ABSTRACT

The 21st century has brought challenges to improve quality of Transport at a much faster rate and Along with the improvements in infrastructure we also need to consider the consequences. The innovations and explorations are not worthy without proper implementation. It is my common observation that several significant institutions especially schools have missed the stint of safety in the agenda. Safety of children and neighbourhood schooling is what is encouraged in estern countries and we are far off to the basic safety and neighbourhood schooling. The document titled Transport Strategies for Educational Trips in Urban Areas- Case Study Delhi is prepared !eeping in mind the basic requirements to be fulfilled for a safety movement of children to school. In this thesis I developed few guidelines for safety of school going children who are at wal!able distance. I also present examples of two schools and show what ought to be considered. The accomplished recommendations are given based on case studies.

AC !"#$ED%E&E!T

This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study. First and foremost, my utmost gratitude to Dr. P.K.Sar ar whose encouragement, guidance , dedicative support and constructive suggestions ! will never forget. ! am than ful to Prof. Sewaram, "ead of the Department of Transport Planning forvaluable support. ! have received help, support and suggestions from various departments and institutes. ! also record my sincere than s to all our staff of the Department of Transport Planning, for their wholehearted co#operation. $astly, its Family and Friends who has been my inspiration and whose support, patience, and love helped me in completion this research wor .

C"!TE!TS

'!TR"DUCT'"!
!eed for study( "2# of the total population comprises of student population. $ducation trips are second most important category of trips in most cities which constitutes about %&'"&# of the total trips. ith the age( the travel characteristics )trip length( travel time( mode of travel etc* of students change. ith the increase in the city si+e distance for perusing professional courses increases and hence unprecedented issues of mobility arise. Therefore need to balance the changing modal share is at concern. The access to transport system' personal or public( the socio' economic bac!ground of the student are some of the important considerations( which affect the mobility of students( etc. are some of the important considerations( which affect the mobility of student. ,nless problems are remedied( poor mobility can become a ma-or dampener to student productivity and hence mobility is at high concern in transport policy.

AIM: The present study is aimed at providing transport strategies for education trips in urban areas. OBJECTIVES: To understand the relation between physical and functional growth in relation to population growth and its repercussions on education To review the factors affecting the .obility of students To identify and evaluate the travel characteristics of students' Travel time( .ode of travel( Trip length To examine the travel patterns of educational trips.

METHODOLOGY:

LITERATURE STUDY: BACKGROUND: A trip is one'way person movement by a mechanised mode of transport( having two trip ends( an origin and the destination. .obility is defined as the ability to move about which depends upon the performance of the transport system besides the individual socio'economic characteristics. .obility involves two components 1. The performance of transport system 2. /haracteristics of the individual and economic status .obility pattern reflects structural changes in modern societies0 Increased interaction patterns Increased leisure time Simultaneous occurrence of geographical concentration and de' concentration Increased participation of women in labor force. Accessibility is concerned with opportunity that an individual or type of a person at given location possess to ta!e part on a particular activity or set of activities. Accessibility is concerned not with behaviour but with the opportunity provided by the transport and landuse system for different types of people to engage in activities. It can be measured by the availability of different modes( the number of trips made by all modes and the resources an individual can spend on travel. Definition of &obility( /lar! )112"*0 3efined as standards of personal mobility as the average number of annual !ilometres of personal travel per head of population and for all purposes. The orld 4an!)1125*0 .obility ob-ectives are classified under the quantity of mobility)daily trip rates* /entral 6oad 6esearch Institute )1177*0 .obility is the ability of the individual to move about. It depends upon the performance of the transport system( characteristics of individual and economic status.

Review of Studie o! "o#i$it% w&'&t Edu()tio!:

Route "pti)isation for School Transportation* Case Study (Delhi +Rash)i ,rasad*-../0 The review of travel characteristics of the available cities suggest that education trips are the second most important category of trips in metropolitan city. 8nly 2# of the aided schools and 7"# of public schools have their own scholl bus transportation. There is no rationality in deciding routes( fare structure( where exists such a system. 3emand often outstrips supply and school authorities are in a position to dictate terms. In such a system issues of safety( rationality in pricing( length of routes( efficiency of system are neglected. 9o scientific method is adopted for school bus routing

School buses face the problems of overcrowding( long routes( high -ourney times )1& minutes* and late arrival. Safety and comfort are compromised for higher revenue and minimi+ing operating cost.

&odelling for Educational Trips in &etro* Case study( !agpur +Chari D1C* -..20 The age group distribution indicates that school: collage going population i.e age group of );'2%* years is of "2# of the total population. The study of travel characteristics of the cities shows that the predominant modes in education trips are wal!( cycle and bus. Study revealed that education trips are increasing with the increase in the family si+e. The trip length frequency distribution for education trips for various cities show similar characteristics. The average trip length is %.;!ms. $ducation trips in the case study area are 21#next to wor! trips of "1#. Inter +onal trips are ;7# 12# of the trips are within the distance of %!m. 1%# of the bus trips are within the distance of 2.;!m. 2;# of the educational trips are made by the age group of less than 1& years. 12# of the trips are made by the age group of 15'22years are within the distance range of 5!m. 8n the basis of management schools are classifies into <overnment =ocal body >rivate >rivate unaided Edu()tio!)$ *)(i$itie i! M+D, In 3elhi there are about ;""2 schools. The 3irectorate of $ducation is trying to provide free education to children in 3elhi. Two ma-or goals are0 1. ?ree and compulsory education and 2. $radication of illiteracy The 3irectorate of education provides free educational facilities at these stages0 >re'>rimary >rimary .iddle:,pper >rimary @igher:Secondary Senior Secondary S&N O 1 2 CATEGORY >rimary School .iddle school DE*INITION A premise having educational and playing facilities for students upto A standard A premise having educational and playing facilities for students upto AIII standard

% "

Sr. Secondary School School for .entally: >hysically challenged

A premise having educational and playing facilities for students upto BII standard A premise having educational and playing facilities for students for .entally: >hysically challenged
The Directorate of Primary education

St)-e

Di'e(to')te of edu()tio! we# ite ./0001/0023 5;1 %1% 11"&

Se$e(ted edu()tio!)$ t)ti ti( ./0001/0023 2%2; 555 "&; 11"1

+$)!!i!De4)'t"e!t De$5i Govt ./0001/0023 5;2 %1% 11"1 2"15 2;; 1;25

>rimary .iddle Senior Sr. Senior

E(o!o"i( Su've% of De$5i ./0001 /0023 2"15 21; 1;25

%ovt of &'(T of Delhi, )**+#*)

A 4e' /002 M) te' +$)! >rimary Schools .iddle Sr Secondary Schools >rimary education enhances earnings by 2&# $ach year schooling raises menCs productivity by 7 productivity by 1&#
S NO 1 2 CATEGORY STUDEN TS6UNIT 2; 5&& AREA. 5)3 &.1'&.% &.;'1 +O+ULATION6 UNIT ;&&& 1&&&&&

and womenCs

>rimary School Sr. Secondary School School for .entally: >hysically challenged

AREA. 5)3 &.2 &.5

+O+ULATION6 UNIT 1&&&& 1&&&&

AREA. 5)3 &.2'&." &.5'&.7

''

''

1&&&&&

&.2

1&&&&&&

&.2

Public (eport on ,asic -ducation, +...

C) e Stud%: DELHI 4A/D<68,930 >@ESI/A= /@A6A/T$6ISTI/S0 T6A??I/ A93 T6A9S>86TATI89

AGGREGATE ANALYSIS of +'iv)te S(5oo$ : 2&& samples were collected from 2 different schools. /riteria for selecting 2 schools is' one of the '''''

>rimary Survey data has been analy+ed and results are shown as follows component wise.
T'i4 C5)')(te'i ti( : T'i4 Mode:

S(5oo $ U+S N)v%

De4e!d e!t 1; ;

7)$ 8 1& 2

Bi(%($ e ; 1

Hi'ed f) t 1& 2

Hi'ed S$ow " 1

S&Bu 2& 2%

+T %5 %

Tot )$ 1&& 1&&

>ublic Transport is ta!ing maximum amount of trips which constitute about %5# of the total number of trips followed by School bus in ,niversal >ublic School. 4us trips are ta!ing maximum amount of trips which constitute about 2%# of the total number as the 9avy will run the bus for children coming from 9avy quarters followed by hired slow in 9avy /hildren School.
T'i4 Di t)!(e:

S(5oo$ U+S N)v%

928" ;& ;

21:8" 2& 1

Di t)!(e :1;8" 2& 7&

<;8" 1& 5

Tot)$ 1&& 1&&

.aximum student are radius of 1!m in ,>S. .aximum students are radius of %'7!ms as quarters are located at of 7!ms from school.

within the within the the 9avy a distance

T'i4 Co t:

S(5oo$ U+S N)v%>

9/=0 R 2% 1"

Co t6Mo!t5 /=01=00 R <=00 R %1 %7 22 5"

Tot)$ 1&& 1&&

F$xcluding 9avy bus service

%1# of the students spend around 2;&' ;&& rupees and a minimum of 2%# spend about 2;& rupees per month on transport to reach school ,>S. 5;# of the students spend more than ;&& rupees and a minimum spend 2;& rupees per month on transport to reach school in 9/S.

This indicates that 2;& is nominal charge for any mode of transport in 3elhi.

T'i4 Ti"e:

S(5oo$ U+S N)v%

92="i! "1 1"

Ti"e 2=1:0"i! :01?="i! 21 21 11 21

<?="i! 1 "

Tot)$ 1&& 1&&

"1# of the children spend less than 1; minutes to reach school in ,>S. 22# of the children spend about %&' "; minutes to reach school in 9/S.

T'i4 (5)')(te'i ti( of UNIVERSAL +UBLIC SCHOOL: T'i4 di t)!(e )!d "ode: Di t)!(e . 8" 3 Mode 92 21: :1; <; al! %2 1 & & 4icycle 12 7 & & School ; 21 "1 ;; 4us >T & & 25 17 3epende 2" 1% 1% 2 nt @ired 12 %; 2& 2; fast @ired 1; 5 & & Slow 20 Tot)$ 0 200 200 200 *i-: ?or a distance of less than 1!m children are wal!ing and above which school bus or hired fast are used. A-e wi e Mode .@3: Hi'e Hi'e S(5o De4e!d d d o$ A-e e!t 7)$8 Bi(%($e f) t S$ow Bu +T =120 %' 12 2" 12 1" & %7 & 201 2 25 7 %5 5 2=%' 1 7 <2= % 2% & 22 %1 %' 5 2 *i-: In ;'1& years aged group maximum children are coming to school by bus or by wal!.

1& to above 1; years children are using >ublic transport. 8verall of %5# of the children are using >ublic transport.

A-e wi e Di t)!(e .K" 3: A-e 92 21: :1; <; =120 %' %; %2 21 12 201 2=%' 21 21 %2 17 <2= %' 17 %2 %" 15 Ove' A$$ ?A /2 /2 A *i-: .aximum students between age group of ;'1& years come from a distance of 1 &r 1'% !ms radius. .aximum students between age group of 1&'1;years come from a distance of %' 7 !ms or above 7!ms. A-e wi e T')ve$ Co t .i! Ru4ee 3 /=01 A-e 9/=0 <=00 =00 =120 %' %% 21 %7 2012=%' "1 %2 22 <2= %' 2& 2; ;; *i-: %7# of the students between ;'1& years spend more than ;&& rupees on transportation to school. ;;# of students above 1;years spend more than ;&& rupees on transportation to school. A-e wi e T')veTi"e .i! "i!ute 3: :01 A-e 92= 2=1:0 <?= ?= =120 %' 51 2; 5 & 201 2=%' %" "% 11 " <2= %' 27 "5 17 7 *i-: 51# of the students spend about 1; minutes to reach school 8verall of "1# students spend less than1;minutes to reach school. Mode wi e T')ve$ Co t:

9/= /=01 <=0 0 =00 0 School 4us %" "1 "7 >T 21 21 11 @ired fast 21 %1 22 @ired Slow 15 2 5 *i-: "7# of the students spend more than ;&& rupees per month on transport to school on school bus. %1# of the children spend about 2;& to ;&& rupees on hired fast. Mode .@3

Mode wi e Di t)!(e .8" 3: Mode .@3 92 21: :1; <; %2 1 & & al! 4icycle 12 7 & & ; 21 "1 ;; School 4us >T & & 25 17 1% 1% 2 3ependent 2" 12 %; 2& 2; @ired fast 5 & & @ired Slow 1; *i-: "1#( ;;# of the students come from s distance of %'7 and G 7 !ms respectively. 2"#( %2# of the students are dependents and wal! to school respectively who are at less than 1!m distance. NAVY CHILDREN SCHOOL: T'i4 Di t)!(e )!d Mode .8" 3: Mode 928 21: :1; <; .@3 al! 1" 1 & & 4icycle 2 & & & School & & 52 & 4us >T & & & 1% 3epende "" %& 1% %2 nt @ired fast 2% "" 2& ;& @ired 12 12 & & Slow *i-: ?or a distance of less than 1!m children are wal!ing and %'7!m distance is covered by school bus or hired fast. A-e wi e Mode:

A-e =120 2012= <2= Ove')$$

De4e!de!t & & & ;

7)$8 & ; & 2

Bi(%($e & % & 1

Hi'ed f) t 2 ; " 1

Hi'ed S$ow & 2 2 2

S&Bu 7; 72 7% 2%

+T & & 7 %

*i-: In all the age groups 2&# of the students are from 9avy quarters( so students coming from 9avy quarters are pic!ed and dropped in 9avy bus. 1&'1; years students are using a maximum of @ired fast

A-e wi e Di t)!(e .K" 3: 928 A-e 21: :1; <; " =120 %' 1 2 21 ; 201 2=%' 7 1 71 2 <2= %' 11 ; 27 5 Ove' A$$ 1" 11 21 " *i-: .aximum students come from a distance of %'7!ms as the 9avy quarters at the distance of 7!ms. Apart ?rom 9avy students 1&'1;years students are also coming from a %'7!ms distance or above. A-e wi e T')ve$ Co t .i! Ru4ee 3 /=01 A-e 9/=0 <=00 =00 =120 %' 2" 21 ;; 201 2=%' 25 2% ;1 <2= %' 12 27 ;; Ove' A$$ 1" 22 5" *i-: 8verall of 5"# of the children spend more than ;&& rupees per month on transport to school. A-e wi e T')ve$ Ti"e .i! Mi!ute 3 2=1 :01 A-e 92= <?= :0 ?= =120 %' "% 2% %2 2 201 2=%' %2 21 %1 7 <2= %' 22 22 "2 " Ove' A$$ 1" 11 21 " *i-: "%# of the students between age groups of 1&'1;years spend about %&'"; minutes to reach school. 8n overall 21# of the students spend %&'"; minutes to reach school. Mode wi e T')ve$ Co t.i! Ru4ee 3 /=01 Mode 9/=0 <=00 =00 +T 12 1; 11 Hi'ed f) t 22 2" 21 Hi'ed S$ow 11 11 1& *i-: 21# of the students spend more than ;&& on
>EB($udi!- N)v% Stude!t >EB($udi!- N)v% Stude!t

@ired fast. 11# of the students spend about ;&& rupees on >T.

Mode wi e Di t)!(e .8" 3: Mode 92 21: :1; <; 1" 1 & & al! 4icycle 2 & & & School & & 52 & 4us & & & 1% >T 3epende "" %& 1% %2 nt @ired 2% "" 2& ;& fast @ired 12 12 & & Slow *i-: "5# of the students come to school by school bus. "" # of the students are dependent on parents who come from less than 1 !m. AGGREGATE ANALYSIS of Gove'!"e!t Aided S(5oo$ : S)'vod)%) K)!%) Vid%)$)%) .SKV36 C5)!d') e85)' AC)d Bo% Hi-5 S(5oo$ .CSA3 About 1&& samples are collected from each school to conclude the Travel >attern. S(5o o$ SKV CSA De4e!d e!t 1% 7 7)$8 71 7; Bi(%($ e 5 2 Tot )$ 1&& 1&&

*i-: .aximum of 7;# come to school by wal!. S(5o o$ SKV CSA 928" 25 2" 21/8" 11 2& </8 " ; 5 Tot )$ 1&& 1&&

*i-: 2;# of the students come from a distance of less than 1 !m.

S(5o 92= 2=1:0 <:0 Tot o$ "i! "i! "i! )$ SKV 72 15 2 1&& CSA 71 12 2 1&& *i-: above 7&# of the students ta!e less than 1;minutes to reach school A<6$<AT$ Di t)!( e &'2 2'" "'5 5'7 G7 Analysis of 3$=@I based on survey0 M)$ *e" e )$e %2 %2 %1 %2 25 2; 2 " " 2

Mode al! /ycle School 4us >T 3epende nt @ired ?ast @ired Slow Tot)$

M)$ e %2 2 2; ; 12 1; " 200

*e" )$e %2 & 27 2 1% 11 1 200

Ti"e." i!3 &'1; 1;'%& %&'"; G";

M)$ e %7 %2 2; ;

*e" )$e %5 %" 27 2

Tot)$

200

200

Co t6Mo !t5 9ill G2;& 2;&';&& ;&&'7&& G7&& Tot)$

M)$ e 21 21 %1 2 12 200

*e" )$e %1 2" 2% 1 1% 200

Mode al! /ycle 4us .etro

0-2 39 8 12 3

Di t)!(e 2'" "'7 0 0 6 0 35 33 3 17

>8 0 0 30 10

3ependent @ired fast @ired Slow Tot)$

7 9 22 200

9 26 21 200

11 39 0 200

15 45 0 200

Mode al! /ycle 4us .etro 3ependent @ired fast @ired Slow Tot)$

@ 1; ; 25 5 1 2" 15 200

Ti"e T)8e! H1; mins 1;'%& %&'"; G";mins Tot)$

@ 1; %7 25 21 200

EB4e!ditu' e 9il H2;& 2;&';&& ;&&'2;& above 2;& Tot)$

@ 1; 1 "2 22 12 200

Di t)!(e &'2 2'" "'7 G7 Tot)$

@ %7 %; 17 1 200

A-e G; ;' 1& yrs 1&'1;yrs above 1;

# 1& 21 %5.; %2.;

9o 2& "2 2% 5;

yrs

Age 3epende nt 7& 2 1 2 al ! 1& 1" %2 1"

G; ;' 1& yrs 1&'1;yrs above 1; yrs

.ode 4icycl @ired e fast & 1& & %7 21 15 1% 5&

@ired Slow & "& 15 11