The EUCALAND Networkk (Michael Roth)

Nrtingen-Geislingen University
School of Landscape Architecture,

Environmental and Urban Planning
Prof. Dr. Michael Roth
Ethnic Landscapes and Ethno-Ecosystems (ETHLAS) Workshop
Miercurea Ciuc, November 27-30, 2013
The EUCALAND Network, Project and Institute
European Culture Expressed in Agricultural Landscapes
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Prof. Dr. Michael Roth | ETHLAS Workshop | Miercurea Ciuc | November 27-30, 2013

2
Outline
The EUCALAND Network:
How it all started
The EUCALAND Project:
A European view on agricultural landscapes as cultural heritage
The EUCALAND Institute:
Planning for future research
Seisser Almand Puflatsch (South Tyrol) Klaus Franz
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How it all started
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The EUCALAND
Network
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Agr i c ul t ur e matters!
Europes agriculture + heritage
interwoven in history
European commonalities
specific national, regional and local
characteristics
Drivers/pressures, e.g.
globalisation, uniformisation of EALs
urbanisation, demographic change
climate change, energy production

conflicts between land-use,
heritage protection and
landscape management
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Landsc ape matters! The European Landscape Convention
Below the Swabian Mountains Michael S. Schwarzer
an essential component of peoples surroundings, an expression of the diversity of
their shared cultural and natural heritage, and a foundation of their identity
an important part of the quality of life for people everywhere
contributing to human well-being and consolidation of the European identity
has an important public interest role in the cultural, ecological, environmental and
social fields
constitutes a resource favourable to economic activity and whose protection,
management and planning can contribute to job creation
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The EUCALAND Network Facts and Figures
30 official members (institutional and personal members)
17 countries represented in the network: AT, BE, CH, CZ, DE, EE,
FI, FR, GR, HU, IT, NL, NO, PT, RO, SK, SL
137 persons have been (in different ways) associated
with the network
Coun-
tries
Mem-
bers
Institu-
tions
Indivi-
duals
Uni-
versi-
ties
Consul-
tants
NGOs/
Asso-
ciations
Admi-
nistra-
tion
Private
17 30 27 3 22 5 2 1 0
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The EUCALAND Network Cooperations
UNESCO (Paris)
CoE (Strasbourg)
ICOMOS (AT, FR, DE, IT, UK)
ECOVAST (DE, AU)
CIVILSCAPE, founding member
UNISCAPE
German Forum Cultural Landscapes, founding member
ELAND (Sweden), founding member
...
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The EUCALAND Network Workshops/Working Meetings
2006: Cologne, DE (host: LVR)
2006: Paris, FR, working meeting
2006: Girona, ES (at 5th Workshop of the CoE of implementing ELC)
2006: Berlin, DE (at PECSRL-Conference)
2007: Cambridge, UK (host: UCAM, funds: Lower Austrian Government)
2009: Dortmund, DE (host: Dortmund University of Technology)
2011: Clermont-Ferrand, FR (host: Vetagro Sup)
2012: Gdll, HU (host: Szent Istvan University)
2013: Utrecht, NL (host: Utrecht University)
2014: Prague, CZ (host: Charles University)
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The EUCALAND Network Special Conference Sessions
2008: bidos, PT:
European Culture Expressed in
Agricultural Landscapes
2010: Riga, LT:
Living in Agricultural Landscapes:
Practice and Heritage
2012: Leeuwarden, NL:
Landscape inventories as means
to understand landscape change
2014: Gothenburg, SE:
Energy Production Systems and
Rural Landscape Qualities
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Perspective/Scale
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Agri-cultural landscapes: Not only a local/regional phenomenon
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Agricultural landscape description
Village forms/types
Farmhouse regions
Settlement + farming history
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(Agri-)Cultural landscape description and assessment
Landscape types (Federal Agency for Nature Conservation 2004)
- 858 landscapes / 24 landscape types
Cultural landscape with viticulture
Cultural landscape dominated by orchards
Open cultural landscape dominated by arable land
Open cultural landscape dominated by grassland
Well structured cultural landscape
Densely structured cultural landscapes
Cultural landscapes with open character
Cultural landscape dominated by arable land
Cultural landscape dominated by grassland
Additional information
Hedge landscapes
River landscapes
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A European perspective to agricultural landscape as heritage
?
Need for EU-wide
- Cultural landscape description(s)
- Cultural landscape classification(s)
- Empirical research (EU-wide focus)
on cultural landscape perception
and valuation
- Cultural landscape management

The EUCALAND project
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The EUCALAND Project
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The EUCALAND project: An overview
2-year project (2007-2009), led by University of Cambridge
Funded by the European commission within the Culture 2007-2013 programme
50 % self-financing
40 partner institutions
27 European countries involved

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Workgroups & Results
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19
WG 1: Landscape description: Definitions, methods, values
Definitions
- Landscape
- Agricultural landscape
- Cultural landscape
Theories
- Landscape perception & assessment
- Cultural values
- Social functions and benefits
Approaches
- Description methods
- Physical level meaning level
- Structure function value
General landscape level
Relation to agricultural activity
Cultural dimension
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WG 1: Cultural Landscape Description Methods
Physical Level
Physical Object

(Structure)

Categories
Meaning Level

Intangible Quality

(Value)

Gradient
People Physical Object
Interaction
(Function)

Examples Categories Examples Categories Examples
Territory
Space
Physical Geography
Mapping
Objectiveness
Expert
Symbol
Place
Sociology/Psychology
Interviews
Subjectiveness
Society

User
Agricultural
Activity
Meadows
Arable
Orchards
Cultivation
Method
Sheep
grazing
Organic
farming
Aesthetic Value Perceived
Beauty
Related
Elements
Plot design
Villages
Roads

Spatial Relations
& Connections
Trans-
humance
Identification Feeling of
Belonging
Topography Mountains
Lowlands
River basins
Coastal areas
Marketing Denomination of
origin
Social
Appreciation
Festivals
Data Sources
Description Level
Analysis Level
Topographic Maps
Land Use Data
Aerial Photographs
Interviews
Questionnaires
Literature
Pictures
Thematic Maps
Literature

Accessibiltiy Rights of way
Symbolic Value Tales
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21
WG 2: Landscape history: major stages in the evolution of EAL
Chronological development of European agricultural landscapes
Synopsis + Synthesis
Parallels and differences
Sub-groups, e.g. collectivisation in 20th-century eastern Europe
Driving forces behind and implications for society
Visible traces in todays (agricultural) landscapes
Demo-
graphic and
economic
fluctuations,
technology
Centre-
periphery
relations
Regional
& local
political
and legal
institutions
Physical
geography
Existing
landscape
structures
Forces of change Forces of stability
CZ
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WG 2: Landscape history: major stages in the evolution of EAL
Example: Production and demographic response to population pressures
impacts on (agricultural) landscape
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23
WG 3: Landscape classification and characterisation
Benchmarks: Existing classifications
Meeus 1995 Lebeau 1969, Clout 1998
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24
I. Preparation
collection and analysis of existing
+/- European classifications
II. Consensus
on scale, level of detail, hierarchy,
processes, functions; anthropogenic
approach; selection of terms
III. First draft
list of attributes, country tables
IV. Analysis
in-depth discussion in working group
and between country coordinators
V. Final Layout
processes and structures
spatial relation and spatial organisation
temporal change
10 classes, 40 types
descriptive and eponymous keywords

VI. Product
historical, archeological, culturally
sensitive, anthropogenic classification
concept (international, interdisciplinary)
Future work to do
enhancements, >countries, definitions,
specification, images, mapping,
dissemination (planners, administration)
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25
Identity
a word,
a name
Pattern
an aspect
Process
a farming
system
Change
a history
Spatial
relationship
a connection
Organisation
a human
system
Topography
a basis,
a background
Tradition,
value
Form,
morphology
Function,
practise,
method
Time, maturity,
change
through time
Space, high
level patterns
Social, people,
settlement
patterns,
building types
Physical
geography
What people
call it
What it looks
like
Why it looks
like that
What has
happened
What it is
connected with
What society it
reflects
Background
scenery
Open field
agriculture;
Champagne
Large, lowland,
intensively used
open land
Strip fields
No boundary
fences/walls
Cultivation
mosaic
Arable/ploughed
land
Rotations
Fallow land
Long term
agriculture
Medieval origin
Grassland,
meadows
Manuring and
soil sweetening
Nucleated
villages
Different forms of
village types
related to
organisation of
agricultural
cultivation
Undulating
lowlands

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26
WG 4: Landscape assessment and policy
Agricultural landscapes as cultural heritage in international policies, directives,
conventions and protective frameworks e.g.
- UNESCO World Heritage Convention, European Landscape Convention
- IUCN, ICOMOS
- EU CAP
- EIA/SEA Directives, EU Sixth Environment Action Programme
Agricultural landscapes as cultural heritage in national policies and law
Operational suggestions for appropriate policies for agricultural landscapes
Rapeseed field Hans-Peter Loehr
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27
WG 4: Landscape assessment and policy
Specific analysis
of single types
of cultural
landscapes
in European
comparison
Compilation of
information and
classification
Compilation of
national and
international
knowledge
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WG 5: Landscape planning: Recommendations
Synoptical approach, survey among participating countries
- Landscape classifications used in landscape planning
- Present planning instruments
- Instruments used for awareness raising
- Current trends, driving forces, pressures affecting agricultural landscapes

Recommendations to future planning,
management and monitoring measures
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WG 5: Landscape planning: Recommendations
Action arenas/spaces
- climate change
- demographic change
- biodiversity
- water management
- energy transition
Integration
- sectoral
- institutional
- administrative
Participation
- awareness raising
- information
- dialogue
- cooperation
Knowledge transfer
- horizontal
- vertical
Effects & values
- economic
- socio-cultural
- ecological
Dichotomy breakups
- nature conservation vs.
cultural heritage
protection
- science vs. practise
- humanities vs. natural
sciences
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Further Project Outputs
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Multilingual glossary on European agricultural landscapes
Discussion
about the different
meanings of terms
Collection of
existing glossaries
Input project members
Analysis/selection
of terms
Checkup by
editorial group
Until end: Constant checkup
by all project members
Online-cooperation
(online collaboration
website)
Pr oc edur al St ep
Gl ossar y
Par t i c i pat i on
pr oc ess
Glossary
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Travelling exhibition
Different languages
Target groups:
- Scientists
- Politicians
- Stakeholders
- General public
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EUCALAND project publications
Project website
http://www.eucalandproject.eu/
Final conference proceedings
Special issue (2010)
J ournal of Landscape Ecology
Project website
http://www.eucalandproject.eu/
Project book
Palombi Editori, Rome (2010)
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Outlook
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Outlook: How to go on?
EUCALAND project:
Starting point for a longer process
Inclusion of more/other countries
Fine-tuning of classification with stakeholders
Feedback coupling of results with ELC actors
Digital atlas of Europes agricultural landscapes
Description and mapping for one agricultural
landscape type per year:
- 2012: wooded pastures
- 2013: irrigated grassland
- 2014: enclosed agriculture
Red list of agricultural landscapes?
Suggestions for UNESCO world cultural heritage?
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The EUCALAND Institute
Registred as a non-profit association under
German Law since 2013
Regular monthly newsletter with
- Research calls
- Publications
- Conference announcements
- Platform for seeking cooperation partners
-
Several calls submitted each year
4F: FRIENDS, FUN, FIELDTRIPS, FOOD

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37
Thank you very much for your attention

Agricultural landscape in the Rheingau J an Kretschmer
Prof. Dr. Michael Roth

E-Mail: michael.roth@hfwu.de
WWW: http://www.hfwu.de
Dr. Alexandra Kruse
Eucaland Network Coordinator

E-Mail: kruse@eucalandnetwork.eu
WWW: http://www.eucalandnetwork.eu
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