a f"ight of stairs rising 6 # in 8 s. What is the a4erage power$
'800 &'6 #&
* (
8 s
Fs Wh
% %
r t
* % = 600 W
;8-/8. , speedboat #!st de4e"op a 120 hp in order to #o4e at a constant speed of 1/ ft2s thro!gh
the water. What is the a4erage resisti4e force d!e to the water$
//0 ft "b2s
'120 hp& 66,000 ft "b2s*
1 hp
% % Fv
_


,

66, 000 ft "b2s
1/ ft2s
%
F
v
* F ( %%00 "b
1.
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
Challenge Pro$le%s
;8-/1. , worker "ifts a 20-kg b!cket fro# a we"" at constant speed and does 8 k) of work. -ow
deep is the we""$
Work = Fs ;
2
8000 )
'20 kg&'1.8 #2s &
Work
s
mg

; s = %0.8 #
;8-60. , hori6onta" force of 200 p!shes an 800- crate hori6onta""y for a distance of 6 # at
constant speed. What work is done by the 200- force. What is the res!"tant work$
Work = Fs = '200 &'6 #&* Work ( 1200 )
9pee! is onstant" so F
R
= 0" an! Resultant work = 0 )
;8-61. , 10-kg #ass is "ifted to a height of 20 #, and re"eased. What is the tota" energy of the
syste#$ What is the 4e"ocity of the #ass when it is "ocated / # fro# the f"oor$
;n absene of frition" total energ2 is onstant" so that0 '
/
(/op) = '
/
(/ #)
'
/
( mgh ) 0 = '10 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'20 #&* E
8
( 1160 )
When h = . m" '10 kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'/ #& = >'10 kg&v
f
2
= 1160 )
%:0 ) = '/ kg&v
f
2
= -:>0 )* v
f
= 10.1 #2s
;8-62. , crate is "ifted at a constant speed of / #2s by an engine whose o!tp!t power is % kW.
What is the #ass of the crate$
2
%000 W
*
'1.8 #2s &'/ #2s&
%
% Fv mgv m
gv

* # ( 81.6 kg
1%
0
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
;8-6.. , ro""er coaster boasts a #a3i#!# height of 100 ft. What is the #a3i#!# speed in #i"es
per ho!r when it reaches its "owest point$ (<onservation of 'nerg2)
mgh ) 0 = 0 ) 1mv
2
;
2
2 2'.2 ft2s &'100 ft& v gh ; v ( 80.0 ft2s or /%.% #i2h
;8-6%. , 20- force drags an 8-kg b"ock a hori6onta" distance of %0 # by a rope at an ang"e of
.0
0
with the hori6onta". ,ss!#e
k
( 0.2 and that the ti#e re5!ired is one #in!te. What
res!"tant work is done$
Resultant work = work of the resultant fore
F
R
( '20 &cos .0
F
- F& F (
k
N +
y
( 0
N = 20 sin.0
0
: '8 kg&(1.8 #2s
2
& ( 0* N ( 66.% * F ( 0.2'66.% & ( 1...
F
R
( 20 cos .0
0
: 1... ( 2.00 * Work = F
R
s ( '2.00 &'%0 #&* Work ( 108 )
;8-6/. What is the 4e"ocity of the b"ock in Prob"e# 8-60 at the end of the trip$ What res!"tant
power was e3pended$ '4ssume blok starts from rest" then appl2 work-energ2
theorem$)
Work = 1mv
f
2
- 1mv
o
2
; -0, ) ( >'8 kg&v
2
) 0;
2'108 )&
8 kg
v
1

1
]
; v ( /.20 #2s
108 )
60 s
Work
%
t
% = 1.80 W
;8-66. , 00-kg skier s"ides down a .0 # s"ope that #akes an ang"e of 28
0
with the hori6onta".
,ss!#e that
k
( 0.2. What is the 4e"ocity of the skier at the botto# of the s"ope$
mgh
o
) >mv
o
2
= 0 ) >mv
f
2
) F s an! h
o
= s sin 28
0
1/
20
N
mg
F
.0
F
%0 #
.0 #
F
N
mg
28
0
28
0
h
o
v
f
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
mg(s sin 28
0
& - F s ( >mv
f
2
- >mv
o
2
* F (
k
mg cos 28
0
mg(s sin 28
0
& : '
k
mg cos 28
0
&s

( >mv
f
2
;8-66. 'Cont.& 'g sin 28
0
-
k
g cos 28
0
&s = >v
f
2
;
2 0 0
2 'sin 28 cos 28 &
f k
v gs
2 0 0
2'1.8 #2s &'.0 #&'sin 28 0.2cos 28 &
f
v v
f
= 1..1 #2s
;8-60. , 0.. #g f"ea can ?!#p to a height of abo!t . c#. What #!st be the takeoff speed$ Go
yo! rea""y need to know the #ass of the f"ea$
1mv
o
2
= mgh ;
2
0
2 2'1.8 #2s &'0.0. #& v gh ;
v = 0.060 #2s * /he mass is not nee!e!$
;8-68. , ro""er coaster goes thro!gh a "ow point and bare"y #akes the ne3t hi"" 1/ # higher.
What is the #ini#!# speed at the botto# of the "oop$
1mv
o
2
= mgh ;
2
0
2 2'1.8 #2s &'1/ #& v gh ; v = 10.1 #2s
;8-61. 8he ha##er of a pi"e dri4er weighs 800 "b and fa""s a distance of 16 ft before striking the
pi"e. 8he i#pact dri4es the pi"e 6 in. deeper into the gro!nd. What was the a4erage force
dri4ing the pi"e$ m = WCg ( '8002.2& ( 2/.0 s"!gs* s ( 6 in. ( 0./ ft
/he work !one b2 the pile !river Fs is !etermine from the hange in kineti energ2" so
we nee! to fin! the veloit2 of the !river Dust before striking the stake0
1mv
f
2
= mgh
o
;
2
0
2 2'.2 ft2s &'16 ft&
f
v gh ; v = .2.0 ft2s
Work to stop !river = hange in kineti energ2 of !river
Fs = 1mv
f
2
- 1mv
o
2
;
2 2
0
'2/ s"!gs&'.2 ft2s&
2 2'0./ ft&
mv
F
s
F ( -2/,600 "b
16
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
Critical &hinking 'uestions
;8-00. ,n inc"ined board is !sed to !n"oad bo3es of nai"s fro# the back of a tr!ck. 8he height
of the tr!ck bed is 60 c# and the board is 1.2 # in "ength. ,ss!#e that
k
( 0.% and the
bo3es are gi4en an initia" p!sh to start s"iding. What is their speed when they reach the
gro!nd be"ow. What initia" speed wo!"d they need at the botto# in order to s"ide back
into the tr!ck bed$ 7n the absence of friction wo!"d these two 5!estions ha4e the sa#e
answer$ H h ( 0.6 #* s ( 1.2 # * sin ( 0.621.2* ( .0
0
I
'a& (Work)
F
= F s =
k
N =
k
#g cos .0
0
s
mgh = 1mv
2
)
k
mg cos .0
0
s* 2gh ( 4
2
=2
k
gs cos .0
0
v
2
= 2gh & 2g
k
s cos .0
0
( 2'1.8 #2s
2
&'0.6 #& : 2'1.8 #2s
2
&'0.%&'1.2 #&'0.866&
v
2
= 11.06 : 8.1/ ( ..61 #
2
2s
2
*
2 2
..61 # 2s v
; v = 1.10 #2s
'b& @oing up the plane" the initial spee! must provi!e the energ2 to overome the
frition fore whih woul! now be !irete! EAW8 the plane$
1mv
2
= mgh )
k
mg cos .0
0
s '8ote the !ifferene in this e5uation from that above$)
v
2
= 2gh )2
k
gs cos .0
0
( '2&'1.8&'0.6& = 2'0.%&'1.8&'1.2&'0.866&
v
2
= 11.06 = 8.1/ ( 11.1 #
2
2s
2
*
2 2
11.1 # 2s v
; v = %.%6 #2s
;n the !ownhill ase" the initial potential energ2 was lost to frition an! what little
remaine! appeare! in the form of a small veloit2 at the bottom$ ;n the uphill ase" the
initial kineti energ2 (high veloit2) was use! to gain the height h" but more energ2 was
nee!e! to overome frition$ ;n the absene of frition" height is transferre! into veloit2
10
mg
F
N

h=0.6 #
s ( 1.20 #
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
going !own" an! veloit2 is transferre! to height going up$ /hus" absent frition" the
same veloities woul! be foun! for eah of the above ases$ 'v = ..%. #2s&
;8-01. , 16-"b safe is p!shed with neg"igib"e friction !p a .0
0
inc"ine for a distance of 12 ft.
What is the increase in potentia" energy$ Wo!"d the sa#e change in potentia" energy
occ!r if a 10-"b friction force opposed the #otion !p the inc"ine$ Why$ Wo!"d the sa#e
work be re5!ired$ H h = -2 sin .0
0
( 6.00 ft I
'a& '
p
( Wh = '16 "b&'6 ft& E
p
( /06 ft "b
'b& '
p
is a funtion onl2 of weight an! height" so the same hange
in potential energ2 ours regar! less of frition or the path taken$
'c& With a 10-"b

frition fore" a work of '10 "b&'12 ft& ( 120 ft "b is nee!e! in a!!ition
to the work of .F> ft lb Dust to lift the weight. /he total work is 616 ft "b.
;8-02. , 2-kg ba"" is s!spended fro# a .-# cab"e attached to a spike in the wa"". 8he ba"" is
p!""ed o!t, so that the cab"e #akes an ang"e of 00
0
with the wa"", and then re"eased. 7f 10 )
of energy are "ost d!ring the co""ision with the wa"", what is the #a3i#!# ang"e between
the cab"e and the wa"" after the first rebo!nd$
2
o
= '. #& cos 00
0
( 1.026 #
h
o
= . # : 1.026 #* h
o
= 1.10% #

2
10 )
1.10% #
'2 kg&'1.8 #2s &
f
h
* h
f
= 1.%6% # * y
f
( . # : 1.%6% # ( 1./.6 #
1./.6 #
cos
..00 #
f
2
=
* ( /1.2
0
18
mg
F
N
.0
0
.0
0
h=6 ft
s ( 12 ft
h
o
00
0

h
f
. #
. #




m
g
h
o

=

m
g
h
f

)

1
0

)
*



m
g
h
f

(

m
g
h
o

:

1
0

)

y
o
y
f
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
;8-0.. , .-kg ba"" dropped fro# a height of 12 # has a 4e"ocity of 10 #2s ?!st before hitting the
gro!nd. What is the a4erage retarding force d!e to the air$ 7f the ba"" rebo!nds fro# the
s!rface with a speed of 8 #2s, what energy was "ost on i#pact$ -ow high wi"" it rebo!nd
if the a4erage air resistance is the sa#e as before$
First appl2 ' onservation to the falling portion of the problem0
mgh
o
= 1mv
2
) F s ; F s = mgh
o
- 1mv
2

F '12 #& ( '. kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'12 #& - >'. kg&'10 #2s&
2
* F ( 16.1
/he loss or work !one on impat e5uals the hange in '
k
0 =oss = Work = 1mv
f
2
- 1mv
o
2
Work ( >'. kg&'8 #2s&
2
- >'. kg&'10 #2s&
2
; Work ( - /% )* ;mpat loss ( /% )
/o fin! reboun! height" appl2 onservation of energ2 with losses to air an! to impat0
mgh
o
= mgh
f
) (F s)
4ir
) ;mpat loss; ( s = 12 # ) h
f
)
'. kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'12 #& ( '.kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&h
f
= '16.1 &'12 # = h
f
& = /% )
./. ) ( '21.% &h
f
= 20. ) = '16.1 &h
f
= /% ); h
f
( 2.00 #
;8-0%. Consider a ro""er coaster where the first hi"" is .% # high$ 7f the coaster "osses on"y 8J
of its energy between the first two hi""s, what is the #a3i#!# height possib"e for the
second hi""$
mgh
o
= mgh
f
= 0.08 mgh
o
; h
f
= (- & 0$0,)h
o
= 0$:2 '.% #& h
f
( .1.. #
11




m
g
h
o

=

m
g
h
f

)

1
0

)
*



m
g
h
f

(

m
g
h
o

:

1
0

)

y
o
h
f
12 #
8 #2s
10 #2s
Chapter 8 Work, Energy, and Power Physics, 6
th
Edition
;8-0/. , %-kg b"ock is co#pressed against a spring at the botto# the inc"ined p"ane in +ig. 8-1/.
, force of %000 was re5!ired to co#press the spring a distance of 6 c#. 7f it is then
re"eased and the coefficient of friction is 0.%, how far !p the inc"ine wi"" the b"ock #o4e$
Work to ompress spring = '%000 &'0.06 #& ( 2%0 ) ( '
p
E
p
'spring& ( mgh

= F s; F s =
k
mg cos .0
0
s
F s = '0.%&'% kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'0.866& s ( '1..6 & s
2%0 ) ( '% kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&h ) '1..6 & s h = s sin .0
0
( 0./ s
2%0 ) ( '% kg&'1.8 #2s
2
&'2 s& ) '1..6 & s; s = 2.61 #
100




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