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Lani Chung Mr.

Nakamura Biology 21 September 2011 Enzyme Lab Conclusion The first part of the experiment involved adding 5 drops, 10 drops, and 20 drops of enzymes to three different test tubes respectively with 5mL of 3.0% H2O2 and 5mL of water each in order to test the effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme activity. Our results which were the rates of each test came out to 0.01821% per minute for 5 drops, 0.01677% per minute for 10 drops, and 0.01222% per minute for 20 drops. We also found the rates of each test in minute time intervals. For 5 drops of enzymes we had 0.001636%/min. for 0-0.5 minutes, 0.008096%/min. for 0.5-1.0 minutes, 0.01292%/min. for 1.0-1.5 minutes, 0.02267%/min. for 1.5-2.0 minutes, and 0.01818%/min. for 2.0-3.0 minutes. For 10 drops of enzymes we had 0.01853%/min. for 0-0.5 minutes, 0.02166%/min. for 0.5-1.0 minutes, 0.02312%/min. for 1.01.5 minutes, 0.02486%/min. for 1.5-2.0 minutes, and 0.01892%/min. for 2.0-3.0 minutes. For 20 drops of enzymes we had 0.1214%/min. for 1-1.5 minutes, 0.07399%/min. for 0.5-1.0 minutes, 0.03824%/min. for 1.0-1.5 minutes, 0.03524%/min. for 1.5-2.0 minutes, and 0.02828%/min. for 2.0-3.0 minutes. For the second part of our experiment we filled 3 test tubes with 3mL of 3.0% H2O2 and 3mL of water each and placed them in a water bath of 400mL beaker filled with ice and water in order to test the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. To each test tube we added 10 drops of enzymes and recorded the average temperature (which was 0.3 C) as well as the rate of activity. We had 0.0074%/min. for the first trial, 0.0122%/min. for the second trial, 0.0081%/min. for the third trial, and 0.00923%/min. as an average of the three trials. The other groups in the class also conducted similar experiments but with different temperature water baths: 3groups had the 0-5 water bath, 3 groups had the 20-25 water bath, and 2 groups had the 40-45

water bath. The results of the class data are as follows: 3 had an average rate of 0.00923%/min, 2 had 0.01047%/min, 2 had 0.00816%/min, 45 had 0.00456%/min, 45 had 0.00808%/min, 42 h ad 0.00839%/min, 26.7 had 0.00882%/min, and 26.4 had 0.01057%/min. For the enzyme concentration portion of the experiment, the rate of enzyme reactions got progressively lower as more drops of enzymes were added. Although normally you would expect the reaction rate to increase with a higher enzyme concentration since if there is more of a substance there is a greater chance that molecules will collide and speed up the rate of the reaction, our results showed the opposite. This could have resulted from a very quick rate of increase and a rapid decline after all the hydrogen peroxide was catalyzed by the high enzyme concentration. The data in the time interval enzyme concentration table can help justify this claim as you can see that for the 20 drop test, the first 30 seconds had the highest rate of enzyme activity while the next intervals up to 3 minutes showed steep declines in activity. However in the 5 drop and 10 drop tests, there was a gradual increase until the last interval where there was a slight decline in reaction rate. This means that although the enzyme concentration had its predicted effect of increasing the chances of enzyme-substrate collision, the reactions just happened so quickly that they happened in the first few intervals and declined all the way to the end of the set time period. Because the data is measured in overall rate for the entire 420 seconds, the results may be misleading as the higher enzyme concentration experiments would peak very early and continuously decline. This relates to the purpose of the experiment because it allowed us to see that enzyme concentration helped had the effect of increasing the reaction rate. For the enzyme temperature portion of the experiment we found that the average rate of enzyme activity was a lot lower than the 10 drop enzyme concentration experiment done in the previous portion of the experiment. This suggests that lower temperatures caused a slower enzyme reaction rate

which would mean that it follows the trend of how lower temperatures cause molecules to become slower and collide less and that temperature drop lowers the rate of the reaction. According to the class data, the 40-45 range basically had the lowest rates of reaction while the 0-5 range and the 20-25 range had similar rates of reaction. The high temperature range having the lowest reaction rates is predictable as enzymes can get denatured when temperatures get too high. The results prove the purpose of the experiments which is to learn that when you raise the temperature of a substance, the molecules move at a faster rate which makes them more likely to collide and also more likely to combine. It also helps prove that when you lower the temperature, molecules are slower, collide less, and lowers the rate of the reaction. During the experiment itself, our group didnt make too many errors and followed the procedure correctly and efficiently. The only errors that I can recall may be leaving the test tubes in the cold water bath for too long. Instead of leaving each test tube in the bath one by one for only a certain amount of time, we just put in all the test tubes at once and took one out each time we finished a test. This could have caused each test tube after the first to be progressively lower in temperature which might have had an effect on the data. Because of this error, it could have caused the data to show a gradual decline in reaction rate but fortunately, the data didnt show results that were drastically different from each other. Another mistake we made was during the data collection process. While we were finding the individual rates for each time interval in the enzyme concentration test, we unknowingly went by a different unit other than seconds which threw us off until we caught our mistake. This made us have to redo our entire data collection process for that portion of the experiment which wasted some of our time. As for problems that we encountered, the major one was not having the flash drive with the data with us on the day class time was given for data collection. This made our whole group have to come in earlier to

collect data. Other than these few mistakes and problems, our entire experiment went pretty well as a whole. If I had to repeat the entire experiment over again, there isnt a lot that I would have done differently. The only big change I would have made would have been to put the test tubes into the cold bath one by one instead of all at once. Changing up this part of the experiment would probably help ensure better data accuracy. Another change could have been to measure enzyme activity through different methods such as the pressure of the produce (oxygen) as it appears and the rate of disappearance of the substrate (the hydrogen peroxide) to help make better comparisons and come up with a better analysis.

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