22 Reasons To Vacate Void Judgment

By Jacob Roginsky, Ph.D. (View author info) Dahlgren, Calif. A ril !!, !""# Voi$ %u$g&ents are those ren$ere$ by a court which lacke$ %uris$iction, either of the sub%ect &atter or the arties. 'ahl (. Roun$ Valley Bank )* Ari+, ,--, )"" P. .//(-.)-), 0ube City 1ining 2 1illng Co. (. 3tterson, -4 Ari+. )"/, -,4 !")(-.-,)5 an$ 1illken (. 1eyer, )-- 6.7. ,/#, 4- 7. C0. )).,*/ 8. 9$. !$ !#* (-.,"). : can go into (oi$ %u$g&ents at great length with enough court case cites to &ake anybo$y;s eyes gla+e o(er but : shall refrain. 8et it be sai$ that the really big $eal with sub%ect &atter %uris$iction is that it can ne(er be resu&e$, ne(er be wai(e$, an$ cannot be constructe$ e(en by &utual consent of the arties. 7ub%ect &atter %uris$iction is !< art 5 the statutory or co&&on law authority for the court to hearthe case an$ the a earance an$ testi&ony of a co& etent fact witness, in other wor$s, sufficiency of lea$ings. 7ub%ect &atter failings are usually the following= (-) >o etition in the recor$ of the case, Brown (. Van?euren, )," :ll. --*,-!! (-.)"). (!) Defecti(e etition file$, 7a&e case as abo(e. ()) @rau$ co&&itte$ in the rocure&ent of %uris$iction, @re$&an Brothers @urniture (. De t. of Re(enue, -". :ll. !$ !"!, ,*4 >.9. !$ *.)(-.*/) (,)@rau$ u on the court, :n re Village of 'illowbrook, )# :ll, A . )$ ).)(-.4!)

(/) a %u$ge $oes not follow statutory roce$ure, Ar&strong (. 3bucino, )"" :ll -,", -,) (-.!-) (4) 6nlawful acti(ity of a %u$ge, Co$e of Ju$icial Con$uct. (#)Violation of $ue rocess, Johnson (. Aerbst, )", 6.7. ,/*, /* 7.Ct. -"-.(-.) 5Pure 3il Co. (. City of >orthlake, -" :ll.!$ !,-, !,/, -," >.9. !$ !*. (-./4)5Ballberg ( Col$blatt Bros., )4) :ll !/ (-.)4), (*) :f the court eDcee$e$ it;s statutory authority. Rosenstiel (. Rosenstiel, !#* @. 7u . #., (7.D.>.E. -.4#)

(.) any acts in (iolation of -- 6.7.C. )4!(a),:> re Carcia, -". B.R. ))/ (>.D. :llinois, -.*.). (-") 'here no %usticiable issue is resente$ to the court through ro er lea$ings, 8igon (. 'illia&s, !4, :ll. A )$ #"-, 4)# >.9. !$ 4)) (-st Dist. -..,) (--) 'here a co& laint states no cogni+able cause of action against that arty, Charles (. Core, !,* :ll A . )$ ,,-, 4-* >.9. !$ //, (-st. Dist. -..)) (-!) where any litigant was re resente$ before a court by a ersonFlaw fir& that is rohibite$ by law to ractice law in that %uris$iction. (-)) 'hen the %u$ge is in(ol(e$ in a sche&e of bribery (the Ale&ann cases, Bracey ( 'ar$en, 6.7. 7u re&e Court >o. .4<4-)) (June ., -..#) (-,) 'here a su&&ons was not ro erly issue$. (-/) 'here ser(ice of rocess was not &a$e ursuant to statute an$ 7u re&e Court Rules, Jano(e (. Bacon, 4 :ll. !$ !,/, !,., !-* >.9. !$ #"4, #"* (-./)) (-4) when the rules of the Circuit court are not co& lie$ with.

(-#) when the local rules of the s ecial court are not co& lie$ with. (3ne 'here the %u$ge $oes not act i& artially, Bracey (. 'ar$en, 6.7. 7u re&e Court >o. .4<4-)) (June ., -..#) (-.) where the statute is (ague, Peo le (. 'illia&s, 4)* >.9. !$ !"# (-st Dist. (-..,) (!") when ro er notice is not gi(en to all arties by the &o(ant, 'ilson (. 1oore, -) :ll. A . )$ 4)!, )"- >.9. !$ ). (-st Dist. (-.#)) (!-) where an or$erF%u$g&ent is base$ on a (oi$ or$er F %u$g&ent, Austin (. 7&ith, )-! @ !$ ))#, ),)(-.4!)5 9nglish (. 9nglish, #! :ll. A -.#.) or . )$ #)4, ).) >.9. !$ -* (-st Dist.

(!!) where the ublic olicy of the 7tate of :llinois is (iolate$, 1artin<0regona ( Ro$erick, !. :ll. A . )$ //), ))- >.9. !$ -"" (-st Dist. -.#/) An$ another that can an$ shoul$ be checke$ on is $oes the %u$ge ha(e a co y of his oath of office on file in his cha&bersG :f not, he is not a %u$ge an$ yes, you can go into his office an$ $e&an$ to see a co y of his oath of office at any ti&e. 0he laws co(ering %u$ges an$ other ublic officials are to be foun$ at / 6.7.C. )))-, !* 6.7.C. /,) an$ / 6.7.C. -.*) an$ if the %u$ge has not co& lie$ with all of those ro(isions he is not a %u$ge but a tres asser u on the court. :f he is ro(en a tres asser u on the court (u on the law) not one of his %u$g&ents, ronounce&ents or or$ers are (ali$. All are null an$ (oi$. :n all, there are !! in$ices which tell us whether or not a court ha$ sub%ect &atter %uris$iction an$ when eDa&ining a %u$g&ent one has to know each an$ e(ery one of the& by heart. :f he knows the& by heart he can go through a %u$g&ent like 7her&an going though Ceorgia an$ oint out all of the errors, which &ight &ake the case a (oi$ %u$g&ent, null an$ (oi$ u on it;s face. Authorities on Voi$ Ju$g&ents A ril !!, !""# By Jacob Roginsky, Ph.D. (View author info) Co yright A 1atter of Justice Dahlgren, Virginia < Authorities on Voi$ Ju$g&ents Black;s 8aw Dictionary, 7iDth 9$ition, age -/#, Voi$ %u$g&ent. 3ne which has no legal force or effect, in(ali$ity of which &ay be asserte$ by any erson whose rights are affecte$ at any ti&e an$ at any lace $irectly or collaterally. Reynol$s (. Volunteer 7tate 8ife :ns. Co., 0eD.Ci(.A ., *" 7.'.!$ -"*#, -".!. 3ne which fro& its ince tion is an$ fore(er continues to be absolutely null, without legal efficacy, ineffectual to bin$ arties or su ort a right, of no legal force an$ effect whate(er, an$ inca able of confir&ation, ratification, or enforce&ent in any &anner or to any $egree. Ju$g&ent is a H(oi$ %u$g&entH if court that ren$ere$ %u$g&ent lacke$ %uris$iction of the sub%ect &atter, or of the arties, or acte$ in a &anner inconsistent with $ue rocess. ?lugh (. 6.7., D.C.7.C., 4-" @.7u . *.!, ."-. 7ee also Voi$able %u$g&ent. 3ther Authorities on Voi$ Ju$g&ents= Voi$ %u$g&ents are those ren$ere$ by a court which lacke$ %uris$iction, either of the sub%ect &atter or the arties. 7ee= 'ahl (. Roun$ Valley Bank, )* Ari+. ,--, )"" P..// (-.)-) 0ube City 1ining 2 1illing Co. (. 3tterson, -4 Ari+. )"/, -,4 P. !") (-.-,) 1illiken (. 1eyer, )-- 6.7. ,/#, 4- 7.Ct. ))., */ 8.9$. !$ !#* (-.,") A (oi$ %u$g&ent which inclu$es %u$g&ent entere$ by a court which lacks %uris$iction o(er the arties or the sub%ect &atter, or lacks inherent ower to enter the articular %u$g&ent, or an or$er rocure$ by frau$, can be

attacke$ at any ti&e, in any court, either $irectly or collaterally, ro(i$e$ that the arty is ro erly before the court. 7ee 8ong (. 7horebank De(elo &ent Cor ., -*! @.)$ /,* (C.A. # :ll. -...) A (oi$ %u$g&ent is one which, fro& its ince tion, was a co& lete nullity an$ without legal effect. 7ee 8ubben (. 7electi(e 7er(ice 7yste& 8ocal B$. >o. !#, ,/) @.!$ 4,/, -, A.8.R. @e$. !.* (C.A. - 1ass. -.#!) A (oi$ %u$g&ent is one which fro& the beginning was co& lete nullity an$ without any legal effect. 7ee Bobbs (. 6.7. 3ffice of Personnel 1anage&ent, ,*/ @.7u . ,/4 (1.D. @la. -.*"). Voi$ %u$g&ent is one that, fro& its ince tion, is co& lete nullity an$ without legal effect. Bolstein (. City of Chicago, *") @.7u . !"/, reconsi$eration $enie$ -,. @.R.D. -,#, affir&e$ !. @.)$ --,/ (>.D. :ll. -..!). Voi$ %u$g&ent is one where court lacke$ ersonal or sub%ect &atter %uris$iction or entry of or$er (iolate$ $ue rocess, 6.7.C.A. Const. A&en$. /<0ria$ 9nergy Cor . (. 1c>ell, --" @.R.D. )*! (7.D.>.E. -.*4). Ju$g&ent is a (oi$ %u$g&ent if court that ren$ere$ %u$g&ent lacke$ %uris$iction of the sub%ect &atter, or of the arties, or acte$ in a &anner inconsistent with $ue rocess, @e$ Rules Ci(. Proc., Rule 4"(b)(,), !* 6.7.C.A.5 6.7.C.A. Const A&en$. /. ?lugh (. 6.7., 4!" @.7u . *.! (D.7.C. -.*/). A (oi$ %u$g&ent is one which, fro& its ince tion, was a co& lete nullity an$ without legal effect, Rubin (. Johns, -". @.R.D. -#, (D. Virgin :slan$s -.*/). A (oi$ %u$g&ent is one which, fro& its ince tion, is an$ fore(er continues to be absolutely null, without legal efficacy, ineffectual to bin$ the arties or to su ort a right, of no legal force an$ effect whate(er, an$ inca able of enforce&ent in any &anner or to any $egree. 8oy$ (. Director, De t. of Public 7afety, ,*" 7o.!$ /## (Ala.Ci(.A . -.*/). A %u$g&ent shown by e(i$ence to be in(ali$ for want of %uris$iction is a (oi$ %u$g&ent or at all e(ents has all attributes of a (oi$ %u$g&ent, City of 8os Angeles (. 1organ, !), P.!$ )-. (Cal.A . ! Dist. -./-). Voi$ %u$g&ent which is sub%ect to collateral attack, is si&ulate$ %u$g&ent $e(oi$ of any otency because of %uris$ictional $efects, 'ar$. (. 0erriere, )*4 P.!$ )/! (Colo. -.4)). A (oi$ %u$g&ent is a si&ulate$ %u$g&ent $e(oi$ of any otency because of %uris$ictional $efects only, in the court ren$ering it an$ $efect of %uris$iction &ay relate to a arty or arties, the sub%ect &atter, the cause of action, the Iuestion to be $eter&ine$, or relief to be grante$, Da(i$son Che(rolet, :nc. (. City an$ County of Den(er, ))" P.!$ ---4, certiorari $enie$ #. 7.Ct. 4"., )/. 6.7. .!4, ) 8.9$. !$ 4!. (Colo. -./*). Voi$ %u$g&ent is one entere$ by court without %uris$iction of arties or sub%ect &atter or that lacks inherent ower to &ake or enter articular or$er in(ol(e$ an$ such a %u$g&ent &ay be attacke$ at any ti&e, either $irectly or collaterally, Peo le (. 'a$e, /"4 >.'.!$ ./, (:ll. -.*#). Voi$ %u$g&ent &ay be $efine$ as one in which ren$ering court lacke$ sub%ect &atter %uris$iction, lacke$ ersonal %uris$iction, or acte$ in &anner inconsistent with $ue rocess of law 9ckel (. 1ac>eal, 4!* >.9.!$ #,- (:ll. A .Dist. -..)). Voi$ %u$g&ent is one entere$ by court without %uris$iction of arties or sub%ect &atter or that lacks inherent ower to &ake or enter articular or$er in(ol(e$5 such %u$g&ent &ay be attacke$ at any ti&e, either $irectly or collaterally Peo le (. 7ales, //- >.9.!$ -)/. (:ll.A . ! Dist. -.."). Res %u$icata conseIuences will not be a lie$ to a (oi$ %u$g&ent which is one which, fro& its ince tion, is a co& lete nullity an$ without legal effect, Allcock (. Allcock, ,)# >.9.!$ ).! (:ll.A .) Dist. -.*!).

Voi$ %u$g&ent is one which, fro& its ince tion is co& lete nullity an$ without legal effect :n re 1arriage of Parks, 4)" >.9.!$ /". (:ll.A . / Dist. -..,). Voi$ %u$g&ent is one entere$ by court that lacks the inherent ower to &ake or enter the articular or$er in(ol(e$, an$ it &ay be attacke$ at any ti&e, either $irectly or collaterally5 such a %u$g&ent woul$ be a nullity. Peo le (. Rollan$, /*- >.9.!$ ."# (:ll.AP . , Dist. -..-). Voi$ %u$g&ent un$er fe$eral law is one in which ren$ering court lacke$ sub%ect &atter %uris$iction o(er $is ute or %uris$iction o(er arties or acte$ in &anner inconsistent with $ue rocess of law or otherwise acte$ unconstitutionally in entering %u$g&ent, 6.7.C.A. Const. A&en$. /, Bays (. 8ouisiana Dock Co., ,/! >.9.!$ -)*) (:ll A . / Dist. -.*)). A (oi$ %u$g&ent has no effect whatsoe(er an$ is inca able of confir&ation or ratification, 8ucas (. 9state of 7ta(os, 4". >.9.!$ ---,, rehearing $enie$, an$ transfer $enie$ (:n$. A Voi$ %u$g&ent is one that fro& its ince tion is a co& lete nullity an$ without legal effect 7ti$ha& (. 'helchel, 4.* >.9.!$ --/! (:n$. -..*). Relief fro& (oi$ %u$g&ent is a(ailable when trial court lacke$ either ersonal or sub%ect &atter %uris$iction, Dusenberry (. Dusenberry, 4!/ >.9.!$ ,/* (:n$.A . - Dist. -..)). Voi$ %u$g&ent is one ren$ere$ by court which lacke$ ersonal or sub%ect &atter %uris$iction or acte$ in &anner inconsistent with $ue rocess, 6.7.C.A. Const. A&en$s. /, -,, 1atter of 1arriage of Ba& shire, *.4 P.!$ /* (?an.-..#) Ju$g&ent is (oi$ if court that ren$ere$ it lacke$ ersonal or sub%ect &atter %uris$iction5 (oi$ %u$g&ent is nullity an$ &ay be (acate$ at any ti&e, 1atter of 1arriage of 'elli(er, *4. P.!$ 4/) (?an. -..,). A (oi$ %u$g&ent is one ren$ere$ by a a court which lacke$ ersonal or sub%ect &atter %uris$iction or acte$ in a &anner inconsistent with $ue rocess, :n re. 9state of 'ells, .*) P.!$ !#., (?an.A . -...). Voi$ %u$g&ent is one ren$ere$ in absence of %uris$iction o(er sub%ect &atter or arties, )-" >.'.!$ /"!, (1inn. -.*-). A (oi$ %u$g&ent is one ren$ere$ in absence of %uris$iction o(er sub%ect &atter or arties, 8ange (. Johnson, !", >.'.!$ !"/ (1inn. -.#)). A (oi$ %u$g&ent is one which has &erely se&blance, without so&e essential ele&ent, as when court ur orting to ren$er it has no %uris$iction, 1ills (. Richar$son, *-7.9.!$ ,". (>.C. -./,). A (oi$ %u$g&ent is one which has a &ere se&blance, but is lacking in so&e of the essential ele&ents which woul$ authori+e the court to rocee$ to %u$g&ent, Ben$erson (. Ben$erson, /. 7.9.!$ !!#, (>.C. -./"). Voi$ %u$g&ent is one entere$ by court without %uris$iction to enter such %u$g&ent, 7tate (. Blankenshi , 4#/ >.9.!$ -)"), (3hio A . . Dist. -..4). Voi$ %u$g&ent, such as &ay be (acate$ at any ti&e is one whose in(ali$ity a Craff (. ?elly, *-, P.!$ ,*. (3kl. -..-). A (oi$ %u$g&ent is one that is (oi$ on face of %u$g&ent roll, Ca ital @e$eral 7a(ings Bank (. Bewley, #./ P.!$ -"/- (3kl. -.."). 'here con$ition of bail bon$ was that $efen$ant woul$ a ear at resent ter& of court, %u$g&ent forfeiting bon$ for $efen$ant;s bail to a ear at subseIuent ter& was a (oi$ %u$g&ent within rule that laches $oes not run against a (oi$ %u$g&ent, Co&. V. 1iller, -/" A.!$ /*/ (Pa.7u er. -./.). ears on face of %u$g&ent roll, . - Dist. -..)).

A (oi$ %u$g&ent is one in which the %u$g&ent is facially in(ali$ because the court lacke$ %uris$iction or authority to ren$er the %u$g&ent, 7tate (. Richie, !" 7.'.)$ 4!, (0enn. !"""). Voi$ %u$g&ent is one which shows u on face of recor$ want of %uris$iction in court assu&ing to ren$er %u$g&ent, an$ want of %uris$iction &ay be either of ersons, sub%ect &atter generally, articular Iuestion to be $eci$e$ or relief assu&e$ to be gi(en, 7tate eD re. Dawson (. Bo&ar, )/, 7.'.!$ #4), certiorari $enie$, (0enn. -.4!). A (oi$ %u$g&ent is one which shows u on face of recor$ a want of %uris$iction in court assu&ing to ren$er %u$g&ent, 6n$erwoo$ (. Brown, !,, 7.'.!$ -4* (0enn. -./-). Voi$ %u$g&ent is one which has no legal force or effect whate(er, it is an absolute nullity, its in(ali$ity &ay be asserte$ by any erson whose rights are affecte$ at any ti&e an$ at any lace an$ it nee$ not be attacke$ $irectly but &ay be attacke$ collaterally whene(er an$ where(er it is inter ose$, City of 8ufkin (. 1cVicker, /-" 7.J.!$ -,- (0wD.Ci(.A .<Beau&one -.#)). A (oi$ %u$g&ent, insofar as it ur orts to be ronounce&ent of court, is an absolute nullity, 0ho& son (. 0ho& son, !)* 7.'.!$ !-* (0eD.Ci(.A .<'aco -./-). A (oi$ %u$g&ent is one that has bee rocure$ by eDtrinsic or collateral frau$, or entere$ by court that $i$ not ha(e %uris$iction o(er sub%ect &atter or the arties, Rook (. Rook, )/) 7.9. !$ #/4 (Va. -.*#). A (oi$ %u$g&ent is a %u$g&ent, $ecree, or or$er entere$ by a court which lacks %uris$iction of the arties or of the sub%ect &atter, or which lacks the inherent ower to &ake or enter the articular or$er in(ol(e$, 7tate eD re. 0urner (. Briggs, .#- P.!$ /*- ('ash.A .Di(. -...). A (oi$ %u$g&ent or or$er is one that is entere$ by a court lacking %uris$iction o(er the arties or the sub%ect &atter, or lacking the inherent ower to enter the articular or$er or %u$g&ent, or where the or$er was rocure$ by frau$, :n re A$o tion of 9.8., #)) >.9.!$ *,4, (:ll. AP . - Dist. !"""). Voi$ %u$g&ents are those ren$ere$ by court which lacke$ %uris$iction, either of sub%ect &atter or arties, Cockerha&. (. Aikratch, 4-. P.!$ #). (Ari+. -.*"). Voi$ %u$g&ents generally fall into two classifications, that is, %u$g&ents where there is want of %uris$iction of erson or sub%ect &atter, an$ %u$g&ents rocure$ through frau$, an$ such %u$g&ents &ay be attacke$ $irectly or collaterially, :r(ing (. Ro$riIue+, -4. >.9.!$ -,/, (:ll. a . ! Dis. -.4"). :n(ali$ity nee$s to a ear on face of %u$g&ent alone that %u$g&ent or or$er &ay be sai$ to be intrinsically (oi$ or (oi$ on its face, if lack of %uris$iction a ears fro& the recor$, Cockett 3il Co. (. 9ffie, )#, 7.'.!$ -/, (1o.A . -.4,). Decision is (oi$ on the face of the %u$g&ent roll when for& four corners of that roll, it &ay be $eter&ine$ that at least on of three ele&ents of %uris$iction was absent= (-) %uris$iction o(er arties, (!) %uris$iction o(er sub%ect &atter, or ()) %uris$ictional ower to ronounce articular %u$g&ent hat was ren$ere$, B 2 C :n(est&ents, :>c. (. @ 2 1 >at. Bank 2 0rust, .") P.!$ )). (3kla.A .Di( ), -../). Voi$ or$er &ay be attacke$, either $irectly or collaterally, at any ti&e, :n Re 9state of 7teinfiel$, 4)" >.9.!$ *"-, certiorari $enie$, 7ee also 7teinfel$ (. Bo$$ick, /-) 6.7. *". (:ll. -..,). Voi$ or$er which is one entere$ by court which lacks %uris$iction o(er arties or sub%ect &atter, or lacks inherent ower to enter %u$g&ent, or or$er rocure$ by frau$, can be attacke$ at any ti&e, in any court, either $irectly or collaterally, ro(i$e$ that arty is ro erly before court, Peo le eD. re. Br+ica (. Village of 8ake Barrington, 4,, >.9.!$ 44 (:ll.A .! Dist. -..,). 'hile (oi$able or$ers are rea$ily a ealable an$ &ust be attacke$ $irectly, (oi$ or$er &ay be circu&(ente$ by collateral attack or re&e$ie$ by &an$a&us, 7ache+ (. Bester, .-- 7.'.!$ -#), (0eD.A . <Cor us Christi

-../). Ari+ona courts gi(e great weight to fe$eral courts; inter retations of @e$eral Rule of Ci(il Proce$ure go(erning &otion for releif fro& %u$g&ent in inter reting i$entical teDt of Ari+ona Rule of Ci(il Proce$ure, 9state of Page (. 8it+enburg, */! P.!$ -!*, re(iew $enie$ (Ari+.A .Di(. -, -..*). 'hen rule ro(i$ing for relief fro& (oi$ %u$g&ents is a licable, relief is not $iscretionary &atter, but is &an$atory, 3rner. V. 7halala, )" @.)$ -)"# (Colo. -..,). Ju$g&ents entere$ where court lacke$ either sub%ect &atter or ersonal %uris$iction, or that were otherwise entere$ in (iolation of $ue rocess of law, &ust be set asi$e, Jaffe an$ Asher (. Van Brunt, 7.D.>.E.-..,, -/* @.R.D. !#*. A H(oi$H %u$g&ent, as we all know, groun$s no rights, for&s no $efense to actions taken thereun$er, an$ is (ulnerable to any &anner of collateral attack (thus here, by). >o statute of li&itations or re ose runs on its hol$ings, the &atters thought to be settle$ thereby are not res %u$icata, an$ years later, when the &e&ories &ay ha(e grown $i& an$ rights long been regar$e$ as (este$, any $isgruntle$ litigant &ay reo en ol$ woun$ an$ once &ore robe its $e ths. An$ it is then as though trial an$ a$%u$ication ha$ ne(er been. @ritts (. ?rugh, 7u re&e Court of 1ichigan, .! >.'.!$ 4",, )/, 1ich. .# (-"F-)F/*). 3n certiorari this Court &ay not re(iew Iuestions of fact. Brown (. Blanchar$, ). 1ich. #.". :t is not at liberty to $eter&ine $is ute$ facts (By$e (. >elson, -- 1ich )/)), nor to re(iew the weight of the e(i$ence. 8inn (. Roberts, / 1ich ,,)5 8unch (. Peo le, -4 1ich ,#!. Certiorari is an a ro riate re&e$y to get ri$ of a (oi$ %u$g&ent, one which there is no e(i$ence to sustain. 8ake 7hore 2 1ichigan 7outhern Railway Co. (. Bunt, ). 1ich ,4..