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The maximum size of fillet weld that can be made in single pass in 6 mm A rolled steel flat designated as 50 ISF 8 means the flat is 50 mm wide and 8 mm thick. The column splice is used for increasing length of column The minimum thickness steel member exposed to weather and accessible for painting is 10 mm For determination of allowable stress in axial compression, IS: 800-1962 has adopted secant formula For accurately, cut gears operating at velocities upto 20 m/sec, the velocity factor v, is given by 6/6+v Zero axial thrust is experienced in herinnghbone gears In order to realize the advantage of fluid friction, it is essential to have parallel oil film in bearing A Shaft rotating in anti-clockwise direction at slow speed inside a bearing will be towards left side of bearing and making metal to metal contact 58. Bearing characteristics number relating Z-absolute viscosity of lubricant, N-speed of journal and p-bearing pressure on projected bearing area is ZN/p
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Rope break Dynamometers uses no lubricant. Tesla fluid friction dynameters used for power measurement when the speed is high and the viscous force is small. Hydraulic Dynamometers is widely used for absorption of wide range power at wide range of speed. The secondary disturbing force because of inertia of reciprocating mass is given by W/g 2 r/n cos . In a balancing machine the units for unbalance measurements are gm-cm. In a hartnell governor if the stiffness of spring is increased the governor will become less sensitive. The supply of working fluid to the engine to suit the load conditions can be controlled by governor. The governor used in gramophone is of pickening type. A porter governor could be classified as dead weight type governor. The function of a governor is to adjust variation of speed by varying the input to the engine. If D and T be the pitch circle diameter and no. of teeth of a gear, then its circular pitch p = D/T. If D1 and T1 be the diameter and no. of teeth of gear 1 and D2 and T2 the corresponding value of other gear in mesh, then ratio N1/N2, will be equal to D2/D1. A scott-russel mechanism is made up of sliding and turning pairs. Ackerman steering gear is made up of turning pairs. A sliding crank chain is made up of three turning and one sliding pairs. A motor car takes a bend of certain radius in right hand direction when moving at some speed. If engine rotates in a clockwise direct when viewed from front, then because of centrifugal force reaction on outside wheel is increased and on inside wheels decreased. If be the static deflection of shaft under the gravity load, then natural frequency of the system in case of the longitudinal and transverse vibration is equal to 1/2 g/. Cold working increased the fatigue strength. Coaxing is the procedure of increasing fatigue limit by overstressing the metal by successively increasing loadings. The notch angle of the Izod impact test specimen is 450. In vickers hardness testing, the pyramid indentor apex is 400.
Exhaust gases from a engine possess kinetic energy The extension and compression of a helical spring is an example of reversible process. At critical point the latent enthalpy of vaporization is zero. Change in temperature = zero relation is not applicable in a free expansion process. An ideal engine absorbs heat at a temperature of 1270c and exhausts heat at a temperature of 770c.Its efficiency will be 13%. 32. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the solid does not melt, the liquid does not boil and the gas does not condense.
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The volumetric change of the fluid caused by a resistance is called adhesion. Property of a fluid whereby its own molecules are attracted is known as cohesion. The pressure at a point in a fluid will not be the same in all directions if the fluid is viscous and is in motion. Pitot tube can be used to measure the flow of water in a pipe of diameter 3000mm. An ideal fluid is one that is frictionless and incompressible. Uniform flow takes place when at every point the velocity vector is identical in magnitude and direction for any given instant. The continuity equation for an ideal fluid flow state that energy is constant everywhere in the fluid. Neglecting the forces due to inertia, gravity and frictional resistance, the design of a channel can be made by comparing Froudes number. For smooth turbulent flow the friction factor changes as Nr1/4. In order to avoid vaporization in the pipe line, the pipe line over the ridge is laid in such a way that it is not more than 6.4 m above the hydraulic gradient. The continuity equation is applicable to conservation of mass. The rise or fall of head h in a capillary tube of diameter d and liquid surface tension and specific weight w is given by 4/wd. McLeod gauge used for low pressure measurement operates on the principle of Boyles law. Mass density of liquid ( ) is given by = kg sec2/m4. Running away speed of a Pelton wheel gives no load speed when governor mechanism fails. A Kaplan turbine is low head axial flow turbine. Vector difference of two velocities is relative velocity. A ship whose hull length is 100 m is to travel at 10 m/sec. For dynamic similarity, at 2 m/sec velocity a 1:25 model be towed through water. For stable equilibrium of floating body its metacentre should lie above the center of gravity. Center of pressure on an inclined plane lies below the centroid. The line of action of the buoyant force always acts through the centroid of the displaced volume of the fluid. An equipotential line is one that has no velocity component tangent to it. Hydraulic jump is used to reduce the energy of flow. The lowest portion to storage basin from where the water is not drawn, is dead storage. The pitot tube is a device used for measurement of velocity. Hydrometer is used to fine out specific gravity of liquids. Mach number is signification is case of supersonics, as with projectiles and jet propulsion. The fluid forces taken in to consideration in the Navier Stokes equation are gravity, pressure and viscosity. Rocks having excessive internal stresses, producing spalling, are called stratified rocks. Permissible velocity of water flowing through concrete tunnel, is generally 4-5 m/s. The maximum continuous power available from a hydro-electric plant under the most adverse hydraulic conditions is called firm power. The ratio of maximum load to the rated plant capacity is called utilization factor. Orifice refers to n opening in hydraulic structure with regulation provision. The value of coefficient of discharge in comparison to coefficient of velocity is found to be less. Weir refer to an opening having partially full flow. The pressure force, in Netwons, on the 15 cm dia head light of an automobile traveling at 25 m/s will be 6.8. Power transmitted through a pipe is maximum when the loss of head due to friction is one-third of the total head supplied.
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Gear tooth vernier is used for measuring gear tooth profile. Undercutting is cutting from the base of a work-piece. Laser welding is widely used in electronic industry. Un- like materials or materials of different thickness can be butt welded by control of pressure and current. In are welding operations the current value is decided by the size of the electrode. The phenomenon of weld decay takes place in stainless steel. Arc below takes place in welding stainless steel. Swab is used in foundry for repairing the mould. Gagger is used in foundry for cleaning of castings. Bellows are used in foundry for smoothening and cleaning out depression in the mould. Permeability of a foundry sand is capacity to hold moisture. What for are metal pattern used in large scale production of castings. An important factor to be considered while designing a core print is moulding sand characteristics. Weld spatter refers to welding defect. If t is the thickness of sheet to be spot welded, then electrode tip diameter is equal to t. A sprue is a tool used in mould repairing. Gate is a vent hole to allow for the hot gases to escape. Core prints provided to from seat to support and hold the core. The equipment that is used in pit for supply of air is known as centrifugal blower. Draft allowance on castings is generally 1-2 mm/M. Tumbling is done so as to clean the surface of small parts. The purpose of inoculation is to modify the structure and properties of a cast metal. The draft allowance on metallic pattern as compared to wooden ones is less. Angle iron is not a angle measuring device. The mould for casting ferrous materials in continuous casting process is made of copper. If V is the volume of metal in a casting and A its surface areas, then time of solidification will be proportional to V 2, 1/A2. The purpose of riser is to help feed the casting until all solidification takes place. A silver refers to the temperature of equilibrium between solid silver and liquid silver at normal atmospheric pressure. The gold point refers to 10630C. The silver point refers to 960.500C. Rotameter is used for flow of liquids and gases. The impedance of piezo-electric crystal is high. Hot wire anemometers are generally used for measuring velocity of air steam. Scale sensitivity is defined as ratio of a change in scale reading to the corresponding change in pointer deflection. In carthias process cavity is filled with a pre-calculated quantity of metal and a core or plunger is inserted to force the metal in to cavity. In slush casting process metal is poured in to die cavity, and after a predetermined time the mould is inverted to permit a part of metal still in molten to flow out of cavity. Ornaments are cast by gravity casting. During MIG welding the metal is transferred in the from of fine spray of metal. A collimated light beam is used for producing heat in laser welding. Wipping is the process of connecting loss pipes by soldering alloy. In water jet machining process hydraulic fluid acts as transfer media. The power consumption in ultrasonic machining in kW/cm 3/min is of the order of 10 kW/m3/min. Sweep pattern is used for moulding parts having uniform symmetrical shape. The helix angle on a HSS (High Speed Steel) twist drill for drilling cast iron is of the order of 24-320. The usual value of helix angle of a drill is 300. A twist drill is specified by shank, material and diameter. Broaching operation is generally used in automobile industry as semi-skilled operators can be employed. For proper broaching operation at least three number of teeth should be in the work at a time.
The following topics are important from the exam point of view
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. Carburization (Metallurgy) Shear force in riveted joint (Machine Design) Current requirement in spot welding (Joining method) Sheet metal working (Joining method) Low carbon steel (Metallurgy) Rake angles effect (Theory of metal cutting) Mean friction angle (Theory of metal cutting) Tool geometry, Tool signature (Theory of metal cutting) Single cutting point tool (Theory of metal cutting) ECM electrodes (Modern machining methods) Point to point cutting NC system (CAD/CAM) Boiler rating (Power plant application) Steam and vapor cycle, Rankine cycle (Power plant application) Brake thermal efficiency (Thermodynamics) Diffuser, super and subsonic diffuser geometry (Turbo machinery) Specific speeds of pumps and turbines (Fluid machines) Unit speeds of pumps and turbines (Fluid machines) Thermal efficiency (Thermodynamics, Power plant) Heat transfer from fin, insulated tips (Heat transfer) COP of refrigeration and heat pump (Refrigeration) Deformation (Strength of Materials) Instantaneous centre (Theory of machines) Spherical roller bearing ( Machine Design) Fatigue strength ( Machine Design) Iron carbon diagram (Metallurgy) Casting types and design of castings (Manufacturing) Type of non-conventional processes (Manufacturing) Pitot tubes, Mcloyed gauge, planimeter, LVDT (Measurement systems) Unit speed of turbines(Fluid machines) Bernoulli's equation (Fluid mechanics) DC/AC welding, straight and reverse polarity (Welding Technology - manufacturing) Shaft and hole, tolerance and interference (Machine Design) Milling table speed, turning and drilling speed, feed rate ( manufacturing) Centrifugal casting ( manufacturing) NC machines ( manufacturing) Gas turbine cycles, reheating processes (Power plant engineering) Regeneration and co-generation (Power plant engineering) Properties of Refrigerant (Refrigeration) Radiative heat transfer, Stefan Boltzmann constant. (Heat and mass transfer) Equivalent evaporation of boiler and enthalpy of evaporation (Power plant engineering) Cavitation and vapor pressure (Thermodynamics-Fluid mechanics) Mohrs circle radius (Strength of Materials) Strain energy due to bending (Strength of Materials) No of degree of freedom (Theory of Machines) Soderberg equation (Machine Design)