SEISMIC DESIGN

UNDER UBC-97
Purdue University
CE571 - Earthquake Engineering
Spring 2003
Luis E. Garca and Mete A. Sozen
1
Pre-dimensioning and
coordination with other design
professionals
2
Definition of all
dead and live loads
3
Define Seismic Zone
(Z)
Seismic Zone from Map in Figure 16-2
Value of Z from Table 16-I
0.40 0.30 0.20 0.15 0.075
Z
4 3 2B 2A 1
Zone
4
Define Occupancy Category
(I)
Occupancy Category from Table 16-K
1.00 1.00 1.00 Utilities, except towers.
5. Miscellan.
structures
1.00 1.00 1.00
All occupancies not listed in 1 to 3, and
towers belonging to Utilities
4.
Standard
occupancy
1.00 1.00 1.00
Schools > 300 students, universities >
500 students, any buildings > 5,000
occupants, occupants restricted > 50
3.
Special
occupancy
1.15 1.50 1.25 Housing toxic or explosive substances.
2.
Hazardous
facilities
1.15 1.50 1.25
Needed after the emergency
(Hospitals,fire and police stations,
emergency vehicle garages, aviation
control towers, communication centers,
fire suppressing equipment, etc.
1.
Essential
facilities
I
w
I
p
I
Occupancy or function
of the structure
Occupancy
Category
5
Define Site geology
and soil characteristics
(S
?
)
Soil profile types are defined in Table 16-J
Section 1636 gives Site Characterization
Procedure
Stiff Soil Profile
S
D
Soft Soil Profile
S
E
Soils Requiring
Site-Specific Evaluation
S
F
Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock
S
C
Rock
S
B
Hard Rock
S
A
Generic Description Soil Profile Type
Definition of the soil profile is based on
averaged soil properties for the
upper 100 feet of soil profile.
The properties used are:
lAverage shear wave velocity
lAverage standard penetration resistance
lAverage standard penetration resistance for
the cohesionless soils only
lAverage undrained shear strength in case of
cohesive soils
Site characterization
< 2000 < 15 < 600 Soft soil S
E
1000 -2000 15 - 50 600 - 1200 Stiff soil S
D
> 2000 > 50 1200 2500
Very dense soil
or soft rock
S
C
- - 2500 5000 Rock S
B
- - >5000 Hard rock S
A
(psf) (ft/sec)
Description Type
s
v
CH
N or N u
s
If not enough information use Type S
D
For Type S
E
the Building Official must determine if it may exist.
Site-specific evaluation for S
F
Is meant for soils vulnerable to potential failure or collapse
under seismic ground motions
Such as:
lLiquefiable soils
lQuick and highly sensitive clays
lCollapsible weakly cemented soils
lPeats and highly organic clays (H >10 ft)
lVery high plasticity clays (PI > 75, H > 25 ft)
lVery thick soft to medium soft clays (H >120 ft.)
SOIL PROFILE TYPE
Soft soil ?
rock
> ?
surface
?
6
Define Seismic Hazard
Characteristics
(N
a
, N
v
)
Seismic Hazard Characteristics
Are based on:
lThe seismic zone
lThe proximity of the site to active
seismic sources
lThe site soils characteristics, and
lThe structures importance factor.
Proximity evaluation of the site
to active seismic sources
lIt is required only in UBC Zone 4.
lTable 16-U divides the type of seismic
sources in A, B and C, depending upon:
Maximum magnitude the source can
generate
Slip rate (in mm/year) of the source
l Once the type of source(s) is defined
two Near Source Factors (N
a
and N
v
)
must be obtained, depending on the
distance to the seismic source(s).
7
Define Seismic Response
Coefficients
(C
a
, C
v
)
Seismic Coefficients (C
a
and C
v
)
lThey are defined in Tables 16-Q and 16-R
Z
S
?
Soil Profile Type
Seismic Zone Factor
Design Ground Motions
Peak acceleration
Peak velocity
The design ground motions so defined,
take into account:
lThe seismic hazard at the site
lThe site geotechnical
characteristics
lThe importance of the
occupancy of the structure
being built
But we have not talked about resonance of
the ground motion frequency content and
the structure vibration characteristics, yet!
8
Define the Structural System
Two parameters are relevant
lThe structural material
lThe lateral-load resisting
system
Structural materials
Reinforced concrete
Structural masonry
Structural Steel
Wood
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEM
GRAVITY
LOADS
LATERAL
FORCES
BEARING
WALL
FRAME
MOMENT
RESISTING
FRAME
DUAL
But there is more to it!
lConfiguration of the structure
Regular
Irregular
lMaterial detailing requirements
Ordinary
Intermediate
Special
9
Define the Structural
Configuration
Configuration
=
Regular or Irregular
lIrregularities in height are
defined in Table 16-L
lIrregularities in plan are
defined in Table 16-M
Vertical 1 - Soft Story
A
B
C
D
E
F
( ( ) )
3
K K K
80 . 0 K
or
K 70 . 0 K
F E D
C
D C
+ + + +
< <
< <
Vertical 2 - Mass Distribution
A
B
C
D
E
F
C D
E D
w 50 . 1 w
or
w 50 . 1 w
> >
> >
Vertical 3 - Geometric Irregularity
A
B
C
D
E
F
a
b
b 30 . 1 a > >
Vertical 4 - In-Plane Displacement
A
B
C
D
E
F
a
b
a b > >
Vertical 5 - Weak Story
A
B
C
D
E
F
C Strength 70 . 0
B Strength

< <
Plan 1 - Torsional Irregularity


1
2

, ,
_ _



+ +
> >
2
2 . 1
2 1
1
Plan 2 - Setbacks
A
B
C
D
D 15 . 0 C or B 15 . 0 A > > > >
Plan 3 - Diaphragm Irregularities
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
E
B A 5 . 0 D C > >
( ( ) )
B A 5 . 0
E C D C

> >
+ +
Plan 4 - Action Plane Displacement
Displacement
Action plane
Direction under
study
Plan 5 - Non-Parallel Systems
PLAN VIEW
Non parallel
10
Define the Structural Material
Detailing Requirements
The objective
lFor stronger ground motions, we want
more energy dissipation capacity.
lTherefore, we must detail our structure
following requirements that warrant this
energy dissipation capacity.
lWe can employ brittle type requirements
in the low seismic hazard regions, and
should employ ductile type requirements
in the high seismic hazard regions.
Use of the structural materials
no no
no no
no no
Energy
Dissipation
Capacity
Seismic Hazard
Low
Moderate
High
Ordinary
Intermediate
Special
Using reinforced concrete as an
example:
Chapter 21
(Except 21.12)
Special
Section 21.12 Intermediate
Chapters 1 to 20 Ordinary
Requirements of
ACI 318-02
Energy Dissipation
Characteristics
11
Selection of the
Lateral-Force Procedure
UBC-97 defines
three analysis procedures
1. Simplified Static
2. Static
3. Dynamic
Selection of the procedure
(Sect. 1629.8) depends on:
lImportance of the structure
lBuilding height
lConfiguration of the structure (regular or
irregular)
lSeismic zone
lLateral-load structural system
lSoil profile type
lBuilding fundamental period
12
Definition of the
design lateral forces
Definition of the design lateral forces
LATERAL STORY FORCES
DESIGN BASE SHEAR
T
Fundamental
Period
Mass
STRUCTURE VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS
Stiffness
S
a
Spectral
Acceleration
DESIGN EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTIONS
W
Weight of
the building
Non-structural elements
Structure self-weight
Mechanical equipment
MASS
V
s
F
i
T
S
a
R
Response
modification
factor
Structural system
STRUCTURE DISSIPATION CHARACTERISTICS
Structural Material
v
a
a a
v
C I
2.5 C I
T
S 0.11 C I
0.8 Z N I








' '






W
R
S
V
a

13
Analysis
Analysis
Analysis of the
structure
using the analysis
procedure
and the defined
lateral forces
accidental torsion
F
ix
F
iy
14
Displacements
From the analysis we obtain
the lateral design displacements

xi
story
i

yi
15
Internal forces
Internal forces from the analysis
lAxial forces
lFlexural moments
lShear forces
lTorsion forces
16
Story drift verification
Story drift





5
4
3
2
1
h
h
h
h
h
p5
p4
p3
p2
p1
F
F
F
F
F
5
4
3
2
1

5
Inelastic story displacements
S M
R 7 . 0
Inelastic story drift
) 1 i ( ) i (
M M i
Dift Story


Story drift limits
lStructures with T<0.7 sec.
2.5% h
story
lStructures with T>0.7 sec.
2.0% h
story