1

PROGRAMMING IN JAVA LAB MANUAL

M.C.A. II Year IV Semester 2004 -05

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPAR MEN O! M. C. A.

Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

INDE"

S.No
1 2 3 4 Lab Objective

Contents

Page No.
3 4

Introduction About Lab Guidelines to Students List o! Lab "#ercises and s$llabus Progra%s 'escri(tion about installation and setting o! class(at) and (at)

& * 12 1 43 3

+ & & 1

Setting t)e (re re,uired needs !or success!ul running o! t)e java a((lications -ava a((lications based on various Conce(ts .iva /uestions and Ans0ers 2e!erences

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

LAB OBJEC IVE

Upon successful completion of t is Lab t e stu!ent "ill be able to# 1. 2. . 3. ).
+.

Demonstrate o" to install t e java soft"are of various version suc as j!$ 1.%&2.% etc. 'etting t e pre re(uire! nee!s for successful running of t e java applications Learn to "rite t e java programs& compiling an! running t e programs. Learn o" to use variables& Data t*pes &Arra*s control statements
,rite t e programs base! on --. concepts/0ncapsulation& 1n eritance& Abstractions an! pol*morp ism.

2. 4.

,rite t e applications basing on concept of interfaces an! 03ception an!ling.. Able to create multi t rea!s an! communicate bet"een t em.

5. 7. 1%.

Able to an!le t e various events suc as 6e* &mouse events. 8uil! o"n application base! on applets Able to Design t e 0ffective ,08 .A90

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

IN RODUC ION ABOU LAB

: ere are 2% s*stems /,1.;-< installe! in t is Lab . : eir configurations are as follo"s# .rocessor ;AM >ar! Dis$ Mouse ?et"or$ 1nterface car! So!t0are All s*stems are configure! to connect to a 'erver t roug operating s*stem. LA? running Linu3 # # # # # 1ntel Dual Core= 2.0 G#$ +12 M8 5% 98 -ptical Mouse .resent

: is is useful because stu!ents can save t eir "or$ in t eir o"n accounts. 0ac stu!ent@s "or$ is safe an! secure from ot er stu!ents. Latest :ec nologies li$e -racle 7i an! A200 are installe! in all t e s*stems.

MA'M / Macro Assembler < is installe! in all t e s*stems 'tu!ents can e3ecute t eir assembl* language programs using MA'M. MA'M is ver* useful stu!ents because " en t e* e3ecute t eir programs t e* can see contents of .rocessor ;egisters an! o" eac instruction is being e3ecute! in t e C.U. ;ational ;ose 'oft"are is installe! in some s*stems Using t is soft"are& stu!ents can !epict UML !iagrams of t eir projects. 'oft"are installe!# C& CBB& AD61.+& MA'M& -CC1C0-D.& A200 an! D-: ?0:& ;ational ;ose& -racle 7i& 1nformatica 4.1.2. '*stems are provi!e! for stu!ents in t e 1#1 ratio. '*stems are assigne! numbers an! same s*stem is allotte! for stu!ents " en t e* !o t e lab.

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

Guidelines to Students

Sett%&' () PA # a&* CLASSPA #

+%s se,t%(& e-./a%&s +(0 t( 1se t+e PA45 a&* CLASSPA45 e&2%r(&me&t 2ar%a3/es (& M%,r(s()t 4%&*(0s5 S(/ar%s5 a&* L%&1-. C(&s1/t t+e %&sta//at%(& %&str1,t%(&s %&,/1*e* 0%t+ 6(1r %&sta//at%(& () t+e Ja2a De2e/(.me&t 7%t 8JD79 s()t0are 31&*/e )(r ,1rre&t %&)(rmat%(&. A)ter %&sta//%&' t+e s()t0are5 t+e JD7 *%re,t(r6 0%// +a2e t+e str1,t1re s+(0& 3e/(0.

+e bin *%re,t(r6 ,(&ta%&s 3(t+ t+e ,(m.%/er a&* t+e /a1&,+er. U.*ate t+e PA # Var%a3/e 8M%,r(s()t 4%&*(0s N :2000:"P9 Y(1 ,a& r1& Ja2a a../%,at%(&s ;1st )%&e 0%t+(1t sett%&' t+e PA45 2ar%a3/e. Or5 6(1 ,a& (.t%(&a//6 set %t as a ,(&2e&%e&,e. Set t+e PA45 2ar%a3/e %) 6(1 0a&t t( 3e a3/e t( ,(&2e&%e&t/6 r1& t+e e-e,1ta3/es 8javac.e#e5 java.e#e5 javadoc.e#e5 a&* s( (&9 )r(m a&6 *%re,t(r6 0%t+(1t +a2%&' t( t6.e t+e )1// .at+ () t+e ,(mma&*. I) 6(1 *( &(t set t+e PA45 2ar%a3/e5 6(1 &ee* t( s.e,%)6 t+e )1// .at+ t( t+e e-e,1ta3/e e2er6 t%me 6(1 r1& %t5 s1,+ as< C<=Pr('ram !%/es=Ja2a=;*>?.@.0=3%&=;a2a, M6C/ass.;a2a

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

2 Note6 It %s 1se)1/ t( set t+e PA45 .erma&e&t/6 s( %t 0%// .ers%st a)ter re3((t%&'. ( set %t .erma&e&t/65 a** t+e )1// .at+ () t+e jd71.+.3 3%& *%re,t(r6 t( t+e PA45 2ar%a3/e. Set t+e PA45 as )(//(0s. ( ma>e a .erma&e&t ,+a&'e t( t+e CLASSPA # 2ar%a3/e5 1se t+e S6stem %,(& %& t+e C(&tr(/ Pa&e/. +e .re,%se .r(,e*1re 2ar%es *e.e&*%&' (& t+e 2ers%(& () 4%&*(0s. +e PA45 ,a& 3e a ser%es () *%re,t(r%es se.arate* 36 sem%,(/(&s 8A9. M%,r(s()t 4%&*(0s /((>s )(r .r('rams %& t+e PA45 *%re,t(r%es %& (r*er5 )r(m /e)t t( r%'+t. Y(1 s+(1/* +a2e (&/6 (&e bin *%re,t(r6 )(r t+e JD7 %& t+e .at+ at a t%me 8t+(se )(//(0%&' t+e )%rst are %'&(re*95 s( %) (&e %s a/rea*6 .rese&t5 6(1 ,a& 1.*ate t+at .art%,1/ar e&tr6. U.*ate t+e PA # Var%a3/e 8S(/ar%s a&* L%&1-9 Y(1 ,a& r1& t+e JD7 ;1st )%&e 0%t+(1t sett%&' t+e PA45 2ar%a3/e5 (r 6(1 ,a& (.t%(&a//6 set %t as a ,(&2e&%e&,e. #(0e2er5 6(1 s+(1/* set t+e .at+ 2ar%a3/e %) 6(1 0a&t t( 3e a3/e t( r1& t+e e-e,1ta3/es 8 javac5 java5 javadoc5 a&* s( (&9 )r(m a&6 *%re,t(r6 0%t+(1t +a2%&' t( t6.e t+e )1// .at+ () t+e ,(mma&*. I) 6(1 *( &(t set t+e PA45 2ar%a3/e5 6(1 &ee* t( s.e,%)6 t+e )1// .at+ t( t+e e-e,1ta3/e e2er6 t%me 6(1 r1& %t5 s1,+ as< B :1sr:/(,a/:;*>?.@.0:3%&:;a2a, M6C/ass.;a2a ( )%&* (1t %) t+e .at+ %s .r(.er/6 set5 e-e,1te< B ;a2a -2ers%(& +%s 0%// .r%&t t+e 2ers%(& () t+e java t((/5 %) %t ,a& )%&* %t.

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

List of Lab Exercises and Syllabus Programs

8""91 1. 1nstall t e java soft"are of various version suc as j!$ 1.%&2.% etc. 2. 'etting t e pre re(uire! nee!s for successful running of t e java applications 3. ,rite java base! program to illustrate -verloa!ing an! -verri!ing met o!s 8""92 1.,rite a program to illustrate 'ingle in eritance 2.,rite a program to illustrate multilevel in eritance 3.,rite a program to implementation of multiple in eritance using interfaces in java. 8""93 1..rogram to create pac$ages in java 2..rogram to !emonstrate t e importing an! accessing t e pac$ages 8""94 1..rogram to create : rea!. 2..rogram to create Multiple : rea!s using runnable interface. 3. .rogram to create Mutiple : rea!s using : rea! class. 8""9 1..rogram to implement inter-t rea! communication. 2.,rite program to !escribe t e life c*cle of Applet. 8""9+ .rograms to ,rite applets to !ra" t e a< line b< circle c< rectangle 8""9& ,rite a program to create an! manipulate t efollo"ing a<lables. b< te3tfiel!s c< te3tareas !<panels 8""9 1 1..rogram to !emonstrate Mouse0vent 2..rogram to an!le 6e*0vent
3.Write a program to illustrate the usage InnerClass.

8""9 * 1. ,rite a program t at illustrate t e boar!er la*out. 2. ,rite a program t at illustrate t e 9ri! la* out. Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

,006 1%
1 2 .rogram to implement : rea! s*nc roniEation .rogram to implement : rea! .riorit*.

SOLUTIONS:

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

7
WEEK1

1. Install t)e java so!t0are o! various version suc) as jd7 1.3:2.3 etc.
'tep1.As t e s*m$e* user& !o"nloa! t e free AD6 +.% F also $no"n as A2'0+ - from 'unGs "ebsite an! store it in a temporar* !irector* /c#Htmp<. Do"nloa! t e stan!alone version of t e A2'0 an! not t e ones bun!le! "it ?et8eans or "it Aava 00. : e instructions belo" appl* onl* to t e stan!alone version of t e AD6. 'tep2 1f *ou are in a countr* " ere it is available& !o"nloa! t e -ava Cr$(togra()$ "#tension ;-C"< =nli%ited Strengt) -urisdiction Polic$ >iles .3 from t e same page on t e "ebsite. 'ave t is file in t e temporar* !irector* /c#Htmp<. 1f *ou cannot !o"nloa! t is file& *ou "ill not be able to use an* s*mmetric $e* " ose siEe is greater t an 125-bits. 'tep3.9o to t e c6?t%( !irector* an! install t e AD6 b* e3ecuting t e !o"nloa!e! binar* file using j!$-1I+I%I%3-"in!o"s-i+52-p.e3e

'tep )#'elect I acce(t t)e ter%s in t)e license agree%ent an! clic$ Ne#t to continue. Jou s oul! see#

'tep + 'elect t e little pull-!o"n icon ne3t to 'e%os an! select 'on@t install t)is !eature no0. Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

1% 'tep 2 Do t e same for Source Code an! Public -2". : ese are not nee!e! for 'trong6e*. Jour panel s oul! loo$ li$e t e follo"ing

'tep 4Clic$ t e C)ange... button on t e panel. Jou s oul! see#

'tep 5.C ange t e !efault >older na%e to C6?usr?local?jd71. .3A3#? an! clic$ O9. Jou ma* nee! to clic$ on 'evelo(%ent 4ools first before t e C)ange... button is activate!. Jou s oul! see# ?ote# : e ?usr?local?jd71. .3A3# !irector* !oes not e3ist at t is stage& so *ou "ill not be able to select it from t e 9U1. Jou "ill ave to t*pe it in into t e >older Na%e fiel! at t e bottom of t e "iEar!& as s o"n belo".

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

11

'tep 7 Clic$ Ne#t to continue. Jou s oul! see a Progress panel t at ta$es a fe" minutes to go t roug t e installation.

'tep 1% , en t e installation is complete& *ou s oul! see t e follo"ing

'tep11. Clic$ Cinis to e3it t e "iEar!.

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

12

2. 'etting t e pre re(uire! nee!s for successful running of t e java applications

'tep1.:o a!! t e Aava e3ecutable to *our Co%%and Pro%(t pat & open t e Control Panel /from StartBCControl Panel< 'tep2.'elect t e S$ste% option an! open its !ialog panel. Jou s oul! see

'tep3.C oose t e Advanced tab. Jou s oul! see

'tep)# Clic$ on "nviron%ent .ariables. Jou s oul! see

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

13

'tep+. 'li!e t e sli!er in t e S$ste% variables section till *ou see t e Pat) variable. >ig lig t it& as follo"s#

'tep2. Clic$ on t e "dit button. Jou s oul! see

'tep 4..ress t e 5o%e $e* on *our .C to go to t e beginning& an! a!! t e follo"ing to t e .ariable value c#HusrHlocalHj!$1.+.%I%3HbinK Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

1) , en complete!& it s oul! resemble t e follo"ing

Clic$ O9 to e3it t e "dit S$ste% .ariable panel. 'tep5.Clic$ O9 again to e3it t e "nviron%ent .ariables panel. 'tep7.Clic$ O9 to e3it t e S$ste% Pro(erties panel. 'tep1%.Cinall*& e3it t e Control .anel.

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

1+

-ava a((lications based on various Conce(ts

8rite java based (rogra% to illustrate Overloading and Overriding %et)ods
OVERRIDING when you extend a class and write a method in the derived class which is exactly similar to the one present in the base class, it is termed as overridin ! E-am./e< .13/%, ,/ass BaseC/assC .13/%, 2(%* met+(* (O2err%*e89 C ::S(me ,(*e +ere D D .13/%, ,/ass Der%2e*C/ass e-te&*s BaseC/assC .13/%, 2(%* met+(* (O2err%*e89 C ::S(me &e0 ,(*e +ere D D As 6(1 ,a& see5 %& t+e ,/ass Der%2e*C/ass5 0e +a2e (2err%**e& t+e met+(* .rese&t %& t+e BaseC/ass 0%t+ a ,(m./ete/6 &e0 .%e,e () ,(*e %& t+e Der%2e*C/ass. 4+at t+at e))e,t%2e/6 mea&s %s t+at %) 6(1 ,reate a& (3;e,t () Der%2e*C/ass a&* ,a// t+e met+(* (O2err%*e89 met+(*5 t+e ,(*e %& t+e *er%2e*C/ass 0%// 3e e-e,1te*. I) 6(1 +a*&Et (2err%**e& t+e met+(* %& t+e Der%2e*C/ass t+e& t+e met+(* %& t+e BaseC/ass 0(1/* +a2e 3ee& ,a//e*. Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

12 OVER"O#DING $ when you have more than one method with the same name but di%%erent ar uments, the methods are said to be overloaded! E-am./e< .13/%, ,/ass O2erL(a*%&'E-am./eC .13/%, 2(%* a**8%&t %5 %&t ;9 C %&t > F % G ;A D .13/%, 2(%* a**8Str%&' s5 Str%&' t9 C %&t > F I&te'er..arseI&t8s9 G I&te'er..arseI&t8t9A D D As 6(1 ,a& see %& t+e e-am./e a3(2e5 0e +a2e t+e same met+(* a**89 ta>%&' t0( .arameters 31t 0%t+ *%))ere&t *ata t6.es. D1e t( (2er/(a*%&' 0e ,a& &(0 ,a// t+e a** met+(* 36 e%t+er .ass%&' %t a Str%&' (r %&t .

,006 2 1.8rite a (rogra% to illustrate Single in)eritance

LM 'ingle 1n etitance :o Cin! Area -f ;ectangle ML class Dimensions N int lengt K int brea!t K O class ;ectangle e3ten!s Dimensions N Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

14 int aK voi! area/< N a P lengt M brea!t K O O class Area N public static voi! main/'tring argsQR< N ;ectangle ;ect P ne" ;ectangle/<K ;ect.lengt P 4K ;ect.brea!t P 12K ;ect.area/<K '*stem.out.println/S: e Area of rectangle of lengt S B;ect.lengt BS an! brea!t SB;ect.brea!t BS is SB;ect.a<K O O LM -utput M : e Area of rectangle of lengt 4 an! brea!t 12 is 112 ML

2.8rite a (rogra% to illustrate %ultilevel in)eritance

Multilevel in eritance is a java feature " ere t e properties of a class are in erite! b* a class " ic e3ten!s one or more classes " ic e3ten! its features... 03ample# public class A N public 'tring get?ame/<N return S;oc$*SK O O public class 8 e3ten!s A N public int getAge/< N return 2)K O O public class C e3ten!s 8 N public 'tring getA!!ress/<N return S?ort Carolina& U'ASK O O public class D e3ten!s C N public voi! print N Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

15 '*stem.out.println/get?ame/<<K '*stem.out.println/getAge/<<K '*stem.out.println/getA!!ress/<<K O O : is met o! "oul! print t e follo"ing in t e console# 2oc7$ 24 Nort) Carolina: =SA

3.8rite a (rogra% to i%(le%entation o! %ulti(le in)eritance using inter!aces in java.

'imple .rogram -n Aava for t e implementation of Multiple in eritance using interfaces to calculate t e area of a rectangle an! triangle LM Area -f ;ectangle an! :riangle using 1nterface M L interface Area N float compute/float 3& float *<K O class ;ectangle implements Area N public float compute/float 3& float *< N return/3 M *<K O O class :riangle implements Area N public float compute/float 3&float *< N return/3 M *L2<K O O class 1nterfaceArea N public static voi! main/'tring argsQR< N ;ectangle rect P ne" ;ectangle/<K :riangle tri P ne" :riangle/<K Area areaK Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

17 area P rectK '*stem.out.println/SArea -f ;ectangle P SB area.compute/1&2<<K area P triK '*stem.out.println/SArea -f :riangle P SB area.compute/1%&2<<K O O LMM -U:.U: MM Area -f ;ectangle P 2.% Area -f :riangle P 1%.% ML 8""93

1. Progra% to create (ac7ages in java

pac$age pac$K public class parent1 N public parent1/< N '*stem.out.println/S>elloS<K O voi! met o!/< N '*stem.out.println/S?eelima S<K O O

2.Progra% to de%onstrate t)e i%(orting and accessing t)e (ac7ages

1mport pac$age pac$K public class c il!1 e3ten!s parent1 N public c il!1/< N '*stem.out.println/S>elloS<K O voi! met o!/< Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

2% N '*stem.out.println/S?eelima .aramsett*S<K O public static voi! main/'tring srgQR< N c il!1 c 1Pne" c il!1/<K c 1.met o!/<K O 8""94

1.Progra% to create 4)read.

class MyThread extends Thread{ String s=null; MyThread(String s1){ s=s1; start(); public void run(){ System.out.println(s); public class !unThread{ public static void main(String args"#){ MyThread m1=new MyThread($Thread started....$);

2.Progra% to create Dulti(le 4)reads using runnable inter!ace.

class MyThread1 i ple ents !unna%le{ Thread t; String s=null; MyThread1(String s1){ s=s1; t=new Thread(this); t.start(); public void run(){ System.out.println(s);

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

21

public class !una%leThread{ public static void main(String args"#){ MyThread1 m1=new MyThread1($Thread started....$);

3. .rogram to create Mutiple : rea!s using : rea! class.

class MyThread1 i ple ents !unna%le{ Thread t; MyThread1(String s) { t=new Thread(this&s); t.start(); public void run() { !or(int i=';i();i**) { System.out.println($Thread +ame me()); tr" { Thread.sleep(1'''); catc#(./-eption e){

,$*Thread.-urrentThread().get+a

public class !unna%leThread1{ public static void main(String args"#) { System.out.println($Thread +ame ,$*Thread.-urrentThread().get+ame( )); MyThread1 m1=new MyThread1($My Thread 1$); MyThread1 m0=new MyThread1($My Thread 0$);

C#Hnis aTjava ;unnable: rea!1 : rea! 8""9

1.Progra% to i%(le%ent interBt)read co%%unication.

class ' are! N int numP%K boolean value P falseK s*nc roniEe! int get/< N if /valuePPfalse< tr* N "ait/<K Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

22 O catc /1nterrupte!03ception e< N '*stem.out.println/S1nterrupte!03ception caug tS<K O '*stem.out.println/Sconsume# S B num<K valuePfalseK notif*/<K return numK O s*nc roniEe! voi! put/int num< N if /valuePPtrue< tr* N "ait/<K O catc /1nterrupte!03ception e< N '*stem.out.println/S1nterrupte!03ception caug tS<K O t is.numPnumK '*stem.out.println/S.ro!uce# S B num<K valuePfalseK notif*/<K O O class .ro!ucer e3ten!s : rea! N ' are! sK .ro!ucer/' are! s< N t is.sPsK t is.start/<K O public voi! run/< N int iP%K s.put/BBi<K O O class Consumer e3ten!s : rea!N ' are! sK Consumer/' are! s< N t is.sPsK t is.start/<K O Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

23 public voi! run/< N s.get/<K O O public class 1nter: rea!N public static voi! main/'tringQR args< N ' are! sPne" ' are!/<K ne" .ro!ucer/s<K ne" Consumer/s<K O O -utput of t e .rogram# C#Hnis aTjavac 1nter: rea!.java C#Hnis aTjava 1nter: rea! .ro!uce# 1 consume# 1

$%Write &pplet

progra

to

describe

t#e

li!e

c"cle

o!

import 1a2a.applet.3pplet; import 1a2a.a4t.5raphi-s; 66+o need to e/tend 73pplet& sin-e 4e don8t add any -omponents; 664e 1ust paint. pu%li- -lass Simple e/tends 3pplet { String9u::er %u::er; pu%li- 2oid init() { %u::er = ne4 String9u::er(); addItem($initiali;ing... $); pu%li- 2oid start() { addItem($starting... $); pu%li- 2oid stop() { addItem($stopping... $); pu%li- 2oid destroy() { addItem($preparing :or unloading...$); pri2ate 2oid addItem(String ne4Word) {

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

2)
System.out.println(ne4Word); %u::er.append(ne4Word); repaint(); pu%li- 2oid paint(5raphi-s g) { 66<ra4 a !e-tangle around the applet8s display area. g.dra4!e-t('& '& getWidth() = 1& get>eight() = 1); 66<ra4 the -urrent string inside the re-tangle. g.dra4String(%u::er.toString()& )& 1));

,006 2#

Progra%s to 8rite a((lets to dra0 t)e various s)a(es. a<circle b<2ectangle c<Lines
import java.applet.MK import java.a"t.MK public class ' apColor e3ten!s AppletN int 3P3%%&*P1%%&rP+%K public voi! paint/9rap ics g<N g.setColor/Color.re!<K LLDra"ing line color is re! g.!ra"Line/3&3%%&2%%&1%<K g.setColor/Color.magenta<K g.!ra"'tring/SLineS&1%%&1%%<K g.!ra"-val/3-r&*-r&1%%&1%%<K g.setColor/Color.*ello"<K LLCill t e *ello" color in circle g.fill-val/ 3-r&*-r& 1%%& 1%% <K g.setColor/Color.magenta<K g.!ra"'tring/SCircleS&24+&1%%<K g.!ra";ect/)%%&+%&2%%&1%%<K g.setColor/Color.*ello"<K LLCill t e *ello" color in rectangel g.fill;ect/ )%%& +%& 2%%& 1%% <K g.setColor/Color.magenta<K g.!ra"'tring/S;ectangelS&)+%&1%%<K O O >ere is t e >:ML co!e of t e program# U>:MLT U>0ADT UL>0ADT Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

2+ U8-DJT U!iv alignPScenterST UA..L0: AL19? P SC0?:0;S C-D0 P S' apColor.classS ,1D:> P S5%%ST >019>: P S+%%STULA..L0:T UL!ivT UL8-DJT UL>:MLT

WEEK'

,rite a program to create an! manipulate t efollo"ing a<8uttons. b< C ec$bo3e group c< te3tareas an! te3tfiel! !<panels a9,(*e t+at ,reates t+e 31tt(&s a&* rea,ts t( 31tt(& ,/%,>s. 8#ereHs t+e 0+(/e .r('ram.9
//In initialization code: %1 = ne4 9utton(); %1.set?a%el($<isa%le middle %utton$); %0 = ne4 9utton($Middle %utton$);

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programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

22

%3 = ne4 9utton($.na%le middle %utton$); %3.disa%le(); . . . pu%li- %oolean a-tion(.2ent e& @%1e-t arg) { @%1e-t target = e.target; i: (target == %1) { 66They -li-Aed $<isa%le middle %utton$ %0.disa%le(); %1.disa%le(); %3.ena%le(); return true; i: (target == %3) { 66They -li-Aed $.na%le middle %utton$ %0.ena%le(); %1.ena%le(); %3.disa%le(); return true; return :alse;

b<c ec$bo39roup t e co!e creates bot groups of c ec$bo3es. ?ote t at onl* t e secon!& mutuall*-e3clusive group of c ec$bo3es is controlle! b* a C ec$bo39roup.
Banel p1& p0; Che-A%o/ -%1& -%0& -%3; 66These are independent -he-A%o/es. Che-A%o/ -%C& -%)& -%D; 66These -he-A%o/es are part o: a group. Che-A%o/5roup -%g; -%1 = ne4 Che-A%o/(); 66<e:ault state is $o::$ (:alse). -%1.set?a%el($Che-A%o/ 1$); -%0 = ne4 Che-A%o/($Che-A%o/ 0$); -%3 = ne4 Che-A%o/($Che-A%o/ 3$); -%3.setState(true); 66Set state to $on$ (true). . . . -%g = ne4 Che-A%o/5roup(); -%C = ne4 Che-A%o/($Che-A%o/ C$& -%g& :alse); 66initial state, o:: (:alse) -%) = ne4 Che-A%o/($Che-A%o/ )$& -%g& :alse); 66initial state, o:: -%D = ne4 Che-A%o/($Che-A%o/ D$& -%g& :alse); 66initial state, o::

-) //Where instance variables are defined: Te/tEield te/tEield; Te/t3rea te/t3rea; pu%li- 2oid init() { te/tEield = ne4 Te/tEield(0'); te/t3rea = ne4 Te/t3rea()& 0'); te/t3rea.set.dita%le(:alse); ...//Add the two components to the panel.

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

24
pu%li- %oolean a-tion(.2ent e2t& @%1e-t arg) { String te/t = te/tEield.getTe/t(); te/t3rea.appendTe/t(te/t * $Fn$); te/tEield.sele-t3ll(); return true; d)>ereGs

an e3ample of using a .anel instance to ol! some Components#

ne4 Banel(); 9utton($9utton 1$)); 9utton($9utton 0$)); 9utton($9utton 3$));

Banel p1 = p1.add(ne4 p1.add(ne4 p1.add(ne4

>ereGs an e3ample of a .anel subclass t at !ra"s a frame aroun! its contents.

-lass Eramed3rea e/tends Banel { pu%li- Eramed3rea(Coordinates<emo -ontroller) { ...//Set the layout manager. //Add any Components this anel contains... 66.nsure that no Component is pla-ed on top o: the :rame. 66The inset 2alues 4ere determined %y trail and error. pu%li- Insets insets() { return ne4 Insets(C&C&)&)); 66<ra4 the :rame at this Banel8s edges. pu%li- 2oid paint(5raphi-s g) { <imension d = si;e(); Color %g = get9a-Aground(); g.setColor(%g); g.dra43<!e-t('& '& d.4idth = 1& d.height = 1& true); g.dra43<!e-t(3& 3& d.4idth = G& d.height = G& :alse);

8""9 1

1.Progra% to de%onstrate Douse "vent

3 sel:=-ontained 7Banel -lass that handles its o4n mouse e2ents. import 1a2a.a4t.H; import 1a2a.a4t.e2ent.H; import 1a2a/.s4ing.H; pu%li- -lass Sel:ContainedBanel e/tends 7Banel { pri2ate int /1& y1& /0& y0;

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programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

25 pu%li- Sel:ContainedBanel() { addMouse?istener( ne4 Mouse3dapter() { pu%li- 2oid mouseBressed( Mouse.2ent e ) { /1 = e.getI(); y1 = e.getJ(); pu%li- 2oid mouse!eleased( Mouse.2ent e ) { /0 = e.getI(); y0 = e.getJ(); repaint(); ); addMouseMotion?istener( ne4 MouseMotion3dapter() { pu%li- 2oid mouse<ragged( Mouse.2ent e ) { /0 = e.getI(); y0 = e.getJ(); repaint(); ); pu%li- <imension getBre:erredSi;e() { return ne4 <imension( 1)'& 1'' ); pu%li- 2oid paintComponent( 5raphi-s g ) { super.paintComponent( g ); g.dra4@2al( Math.min( /1& /0 )& Math.min( y1& y0 )& Math.a%s( /1 = /0 )& Math.a%s( y1 = y0 ) );

66 Creating a sel:=-ontained su%-lass o: 7Banel 66 that pro-esses its o4n mouse e2ents. Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

27 import 1a2a.a4t.H; import 1a2a.a4t.e2ent.H; import 1a2a/.s4ing.H; pu%li- -lass Sel:ContainedBanelTest e/tends 7Erame { pri2ate Sel:ContainedBanel myBanel; pu%li- Sel:ContainedBanelTest() { myBanel = ne4 Sel:ContainedBanel(); myBanel.set9a-Aground( Color.yello4 ); Container - = getContentBane(); -.set?ayout( ne4 Elo4?ayout() ); -.add( myBanel ); addMouseMotion?istener( ne4 MouseMotion?istener() { pu%li- 2oid mouse<ragged( Mouse.2ent e ) { setTitle( $<ragging, /=$ * e.getI() * $; y=$ * e.getJ() ); pu%li- 2oid mouseMo2ed( Mouse.2ent e ) { setTitle( $Mo2ing, /=$ * e.getI() * $; y=$ * e.getJ() ); ); setSi;e( 3''& 0'' ); sho4(); pu%li- stati- 2oid main( String args"# ) { Sel:ContainedBanelTest app = ne4 Sel:ContainedBanelTest(); app.addWindo4?istener( ne4 Windo43dapter() { pu%li- 2oid 4indo4Closing( Windo4.2ent e ) { System.e/it( ' );

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programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

3% );

2.Progra% to )andle 9e$"vent

pu%li- -lass Key.2ent<emo ... implements Key?istener ... { ...//where initialization occurs: typing3rea = ne4 7Te/tEield(0'); typing3rea.addKey?istener(this); 66Ln-omment this i: you 4ish to turn o:: :o-us 66tra2ersal. The :o-us su%system -onsumes 66:o-us tra2ersal Aeys& su-h as Ta% and Shi:t Ta%. 66I: you un-omment the :ollo4ing line o: -ode& this 66disa%les :o-us tra2ersal and the Ta% e2ents 66%e-ome a2aila%le to the Aey e2ent listener. 66typing3rea.setEo-usTra2ersalKeys.na%led(:alse); ... 6HH >andle the Aey typed e2ent :rom the te/t :ield. H6 pu%li- 2oid AeyTyped(Key.2ent e) { displayIn:o(e& $K.J TJB.<, $); 6HH >andle the Aey=pressed e2ent :rom the te/t :ield. H6 pu%li- 2oid AeyBressed(Key.2ent e) { displayIn:o(e& $K.J B!.SS.<, $); 6HH >andle the Aey=released e2ent :rom the te/t :ield. H6 pu%li- 2oid Aey!eleased(Key.2ent e) { displayIn:o(e& $K.J !.?.3S.<, $); ... pri2ate 2oid displayIn:o(Key.2ent e& String AeyStatus){ 66Jou should only rely on the Aey -har i: the e2ent 66is a Aey typed e2ent. int id = e.getI<(); String AeyString; i: (id == Key.2ent.K.JMTJB.<) { -har - = e.getKeyChar(); AeyString = $Aey -hara-ter = 8$ * - * $8$; else { int AeyCode = e.getKeyCode(); AeyString = $Aey -ode = $ * AeyCode * $ ($ * Key.2ent.getKeyTe/t(AeyCode) * $)$; int modi:iers./ = e.getModi:iers./(); String modString = $e/tended modi:iers = $ * modi:iers./; String tmpString = Key.2ent.getModi:iers./Te/t(modi:iers./); i: (tmpString.length() N ') { modString *= $ ($ * tmpString * $)$; else { modString *= $ (no e/tended modi:iers)$;

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programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

31

String a-tionString = $a-tion AeyO $; i: (e.is3-tionKey()) { a-tionString *= $J.S$; else { a-tionString *= $+@$; String lo-ationString = $Aey lo-ation, $; int lo-ation = e.getKey?o-ation(); i: (lo-ation == Key.2ent.K.JM?@C3TI@+MST3+<3!<) { lo-ationString *= $standard$; else i: (lo-ation == Key.2ent.K.JM?@C3TI@+M?.ET) { lo-ationString *= $le:t$; else i: (lo-ation == Key.2ent.K.JM?@C3TI@+M!I5>T) { lo-ationString *= $right$; else i: (lo-ation == Key.2ent.K.JM?@C3TI@+M+LMB3<) { lo-ationString *= $numpad$; else { 66 (lo-ation == Key.2ent.K.JM?@C3TI@+ML+K+@W+) lo-ationString *= $unAno4n$; ...//!isplay information about the "ey#vent...

3.8rite a (rogra% to illustrate t)e Inner Classes

1nner Class 03ample :o see an inner class in use& letGs first consi!er an arra*. 1n t e follo"ing e3ample& "e "ill create an arra*& fill it "it integer values an! t en output onl* values of even in!ices of t e arra* in ascen!ing or!er.

public class Data'tructure N LLcreate an arra* private final static int '1V0 P 1+K private intQR arra*-f1nts P ne" intQ'1V0RK

public Data'tructure/< N Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

32 LLfill t e arra* "it ascen!ing integer values for /int i P %K i U '1V0K iBB< N arra*-f1ntsQiR P iK O O

public voi! print0ven/< N LLprint out values of even in!ices of t e arra* 1nner0ven1terator iterator P t is.ne" 1nner0ven1terator/<K " ile /iterator. as?e3t/<< N '*stem.out.println/iterator.get?e3t/< B S S<K O O

LLinner class implements t e 1terator pattern private class 1nner0ven1terator N LLstart stepping t roug t e arra* from t e beginning private int ne3t P %K

public boolean as?e3t/< N LLc ec$ if a current element is t e last in t e arra* return /ne3t UP '1V0 - 1<K O

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programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

33 public int get?e3t/< N LLrecor! a value of an even in!e3 of t e arra* int retValue P arra*-f1ntsQne3tRK LLget t e ne3t even element ne3t BP 2K return retValueK O O

public static voi! main/'tring sQR< N LLfill t e arra* "it integer values an! print out onl* values of even in!ices Data'tructure !s P ne" Data'tructure/<K !s.print0ven/<K O O : e output is# % 2 ) 2 5 1% 12 1) .,006 7

8rite a (rogra% t)at illustrate t)e boarder la$out.

: e (orderLa"out manager arranges components "it in specifie! regions of a container. Vali! regions are S?ort S& S'out S& S0astS& S,estS& an! SCenterS. 8elo" s o"s an e3ample of t e (orderLa"out la*out manager.

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

3)

?otice t at components place! "it in a region of t e frame are e3ten!e! to fit t at region. -nl* one component s oul! be positione! in a particular region at a time. 1f more t an one component is a!!e! to a region& t e most recent component "ill obscure t e previousl* a!!e! ones.: e co!e for (orderLa"outExa ple of above Cigure. 'ince t e !efault la*out manager for frames is (orderLa"out& "e !o not e3plicitl* set t e la*out manager. public class 8or!erLa*out03ample e3ten!s Crame N public 8or!erLa*out03ample/'tring title< N super/title<K a!!/S?ort S& ne" 8utton/S?ort S<<K a!!/S'out S& ne" 8utton/S'out S<<K a!!/S0astS& ne" 8utton/S0astS<<K a!!/S,estS& ne" 8utton/S,estS<<K a!!/SCenterS& ne" 8utton/SCenterS<<K O public static voi! main/'tringQR args< N 8or!erLa*out03ample ble P ne" 8or!erLa*out03ample/S8or!erLa*out03ampleS<K ble.set'iEe/3%%& 2%%<K ble.s o"/<K OO Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

3+

,006 1% 1.Progra% to i%(le%ent 4)read s$nc)roniEation

4)e source code o! t)e T#readS"nc#roni)ation (rogra%.
-lass ThreadSyn-hroni;ation { pu%li- stati- 2oid main(String args"#) { MyThread thread1 = ne4 MyThread($thread1, $); MyThread thread0 = ne4 MyThread($thread0, $); thread1.start(); thread0.start(); %oolean thread1Is3li2e = true; %oolean thread0Is3li2e = true; do { i: (thread1Is3li2e PP Qthread1.is3li2e()) { thread1Is3li2e = :alse; System.out.println($Thread 1 is dead.$);

i: (thread0Is3li2e PP Qthread0.is3li2e()) { thread0Is3li2e = :alse; System.out.println($Thread 0 is dead.$);

4hile(thread1Is3li2e RR thread0Is3li2e);

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programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

32
-lass MyThread e/tends Thread { stati- String message"# = { $7a2a$& $is$& $hot&$& $aromati-&$& $and$& $in2igorating.$ ;

pu%li- MyThread(String id) { super(id);

pu%li- 2oid run() { Syn-hroni;ed@utput.display?ist(get+ame()&message);

2oid randomWait() { try { sleep((long)(3'''HMath.random())); -at-h (Interrupted./-eption /) { System.out.println($InterruptedQ$);

-lass Syn-hroni;ed@utput

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programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

34
{ pu%li- stati- syn-hroni;ed 2oid display?ist(String name&String list"#) { :or(int i=';i(list.length;**i) { MyThread t = (MyThread) Thread.-urrentThread(); t.randomWait(); System.out.println(name*list"i#);

Compile an! run t e program before going on "it its anal*sis. Jou mig t be surprise! at t e results t at *ouGve obtaine!. >ere are t e results of an e3ample run on m* s*stem#
C,F1a2aF1dgF-h'SN1a2a ThreadSyn-hroni;ation thread1, 7a2a thread1, is thread1, hot& thread1, aromati-& thread1, and thread1, in2igorating. Thread 1 is dead. thread0, 7a2a thread0, is thread0, hot& thread0, aromati-& thread0, and thread0, in2igorating. Thread 0 is dead.

?o" e!it ThreadSyn-hroni;ation.1a2a an! !elete t e syn-hroni;ed $e*"or! in t e !eclaration of t e display?ist() met o! of class Syn-hroni;ed@utput. 'ave ThreadSyn-hroni;ation.1a2a& recompile it& an! rerun it "it t e ne" c ange in place. Jou ma* no" get output similar to t is#
C,F1a2aF1dgF-h'SN1a2a ThreadSyn-hroni;ation thread0, 7a2a thread1, 7a2a thread1, is thread0, is thread0, hot& thread0, aromati-& thread1, hot& thread0, and thread0, in2igorating.

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

35
Thread 0 thread1, thread1, thread1, Thread 1 is dead. aromati-& and in2igorating. is dead.

2..rogram to implement : rea! .riorit*. LMM M : is class !emonstrates t e use of t rea!s. : e main/< met o! is t e initial M met o! invo$e! b* t e interpreter. 1t !efines an! starts t"o more t rea!s an! M t e t ree t rea!s run at t e same time. ?ote t at t is class e3ten!s : rea! M an! overri!es its run/< met o!. : at met o! provi!es t e bo!* of one of t e M t rea!s starte! b* t e main/< met o! ML public class : rea!Demo e3ten!s : rea! N LMM M : is met o! overri!es t e run/< met o! of : rea!. 1t provi!es t e bo!* for M t is t rea!. ML public voi! run/< N for /int i P %K i U +K iBB< compute/<K O

LMM Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

37 M : is main met o! creates an! starts t"o t rea!s in a!!ition to t e initial M t rea! t at t e interpreter creates to invo$e t e main/< met o!. ML public static voi! main/'tringQR args< N LL Create t e first t rea!# an instance of t is class. 1ts bo!* is LL t e run/< met o! above : rea!Demo t rea!1 P ne" : rea!Demo/<K

LL Create t e secon! t rea! b* passing a ;unnable object to t e LL : rea!/< construtor. : e bo!* of t is t rea! is t e run/< met o! LL of t e anon*mous ;unnable object belo". : rea! t rea!2 P ne" : rea!/ne" ;unnable/< N public voi! run/< N for /int i P %K i U +K iBB< compute/<K O O<K

LL 'et t e priorities of t ese t"o t rea!s& if an* are specifie! if /args.lengt TP 1< t rea!1.set.riorit*/1nteger.parse1nt/argsQ%R<<K if /args.lengt TP 2< t rea!2.set.riorit*/1nteger.parse1nt/argsQ1R<<K

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programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

)% LL 'tart t e t"o t rea!s running t rea!1.start/<K t rea!2.start/<K

LL : is main/< met o! is run b* t e initial t rea! create! b* t e LL Aava interpreter. ?o" t at t rea! !oes some stuff& too. for /int i P %K i U +K iBB< compute/<K

LL ,e coul! "ait for t e t rea!s to stop running "it t ese lines LL 8ut t e* arenGt necessar* ere& so "e !onGt bot er. LL tr* N LL t rea!1.join/<K LL t rea!2.join/<K LL O catc /1nterrupte!03ception e< NO

LL : e Aava VM e3its onl* " en t e main/< met o! returns& an! " en all LL t rea!s stop running /e3cept for !aemon t rea!s--see setDaemon/<<. O

LL : rea!Local objects respresent a value accesse! "it get/< an! set/<. LL 8ut t e* maintain a !ifferent value for eac t rea!. : is object $eeps LL trac$ of o" man* times eac t rea! as calle! compute/<. static : rea!Local numcalls P ne" : rea!Local/<K Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

)1

LMM : is is t e !umm* met o! our t rea!s all call ML static s*nc roniEe! voi! compute/< N LL Cigure out o" man* times "eGve been calle! b* t e current t rea! 1nteger n P /1nteger< numcalls.get/<K if /n PP null< n P ne" 1nteger/1<K else n P ne" 1nteger/n.intValue/< B 1<K numcalls.set/n<K

LL Displa* t e name of t e t rea!& an! t e number of times calle! '*stem.out.println/: rea!.current: rea!/<.get?ame/< B S# S B n<K

LL Do a long computation& simulating a Scompute-boun!S t rea! for /int i P %& j P %K i U 1%%%%%%K iBB< j BP iK

LL Alternativel*& "e can simulate a t rea! subject to net"or$ or 1LLL !ela*s b* causing it to sleep for a ran!om amount of time# tr* N LL 'top running for a ran!om number of millisecon!s : rea!.sleep//int< /Mat .ran!om/< M 1%% B 1<<K O catc /1nterrupte!03ception e< N Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

)2 O

LL 0ac t rea! politel* offers t e ot er t rea!s a c ance to run. LL : is is important so t at a compute-boun! t rea! !oes not SstarveS LL ot er t rea!s of e(ual priorit*. : rea!.*iel!/<K O O

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programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

)3

*iva +uestions , &nswers

/uestion6 , at !o *ou un!erstan! b* '*nc roniEationW Ans0er6 '*nc roniEation is a process of controlling t e access of s are! resources b* t e multiple t rea!s in suc a manner t at onl* one t rea! can access one resource at a time. 1n non s*nc roniEe! multit rea!e! application& it is possible for one t rea! to mo!if* a s are! object " ile anot er t rea! is in t e process of using or up!ating t e objectGs value. '*nc roniEation prevents suc t*pe of !ata corruption. ".g. S$nc)roniEing a !unction6 public s*nc roniEe! voi! Met o!1 /< N LL Appropriate met o!-relate! co!e. O ".g. S$nc)roniEing a bloc7 o! code inside a !unction6 public m*Cunction /<N s*nc roniEe! /t is< N LL '*nc roniEe! co!e ere. O O /uestion6 , at is Collection A.1W Ans0er6 : e Collection A.1 is a set of classes an! interfaces t at support operation on collections of objects. : ese classes an! interfaces are more fle3ible& more po"erful& an! more regular t an t e vectors& arra*s& an! as tables if effectivel* replaces. "#a%(le o! classes# -as#Set& -as#.ap& &rra"List& Lin/edList& TreeSet an! Tree.ap. "#a%(le o! inter!aces# 0ollection& Set& List an! .ap% /uestion6 1s 1terator a Class or 1nterfaceW , at is its useW Ans0er6 1terator is an interface " ic is use! to step t roug t e elements of a Collection. /uestion6 , at is similaritiesL!ifference bet"een an Abstract class an! 1nterfaceW Ans0er6 Differences are as follo"s#

1nterfaces provi!e a form of multiple in eritance. A class can e3ten! onl* one ot er class. 1nterfaces are limite! to public met o!s an! constants "it no implementation. Abstract classes can ave a partial implementation& protecte! parts& static met o!s& etc. A Class ma* implement several interfaces. 8ut in case of abstract class& a class ma* e3ten! onl* one abstract class. 1nterfaces are slo" as it re(uires e3tra in!irection to to fin! correspon!ing met o! in in t e actual class. Abstract classes are fast. programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

Dept. of MCA

)) 'imilarities#

?eit er Abstract classes or 1nterface can be instantiate!.

/uestion6 >o" to !efine an Abstract classW Ans0er6 A class containing abstract met o! is calle! Abstract class. An Abstract class canGt be instantiate!. 03ample of Abstract class# abstract class testAbstractClass N protecte! 'tring m*'tringK public 'tring getM*'tring/< N return m*'tringK O public abstract string an*AbstractCunction/<K O /uestion6 >o" to !efine an 1nterfaceW Ans0er6 1n Aava 1nterface !efines t e met o!s but !oes not implement t em. 1nterface can inclu!e constants. A class t at implements t e interfaces is boun! to implement all t e met o!s !efine! in 1nterface. 0maple of 1nterface# public interface sample1nterface N public voi! function-ne/<K public long C-?':A?:I-?0 P 1%%%K O /uestion6 03plain t e user !efine! 03ceptionsW Ans0er6 User !efine! 03ceptions are t e separate 03ception classes !efine! b* t e user for specific purpose!. An user !efine! can create! b* simpl* sub-classing it to t e 03ception class. : is allo"s custom e3ceptions to be generate! /using t ro"< an! caug t in t e same "a* as normal e3ceptions. 03ample# class m*Custom03ception e3ten!s 03ception N LL : e class simpl* as to e3ist to be an e3ception O /uestion6 03plain t e ne" Ceatures of AD8C 2.% Core A.1W Ans0er6 : e AD8C 2.% A.1 inclu!es t e complete AD8C A.1& " ic inclu!es bot core an! -ptional .ac$age A.1& an! provi!es in!uctrial-strengt !atabase computing capabilities. ?e" Ceatures in AD8C 2.% Core A.1# Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

)+

'crollable result sets- using ne" met o!s in t e ;esult'et interface allo"s programmaticall* move t e to particular ro" or to a position relative to its current position AD8C 2.% Core A.1 provi!es t e 8atc Up!ates functionalit* to t e java applications. Aava applications can no" use t e ;esult'et.up!ateDDD met o!s. ?e" !ata t*pes - interfaces mapping t e 'XL3 !ata t*pes Custom mapping of user-!efine! t*pes /U:Ds< Miscellaneous features& inclu!ing performance ints& t e use of c aracter streams& full precision for java.mat .8igDecimal values& a!!itional securit*& an! support for time Eones in !ate& time& an! timestamp values.

/uestion6 03plain garbage collectionW Ans0er6 9arbage collection is one of t e most important feature of Aava. 9arbage collection is also calle! automatic memor* management as AVM automaticall* removes t e unuse! variablesLobjects /value is null< from t e memor*. User program cannGt !irectl* free t e object from memor*& instea! it is t e job of t e garbage collector to automaticall* free t e objects t at are no longer reference! b* a program. 0ver* class in erits !inaliEe;< met o! from java.lang.Object& t e finaliEe/< met o! is calle! b* garbage collector " en it !etermines no more references to t e object e3ists. 1n Aava& it is goo! i!ea to e3plicitl* assign null into a variable " en no more in use. 1 Aava on calling S$ste%.gc;< an! 2unti%e.gc;<: AVM tries to rec*cle t e unuse! objects& but t ere is no guarantee " en all t e objects "ill garbage collecte!. /uestion6 >o" *ou can force t e garbage collectionW Ans0er6 9arbage collection automatic process an! canGt be force!. /uestion6 , at is --.'W Ans0er6 --. is t e common abbreviation for -bject--riente! .rogramming. /uestion6 Describe t e principles of --.'. Ans0er6 : ere are t ree main principals of oops " ic are calle! .ol*morp ism& 1n eritance an! 0ncapsulation. /uestion6 03plain t e 0ncapsulation principle. Ans0er6 0ncapsulation is a process of bin!ing or "rapping t e !ata an! t e co!es t at operates on t e !ata into a single entit*. : is $eeps t e !ata safe from outsi!e interface an! misuse. -ne "a* to t in$ about encapsulation is as a protective "rapper t at prevents co!e an! !ata from being arbitraril* accesse! b* ot er co!e !efine! outsi!e t e "rapper.

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

)2 /uestion6 03plain t e 1n eritance principle. Ans0er6 1n eritance is t e process b* " ic one object ac(uires t e properties of anot er object. /uestion6 03plain t e .ol*morp ism principle. Ans0er6 : e meaning of .ol*morp ism is somet ing li$e one name man* forms. .ol*morp ism enables one entit* to be use! as as general categor* for !ifferent t*pes of actions. : e specific action is !etermine! b* t e e3act nature of t e situation. : e concept of pol*morp ism can be e3plaine! as Sone interface& multiple met o!sS. /uestion6 03plain t e !ifferent forms of .ol*morp ism. Ans0er6 Crom a practical programming vie"point& pol*morp ism e3ists in t ree !istinct forms in Aava#

Met o! overloa!ing Met o! overri!ing t roug in eritance Met o! overri!ing t roug t e Aava interface

/uestion6 , at are Access 'pecifiers available in AavaW Ans0er6 Access specifiers are $e*"or!s t at !etermines t e t*pe of access to t e member of a class. : ese are# .ublic .rotecte! .rivate Defaults

/uestion6 Describe t e "rapper classes in Aava. Ans0er6 ,rapper class is "rapper aroun! a primitive !ata t*pe. An instance of a "rapper class contains& or "raps& a primitive value of t e correspon!ing t*pe. Collo"ing table lists t e primitive t*pes an! t e correspon!ing "rapper classes# Pri%itive
boolean b$te c)ar double !loat

8ra((er
java.lang.Foolean java.lang.F$te java.lang.C)aracter java.lang.'ouble java.lang.>loat

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

)4
int long s)ort void java.lang.Integer java.lang.Long java.lang.S)ort java.lang..oid

/uestion6 ;ea! t e follo"ing program# public class test N public static voi! main/'tring QR args< N int 3 P 3K int * P 1K if /3 P *< '*stem.out.println/S?ot e(ualS<K else '*stem.out.println/S0(ualS<K O O , at is t e resultW A. : e output is Y0(ualZ 8. : e output in Y?ot 0(ualZ C. An error at S if /3 P *<S causes compilation to fall. D. : e program e3ecutes but no output is s o" on consol Ans0er6 C /uestion6 " at is t e class variables W Ans0er6 , en "e create a number of objects of t e same class& t en eac object "ill s are a common cop* of variables. : at means t at t ere is onl* one cop* per class& no matter o" man* objects are create! from it. Class variables or static variables are !eclare! "it t e static $e*"or! in a class& but min! it t at it s oul! be !eclare! outsi!e outsi!e a class. : ese variables are store! in static memor*. Class variables are mostl* use! for constants& variable t at never c ange its initial value. 'tatic variables are al"a*s calle! b* t e class name. : is variable is create! " en t e program starts i.e. it is create! before t e instance is create! of class b* using ne" operator an! gets !estro*e! " en t e programs stops. : e scope of t e class variable is same a instance variable. : e class variable can be !efine! an*" ere at class level "it t e $e*"or! static. 1t initial value is same as instance variable. , en t e class variable is !efine! as int t en itGs initial value is b* !efault Eero& " en !eclare! boolean its !efault value is false an! null for object references. Class variables are associate! "it t e class& rat er t an "it an* object. /uestion6 , at is t e !ifference bet"een t e instanceof an! getclass& t ese t"o are same or not W Ans0er6 instanceof is a operator& not a function " ile getClass is a met o! of java.lang.-bject class. Consi!er a con!ition " ere "e use if/o.getClass/<.get?ame/<.e(uals/Sjava.lang.Mat S<<N O Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

)5 : is met o! onl* c ec$s if t e classname "e ave passe! is e(ual to java.lang.Mat . : e class java.lang.Mat is loa!e! b* t e bootstrap ClassLoa!er. : is class is an abstract class.: is class loa!er is responsible for loa!ing classes. 0ver* Class object contains a reference to t e ClassLoa!er t at !efines. getClass/< met o! returns t e runtime class of an object. 1t fetc es t e java instance of t e given full* (ualifie! t*pe name. : e co!e "e ave "ritten is not necessar*& because "e s oul! not compare getClass.get?ame/<. : e reason be in! it is t at if t e t"o !ifferent class loa!ers loa! t e same class but for t e AVM& it "ill consi!er bot classes as !ifferent classes so& "e canGt compare t eir names. 1t can onl* gives t e implementing class but canGt compare a interface& but instanceof operator can. : e instanceof operator compares an object to a specifie! t*pe. ,e can use it to test if an object is an instance of a class& an instance of a subclass& or an instance of a class t at implements a particular interface. ,e s oul! tr* to use instanceof operator in place of getClass/< met o!. ;emember instanceof opeator an! getClass are not same. :r* t is e3ample& it "ill elp *ou to better un!erstan! t e !ifference bet"een t e t"o. 1nterface oneN O Class :"o implements one N O Class : ree implements one N O public class :est N public static voi! main/'tring argsQR< N one test1 P ne" :"o/<K one test2 P ne" : ree/<K '*stem.out.println/test1 instanceof one<K LLtrue '*stem.out.println/test2 instanceof one<K LLtrue '*stem.out.println/:est.getClass/<.e(uals/test2.getClass/<<<K LLfalse O O /uestion6, * t rea!s bloc$ or enters to "aiting state on 1L-W A : rea!s enters to "aiting state or bloc$ on 1L- because ot er t rea!s can e3ecute " ile t e 1L- operations are performe!. 2 X , at are transient variables in javaW A :ransient variables are variable t at cannot be serialiEe!. /uestion6 >o" -bserver an! -bservable are use!W A 'ubclass of -bservable class maintain a list of observers. , enever an -bservable object is up!ate!& it invo$es t e up!ate/< met o! of eac of its observers to notif* t e observers t at it as a c ange! state. An observer is an* object t at implements t e interface -bserver. /uestion6 , at is s*nc roniEation A '*nc roniEation is t e abilit* to control t e access of multiple t rea!s to s are! resources. '*nc roniEation stops multit rea!ing. ,it s*nc roniEation & at a time onl* one t rea! "ill be able to access a s are! resource. Dept. of MCA programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

)7 /uestion6 , at is List interface W Ans0er6 List is an or!ere! collection of objects. /uestion6, at is a Vector Ans"er# Vector is a gro" able arra* of objects. /uestion6 , at is t e !ifference bet"een *iel!/< an! sleep/<W Ans0er , en a object invo$es *iel!/< it returns to rea!* state. 8ut " en an object invo$es sleep/< met o! enters to not rea!* state. /uestion6 , at are ,rapper Classes W Ans0er6 : e* are "rappers to primitive !ata t*pes. : e* allo" us to access primitives as objects. /uestion #Can "e call finaliEe/< met o! W Ans0er Jes. ?obo!* "ill stop us to call an* met o! & if it is accessible in our class. 8ut a garbage collector cannot call an objectGs finaliEe met o! if t at object is reac able. /uestion , at is t e !ifference bet"een time slicing an! preemptive sc e!uling W Ans0er61n preemptive sc e!uling& ig est priorit* tas$ continues e3ecution till it enters a not running state or a ig er priorit* tas$ comes into e3istence. 1n time slicing& t e tas$ continues its e3ecution for a pre!efine! perio! of time an! reenters t e pool of rea!* tas$s. /uestion , at is t e initial state of a t rea! " en it is create! an! starte!W Ans0er : e t rea! is in rea!* state. /uestion Can "e !eclare an anon*mous class as bot e3ten!ing a class an! implementing an interfaceW Ans0er# ?o. An anon*mous class can e3ten! a class or implement an interface& but it cannot be !eclare! to !o bot /uestion , at are t e !ifferences bet"een boolean [ operator an! [ operatorA Ans0er6, en an e3pression containing t e [ operator is evaluate!& bot operan!s are evaluate!. An! t e [ operator is applie! to t e operan!. , en an e3pression containing [[ operator is evaluate!& t e first operan! is evaluate!. 1f t e first operan! returns a value of true t en onl* t e secon! operan! is evaluate! ot er"ise t e secon! part "ill not get e3ecute!. [[ is also calle! s ort cut an!. /uestion , at is t e use of t e finall* bloc$W Ans0erCinall* is t e bloc$ of co!e t at e3ecutes al"a*s. : e co!e in finall* bloc$ "ill e3ecute even if an e3ception is occurre!. finall* "ill not e3ecute " en t e user calls '*stem.e3it/<. /uestion , at is an abstract met o! W Ans0erAn abstract met o! is a met o! t at !onGt ave a bo!*. 1t is !eclare! "it mo!ifier abstract.

Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V

+%

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Dept. of MCA

programming in java Lab ---D.U.V