DRAFTING FUNDAMENTALS - Mechanical Engg. Blog - CAD-CAMs-CAE Blog - Civil Engg. Blog-Pramit Kumar Senapati

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Mechanical Engg. Blog | CAD-CAM-CAE Blog | Civil Engg. Blog-Pramit Kumar Senapati DESIGN DRAFTING FUNDAMENTALS
DRAFTING FUNDAMENTALS
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DRAFTING FUNDAMENTALS
The System of Dimensioning that Aligned System applies the figures to be read from the bottom or the right side position. The variety of lines used to describe Alphabet of Lines objects and their relationships within a drawing. A measurement scale that uses fractions of an inch as small as 1/32 Architects Scale of an inch. It also has other reduced scales for the conversion of sizes where inches or fractions of an inch=feet. Arrowhead The pointer on the end of a dimension line. A drawing that shows how part or all
Assembly Drawing
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of a machine or structure is put together. A true size view of some object Auxiliary View shown by projecting perpendicular to the face of the auxiliary view. A line that represents the center of Axis some object usually used for rotation about that object.
The size from which the limits of a size Basic Size are derived. It is used to determine allowances and tolerances. Bevel An inclined edge, not at a right angle to a surface. A hole that does not go through a solid piece. A circular centerline in a drawing Bolt Circle that contains the centers of holes about a common center. Bore A method to enlarge a hole to a specific precise size. A long cutting tool with a series of progressively larger teeth that when Broach forced into a hole will change the shape and size. It may be square, triangular, hexagonal or octagonal. A small part of a view that is Broken-out Section sectioned to show some inside detail.
Blind Hole
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Cam
A rotating part that changes rotating motion into reciprocating motion. A line that is used to represent an
Center line
axis of symmetry. Always used for circles and arcs to locate their centers. A narrow inclined surface along the
Chamfer
intersection of two adjacent surfaces.
Cone
A single-curved surface that has straight line elements. Numbers that relate to the intersection of three planes, the X,Y plane. the Y,Z plane and the X,Z plane. They are always expressed as
Coordinates
X,Y,Z. In two dimensional drawings the Z-coordinate is usually omitted. French mathematician Rene Decartes is credited with developing the Cartesian Coordinate system A method used to remove a
Conventional Break
considerable length from a long object where there is no change over that length. A square bottomed hole larger in
Counterbore
diameter than a hole with the same center, usually for a hexagon socket head screw.
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The process of enlarging a hole Countersink conically, usually for a flat head screw. A line that represents an edge that Cutting-plane line intersects an adjacent plane at a perpendicular angle. Cylinder A Solid or tubular curved surface that has length and diameter.
A drawing that gives all of the Detail Drawing information necessary to construct some part or part a a larger structure. The drawing of the surface of an Development object as if it were unfolded or rolled out onto a plane. A line that shows where some detail Dimension line is measured. It has three components, the line, arrowhead(s), and the measurement. A solid cylindrical pin used to Dowel connect two surfaces and prevent them from sliding apart. Draft An angle that allows two mating parts to be easily separated. The process of removing material to Drill make a hole in some material, it is equal to the diameter of the hole.
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The view of a plane obtained by Edge view looking parallel to a true length line in the surface. The geometric form that resembles a Ellipse circle when viewed at some angle to its edge. A series of measurement scales in Engineers Scale which inches are divided into 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 or 80 parts. It is used to draw large parts in a small area. The basic geometric shapes like lines, Entities circles and arcs that make up objects in a CAD drawing. A line or lines that extend from an object to help better portray a Extension Line dimension by eliminating clutter and crowding next to the object being dimensioned.
A plane surface of an object. A Face process that produces a finish on a surface perpendicular to a centerline of rotation. FAO Fillet Finish All Over An interior rounded intersection between two adjacent surfaces. A symbol that designates a surface Finish Mark or face of an object that must be smooth to some degree of precision.
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Fit Flange Front View or Elevation
The degree of tightness or looseness between two mating parts. A thin rim around a circular part. A view that shows the true width and height of an object. A sectional view obtained by
Full Section
passing a cutting plane completely through an object.
A horizontal and vertical pattern of Grid dots equally spaced to assist in the process of drawing.
A sectional view obtained by Half Section passing a cutting plane completely through an object but showing only one half of that view. A view sometimes used for symmetrical objects. Centerlines Half View show the lines of symmetry, thus allowing only half of the view to describe a full object. The distance from the bottom of Height some part to the top of that part, perpendicular to the bottom. A dashed line that represents an Hidden Line edge or surface that cannot be seen in the view.
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Icon
A small picture that is a symbol used to select a CAD/Computer tool. A slanted line that is not
Inclined
perpendicular to one to of the planes. A type of drawing in which the lower
Isometric Drawing
edges are drawn at 30 degrees from a horizontal, all vertical edges are perpendicular to horizontal.
Joints
The points where edges and surfaces of solid objects meet.
A piece of metal that prevents a Key shaft and hub from rotating at different speeds. Keyseat The groove in a shaft that hold a key in place. The groove in a hub that holds a key in place. A pattern of shallow grooves and Knurl bumps that permit a better grip on a cylindrical part.
Keyway
An electronic sheet of paper that Layer allows different parts of a drawing to be visible or invisible, colored, or of different linetype.
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Leader Lowercase letters
A thin solid line that is drawn from some note to its detail on an object. Not capital letters.
Technical drawing used for the Machine Drawing machine tool and manufacturing industries. Major Axis Major Diameter The long axis of an ellipse. The largest diameter of a threaded part. The big and little sizes of parts that must fit together. Two of more parts that must fit together. A list of items or commands in a Menu CAD/Computer program application. Metric System A decimal system of measurement based on the meter. A process of removing material with a rotating cutter. The short axis of an ellipse. The smallest diameter of a threaded part.
Mating Dimensions
Mating Parts
Mill Minor Axis Minor Diameter
Nominal Size
The size used for general identification on a part.
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Non-isometric Lines
Lines that art not parallel to the isometric axes.
A feature in CAD programs that Object Snap allows the user to automatically jump to specific points on an object. A sectional view in which the cutting Offset Section plane is bent to pass through several different features not inline. One-point perspective A type of perspective drawing that has one vanishing point. A feature in CAD programs that Ortho restricts the placement of lines to vertical or horizontal. A series of views of an object that are aligned horizontally and Orthographic vertically. The top view is directly over the front view and the side views are aligned to each other.
Parallel Line Development
A rectangular pattern that is produced when a prism or cylinder is rolled out. A view that gives some shape and
Partial View
size description without describing a whole view of the drawing. A technique of drawing that shows
Perspective
the parts of an object that are closer to the viewer larger and parts that
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are further away smaller. A type of drawing that shows Pictorial Drawing multiple faces of an object as they might appear in real life. Plan view Primary Auxiliary Views A top view in an Architectural Drawing. The first auxiliary view projected from the principal views of an object. An outline or sectional view Profile produced by a vertical sectioning plane. A geometric shape created by the Pyramid intersections of the edges of triangular shapes.
Quadrilateral
A geometric shape having four sides.
Radial Line Development
A development in which the edges radiate from a point that may or may not be on the object. A process that creates a physical model from a 3D CAD drawing. The process of enlarging a hole to a precise size. A sectional view that is moved from
Rapid Prototyping
Ream
Removed Section
its normal position to better describe that view, it may be drawn in a larger scale.
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A sectional view that represents a Revolved Section view at a right angle to the views actual position. A thin flat part of an object that is Rib or Web used to add strength to an object and reduce weight. Right-side View A view that shows the true height and depth of an object. An exterior curved edge of an object.
Round
A table or chart on a drawing that Schedule provides a place for specifications as well as part and detail information. Schematic An electrical or electronic part drawing. An auxiliary view that is produced from one of the primary auxiliary views of an object. A cutaway view of an object. The true angle between a line and horizontal. A feature in CAD programs that Snap allows the user to automatically connect to preset points. Written documents that detail Specifications special properties of an object or series of drawings.
Secondary Auxiliary View Section Slope
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A solid geometric figure whose Sphere points are all equidistant from the center. Spline A series of keyways cut about a shaft and mating hole. A process that produces a smooth Spotface finish perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline of a hole.
Tap Tapped Hole
The process of producing threads in a hole. A threaded hole A pattern or drawing that has
Template
special features completed for repetition . The total amount of variation
Tolerance
permitted on the details of a part of a drawing. A geometric shape resembling a
Torus
doughnut. It has an inside diameter, outside diameter and tubular radius. A plane figure that has three sides and three angles. It may be Equilateral(all sides and angles equal), Isosceles(two equal sides and angles) or a Right(one 90 degree angle)Triangle. A feature in CAD programs that
Triangle
Trim
allows the user to easily erase part of
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a line that intersects another. Turn Two-point Perspective The machine process that provides cylindrical parts. A perspective drawing that has two vanishing points.
Unidirectional System
A dimensioning system that allows all figures and dimensions to be read from the bottom of the sheet.
A drawing that shows an object from View one position and the true length and size. The Primary views are the Top, Front and Right Side.
A thin flat part of an object that is Web or Rib used to add strength to an object and reduce weight. The process of joining metals by Weld heating them to their melting point with or without pressure. Woodruff Key A semicircular flat key. A complete drawing or series of Working Drawing drawings that have been prepared to provide all of the information necessary to build the product.
Thank you.
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Hope my POST will help you. Else write to me pramit@smartlearningindia.com
Pramit Kumar Senapati Chief SME (Subject Matter Expert) at www.smartlearningindia.com Technical Director at www.mitsucad.com FEA Project Consultant at www.bemechanicalproject.com
Skype: pramit007 Facebook:pramit007

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