7 Conscience, Character Development, Personality Types Lecture Notes Please note: These notes are a summary of the PowerPoint

t on Conscience, Character Development and Personality Types. They are not meant to replace the PowerPoint presentation, or provide a complete outline of the material covered in class, ut should e used as a reminder of the main ideas!topics as presented in class. "n other words, do not rely on this summary for tests or homewor#. $. The Catholic!Christian perspective on Conscience relies on %acred %cripture and Tradition &past ',((( years of e)perience and wisdom* a. +hat does %cripture have to say, -ow should we act, +hat are the conse.uences of /ood! ad acts, . +hat does ',((( years of Tradition offer, +hat issues are not directly addressed in the 0i le, &+e #now more a out the human condition* c. +hat +ould 1esus Do, d. +hat does Church have to teach us a out human ehavior, '. Conscience is oth 0lessin/ and 0urden a. 0lessin/: 2uides us toward etter ehavior, "nforms a out past e)periences, asic internali3ed 4/ut feel5 of ri/ht!wron/ decisions. . 0urden: 6ct ad 7 trou led conscience, others us, #eeps us awa#e at ni/ht. c. "nertia La3iness &inaction* d. Narcissism %elf8centeredness Concern only for the self, not others. 9. %ynteresis &synderesis*: 4Natural capacity of the practical reason to intuitively apprehend the first principles of human action the inclination of will toward the moral /ood.5 a. Natural capacity 7 :eason is natural to human condition. "t is simply natural to us ecause we are human. +e have the capacity to develop our reason as animals have the capacity to develop their instinct. . Practical reason 7 ;nderstandin/ of <irst ;niversal Principles of Practical :eason =nowin/ what is ri/ht and what is wron/. c. %peculative reason 7 ;sed when we are faced with a dilemma. +e #now what we ou/ht to do &Practical :eason* ut we consider the conse.uences of our actions. %peculative :eason includes our fears, emotions, an)ieties when determinin/ how to act. >. ;niversal <irst Principles of Practical :eason: ;niversal truths!laws that human reason em races as /ood 7 2ood is to e done!pursued and evil avoided, ? ey 2od, :espect nei/h or, 2olden :ule, Live temperately and act @ustly.

A. -uman action is oth universal and sin/ular. "ndividual circumstances, emotions, desires, will a/enda also used to come to decision. B. Peter Lom ard: %t. 1eromeCs interpretation of the > faces of man in 0oo# of D3e#iel. <ace of man 7 :ational, <ace of Lion 7 Dmotion, <ace of ?) 7 6ppetitive, <ace of Da/le 7 %ynteresis &spar# of conscience* 6ll part of each person. %imilar to 6ristotleCs :ational!Non8:ational aspects of human nature. a. %ynteresis 7 ;niversal idea of /ood ehavior . Conscience 7 "ndividual acts with individual /oals!motives 7. 0onaventure: Conscience connected with reason, emotions and will. %ynteresis motivates us to do /ood. E. 2uilt and :emorse are the frustration in our desire for doin/ the /ood. F. Conscience divided in two parts: $st part 7 ?ur power to discover universal truths &;niversal <irst Principles of Practical :eason Do 2ood 6void Dvil, ? ey 2od, -onor Gour Parents* 'nd part 7 2eneral application to specific cases &my own desires, motives*. This part can err, that is why /ood people do ad thin/s. $(. Thomas 6.uinas: Conscience is application of #nowled/e to activity. 6pply <irst Principles to human ehavior. <ornication is ad!Pleasure is /ood. -ow to @ud/e, "f fornication wins, the person is "ncontinent!%oft &6ristotle*. %ometimes /ivin/ in to wea#ness seems ri/ht. +e do not follow the ;niversal <irst Principles of Practical :eason for two important reasonsH La3iness or "nertia, and %elf8Centeredness or Narcissism. Two e)amples of Conscience operative in the ?ld Testament include: The story of 6dam and Dve &conscience of na#edness after diso eyin/ 2od* and the story of Cain and 6 el &CainCs offerin/ thou/ht not accepta le y 2od and out of reven/e, #ills his rother*. <reud: "D 7 The thin/ & a y* does not #now ri/ht from wron/, needs direction. <reud: %;PD:D2? 7 2uidin/ force motivated out of love &parents, teachers, etc. who care for us and /uide is in correct character development, decision ma#in/, and ri/htly ordered conscience. Deacon Dd: DLDCT:?N"C %;PD:D2? 7 2uidin/ force motivated out of profit &Iedia, "nternet, <ilm, Iusic*. Perhaps more important today in "D formation than %;PD:D2?.

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<reud: D2? 7 <ully conscience self. +e now ma#e decisions ased on our own properly formed conscience and character. %;PD:D2? less important. %;PD:D2? 7 Dominant force in Conscience formation. +ell developed conscience 7 properly sociali3ed person. Tyrannical Conscience 7 lac#s freedom, /rowth, stuc# not #nowin/ what to do without %;PD:D2? help. =?-L0D:2: LDJDL ": Pre8Conventional &Comply, Compete, %elf8 Centered* a. %T62D ": <ear of Punishment &only acts morally out of fear of not actin/ morally &speedin/, lootin/* Conscience 7 %elf Protection . %T62D "": Profit &Iinimi3e IG pain, Ia)imi3e IG pleasure even at your e)pense* Conscience 7 Cunnin/

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$F. LDJDL "": Conventional &Cooperate, "dentity, 2roup Centered* a. %T62D """: 2roup Loyalty &o li/ation to family, peers, /an/* Conscience 7 Loyalty . %T62D "J: Law and ?rder &without law, society in chaos* Conscience 7 2ood Citi3enship '(. LDJDL """: Post8Conventional &"nternali3ed Truth* a. %T62D J: The Common 2ood &Loyalty to Truth* Conscience 7 :eason . %T62D J": "nte/rity &Principle re/ardless of cost* Conscience 7 Personal "nte/rity '$. ''. Can move up or down scale dependin/ on circumstances. Difficult to communicate with a person ' or more sta/es away. Dnnea/ram &F Personality Types* a. T-D :D<?:ID:: ?r/ani3ed, self8ri/hteous, @ud/mental, finds fault in others, @umps to conclusions .uic#ly a out others. . T-D -DLPD:: Carin/ &sometimes too much*, manipulative, wants to e li#ed so tries to please, needs to e needed, resentful when worn out c. T-D CL"I0D:: %elf8assured, competitive, narcissistic, wants superiority over others, @ud/es others on &loo#s, possessions, money*, places value on these thin/s not on intrinsic value of the other. d. T-D 6:T"%T: Creative!"ntuitive, introverted, depressive, e)pression throu/h wor#, /loomy, isolated, e)pression in @ewelry, hairstyles, 3

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clothin/, daydreams of someone theyCd rather e. T-D T-"N=D:: 6nalytical!perceptive, eccentric, paranoid, .uantifies everythin/ includin/ relationships, ta#es thin/s apart efore trustin/ &includin/ people*, refu/e in intellectual /ames &chess*, avoids deep commitment as people and relationships are too comple). T-D TD6I PL6GD:: Dutiful!Li#a le, dependent on others, not a leader &more of a follower*, relies on others for answers. T-D %6IPLD:: %pontaneous!6ccomplished, manic, hyperactive, concerned a out ein/ popular, do what they want rather than what they should, low tolerance for discomfort. T-D 0?%%: <orceful!%elf8confident, com ative, ven/eful, en@oys de ate in order to win, finds fault in others, resents when others are in char/e, difficulty apolo/i3in/ &loss of power*, rash, harsh, ully. T-D PD6CDI6=D:: %erene!:eassurin/, passive, ne/lectful, uncomforta le with confrontation even when issue is ur/ent, serenity of peacema#er more important than othersC needs.

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+e need all these personality types. 6ll have /ood and ad points, ut all needed to alance out our world. DJ6%"?N% T? C-6:6CTD: DDJDL?PIDNT: a. %C6PD2?6T"N2: 0lamin/ others for our failures. Iust ta#e responsi ility for our own actions. . I"N"I6L"%I: %ettlin/ for the least amount of wor#. Doin/ the least amount possi le to @ust /et y. c. +"T-D:6+6L: Puttin/ our heads in the sand pretendin/ that the situation will /o away rather than ta#in/ responsi ility and actin/ in a way to resolve the situation. d. I6%="N2: Coverin/ up for our wea#nesses with someone elseCs faKade or mas#. Tryin/ to act li#e someone else more accepta le. e. C?IPDT"T"?N: %trivin/ for approval from others ecause we cannot approve ourselves. 4"Cm the est at everythin/5 syndrome. "tCs etter to own up to our own /ifts!talents and cele rate those while wor#in/ on our wea#nesses. f. PD:<DCT"?N"%I: 2ood is not /ood enou/h for us. +e /et loc#ed into analysis!paralysis. CanCt move. Dverythin/ must e perfect. +e criti.ue ourselves efore other do it for us.