THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

AERO3110 AEROSPACE DESIGN

SYSTEMS ASSIGNMENT Issued: Due: Wednesday, 11 September 2013 Wednesday, 23 October 2013 4:00 PM

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A REGIONAL TRANSPORT

Introduction It is the responsibility of the aircraft designer to provide a satisfactory cabin environment for crew, passengers and freight. For many aircraft this involves the provision of a pressurised cabin in which the pressure, temperature, humidity and air quality is controlled. The air used to control the cabin environment is compressed air drawn as bleed air from an engine compressor. This air is then conditioned and fed to the cabin. The temperature is controlled through a 'bootstrap' reverse heat engine cycle. Cabin pressure is controlled by releasing air from the cabin through a pressure control valve. Design Requirements A system should be designed to control cabin temperature and pressure in straight and level flight at sea level, 16,400 ft (5 km) and 32,800 ft (10 km). The bleed air split into the flows through the 'bootstrap' and choke, where choke can be adjusted to provide the required cabin temperature. Assume adiabatic efficiency is 100%. Take M 0 at sea level and M = 0.8 at both 5 km and 10 km altitudes. Be aware of icing potential of the airflow in the bootstrap cycle. Evaluate the power transfer between the turbine and compressor of the bootstrap. Aircraft Data Passengers and crew heat generation Solar Radiation Conduction through walls Flow of air requirement Cabin temperature required Max. aircraft altitude Max. cabin altitude Window effective area (total) Wall surface area Number of passengers and crew Electronics and electrical heat generation Ignore pressure drop in system. For normal cruise condition: Bleed air mass flow rate Temperature, pressure of bleed air 0.40 kg s-1 455 K, 177 kPa abs 120 W per person 1.0 kW m- (windows only) 1.4 W m- K-1 0.4 kg min-1 per person 20C 32,800 ft (10 km) 6,560 ft (2 km) 4.0 m 3 m per person 60 6 kW

Ignore any altitude effects on bleed air conditions. Design Notes and Hints (i) (ii) It is usual for pressure to be controlled by release of air from the cabin through a differential valve. Assume pressure difference between cabin pressure and external pressure is a linear function with a maximum at 10,000 m (32,800 ft) and zero at sea level. Standard atmospheric ambient pressure ratio, and temperature ratio, at 0, 2, 5 and 10 km altitude are given by: Altitude Ambient Km ft (iii) (iv) 0 0 1.0 1.0 2 6,560 0.785 0.955 5 16,400 0.529 0.887 10 32,800 0.260 0.767

Ignore the effect of climb/descent. Take minimum HX outlet temperature as flight stagnation temperature.

Submission Format Page 1 Page 2 Standard cover sheet Only final values of pressures, temperatures, mass flows, work rates etc. for all three altitudes

Pages 3 on All calculations, assumptions and comments (if any).

Z. Vulovic 10 September 2013