INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESS

SICK CHILD
AGE 2 MONTHS UP TO 5 YEARS
ASSESS AND CLASSIFY THE SICK CHILD
Assess, Classify and Identify Treatment
Check for General Danger Signs ..................................... 2
Then Ask About Main Symptoms:
Does the child have cough or difficult breathing?................ 2
Does the child have diarrhoea? ....................................... 3
Does the child have sore throat? ..................................... 4
Does the child have an ear problem? ............................... 4
Does the child have fever?.............................................. 5
Classify malaria ...................................................... 5
Classify measles ..................................................... 5
Then Check for Malnutrition............................................. 6
Then Check for Anaemia ................................................. 6
Then Check the Child’s Immunization Status .................. 6
Then Check the Child’s Vitamin A Supplementation Status6
Then Check the Child’s Deworming Status ..................... 6
Assess Other Problems ................................................... 6
TREAT THE CHILD
Teach the Mother to Give Oral Drugs at Home
Oral Antibiotic ............................................................ 7
Oral Antimalarial ........................................................ 8
Paracetamol............................................................... 8
Multi Vitamin / Mineral Supplement .......................... 8
Vitamin A ................................................................... 8
Iron............................................................................. 8
Pyrantel Pamoate ...................................................... 8
TREAT THE CHILD, continued Ministry of Health World Health UNICEF
Pakistan Organization
Give Extra Fluid for Diarrhoea
and Continue Feeding
SICK YOUNG INFANT
Plan A: Treat Diarrhoea at Home............................. 12
Plan B: Treat Some Dehydration with ORS ............. 12 AGE LESS THEN 2 MONTHS
Plan C: Treat Severe Dehydration Quickly .............. 13
ASSESS, CLASSIFY AND TREAT THE SICK YOUNG INFANT
Immunize Every Sick Child, As Needed ..................... 13
Assess, Classify and Identify Treatment
Give Follow-up Care
Check for Possible Infection ........................................................... 22
Check for Possible Neonatal Tetanus ............................................. 22
Pneumonia ............................................................... 14
Then Check for Jaundice................................................................. 22
No Pneumonia - Wheeze ......................................... 14
Then ask: Does the young infant have diarrhoea?.......................... 23
Dysentery ................................................................. 14
Then Check for Feeding Problem,Low Birth Weight,Low Weight ... 24
Persistent Diarrhoea ................................................ 15
Then Check the Young Infant’s Immunization Status...................... 25
Ear Infection ............................................................. 15
Assess Other Problems................................................................... 25
Malaria (Low or High Malaria Risk) .......................... 15
Fever-Malaria Unlikely (Low Malaria Risk) .............. 15
Treat the Young Infant and Counsel the Mother
Fever No Malaria (No Malaria Risk)......................... 15
Measles with Eye or Mouth Complications .............. 16
Intramuscular Antibiotics ................................................................. 26
Measles.................................................................... 16
To Treat Diarrhoea, See TREAT THE CHILD Chart .................. 12-13
Feeding Problems .................................................... 16
Immunize Every Sick Young Infant.................................................. 27
Anaemia ................................................................... 16
Treat Local Infections at Home........................................................ 27
Very Low Weight ...................................................... 16
To Treat Eye Infection, See TREAT THE CHILD Chart .................... 9
Correct Positioning and Attachment for Breastfeeding.................... 28
COUNSEL THE MOTHER Home Care for Young Infant............................................................ 28

Teach the Mother to Treat
Local Infections at Home
Treat Eye Infection with
Chloramphenicol Eye Ointment................... 9
Dry the Ear by Wicking .............................................. 9
Treat Mouth Ulcers with Gentian Violet ..................... 9
Soothe the Throat, Relieve the Cough with
a Safe Remedy............................................ 9
Give These Treatments in Clinic Only
Treat Convulsions with Diazepam .......................... 10
Intramuscular Antibiotic ........................................... 10
Quinine for Severe Malaria ...................................... 10
Treat Wheezing ....................................................... 11
Prevent Low Blood Sugar ........................................ 11
Antibiotic for Streptococcal Sore Throat .................. 11
Food
Assess the Child’s Feeding...................................... 17
Feeding Recommendations ..................................... 18
Counsel About Feeding Problems ........................... 19
Fluid
Increase Fluid During Illness.................................... 20
When to Return
Advise the Mother When to Return to
Health Worker.................................................... 20
Counsel the Mother About
Her Own Health............................................................. 21
Give Follow-up Care for the Sick Young Infant
Local Bacterial Infection .................................................................. 29
Diarrhoea......................................................................................... 29
Feeding Problem ............................................................................. 30
Low Weight, Low Birth Weight......................................................... 30
Thrush ............................................................................................. 30
RECORDING FORMS
SICK YOUNG INFANT .................................................. 31
SICK CHILD ..................................................................... 33
WEIGHT FOR AGE CHART ............................................. on back cover
October 2000
 2

ASSESS AND CLASSIFY THE SICK CHILD

AGE 2 MONTHS UP TO 5 YEARS
ASSESS CLASSIFY IDENTIFY
ASK THE MOTHER WHAT THE CHILD’S PROBLEMS ARE TREATMENT
USE ALL BOXES THAT MATCH THE
• Determine if this is an initial or follow-up visit for this problem.
- if follow-up visit, use the follow-up instructions on FOLLOW-UP chart. CHILD’S SYMPTOMS AND PROBLEMS
- if initial visit, assess the child as follows: TO CLASSIFY THE ILLNESS.

CHECK FOR GENERAL DANGER SIGNS SIGNS CLASSIFY AS TREATMENT

(Urgent pre-referral treatments are in bold and italic print.)

ASK:
• Is the child not able to drink or breastfeed?
• Does the child vomit everything?
• Has the child had convulsions?
LOOK: • Any general danger sign VERY Treat convulsions if present now.
• See if the child is lethargic or SEVERE DISEASE Complete assessment immediately
unconscious. Give first dose of an appropriate antibiotic.
• See if the child is convulsing now Treat the child to prevent low blood sugar.
Refer URGENTLY to hospital.

THEN ASK ABOUT MAIN SYMPTOMS:

Does the child have cough or difficult breathing?
IF YES, ASK: LOOK, LISTEN: Classify • Any general danger SEVERE Give first dose of an appropriate antibiotic.
COUGH or sign or PNEUMONIA Treat wheezing if present
• Count the breaths in one

}
• For how long? • Stridor in calm child.or OR Treat the child to prevent low blood sugar.
minute. CHILD DIFFICULT • Chest indrawing VERY SEVERE Refer URGENTLY to hospital.*
• Look for chest indrawing. MUST BE BREATHING (if wheeze go directly to treat DISEASE
• Look and listen for stridor CALM wheezing)
• Look and listen for wheeze.
• Fast breathing. Give an appropriate antibiotic for 5 days
(if wheeze go directly to treat Treat wheezing if present.
If the child is: Fast breathing is: wheezing) PNEUMONIA Soothe the throat and relieve the cough with a safe
2 months up 50 breaths per remedy
to 12 months minute or more Advise mother when to return immediately.
Follow-up in 2 days.
12 months up 40 breaths per
to 5 years minute or more
• No signs of pneumonia Treat wheezing if present.
or very severe disease. If coughing more than 30 days, refer for assessment.
(if wheeze go directly to treat NO PNEUMONIA: Soothe the throat and relieve the cough with
wheezing) COUGH OR COLD a safe remedy.
Advise mother when to return immediately.
For wheezing now, follow-up in 2 days.
Follow-up in 5 days if not improving.
Does the child have diarrhoea? Two of the following signs: If child has no other severe classification:
- Give fluid for severe dehydration (Plan C).
IF YES, ASK: LOOK AND FEEL: • Lethargic or unconscious OR
for • Sunken eyes If child also has another severe classification:
DEHYDRATION • Not able to drink or drinking poorly SEVERE - Refer URGENTLY to hospital with mother
• For how long? • Look at the child’s general condition. giving frequent sips of ORS on the way.
Is the child: • Skin pinch goes back very slowly. DEHYDRATION
Advise the mother to continue breastfeeding.
• Is there blood in the
stool? Lethargic or unconscious? If child is 2 years or older and there is cholera in your area,
Restless and irritable? give antibiotic for cholera.

• Look for sunken eyes.

• Offer the child fluid. Is the child:
Not able to drink or drinking poorly?
Drinking eagerly, thirsty?
DIARRHOEA
• Pinch the skin of the abdomen.
Does it go back:
Very slowly (longer than 2 seconds)?
Slowly?
Two of the following signs:
• Restless, irritable
• Sunken eyes
Classify • Drinks eagerly, thirsty
• Skin pinch goes back slowly.
Not enough signs to classify as some
or severe dehydration.
Give fluid and food for some dehydration (Plan B).
If child also has a severe classification:
SOME - Refer URGENTLY to hospital with mother
DEHYDRATION giving frequent sips of ORS on the way.
Advise the mother to continue breastfeeding.
Advise mother when to return immediately.
Follow-up in 2 days if not improving.
NO Give fluid and food to treat diarrhoea at home (Plan A).
DEHYDRATION Advise mother when to return immediately.
Follow-up in 2 days if not improving.

• Dehydration present. SEVERE Treat dehydration before referral unless the child has another
PERSISTENT severe classification.
and if diarrhoea DIARRHOEA Refer to hospital.
14 days or more
• No dehydration. PERSISTENT Advise the mother on feeding a child who has
DIARRHOEA PERSISTENT DIARRHOEA.
Give multivitamin, mineral supplement for two weeks
Advise mother when to return immediately
Follow-up in 5 days.

• Blood in the stool. Treat for 5 days with an oral antibiotic recommended for
and if blood Shigella.
DYSENTERY
in stool Advise mother when to return immediately
Follow-up in 2 days.

*If referral is not possible, manage the child as described in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, Treat the Child,
Annex: Where Referral Is Not Possible, and WHO guidelines for inpatient care.

DANGER SIGNS, COUGH 3

DIARRHOEA

ASSESS AND CLASSIFY


Does the child have throat problem:
IF YES, ASK:
• Does the child have sore
throat?
• Is the child not able to drink?
• Does the child have fever?
Does the child have an ear problem?
IF YES, ASK:
• Is there severe ear pain?
• Is there ear discharge?
If yes, for how long?
LOOK AND FEEL:
• Fever (temperature 37.5°C or above).
• Feel the front of the neck for tender
enlarged lymph nodes.
• Look for red, enlarged tonsils
• Look for exudate on the throat.
LOOK AND FEEL:
• Look for pus draining from the ear.
• Feel for tender swelling behind the ear.
4
• Sore throat AND not able to drink Give first dose of an appropriate antibiotic.
Classify THROAT ABSCESS Treat the child to prevent low blood sugar.
SORE THROAT Give first dose of paracetamol for high fever or pain.
Refer URGENTLY to hospital.
Fever and/ or sore throat AND Give benzathine penicillin or Amoxycillin.
at least two of the following signs. STREPTOCOCCAL Give paracetamol for high fever or pain.
Give safe, soothing remedy for sore throat.
• Tender, enlarged lymph nodes on SORE THROAT
Advice mother when to return immediately
neck.
Follow-up in 5 days if not improving.
• Red, enlarged tonsils.
• White exudate on throat.
• Not enough signs to classify as VIRAL SORE Give safe, soothing remedy for sore throat.
throat abscess or streptococcal THROAT Give paracetamol for high fever or pain.
sore throat. Advice mother when to return immediately.
Follow-up in 5 days, if not improving.
• No signs present (with or without NO THROAT No additional treatment.
fever) PROBLEMS
• Tender swelling behind the ear. Give first dose of an appropriate antibiotic.
Classify MASTOIDITIS Treat the child to prevent low blood sugar.
EAR PROBLEM Give first dose of paracetamol for high fever or pain.
Refer URGENTLY to hospital.
• Pus is seen draining from the ear Give an antibiotic for 5 days.
ACUTE EAR
and/or discharge is reported for INFECTION Give paracetamol for high fever or pain.
less than 14 days, OR Dry the ear by wicking.
• Severe ear pain. Advise mother when to return immediately.
Follow-up in 5 days.
............................................................ ....................................... ........................................................................................................
. . ..
• Discharge is reported for 14 or Dry the ear by wicking if pus seen draining from the ear
more days (pus is seen or not seen CHRONIC EAR Giver paracetamol for high fever or pain
draining from the ear). INFECTION Refer to Ear Nose & Throat specialist.
• No ear pain and NO EAR If any other ear problem present give appropriate treatment or
No pus draining from the ear. INFECTION refer to Ear Nose & Throat specialist.
 HIGH MALARIA RISK AREA
• Any general danger sign or
Does the child have fever? High •· Stiff neck.
VERY SEVERE
FEBRILE
Give first dose of quinine for severe malaria.
Give first dose of an appropriate antibiotic.
(by history or feels hot or temperature 37.5°C** or above) Malaria Risk DISEASE Treat the child to prevent low blood sugar.
Give one dose of paracetamol in clinic for high fever (38.5°C or above).
Refer URGENTLY to hospital.
IF YES:
Decide Malaria Risk: high,low or no • Fever (by history or feels hot or Treat the child with an oral antimalarial.
If low or no malaria risk, then ask: temperature 37.5°C** or Give one dose of paracetamol in clinic for high fever (38.5°C or above).
Has the child travelled to high or low above). MALARIA Advise mother when to return immediately.
malaria risk area in the last one Follow-up in 2 days if fever persists.
month? If fever is present every day for more than 7 days, refer for assessment.
Yes_____ No_____ LOW MALARIA RISK AREA
(if yes, use the treatment
Low • Any general danger sign or VERY SEVERE Give first dose of quinine for severe malaria.
instructions for the relevant malaria
risk area) Malaria Risk • Stiff neck. FEBRILE Give first dose of an appropriate antibiotic.
DISEASE Treat the child to prevent low blood sugar.
LOOK AND FEEL: Give one dose of paracetamol in clinic for high fever (38.5°C or above).
THEN ASK: Refer URGENTLY to hospital
• Look or feel for stiff neck.
• Fever For how long?
• Look for runny nose. • Fever for more than two days. Treat The child with an oral antimalarial
• If more than 7 days, has fever AND Give one dose of paracetamol in clinic for high fever (38.5°C or above).
Classify - NO runny nose MALARIA Advise mother when to return immediately.
been present every day?
Look for signs of MEASLES FEVER - NO measles, Follow-up in 2 days if fever persists.
• Has the child had measles within If fever is present every day for more than 7 days, refer for assessment.
the last 3 months? • Generalized rash of measles AND
• One of these: cough, runny nose, • Fever for more than two days. FEVER - Give one dose of paracetamol in clinic for high fever (38.5°C or above).
or red eyes. AND MALARIA Treat other cause of fever accordingly.
.................................................. - Runny nose PRESENT or UNLIKELY Advise mother when to return immediately.
- Measles PRESENT or Follow-up in 2 days if fever persists.
If fever is present every day for more than 7 days, refer for assessment.
If the child has measles now • Look for mouth ulcers. - Other cause of fever
or within the last 3 months: Are they deep and extensive? NO MALARIA RISK AREA AND NO TRAVEL TO MALARIA RISK AREA
• Look for pus draining from the eye. • Any general danger sign or VERY SEVERE Give first dose of an appropriate antibiotic.
No • Stiff neck. FEBRILE Treat the child to prevent low blood sugar.
• Look for clouding of the cornea.
Malaria Risk DISEASE Give one dose of paracetamol in clinic for high fever (38.5°C or above).
Refer URGENTLY to hospital

• Fever and no travel to malaria FEVER Give one dose of paracetamol in clinic for high fever (38.5°C or above).
area NO MALARIA Treat other cause of fever accordingly.
Advise mother when to return immediately.
Follow-up in 2 days if fever persists.
If fever is present every day for more than 7 days, refer for assessment.

• Any general danger sign or Give first dose of an appropriate antibiotic.

if MEASLES • Clouding of cornea or SEVERE Give one dose of paracetamol in clinic for high fever (38.5 °C or above).
now or within last 3 months • Deep or extensive mouth COMPLICATED If clouding of the cornea or pus draining from the eye, apply chloramphenicol
ulcers. MEASLES*** eye ointment.
Classify Treat the child to prevent low blood sugar.
Give Vitamin A.
Refer URGENTLY to hospital.

• Pus draining from the eye or MEASLES WITH Give one dose of paracetamol in clinic for high fever (38.5 °C or above).
• Mouth ulcers. EYE AND / OR If pus draining from the eye, treat eye infection with chloramphenicol eye
MOUTH ointment. If mouth ulcers, treat with gentian violet
Give Vitamin A.
COMPLICATIONS* Advice mother when to return immediately.
** Follow-up in 2 days.

• Measles now or within the last
3 months. MEASLES
** These temperatures are based on axillary temperature.
*** Other important complications of measles - pneumonia, stridor, diarrhoea, ear infection, and malnutrition - are classified in other tables.
Give one dose of paracetamol in clinic for high fever (38.5 °C or above).
Give Vitamin A.
Advice mother when to return immediately.
Follow up in 2 days if not improving or If measles now follow-up in 2 days

SORE THROAT EAR PROBLEM

FEVER, MALARIA, MEASLES, 5
 6

THEN CHECK FOR MALNUTRITION

• Visible severe wasting or SEVERE Give Vitamin A.
Classify • Oedema of both feet. MALNUTRITION Treat the child to prevent low blood sugar
LOOK AND FEEL: NUTRITIONAL Refer URGENTLY to hospital.
STATUS
• Look for visible severe wasting. • Very low weight for age. VERY Assess the child`s feeding and counsel the mother on feeding
LOW WEIGHT according to the FOOD box on the COUNSEL THE MOTHER
• Look and feel for oedema of both feet. chart.
Advise mother when to return immediately.
• Determine weight for age. If feeding problem, follow-up in 5 days.
Follow-up in 30 days.

• Not very low weight for age AND NOT VERY If child is less than 2 years old, assess the child’s feeding and
no other signs of malnutrition. LOW WEIGHT counsel the mother on feeding according to the FOOD box on the
COUNSEL THE MOTHER chart.
Advise mother when to return immediately.
If feeding problem, follow-up in 5 days.
THEN CHECK FOR ANAEMIA
LOOK • Severe palmar pallor SEVERE ANAEMIA Treat the child to prevent low blood sugar
Refer URGENTLY to hospital.
Classify
• Look for palmar pallor. Is it: ANAEMIA • Some palmar pallor Assess the child`s feeding and counsel the mother on feeding
ANAEMIA
according to the FOOD box on the COUNSEL THE MOTHER
Severe palmar pallor? chart.
Some palmar pallor? Give iron.
Give oral antimalarial if high malaria risk.
Deworm if child is two years or older & has not had a dose in
previous six months, or has evidence.of worm infestation
Advise mother when to return immediately.
Follow-up in 14 days.

• No palmar pallor. . NO ANAEMIA No additional treatment.

THEN CHECK CHILD’S IMMUNIZATION, VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION, AND DEWORMING STATUS

AGE VACCINE
VITAMIN A • If child is 6 months or older and has • If child is 2 years or older and has
Birth BCG OPV-0
IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE: 6 weeks DPT-1 OPV-1 SUPPLEMENTATION not received a dose in the last 6 DEWORMING not received deworming drug in
months, give a dose of vitamin A in the last 6 months, give a dose of
10 weeks DPT-2 OPV-2 STATUS: the clinic STATUS: Pyrantel Pamoate
14 weeks DPT-3 OPV-3
9 months Measles

ASSESS OTHER PROBLEMS

MAKE SURE CHILD WITH ANY GENERAL DANGER SIGN IS REFERRED after first dose of an appropriate antibiotic and other urgent treatments.

Exception: Rehydration of the child according to Plan C may resolve danger signs so that referral is no longer needed.
 TREAT THE CHILD
CARRY OUT THE TREATMENT STEPS IDENTIFIED ON
THE ASSESS AND CLASSIFY CHART

Give an Appropriate Oral Antibiotic

FOR PNEUMONIA, ACUTE EAR INFECTION:
FIRST-LINE ANTIBIOTIC: COTRIMOXAZOLE
TEACH THE MOTHER TO GIVE SECOND-LINE ANTIBIOTIC: AMOXYCILLIN

ORAL DRUGS AT HOME COTRIMOXAZOLE

(trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole)
AMOXYCILLIN
Give three times
Give two times daily for 5 days daily for 5 days
Follow the instructions below for every oral drug to be given at home. ADULT TABLET SYRUP SYRUP SYRUP
80 mg 40 mg trimethoprim
Also follow the instructions listed with each drug’s dosage table. AGE or WEIGHT trimethoprim +200 mg 125 mg 250 mg
+ 400 mg sulphamethoxazole per 5 ml per 5 ml
sulphamethoxazole per 5 ml
2 months up to 12 months 1/2 5.0 ml 5 ml 2.5 ml
Determine the appropriate drugs and dosage for the child’s age or (4 - <10 kg)
weight. 12 months up to 5 years 1 7.5 ml 10 ml 5 ml
(10 - 19 kg)

Tell the mother the reason for giving the drug to the child. FOR DYSENTERY:
Give antibiotic recommended for 5 days.
Demonstrate how to measure a dose. FIRST-LINE ANTIBIOTIC NALIDIXIC ACID
SECOND-LINE DRUG METRONIDAZOLE (REFER TO FOLLOW UP BOX)
Watch the mother practice measuring a dose by herself.
NALIDIXIC ACID METRONIDAZOLE
Give four times daily for 5 days Give three times daily for 5 days
Ask the mother to give the first dose to her child. AGE or WEIGHT TABLET SYRUP TABLET SYRUP
500 mg 250 mg per 5 ml 200 mg 200 mg per 5 ml
Explain carefully how to give the drug, then label and package the 2 months up to 4 months 1/4 1.25 ml
(4 - <6 kg)
drug. 4 months up to 12 months 1/4 2.5 ml
(6 - <10 kg)
12 months up to 3 years 1/2 5 ml 1/2 2.5 ml
If more than one drug will be given, collect, count and package (10 - <14 kg)
each drug separately. 3 years up to 5 years 1/2 5 ml 1 5 ml
(14 - 19 kg)

Explain that all the oral drug tablets or syrups must be used to
finish the course of treatment, even if the child gets better. FOR CHOLERA:
Give antibiotic recommended for Cholera for 3 days.
Check the mother’s understanding before she leaves the clinic. FIRST-LINE ANTIBIOTIC FOR CHOLERA: NALIDIXIC ACID
Nalidixic Acid
Give four times daily for 3 days

AGE or WEIGHT TABLET SYRUP

500 mg 250 mg per 5 ml

2 months up to 4 months (4 - <6 kg) 1.25 ml

4 months up to 12 months (6 - <10 kg) 1/4 2.5 ml

12 months up to 5 years (10 - 19 kg) 1/2 5 ml

ANTIBIOTICS
MALNUTRITION and ANAEMIA 7
IMMUNIZATION STATUS
TREAT
 8

Give Multivitamin / Mineral Supplement

TEACH THE MOTHER TO GIVE For persistent diarrhoea, give 5 ml (one tea spoon) once daily.of multivitamin minerals for 2 weeks
each 5 ml contains
ORAL DRUGS AT HOME Vitamin-A:
Folate:
8000 IU (800 micrograms)
100 micrograms
Magnesium: 150 mg
Follow the instructions below for every oral drug to be given at home. Iron: 20 mg
Zinc: 20 mg
Also follow the instructions listed with each drug’s dosage table. Copper: 2 mg

Give Vitamin A
Give two doses.
• Give first dose in clinic.
Give an Oral Antimalarial • Give mother one dose to give at home the next day.

FIRST-LINE ANTIMALARIAL: CHLOROQUINE AGE VITAMIN A CAPSULES

SECOND-LINE ANTIMALARIAL: SULFADOXINE PYRIMETHAMINE
200 000 IU 100 000 IU
IF CHLOROQUINE: Up to 6 months 1/2 capsule
• Explain to the mother that she should watch her child carefully for 30 minutes after giving a dose of
chloroquine. If the child vomits within 30 minutes, she should repeat the dose and return to the clinic for 6 months up to 12 months 1/2 capsule 1 capsule
additional tablets.
12 months up to 5 years 1 capsule 2 capsules
• Explain that itching is a possible side effect of the drug, but is not dangerous.

IF SULFADOXINE + PYRIMETHAMINE:Give single dose in clinic.

CHLOROQUINE SULFADOXINE +
Give Iron
Give for 3 days PYRIMETHAMINE Give one dose daily for 14 days.
Give single dose in clinic
TABLET TABLET SYRUP TABLET
AGE or WEIGHT (150 mg base) (100 mg base) (50 mg base per 5 ml) (500 mg sulfadoxine IRON/FOLATE TABLET IRON SYRUP
AGE or WEIGHT Ferrous sulfate 200 mg + Ferrous fumarate 100 mg
DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 +25 mg pyrimethamine)
250 mcg Folate per 5 ml
2 months up to 12 months 1/2 1/2 1/2 1 1 1/2 7.5 ml 7.5 ml 5.0 ml 1/2
(4 - <10 kg) 2 months up to 4 months (4 - <6 kg) 1.00 ml
12 months up to 3 years 1 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2 1/2 15.0 ml 15.0 ml 5.0 ml 1
(10 - <14 kg) 4 months up to 12 months (6 - <10 kg) 1.25 ml
3 years up to 5 years 1 1/2 1 1/2 1/2 2 2 1 1
(14 - 19 kg) 12 months up to 3 years (10 - <14 kg) 1/2 2.00 ml

3 years up to 5 years (14 - 19 kg) 1/2 2.5 ml

Give Paracetamol for High Fever (> 38.5°C) or

Give Pyrantel Pamoate
Sore Throat or Ear Pain FOR TREATMENT OF ANEMIA AND IF STOOLS POSITIVE FOR WORMS OR:
• If the child is 2 years or older and has not had a dose in the previous 6 months.or
Give paracetamol every 6 hours until high fever or sore throat or ear pain is gone. • If child is 4 months of age or older and has evidence of worm infestation.
GIVE PYRANTEL PAMOATE AS A SINGLE DOSE IN CLINIC.
PARACETAMOL
AGE or WEIGHT PYRANTEL PAMOATE
AGE or WEIGHT TABLET (500 mg) SYRUP (120 mg per 5 ml)
4 months up to 9 months (6 - <8 kg) 1/2 1/4
2 months up to 6 months (4- <7 kg) 2.5 ml
9 months up to 1 year (8 - <10 kg) 3/4 1/2
6 months up to 3 years (7- <14 kg) 1/4 5 ml

3 years up to 5 years (14 - 19 kg) 1/2 10 ml 1 year up to 3 years (10 - <14 kg) 1 1/2

3 years up to 5 years (14 - 19 kg) 1-1/2 3/4

TEACH THE MOTHER TO TREAT LOCAL INFECTIONS AT HOME
Explain to the mother what the treatment is and why it should be given.

Describe the treatment steps listed in the appropriate box.

Dry the Ear by Wicking
Dry the ear at least 3 times daily.
Watch the mother as she does the first treatment in the clinic (except remedy
• Roll clean absorbent cloth or soft, strong tissue paper into a wick.
for cough or sore throat). • Place the wick in the child’s ear.
• Remove the wick when wet.
Tell her how often to do the treatment at home. • Replace the wick with a clean one and repeat these steps until the ear is dry.

If needed for treatment at home, give mother the tube of chloramphenicol

ointment or a small bottle of gentian violet.
Treat Mouth Ulcers with Gentian Violet
Check the mother’s understanding before she leaves the clinic. Treat the mouth ulcers twice daily.
• Wash hands.
• Wash the child’s mouth with clean soft cloth wrapped around the finger and wet with salt water.
• Paint the mouth with half-strength gentian violet (0.25 %).
Treat Eye Infection with Chloramphenicol • Wash hands again.

Eye Ointment
Clean both eyes 3 times daily. Soothe the Throat, Relieve the Cough
•
•
Wash hands.
Ask child to close the eye.
with a Safe Remedy
• Use clean cloth and water to gently wipe away pus.
• Safe remedies to recommend:
Breast milk for exclusively breastfed infant.
Then apply Chloramphenicol eye ointment in both eyes 3 times daily.
Honey with water : one tea spoon honey in half cup of luke warm water.
Green tea, Soup etc.
• Ask the child to look up.
• Squirt a small amount of ointment on the inside of the lower lid. • Harmful remedies to discourage:
• Wash hands again. Cough syrup containing codeine, antihistamines, alcohol, atropine and expectorants.
Oral and nasal decongestants
Treat until redness is gone. Do not massage or bind the chest
Do not use other eye ointments or drops, or put anything else in the eye. Do not give opium, alcohol etc.
Return to clinic immediately, if infection becomes worse.

ORAL DRUGS
LOCAL INFECTIONS
 10

GIVE THESE TREATMENTS IN CLINIC ONLY Give An Intramuscular Antibiotic

Explain to the mother why the drug is given. FOR CHILDREN BEING REFERRED URGENTLY:

Determine the dose appropriate for the child’s weight (or age). Give first dose of Intramuscular Chloramphenicol and refer child urgently to hospital.

IF REFERRAL IS NOT POSSIBLE:

Use a sterile needle and sterile syringe. Measure the dose accurately. Repeat the Chloramphenicol injection every 12 hours for 5 days.
Then change to an appropriate oral antibiotic to complete 10 days of treatment.
Give the drug as an Intramuscular injection.
CHLORAMPHENICOL
If child cannot be referred, follow the instructions provided. Dose: 40 mg per kg
AGE or WEIGHT Add 5.0 ml sterile water to vial containing
1000 mg = 5.6 ml at 180 mg/ml

Treat the Convulsing Child with

Diazepam
Manage the Airway:
Turn the child on the side to avoid aspiration
Do not insert any thing in the mouth 2 months up to 4 months (4 - < 6 kg) 1.0 ml = 180 mg
If lips and tongue are blue, open the mouth and make sure the airway is
clear. Give
If necessary remove secretions from the throat through a catheter inserted
through the nose Quinine for
Give Diazepam Rectally:
Draw up the dose of diazepam into a small syringe Severe
Add 2-3 ml water Then remove the needle
Attach a piece of nasogastric tube to the syringe if possible. Malaria
Insert 4 to 5 cm of the tube or tip of the syringe into the rectum and inject FOR CHILDREN BEING
the diazepam solution. REFERRED WITH VERY
Hold buttocks together for a few minutes SEVERE FEBRILE
DISEASE:
Check which quinine
AGE or WEIGHT Diazepam Given Rectally (10 mg= 2ml)
Dose 0.5mg/kg
formulation is available in
AGE or WEIGHT INTRAMUSCULAR QUININE(in 2 ml ampoules)
Less then 7 days (If weight < 2.5 kg) 0.25 ml
AMPOULES (150 mg/ml) AMPOULES (300 mg/ml)
Less then 7 days (If weight > 2.5 kg) 0.5 ml
Draw up this dose of Add this amount Total diluted solution Draw up this dose of Add this Total diluted solution
undiluted quinine of normal saline to administer (60 mg/ml) undiluted quinine amount of to administer (60 mg/ml)
7 days up to 4 months (3 - < 6 kg) 0.5 ml
in syringe in syringe normal saline
4 months up to 12 months (6 - <10 kg) 1 ml 2 months up to 4 months (4 - < 6 kg) 0.4 ml 0.6 ml 1.0 ml 0.2 ml 0.8 ml 1.0 ml

12 months up to 3 years (10 - < 14 kg) 1.25 ml 4 months up to 12 months (6 - < 10 kg) 0.6 ml 0.9 ml 1.5 ml 0.3 ml 1.2 ml 1.5 ml

3 years up to 5 years (14 - 19 kg) 1.5 ml 12 months up to 2 years (10 - < 12 kg) 0.8 ml 1.2 ml 2.0 ml 0.4 ml 1.6 ml 2.0 ml

2 years up to 3 years (12 - < 14 kg) 1.0 ml 1.5 ml 2.5 ml 0.5 ml 2.0 ml 2.5 ml

3 years up to 5 years (14 - 19 kg) 1.2 ml 1.8 ml 3.0 ml 0.6 ml 2.4 ml 3.0 ml
If High Fever, Lower the Fever:
4 months up to 9 months (6 - < 8 kg) 1.5 ml = 270 mg
Sponge the child with tap water
Give antipyretic * quinine salt your clinic.
Give first
 Treat the Child
Treat Wheezing: to Prevent Low Blood Sugar
CHILDREN WITH WHEEZING AND GENERAL DANGER SIGN OR STRIDOR If the child is able to breastfeed:
• Give one dose of rapid acting bronchodilator and REFER immediately

Ask the mother to breastfeed the child.

CHILDREN WITH WHEEZING AND CHEST INDRAWING AND/OR FAST BREATHNG
• Give a rapid acting bronchodilator and reassess the child 30 minutes later
If the child is not able to breastfeed but is able to swallow:

IF: THEN: Give expressed breast milk or a breast milk substitute.

CHEST INDRAWING PERSISTS Treat for SEVERE PNEUMONIA or VERY If neither of these is available, give sugar water.
SEVERE DISEASE (REFER) Give 30-50 ml of milk or sugar water before departure.
FAST BREATHING ALONE Treat for PNEUMONIA
Give oral salbutamol for 5 days. To make sugar water: Dissolve 4 level teaspoons of sugar
(20 grams) in a 200-ml cup of clean water.
NO FAST BREATHING Treat for NO PNEUMONIA COUGH OR COLD
Give oral salbutamol for 5 days.
If the child is not able to swallow:

CHILDREN WITH WHEEZING AND NO DANGER SIGNS, NO STRIDOR,NO CHEST Give 50 ml of milk or sugar water by nasogastric tube.
INDRAWING NO FAST BREATHING
• Treat for no pneumonia: cough or cold
• Give oral salbutamol for 5 days

RAPID ACTING BRONCHODILATOR ORAL SALBUTAMOL Give An Antibiotic for Streptococcal

Three times daily for five days
AGE or WEIGHT Nebulized Salbutamol
(5mg/ml)
Metered dose inhaler
with spacer device
(100mcg/dose) AGE or WEIGHT TABLETS SYRUP
Sore Throat
(2 mg) (2 mg/5ml) Give a single dose of Intramuscular Benzathine Penicillin
2 months up to 6 months 0.25 ml 2 months up to 6 months
(4- <7 kg) (plus 2.0 ml sterile water)
1 puff 1/4 1.25 ml Age Benzathine Penicillin
(4- <7 kg)
(600,000 units add 5 ml sterile water)
6 months up to 12 months 0.5 ml 6 months up to 12 months
(7- <10 kg) (plus 2.0 ml sterile water)
1 to 2 puffs 1/2 2.5 ml
(7- <10 kg)
< 5 years 600,000 unit
12 months up to 5 years
12 months up to 5 years
(10- 19 kg)
0.5 ml
(plus 2.0 ml sterile water)
2 to 3 puffs (10-19 kg) 1 5 ml OR
Give

CONVULSIONS
INTRAMUSCULAR ANTIBIOTIC 11
INTRAMUSCULAR QUININE
WHEEZING, LOW BLOOD SUGAR
STREPTOCOCCAL SORE THROAT
 12

GIVE EXTRA FLUID FOR DIARRHOEA AND CONTINUE FEEDING

(See FOOD advice on COUNSEL THE MOTHER chart)

Plan A: Treat Diarrhoea at Home Plan B: Treat Some Dehydration with ORS
Counsel the mother on the 3 Rules of Home Treatment: Give in clinic recommended amount of ORS over 4-hour period
Give Extra Fluid, Continue Feeding, When to Return
DETERMINE AMOUNT OF ORS TO GIVE DURING FIRST 4 HOURS.

1. GIVE EXTRA FLUID (as much as the child will take) AGE* Up to 4 months 4 months up to 12 months up to 2 years up to

TELL THE MOTHER: WEIGHT < 6 kg 6 - < 10 kg 10 - < 12 kg 12 - 19 kg

- Breastfeed frequently and for longer at each feed.
- If the child is exclusively breastfed, give ORS or clean water in addition to breast milk. In ml 200 - 400 400 - 700 700 - 900 900 - 1400
- If the child is not exclusively breastfed, give one or more of the following: ORS solution,
food-based fluids (such as soup, rice water, and yoghurt drinks), or clean water.
* Use the child’s age only when you do not know the weight. The approximate amount of ORS required (in ml) can
It is especially important to give ORS at home when: also be calculated by multiplying the child’s weight (in kg) times 75.
- the child has been treated with Plan B or Plan C during this visit.
- the child cannot return to a clinic if the diarrhoea gets worse. • If the child wants more ORS than shown, give more.
• For infants under 6 months who are not breastfed, also give
TEACH THE MOTHER HOW TO MIX AND GIVE ORS. GIVE THE MOTHER 2 PACKETS 100-200 ml clean water during this period.
OF ORS (1000 ml) TO USE AT HOME.
SHOW THE MOTHER HOW TO GIVE ORS SOLUTION.
SHOW THE MOTHER HOW MUCH FLUID TO GIVE IN ADDITION TO THE USUAL
• Give frequent small sips from a cup.
FLUID INTAKE:
• If the child vomits, wait 10 minutes. Then continue, but more slowly.
Up to 2 years 50 to 100 ml after each loose stool
2 years or more 100 to 200 ml after each loose stool • Continue breastfeeding whenever the child wants.

Tell the mother to: AFTER 4 HOURS:

- Give frequent small sips from a cup. • Reassess the child and classify the child for dehydration.
- If the child vomits, wait 10 minutes. Then continue, but more slowly. • Select the appropriate plan to continue treatment.
- Continue giving extra fluid until the diarrhoea stops. • Begin feeding the child in clinic.

IF THE MOTHER MUST LEAVE BEFORE COMPLETING TREATMENT:

• Show her how to prepare ORS solution at home.
• Show her how much ORS to give to finish 4-hour treatment at home.
2. CONTINUE FEEDING • Give her enough ORS packets to complete rehydration. Also give her 2 packets
as recommended in Plan A.
3. WHEN TO RETURN
} See COUNSEL THE MOTHER chart • Explain the 3 Rules of Home Treatment:

1. GIVE EXTRA FLUID

2. CONTINUE FEEDING
3. WHEN TO RETURN
} See Plan A for recommended fluids
and
See COUNSEL THE MOTHER chart
GIVE EXTRA FLUID FOR DIARRHOEA AND CONTINUE FEEDING
(See FOOD advice on COUNSEL THE MOTHER chart)

Plan C: Treat Severe Dehydration Quickly

FOLLOW THE ARROWS. IF ANSWER IS “YES”, GO ACROSS. IF “NO”, GO DOWN.

START HERE · Start IV fluid immediately. If the child can drink, give ORS by mouth while the drip is set
up. Give 100 ml/kg Ringer’s Lactate Solution (or, if not available, normal saline),
Can you give divided as follows:
intravenous (IV) fluid YES
immediately? AGE First give Then give

Infants 1 hour* 5 hours

Children 30 minutes* 2 1/2 hours

* Repeat once if radial pulse is still very weak or not detectable.

• Reassess the child every 1- 2 hours. If hydration status is not improving, give the IV
NO drip more rapidly.
• Also give ORS (about 5 ml/kg/hour) as soon as the child can drink: usually after
3-4 hours (infants) or 1-2 hours (children).
• Reassess an infant after 6 hours and a child after 3 hours. Classify dehydration. Then
choose the appropriate plan (A, B, or C) to continue treatment.

Is IV treatment GIVE VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION, AS

available nearby
(within 30 minutes)? YES • Refer URGENTLY to hospital for IV treatment. NEEDED
• If the child can drink, provide the mother with ORS solution and show her how to give
frequent sips during the trip.
NO

Are you trained to

use a naso-gastric
• Start rehydration by tube (or mouth) with ORS solution: give 20 ml/kg/hour for 6 hours
(NG) tube for
rehydration?
(total of 120 ml/kg).
• Reassess the child every 1-2 hours:
GIVE PYRENTAL PAOMATE, AS NEEDED
- If there is repeated vomiting or increasing abdominal distension, give the fluid more
NO YES slowly.
- If hydration status is not improving after 3 hours, send the child for IV therapy.
• After 6 hours, reassess the child. Classify dehydration. Then choose the appropriate
plan (A, B, or C) to continue treatment.
Can the child drink?

NO
NOTE:
IMMUNIZE EVERY SICK CHILD, AS NEEDED
• If possible, observe the child at least 6 hours after rehydration to be sure the mother
can maintain hydration giving the child ORS solution by mouth.
Refer URGENTLY to
hospital for IV or NG
treatment

13
PLAN A, PLAN B
PLAN C
 14

NO PNEUMONIA: COUGH OR COLD - WHEEZE

GIVE FOLLOW-UP CARE After 2 days:

Check the child for general danger signs.

Care for the child who returns for follow-up using all the boxes that match
Assess the child for cough or difficult breathing. } See ASSESS & CLASSIFY chart.

the child’s previous classifications. Treatment:

If any general danger sign or stridor or chest indrawing-, treat as SEVERE PNEUMONIA OR
If the child has any new problem, assess, classify and treat the new problem
VERY SEVERE DISEASE, give a dose of pre-referral intramuscular antibiotic. If wheezing now,
as on the ASSESS AND CLASSIFY chart. give one dose of rapid acting bronchodilator and refer URGENTLY to hospital.
If fast breathing, with wheeze also give a dose of rapid acting bronchodilator and reassess
according to “treat wheezing” box.
If child is wheezing but has no general danger signs, no stridor, no chest indrawing or no
fast breathing
- if this is the first episode of wheezing or if the child had previous episodes but has not been
referred, give salbutamol and refer for assessment.
- If the child has already been referred for a previous episode of wheezing advise the mother to
continue with treatment prescribed by the referral hospital. Advise the mother to return if the
PNEUMONIA child’s breathing becomes more difficult. If this child returns because condition has worsened,
refer URGENTLY to hospital for further treatment.
After 2 days: If had wheeze and now no wheezing- complete 5 days of oral salbutamol.

Check the child for general danger signs.

Assess the child for cough or difficult breathing.
Ask:
} See ASSESS & CLASSIFY chart.
DYSENTERY
- Is the child breathing slower? After 2 days:
- Is there less fever?
- Is the child eating better? Assess the child for diarrhoea. > See ASSESS & CLASSIFY chart.
- Is the child wheezing? Ask:
- Are there fewer stools?
Treatment: - Is there less blood in the stool?
- Is there less fever?
If child has a general danger sign or stridor or chest indrawing or has more fast breathing - Is there less abdominal pain?
and with or without wheeze, give a dose of Intramuscular Chloramphenicol. If wheezing also give - Is the child eating better?
a dose of rapid acting bronchodilator. Then refer URGENTLY to hospital. Treatment:
If the child is dehydrated, treat dehydration.
If breathing rate, fever and eating are the same, with or without wheeze, change to the second- If number of stools, amount of blood in stools, fever, abdominal pain, or eating is worse-refer to
line antibiotic and advise the mother to return in 2 days. If wheezing now or had wheezing on first hospital.
visit give/continue oral salbutamol. (If this child had measles within the last 3 months, refer). If number of stools, amount of blood in stools, fever, abdominal pain, or eating is the same:
Add metronidazole.Give it for 5 days. Advise the mother to return in 2 days.
If breathing rate slower, less fever, or eating better, with or without wheezing, complete the 5 Exceptions - if the child:
days of antibiotic. If wheezing now or had wheezing on first visit give/continue oral salbutamol for - is less than 12 months old, or
five days. - was dehydrated on the first visit, or

If child had no wheeze on the first visit but has wheeze now and has no general danger signs
or stridor, or chest indrawing or fast breathing , treat as in “No Pneumonia: Cough or Cold -
- had measles within the last 3 months

If fewer stools, less blood in the stools, less fever, less

} Refer to hospital.

abdominal pain, and

Wheeze” box.
eating better, continue giving the same antibiotic until finished.
GIVE FOLLOW-UP CARE MALARIA (Low or High Malaria Risk Area)
If fever persists after 2 days, or returns within 14 days:
Care for the child who returns for follow-up using all the boxes that match the
Do a full reassessment of the child. Assess for other causes of fever. > See ASSESS & CLASSIFY chart.
child’s previous classifications.
If the child has any new problem, assess, classify and treat the new problem as Treatment:
on the ASSESS AND CLASSIFY chart. If the child has any general danger sign or stiff neck, treat as VERY SEVERE FEBRILE DISEASE.
If the child has any cause of fever other than malaria, provide treatment.
If malaria is the only apparent cause of fever:
- Treat with the second-line oral antimalarial. (If no second-line antimalarial is available, refer to
PERSISTENT DIARRHOEA hospital.) Advise the mother to return again in 2 days if the fever persists.
- If fever has been present for 7 days, refer for assessment.
After 5 days:

Ask:
- Has the diarrhoea stopped?
- How many loose stools is the child having per day?
Treatment:
If the diarrhoea has not stopped (child is still having 3 or more loose stools per
day), do a full reassessment of the child. Give any treatment needed. Then refer to
hospital.
If the diarrhoea has stopped (child having less than 3 loose stools per day), tell the
mother to follow the usual feeding recommendations for the child’s age.
Tell the mother to continue giving multivitamin minerals supplement for two weeks.
FEVER-MALARIA UNLIKELY (Low Malaria Risk Area)
If fever persists after 2 days:
Do a full reassessment of the child. Assess for other causes of fever. > See ASSESS & CLASSIFY chart.
Treatment:
If the child has any general danger sign or stiff neck, treat as VERY SEVERE FEBRILE DISEASE.
If the child has any cause of fever other than malaria, provide treatment.
If malaria is the only apparent cause of fever:
- Treat with the first-line oral antimalarial. Advise the mother to return again in 2 days if the fever persists.
- If fever has been present for 7 days, refer for assessment.

EAR INFECTION FEVER-NO MALARIA (No Malaria Risk Area)

After 5 days:
If fever persists after 2 days:
Reassess for ear problem. > See ASSESS & CLASSIFY chart.
Measure the child’s temperature. Do a full reassessment of the child. Assess for other causes of fever. > See ASSESS & CLASSIFY chart.

Treatment:
If there is tender swelling behind the ear or high fever (38.5°C or above), refer
URGENTLY to hospital.
Acute ear infection: if ear pain or discharge persists, treat with 5 more days of the
same antibiotic. Continue wicking to dry the ear. Follow-up in 5 days.
Chronic ear infection: Check that the mother is wicking the ear correctly, encourage her
to continue. Check for compliance of treatment prescribed by the Ear Nose & Throat
specialist
If no ear pain or discharge, praise the mother for her careful treatment. If she has not
yet finished the 5 days of antibiotic, tell her to use all of it before stopping.
Treatment:
If the child has any general danger sign or stiff neck, treat as VERY SEVERE FEBRILE DISEASE.
If the child has any other cause of fever provide treatment.
Make sure that there has been no travel to malarious area. If this may have occurred treat with first line of
oral anti-malarial. Advise mother to return if the fever persists.
If fever has been present for 7 days, refer for assessment.
If no apparent cause of fever, advise mother to return again in 2 days if fever persists. Make sure the child
is given increased fluids and is eating.

15

PNEUMONIA, NO PNEUMONIA, WHEEZE DYSENTERY, PERSISTENT

DIARRHOEA, EAR INFECTION, MALARIA, FEVER,
FOLLOW-UP
 16

GIVE FOLLOW-UP CARE

Care for the child who returns for follow-up using all the boxes that match the child’s FEEDING PROBLEM
previous classifications.
After 5 days:
If the child has any new problem, assess, classify and treat the new problem as on the
Reassess feeding. > See questions at the top of the COUNSEL chart
ASSESS AND CLASSIFY chart. Ask about any feeding problems found on the initial visit.
Counsel the mother about any new or continuing feeding problems. If you counsel the
mother to make significant changes in feeding, ask her to bring the child back again.
MEASLES WITH EYE OR MOUTH COMPLICATIONS If the child is very low weight for age, ask the mother to return 30 days after the initial
visit to measure the child’s weight gain.
After 2 days:

Look for red eyes and pus draining from the eyes.
Look at mouth ulcers.
ANAEMIA
Smell the mouth.
After 14 days:
Give iron. Advise mother to return in 14 days for more iron.
Treatment for Eye Infection:
Continue giving iron every 14 days for 2 months.
If pus is draining from the eye, ask the mother to describe how she has treated the eye infection. If the child has palmar pallor after 2 months, refer for assessment.
If treatment has been correct, refer to hospital. If treatment has not been correct, teach mother correct
treatment.
VERY LOW WEIGHT
If the pus is gone but redness remains, continue the treatment. After 30 days:
If no pus or redness, stop the treatment.
Weigh the child and determine if the child is still very low weight for age.
Treatment for Mouth Ulcers: Reassess feeding. > See questions at the top of the COUNSEL chart
If mouth ulcers are worse, or there is a very foul smell from the mouth, refer to hospital.
Treatment:
If mouth ulcers are the same or better, continue using half-strength gentian violet (0.25 %) for a If the child is no longer very low weight for age, praise the mother and encourage her
to continue.
total of 5 days.
If the child is still very low weight for age, counsel the mother about any feeding
problem found. Ask the mother to return again in one month. Continue to see the child
MEASLES monthly until the child is feeding well and gaining weight regularly or is no longer very
low weight for age.
After 2 days:
Exception:
Do a full reassessment of the child. > See ASSESS & CLASSIFY chart. If you do not think that feeding will improve, or if the child has lost weight, refer the
Treatment: child.
If general danger sign or clouding of the cornea or deep extensive mouth ulcers or pneumonia,
treat as SEVERE COMPLICATED MEASLES.
IF ANY MORE FOLLOW-UP VISITS ARE NEEDED BASED ON THE
If pus draining from the eye or mouth ulcers, treat as MEASLES WITH EYE OR MOUTH INITIAL VISIT OR THIS VISIT,ADVISE THE MOTHER FOR THE
COMPLICATIONS.
NEXT FOLLOW-UP VISIT
If none of the above signs, advise the mother when to return immediately.
Follow up in two days if not improving. ALSO, ADVISE THE MOTHER WHEN TO RETURN IMMEDIATELY.
• If the child received already the dose of vitamin A in the previous visit, do not repeat. (SEE COUNSEL CHART.)
 COUNSEL THE MOTHER

FOOD
Assess the Child’s Feeding
Ask questions about the child’s usual feeding and feeding during this illness. Compare the mother’s answers to the Feeding Recommendations
for the child’s age in the box below.

ASK
Do you breastfeed your child?
- How many times during the day?
- Do you also breastfeed during the night?

Does the child take any other food or fluids?

- What food or fluids?
- How many times per day?
- What do you use to feed the child?
- If very low weight for age: How large are servings? Does the child receive his own serving? Who feeds the child and how?

During this illness, has the child’s feeding changed? If yes, how?

MEASELS 17
FEEDING PROBLEM ASSESS FEEDING
PALLOR, VERY LOW WEIGHT
COUNSEL
 18

Feeding Recommendations During Sickness and Health

Wash your hands before preparing the child’s food and use clean cooking utensils.

Up to 4 Months 4 Months up 6 Months 12 Months 2 Years

of Age to 6 Months up to up to and Older
12 Months 2 Years

• Breast feed as often as the child
wants, day and night, at least 8 times • Breastfeed as often as the child
in 24 hours.
• Breast feed at least for 10 minutes on
each breast every time
• Do not give other foods or fluids or
water.
• Do not use bottles or pacifiers
• Breastfeed as often as the child wants. • Breastfeed as often as the child
wants, day or night, at least 8 times in • Give adequate servings of:
24 hours.
• If the child:
- appears hungry after breastfeeding,
or
- shows interest in semisolid foods, or
- is not gaining weight adequately.
• Add complementary foods such as
- Suji Ki Kheer, Suji ka Halwa,
Khichri, Kheer, Sagodana, Mashed
Potato with butter, Mashed banana
with or without yoghurt, Biscuit or
Rusk Soaked in Milk,
(All food should be mashed, semi
solid form and smooth in
consistency)
• Give family foods at 3 meals each
wants. day. Also, twice daily, give nutritious
• Give adequate servings of: food between meals, such as:
Khichri*, Rice (Bhatt)* with seasonal Roti, Parattha, Khichri or Rice, Curry,
vegetables (Carrot, Spinach, Potatoes Minced Meat, Chicken, Egg, Seasonal fruit (Banana, Apple,
etc.), or Minced Meat. Rice Kheer, Suji Seasonal Vegetables, Choori, Mango, Orange etc.) Biscuit, Rusk,
ka Halwa or Kheer*, Dalia*, Vermicelli's, and/or any foods listed Chips, Pakora, Samosa, Lassi,
Vermicelli's*, Choori*, Mashed Potato for 6-12 months child Yoghurt, Bread with Eggs, Halwa etc.
or vegetables*, Egg, Banana, Seasonal • Give food at least 3 times per day
Fruit and any foods listed for 4 to 6 AND
month child. Give also snacks 2 times per day
(upto 9 months food should be between meals such as seasonal fruit
mashed) (Banana, Apple, Mango, Orange etc.)
Biscuit, Rusk, Chips, Pakora or
- 3 times per day if breastfed; Samosa, Lassi, Yoghurt, Bread with
- 5 times per day if not breastfed. Egg, Halwa etc.
- Each serving should be equivalent to OR
1/2-3/4 of a cup. Family foods 5 times per day.

Give these foods with cup/spoon, 1 or

2 times per day after breastfeeding.

* A good daily diet should be adequate in quantity and include an energy-rich food (for example, thick cereal with added oil / Ghee / Butter); meat, fish, eggs, or pulses; and fruits and vegetables.

Feeding Recommendations For a Child Who Has PERSISTENT DIARRHOEA

• If still breastfeeding, give more frequent, longer breastfeeds, day and night.
• If taking other milk:
- replace with increased breastfeeding OR
- replace with fermented milk products, such as yoghurt OR
- replace half the milk with nutrient-rich semisolid food.
• For other foods, follow feeding recommendations for the child’s age.
Counsel the Mother About Feeding Problems
If the child is not being fed as described in the above recommendations, counsel the mother accordingly. In addition:

If the mother reports difficulty with breastfeeding, assess breastfeeding. (See YOUNG INFANT chart.)
As needed, show the mother correct positioning and attachment for breastfeeding.
If the child is less than 4 months old and is taking other milk or foods OR:
If the mother thinks she does not have enough milk:
- Build mother’s confidence that she can produce all the breast milk that the child needs.
- Suggest giving more frequent, longer breastfeeds day or night, and gradually reducing other milk or foods.

If other milk needs to be continued, counsel the mother to:

- Breastfeed as much as possible, including at night.
- Make sure that other milk is a locally appropriate breast milk substitute.
- Make sure other milk is correctly and hygienically prepared and given in adequate amounts.
- Prepare only an amount of milk which child can consume within one hour. If their is some left over milk, discard.
If the mother is using a bottle to feed the child:
- Recommend substituting a cup for bottle.
- Show the mother how to feed the child with a cup.
If the child is being fed too small amounts
- Recommend increasing the frequency and portion size for each meal day by day, until recommended portion size achieved.
- Recommend that the mother encourages the child to eat more.
If the child is not being fed actively, counsel the mother to:
- Sit with the child and encourage eating.
- Give the child an adequate serving in a separate plate or bowl.
- Observe what the child likes and consider these for preparing the food.(consider energy rich, high density food).
If the child is not feeding well during illness, counsel the mother to:
- Breastfeed more frequently and for longer if possible.
- Use soft, varied, appetizing, favorite foods to encourage the child to eat as much as possible, and offer frequent small feedings.
- Add oil/ghee/butter to prepare foods. Also give green leafy and yellow vegetables and fruits to the child.
- Clear a blocked nose if it interferes with feeding.
- Expect that appetite will improve as child gets better.
- Give expressed breast milk if necessary.
Follow-up any feeding problem in 5 days.
Advise mother not to give her child, harmful, contaminated and unhygienicaly prepared junk foods from vendors e.g. kulfi, ice cream, sodas/
sherbet/drinks etc., paparrs, pakoras, samosas, nimkos etc.

19
FEEDING RECOMMENDATIONS
FEEDING PROBLEMS
 20

FLUID AND FOOD

Advise the Mother to Increase Fluid and Continue Feeding During Illness
FOR ANY SICK CHILD:

Breastfeed more frequently and for longer at each feed.

Increase fluid. For example, give soup, rice water, yoghurt drinks or clean water.
Give small frequent meals of energy rich food.

FOR CHILD WITH DIARRHOEA:

Giving extra fluid can be lifesaving. Give fluid according to Plan A or Plan B on TREAT THE CHILD chart.

WHEN TO RETURN
Advise the Mother When to Return to Health Worker
FOLLOW-UP VISIT
Advise the mother to come for follow-up at the earliest time listed for
the child’s problems.

If the child has: Return for

follow-up in:

PNEUMONIA
NO PNEUMONIA WITH WHEEZE
DYSENTERY 2 days
MALARIA, if fever persists
FEVER-MALARIA UNLIKELY, if fever persists
FEVER- NO MALARIA , if fever persists
MEASLES WITH EYE OR MOUTH COMPLICATIONS

PERSISTENT DIARRHOEA
WHEN TO RETURN IMMEDIATELY
ACUTE EAR INFECTION
CHRONIC EAR INFECTION 5 days Advise mother to return immediately if the child has any of these signs:
FEEDING PROBLEM
ANY OTHER ILLNESS, if not improving Any sick child • Not able to drink or breastfeed
ANAEMIA 14 days • Becomes sicker
• Develops a fever
VERY LOW WEIGHT FOR AGE 30 days
NEXT WELL-CHILD If child has NO PNEUMONIA: • Fast breathing
VISIT COUGH OR COLD, also return if: • Difficult breathing
Advise mother when to return for next immunization according to If child has Diarrhoea, also return if: • Blood in stool
immunization schedule. • Drinking poorly
Counsel the Mother About Her Own Health
If the mother is sick, provide care for her, or refer her for help.

If she has a breast problem (such as engorgement, sore nipples, breast infection), provide care for her or refer her for help.

Advise her to eat well to keep up her own strength and health.

Check the mother’s immunization status and give her tetanus toxoid if needed.

Make sure she has access to:

- Family planning

- Counseling on STD and AIDS prevention

21

FLUID
WHEN TO RETURN
MOTHER’S HEALTH
 22

ASSESS, CLASSIFY AND TREAT THE SICK YOUNG INFANT

AGE LESS THEN 2 MONTHS
ASSESS CLASSIFY IDENTIFY TREATMENT
ASK THE MOTHER WHAT THE YOUNG INFANT’S PROBLEMS ARE USE ALL BOXES THAT MATCH INFANT’S SYMPTOMS
• Determine if this is an initial or follow-up visit for this problem. AND PROBLEMS TO CLASSIFY THE ILLNESS.
- if follow-up visit, use the follow-up instructions on the FOLLOW-UP chart.
- if initial visit, assess the young infant as follows:

SIGNS CLASSIFY AS TREATMENT

CHECK FOR POSSIBLE INFECTION (Urgent pre-referral treatments are in bold

• Convulsions or Treat convulsions if present now.

ASK: `LOOK, LISTEN, FEEL: Classify • Not able to feed or Give first dose of Intramuscular
• See if the infant is ALL • Vomiting every thing or antibiotics.
• Treat to prevent low blood sugar.
• Has the young convulsing now YOUNG
Fast breathing (60 breaths per minute or more) or

}
• Advise mother how to keep the infant
infant had • Count the breaths in one minute. YOUNG Slow breathing or apnoea (20 breaths per minute or less) or
warm on the way to the hospital.
convulsions? Repeat the count if elevated. INFANT INFANTS • Severe chest indrawing or POSSIBLE Refer URGENTLY to hospital.**
MUST BE • Nasal flaring or
• Is the young infant • Look for severe chest indrawing. SERIOUS
CALM • Grunting or BACTERIAL
vomiting • Look for nasal flaring. • Lethargic or unconscious or INFECTION
everything? • Look and listen for grunting. • Less than normal movement.or AND / OR
• Is the young infant • Bulging fontanelle or
not able to feed • See if the young infant is lethargic or unconscious.
• Many or severe skin pustules or
• Look at the young infant’s movements.
• Umbilical redness extending to the skin or
Are they less than normal? • Fever (37.5°C* or above or feels hot) or low body
• Look and feel for bulging fontanelle. temperature (less than 35.5°C*) or feels cold
• Look for pus discharge.from eyes AND / OR .....................
• Look at the umbilicus. Is it red or draining pus? ...................................................................................... ..............................................................
Does the redness extend to the skin?
• Look for skin pustules. Are there many or severe • Muscular stiffness or spasm. POSSIBLE Give rectal Diazepam.
NEONATAL Treat to prevent low blood sugar.
pustules? TETANUS Refer URGENTLY to hospital.**
• Look and feel for the muscular stiffness or spasm.
• Measure temperature (or feel for fever or low body • Red umbilicus or draining pus or Give an appropriate local antibiotic for eye
temperature). • Skin pustules or LOCAL infection.
• Pus discharge.from the eyes BACTERIAL Appropriate local antiseptic for skin
INFECTION infection.
AND / OR Teach the mother to treat local infections
EYE at home.
INFECTION Advise mother to give home care for the
young infant.
Follow-up in 2 days.

•None of the above mentioned signs present BACTERIAL Advise mother to give home care for
INFECTION young infant.
THEN CHECK FOR JAUNDICE UNLIKELY

• Birth weight < 1.5 kg and jaundice OR Treat to prevent low blood sugar.
Classify Advise the mother how to keep the
ASK LOOK • Birth Weight 1.5 to <2.5 kg and jaundice extending up to SIGNIFICANT
JAUNDICE young infant warm on the way to the
arms and legs OR JAUNDICE
hospital.
• Birth Weight > 2.5 kg and jaundice extending up to hands
• Is there any jaundice : • Look for jaundice : Refer URGENTLY to hospital.
and feet.
extending up to hands and feet?
extending up to arms and legs only? • Jaundice not classified as significant jaundice. NOT Advise the mother to breastfeed as often
SIGNIFICANT and for as long as the infant wants, day
jaundice but not extending up to arms and legs?
JAUNDICE and night.
• Determine birth weight for baby less then 7 days Follow-up in 2 days, if not improving

• No jaundice present NO No additional treatment

THEN ASK: Two of the following signs: If infant does not have POSSIBLE
SERIOUS BACTERIAL INFECTION:
Does the young infant have diarrhoea? • Lethargic or unconscious OR POSSIBLE NEONATAL TETANUS
OR SIGNIFICANT JAUNDICE
• Sunken eyes
- Give fluid for severe dehydration
• Skin pinch goes back very
SEVERE (Plan C). OR
slowly.
DEHYDRATION If infant also has POSSIBLE SERIOUS
BACTERIAL INFECTION:
IF YES, ASK: LOOK AND FEEL: OR POSSIBLE NEONATAL TETANUS
for OR SIGNIFICANT JAUNDICE
DEHYDRATION - Refer URGENTLY to hospital with
• For how long? • Look at the young infant’s general
mother giving frequent sips of ORS
condition. Is the infant:
• Is there blood in on the way. Advise mother to
Lethargic or unconscious?
the stool? continue breastfeeding.
Restless and irritable?

• Look for sunken eyes. Two of the following signs: Give fluid and food for some dehydration
(Plan B).
• Pinch the skin of the abdomen. • Restless, irritable If infant also has POSSIBLE SERIOUS
BACTERIAL INFECTION:
Does it go back: • Sunken eyes
OR POSSIBLE NEONATAL TETANUS
Very slowly (longer than 2 seconds)? Classify • Skin pinch goes back SOME
Slowly? DEHYDRATION OR SIGNIFICANT JAUNDICE
DIARRHOEA slowly.
- Refer URGENTLY to hospital
with mother giving frequent sips of
ORS on the way.
- Advise mother to continue
breastfeeding.
Advise mother when to return
immediately.

• Not enough signs to Give fluids to treat diarrhoea at home

classify as some or NO DEHYDRATION (Plan A).
severe dehydration. Advise mother when to return
immediately.
Follow-up in two days.

• Diarrhoea lasting 14 If the young infant is dehydrated, treat

and if diarrhoea days or more. SEVERE dehydration before referral unless the
14 days or more PERSISTENT infant has also POSSIBLE SERIOUS
DIARRHOEA BACTERIAL INFECTION.OR POSSIBLE
NEONATAL TETANUS OR
SIGNIFICANT JAUNDICE
Refer to hospital.

and if blood in • Blood in the stool. Treat to prevent low blood sugar
stool BLOOD IN STOOL Advise mother how to keep the infant
warm on the way to hospital
Refer URGENTLY to hospital

* These thresholds are based on axillary temperature.

** If referral is not possible, see Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, Treat the Child, Annex: “Where Referral Is Not Possible.”

23
BACTERIAL INFECTION
DIARRHOEA
ASSESS AND CLASSIFY
 24

THEN CHECK FOR FEEDING PROBLEM OR LOW BIRTH WEIGHT OR LOW WEIGHT:
• Not able to feed or Give first dose of Intramuscular antibiotics.
ASK: LOOK, FEEL: Classify
• Is there any difficulty feeding? • Determine weight for age. • No attachment at all or
Treat to prevent low blood sugar.
• Is the infant breastfed? If yes, • For baby less then 7 days age determine
FEEDING NOT ABLE TO
FEED - Advise the mother how to keep the young
how many times in 24 hours? birth weight • Not suckling at all.or
POSSIBLE infant warm on the way to the hospital.
• Does the infant usually receive
• Birth weight <1.5 kg SERIOUS
any other foods or drinks? Refer URGENTLY to hospital.
BACTERIAL
If yes, how often?
INFECTION
• What do you use to feed the infant?
AND / OR
VERY LOW
IF AN INFANT: Has any difficulty feeding, BIRTH WEIGHT
Is breastfeeding less than 8 times in 24 hours,
Is taking any other foods or drinks, or
Is low weight for age,or
Is low birth weight
AND
Has no indications to refer urgently to hospital:
..................................................................................................................................................... • Poor positioning or Advise the mother to breastfeed as often and for
ASSESS BREASTFEEDING: as long as the infant wants, day and night.
• Not well attached to breast or
• If not well attached or not suckling effectively,
• Has the infant If the infant has not fed in the previous hour, ask the mother to put her
• Not suckling effectively or teach correct positioning and attachment.
breastfed in the infant to the breast. Observe the breastfeed for 4 minutes. • If breastfeeding less than 8 times in 24 hours,
previous hour? (If the infant was fed during the last hour, ask the mother if she can • Less than 8 breastfeeds in advise to increase frequency of feeding.
wait and tell you when the infant is willing to feed again.) 24 hours or
• Is the infant position correct? If receiving other foods or drinks, counsel mother
Poor positioning good positioning • Receives other foods or drinks FEEDING about breastfeeding more, reducing other foods
or PROBLEM or drinks, and using a cup.
TO CHECK POSITIONING, LOOK FOR: AND / OR
• Low weight for age or • If not breastfeeding at all:
- Infant’s head and body straight LOW WEIGHT
- Infant facing the breast with his nose opposite the nipple - Refer for breastfeeding counselling and
AND / OR possible relactation.
- Infant’s body close to mother’s body • Birth weight 1.5 to < 2.5 kg or
LOW BIRTH - Advise about correctly preparing breast milk
- Infant’s whole body supported not just neck and shoulders
• Thrush (ulcers or white patches
WEIGHT substitutes and using a cup.
(All of these signs should be present if the positioning is good.)
in mouth) AND / OR
THRUSH If thrush, teach the mother to treat thrush at
• Is the infant able to attach? home.
no attachment at all not well attached good attachment
Advise mother to give home care for the young
infant.

TO CHECK ATTACHMENT, LOOK FOR: Follow-up any feeding problem or thrush in

- Chin touching breast 2 days.
- Mouth wide open
- Lower lip turned outward Follow-up low weight for age or low birth weight
- More areola visible above than below the mouth in one week.
(All of these signs should be present if the attachment is
good.)

• Is the infant suckling effectively (that is, slow deep sucks, sometimes
pausing)? • Not low weight for age or no low NO FEEDING Advise mother to give home care for the young
birth weight and no other signs infant.
not suckling at all not suckling effectively suckling effectively PROBLEM Praise the mother for feeding the infant well.
of inadequate feeding.
Clear a blocked nose if it interferes with breastfeeding.
•Look for ulcers or white patches in the mouth. (thrush)
THEN CHECK THE YOUNG INFANT’S IMMUNIZATION STATUS:
AGE VACCINE

Birth BCG OPV-0

IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE: 6 weeks DPT-1 OPV-1
10 weeks DPT-2 OPV-2

ASSESS OTHER PROBLEMS

25

FEEDING PROBLEMS
 26

TREAT THE YOUNG INFANT AND COUNSEL THE M0THER

TO TREAT CONVULSIONS, SEE TREAT THE CHILD CHART

Give First Dose of Intramuscular Antibiotics

Give first dose of both benzylpenicillin and gentamicin Intramuscular.

GENTAMICIN BENZYLPENICILLIN
Dose: 2.5 mg per kg Dose: 50 000 units per kg
Undiluted 2 ml vial Add 6 ml sterile water to 2 ml To a vial of 600 mg (1 000 000 units):
WEIGHT containing OR vial containing Add 2.1 ml sterile water = OR Add 3.6 ml sterile water =
20 mg = 2 ml at 10 mg/ml 80 mg* = 8 ml at 10 mg/ml 2.5 ml at 400 000 units/ml 4.0 ml at 250 000 units/ml
Up to 1 kg 0.25 ml* 0.1 ml 0.2 ml

>1-2 kg 0.50 ml* 0.2 ml 0.4 ml

>2-3 kg 0.75 ml* 0.4 ml 0.6 ml

>3-4 kg 1.00 ml* 0.5 ml 0.8 ml

>4-5 kg 1.25 ml* 0.6 ml 1.0 ml

* Avoid using undiluted 40 mg/ml gentamicin. The dose is 1/4 of that listed.

Referral is the best option for a young infant classified with POSSIBLE SERIOUS BACTERIAL INFECTION. If referral is not
possible, give benzylpenicillin and gentamicin for at least 5 days. Give benzylpenicillin every 6 hours plus gentamicin every 8 hours.
For infants in the first week of life, give gentamicin every 12 hours.
TREAT THE YOUNG INFANT AND COUNSEL THE MOTHER

To Treat Diarrhoea, See TREAT THE CHILD Chart.

Immunize Every Sick Young Infant, as Needed.

Teach the Mother to Treat Local Infections at Home

Explain how the treatment is given.
Watch her as she does the first treatment in the clinic.
Tell her to do the treatment twice daily. She should return to the clinic if the infection worsens.

To Treat Skin Pustules or Umbilical Infection To Treat Thrush (ulcers or white patches in mouth)

The mother should: The mother should:

Wash hands Wash hands
Gently wash off pus and crusts with soap and water Wash mouth with clean soft cloth wrapped around the finger
Dry the area and wet with salt water
Paint with gentian violet Paint the mouth with half-strength gentian violet (0.25 %)
Wash hands Wash hands

To Treat Eye Infection, See Treat the Child Chart

27

27
ANTIBIOTICS
LOCAL INFECTIONS

TREAT AND COUNSEL

 28

TREAT THE YOUNG INFANT AND COUNSEL THE MOTHER

Teach Correct Positioning and Attachment for Breastfeeding
Show the mother how to hold her infant
- with the infant’s head and body straight
- facing her breast, with infant’s nose opposite her nipple
- with infant’s body close to her body
- supporting infant’s whole body, not just neck and shoulders.

Show her how to help the infant to attach. She should:

- touch her infant’s lips with her nipple
- wait until her infant’s mouth is opening wide
- move her infant quickly onto her breast, aiming the infant’s lower lip well below the nipple.

Look for signs of good attachment and effective suckling. If the attachment or suckling is not good, try again.

Advise Mother to Give Home Care for the Young Infant

FOOD

FLUIDS } Breastfeed frequently, as often and for as long as the infant

wants, day or night, during sickness and health.

WHEN TO RETURN

Follow-up Visit When to Return Immediately:

If the infant has:
LOCAL BACTERIAL INFECTION
DIARRHOEA
ANY FEEDING PROBLEM
Return for follow-up in: Advise the mother to return immediately if the
young infant has any of these signs:
2 days

LOW WEIGHT FOR AGE 1 week

MAKE SURE THE YOUNG INFANT STAYS WARM AT ALL TIMES.

- In cool weather, cover the infant’s head and feet and dress the infant with
extra clothing.
GIVE FOLLOW-UP CARE FOR THE SICK YOUNG INFANT
LOCAL BACTERIAL INFECTION
After 2 days:
Look at the umbilicus. Is it red or draining pus? Does redness extend to the skin?
Look at the skin pustules. Are there many or severe pustules?
Look in the eyes for redness and purulent discharge

Treatment:

If pus or redness remains or is worse, refer to hospital.

If pus and redness are improved, tell the mother to continue giving the 5 days of local antibiotic or local antiseptic and continue treating the local
infection at home.

DIARRHOEA
After 2 days:
Assess the young infant for diarrhoea. > See “Does the Young Infant Have Diarrhoea?”.
Ask:
- Are there fewer stools?
- Is there blood in the stool?
- Is the young infant feeding better?
- Has fever developed?

Treatment:

If the child is dehydrated, treat dehydration.

If number of stools and feeding are the same or worse, or blood in stools or severe dehydration or fever develops, refer
to hospital. If fever, give first dose of Intramuscular antibiotics before referral.

If fewer stools, no blood in the stools, no dehydration and feeding better, continue giving the same management until better.

29

LOCAL INFECTIONS
BREASTFEEDING DIARRHOEA
HOME CARE
FOLLOW-UP
 30

GIVE FOLLOW-UP CARE FOR THE SICK YOUNG INFANT

FEEDING PROBLEM
After 2 days:
Reassess feeding. > See “Then Check for Feeding Problem or low birth weight or Low Weight” above.
Ask about any feeding problems found on the initial visit.

Counsel the mother about any new or continuing feeding problems. If you counsel the mother to make significant changes in feeding,
ask her to bring the young infant back again.

If the young infant is low weight for age, or low birth weight or ask the mother to return in one week after the initial visit to measure the
young infant’s weight gain.

Exception:
If you do not think that feeding will improve, or if the young infant has lost weight, refer the child.

LOW WEIGHT , LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

After 1 week:
Weigh the young infant and determine if the infant is still low weight for age.
Reassess feeding. > See “Then Check for Feeding Problem or low birth weight or Low Weight” above.

If the infant is no longer low weight for age, praise the mother and encourage her to continue.

If the infant is still low weight for age, but is feeding well, praise the mother. Ask her to have her infant weighed again within a
month or when she returns for immunization.

If the infant is still low weight for age and still has a feeding problem, counsel the mother about the feeding problem. Ask the
mother to return again in one week (or when she returns for immunization, if this is within 1 week). Continue to see the young infant
every few weeks until the infant is feeding well and gaining weight regularly or is no longer low weight for age.

Exception:
If you do not think that feeding will improve, or if the young infant has lost weight, refer to hospital.

THRUSH
After 2 days:
Look for ulcers or white patches in the mouth (thrush).
Reassess feeding. > See “Then Check for Feeding Problem or low birth weight or Low Weight” above.

If thrush is worse, or the infant has problems with attachment or suckling, refer to hospital.

If thrush is the same or better, and if the infant is feeding well, continue half-strength gentian violet for a total of 5 days.
I.D-No__________________.

MANAGEMENT OF THE SICK YOUNG INFANT AGE LESS THEN 2 MONTHS

Name: __________________________________ Age: _________ days Present weight: ______ kg Birth weight _______ kg (for baby less then 7 days, if birth weight not known use present weight as birth
weight)

Temperature: ________°C _______ °F

ASK: What are the infant’s problems? ___________________________________________________ Initial visit? ___ Follow-up Visit? ___

CHECK FOR POSSIBLE INFECTION

• Has the infant had convulsions? • Convulsing now

• Is the young infant vomiting every thing? • Count the breaths in one minute. _______ breaths per minute
• Is the young infant not able to feed? Repeat if 60 or more _______
Fast breathing? Slow breathing? Apnoea?

• Look for severe chest indrawing.

• Look for nasal flaring.
• Look and listen for grunting.
• See if young infant is lethargic or unconscious.
• Look at young infant’s movements. Less than normal?
• Look for pus discharge from eyes
• Look at umbilicus. Is it red or draining pus?
Does the redness extend to the skin?
• Look for skin pustules. Are there many or severe pustules?
• Look and feel for bulging fontanelle.
• Look and feel for muscular stiffness or spasm
• Fever (temperature 37.5°C or feels hot) or low body temperature
(below 35.5°C or feels cool)

CHECK FOR JAUNDICE

• Does the young infant has Jaundice
DOES THE YOUNG INFANT HAVE
DIARRHOEA?
• For how long? _______ Days
• Is there blood in the stools?
• See if the jaundice is extended to hands and feet
• See if the jaundice is extended to arms and legs only
• See if young infant has jaundice but not extended to arms and legs
Yes _____ No ______
• Look at the young infant’s general condition. Is the infant:
Lethargic or unconscious?
Restless or irritable?

• Look for sunken eyes.

• Pinch the skin of the abdomen. Does it go back:

Very slowly (longer than 2 seconds)?
Slowly?

31
 32

ASSESS (Circle all signs present) CLASSIFY TREAT

THEN CHECK FOR FEEDING PROBLEM, LOW WEIGHT, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

• Is there any difficulty feeding? • Determine weight for age.

Yes _____ No _____ Low _____ Not Low _____
• Is the infant breastfed? • Determine birth weight (if less then 7 days old)
Yes _____ No _____ very Low ________ Low _________ not low ________
If Yes, how many times in 24 (<1.5 kg.) (1.5 to <2.5 kg ) (2.5 kg or more)
hours? ______ times
• Does the infant usually receive any
other foods or drinks?
Yes _____ No _____
If Yes, how often?
• What do you use to feed the child?
• Reduced feeding during illness
Yes _____ No _____

If the infant has any difficulty feeding.

Is feeding less than 8 times in 24 hours.
Is taking any other food or drinks, or
Is low weight for age, or
Low birth weight (1.5 < 2.5 kg), or less then 7 days
AND
Has no indications to refer urgently to hospital: assess breastfeeding
.........................................................................................................................................................................................

ASSESS BREASTFEEDING:
• Has the infant breastfed in the If infant has not fed in the previous hour, ask the mother to put her infant to the
previous hour? breast. Observe the breastfeed for 4 minutes.
• Is infant’s position correct? look for :
- Infant’s head and body straight Yes ___ No ___
- infant facing the breast with his nose opposite the nipple
Yes ___ No ___
- Infant’s body close to mother’s body Yes ___ No ___
infant's whole body supported Yes ___ No ___
Poor positioning Good positioning
• Is the infant able to attach? To check attachment, look for:
- Chin touching breast Yes ___ No ___
- Mouth wide open Yes ___ No ___
- Lower lip turned outward Yes ___ No ___
- More areola above than
below the mouth Yes ___ No ___
not attached at all not well attached good attachment
• Is the infant suckling effectively (that is, slow deep sucks, sometimes
pausing)?
not suckling at all not suckling effectively suckling effectively
• Look for ulcers or white patches in the mouth (thrush).

CHECK THE YOUNG INFANT’S IMMUNIZATION STATUS Circle immunizations needed today. Return for next immunization on: Immunization to given today
______ ______ ______
BCG DPT1 DPT2 ______________ ______________
______ ______ ______ (Date)
OPV 0 OPV 1 OPV 2

ASSESS OTHER PROBLEMS

Advice mother when to return immediately

Return for follow-up in ......................... days
I.D-No__________________.

MANAGEMENT OF THE SICK CHILD AGE 2 MONTHS UP TO 5 YEARS

Name: ___________________________________________ Age: _____________ months Weight: __________ kg Temperature: ______°C ______ °F

ASK: What are the child’s problems? ___________________________________________________ Initial visit? ___ Follow-up Visit? ___

ASSESS (Circle all signs present) CLASSIFY TREAT

CHECK FOR GENERAL DANGER SIGNS

• NOT ABLE TO DRINK OR BREASTFEED • LETHARGIC OR UNCONSCIOUS
• VOMITS EVERYTHING • CONVULSING NOW
ANY DANGER SIGN PRESENT
DOES THE CHILD HAVE COUGH OR DIFFICULT BREATHING? Yes___ No___

• For how long? ____ Days • Count the breaths in one minute.(child must be calm)
_______ breaths per minute. Fast breathing?
• Look for chest indrawing.
• Look and listen for stridor.
• Look and listen for wheeze

DOES THE CHILD HAVE DIARRHOEA? Yes ___ No ___

• For how long? _____ Days • Look at the child’s general condition.Is the child:
• Is there blood in the stools? Lethargic or unconscious?
Restless or irritable?
• Look for sunken eyes.
• Offer the child fluid. Is the child: .................................................................
Not able to drink or drinking poorly?
Drinking eargerly, thirsty?
• Pinch the skin of the abdomen. Does it go back: .................................................................
Very slowly (longer than 2 seconds)?
Slowly?

DOES THE CHILD HAVE THROAT PROBLEM: Yes___ No___

• Does the child have sore throat? • Fever (temperature 37.5°C or above).
• Is the child not able to drink? • Feel for tender enlarged lymph nodes on the neck.
• Does the child have fever? • Look for red, enlarged tonsils.
• Look for white exudate on the throat.
DOES THE CHILD HAVE AN EAR PROBLEM? Yes___ No___
· Is there severe ear pain? • Look for pus draining from the ear.
· Is there ear discharge? • Feel for tender swelling behind the ear.
If Yes, for how long? ___ Days

DOES THE CHILD HAVE FEVER? (by history/feels hot/temperature 37.5°C or above) Yes___ No___
Decide Malaria Risk: High, Low, or No Malaria Risk
If low or no then ask:
• Has the child travelled to high or low malaria risk area in the last one
month Yes No (if yes: use relevant malaria risk area)
• Fever for how long? _____ Days • Look or feel for stiff neck.
• If more than 7 days, has fever been • Look for runny nose.
present every day?
• Has child had measles within Look for signs of MEASLES:
the last three months? • Generalized rash of measles AND
• One of these: cough, runny nose, or red eyes.
................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... .................................................................

If the child has measles now • Look for mouth ulcers.

or within the last 3 months: If Yes, are they deep and extensive?
• Look for pus draining from the eye.
• Look for clouding of the cornea.

33
 34

Remember to refer any child who has danger sign or severe classification
ASSESS (Circle all signs present) CLASSIFY TREAT
THEN CHECK FOR MALNUTRITION
• Look for visible severe wasting.
• Look and feel for oedema of both feet.
• Determine weight for age. Very Low ___ Not Very Low ___

THEN CHECK FOR ANAEMIA

• Look for palmar pallor.

Severe palmar pallor?
Some palmar pallor?
CHECK THE CHILD’S IMMUNIZATION STATUS Circle immunizations needed today.
Return for next immunization on: Immunization to be given today?
______ ______ ______ ______
BCG DPT1 DPT2 DPT3

______ ______ ______ ______ _______ ________________

OPV 0 OPV 1 OPV 2 OPV 3 Measles (Date) _______________________

FOR CHILDREN 6 MONTHS OR ABOVE Vitamin-A to be given today?

CHECK THE CHILD’S VITAMIN A Has the child received vitamin A in the last 6 months Vitamin-A needed Yes____ No_____
SUPPLEMENTATION STATUS Yes ___No ___ Yes —— No——-

FOR CHILDREN 2 YEARS OR ABOVE Pyrental Pamoate needed Pyrantel Pamoate to be given today?
CHECK THE CHILD’S DEWORMING STATUS Has the child received pyrantel pamoate in the last 6 months Yes —— No——- Yes____ No_____
Yes ___No ___

ASSESS CHILD’S FEEDING if child has ANAEMIA OR VERY LOW WEIGHT or is less than 2 years old.
FEEDING PROBLEMS FEEDING ADVICE

• Do you breastfeed your child? Yes____ No ____

If Yes, how many times in 24 hours? ___ times.
Do you breastfeed during the night? Yes____ No ____

• Does the child take any other food or fluids? Yes____ No ____
If Yes, what food or fluids?
___________________________________________________________________________________

How many times per day? ___ times. What do you use to feed the child? _____________________

• If very low weght for age: How large are servings?

___________________________________________________________________________________

Does the child receive his/her own servings? ___ Who feeds the child and how? __________________

• During the illness, has the child’s feeding changed? Yes ____ No ____
If Yes, how? ________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

ASSESS OTHER PROBLEMS

Advice mother when to return immediately

Return for follow-up in ......................... days
 Malaria Risk Areas (Districts)
Temperature
High Malaria Risk Low Malaria Risk No Malaria Risk
Conversion Table
°C / °F
°F to °C
0 = -17.7
95 = 35.0
97 = 36.1
98 = 36.6
98.6 = 37.0
99 = 37.2
100 = 37.7
101 = 38.3
102 = 38.8
103 = 39.4

NOTES
104 = 40.0
105 = 40.5
106 = 41.1

35