DIVISION ACADEMIC YEAR SEMESTER COURSE PAPER TITLE PROGRAMME & YEAR

TIME ALLOWED TOTAL MARKS MINIMUM MARKS CANDIDATE INSTRUCTIONS

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 2009 1

EE211 ELECTRICAL MACHINES

BETech : 2nd YEAR
THREE HOURS (and 10 minutes reading time) 100 (Weighting = 50%) 40/100

1. Answer any five (5) out of six (6) questions. If all questions or parts of all questions are answered then only first five questions will be marked. 2. Each question is worth 20 marks. 3. Where applicable, STATE ALL ASSUMPTIONS WITH CLEAR JUSTIFICATIONS. 4. Only NONPROGRAMMABLE permitted. CALCULATORS are

5. Students are NOT permitted to look at the examination paper until instructed to do so by the Chief Invigilator.

EE211 Electrical Machines, 2009

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QUESTION 1

(10+10 = 20 marks)

a) Figure 1 shows a simplified rotor and stator for a dc motor. The mean path length of the stator is 50 cm, and its cross-section area is 12 cm2. The mean path length of the rotor is 5 cm, and its cross-section area also may be assumed to be 12 cm2. Each air gap between the rotor and the stator is 0.05 cm wide, and the crosssection area of each air gap (including fringing effect) is 15 cm2. The iron of the core has a relative permeability of 2500, and there are 200 turns of wire on the core.
i

A = 12 cm2 N =200 turns

Lr = 5cm Lc = 50cm Lg = 0.05cm

Figure 1 System for Question 1a

i) Sketch the equivalent magnetic circuit (fully labelled) for the above system. ii) What is the total reluctance of this system? iii) If the current in the wire is adjusted to be 1A, what is the total flux flowing through the core? iv) What is the resulting flux density in the air gaps? (2+4+2+2 = 10 marks) b) A 3-phase, 480V, 50 hp, 60Hz, 4-pole induction machine delivers rated output power at a slip of 5%. Determine the: i) ii) iii) iv) v) Synchronous speed and motor speed Speed of the rotating air gap field Frequency of voltage that is induced in the rotor circuit. Slip speed Speed of the rotor field relative to the a. Rotor structure b. Stator structure c. Stator rotating field vi) Per-phase induced voltage in the rotor at the operating speed if stator-torotor turns ratio is 1:0.5. (2+1+1+1+3+2 = 10 marks)

EE211 Electrical Machines, 2009

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QUESTION 2 a) An Electrical Engineer makes the following statement:

(4+16 = 20 marks)

An induction motor can speed up to near synchronous speed but it can never reach synchronous speed Explain in detail (with use of proper diagrams) why the above statement is true. (4 marks) b) A single-phase power system consists of a 240V, 50Hz generator supplying a load Zload = 4 + j3 through a transmission line of impedance Zline = 0.20 + j0.25 . i) If the power system is exactly as described (Figure 2a below), a. What will the voltage at the load be? b. What will the transmission line losses be? ii) Suppose an ideal 1:30 step-up transformer is placed at the generator end of the transmission line and an ideal 30:1 step-down transformer is placed at the load end of the line (Figure 2b). a. What will the load voltage be now? b. What will the transmission line losses be now? (2+1+12+1 = 16 marks)
I line
0.20
Z line

j 0.25

IG
V = 240 0 0 V

I load

Vload

Z load 4 + j 3

(a)

T1 1 : 30
IG

I line

0.20

j 0.25 Z line

T2 30 : 1
I load
Vload

Z load
4 + j 3

V = 240 0 0 V

(b)
Figure 2 The power system of Question 2 (a) without and (b) with transformers

EE211 Electrical Machines, 2009

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QUESTION 3

(17+3 = 20 marks)

a) A 15kVA, 2300/230 V transformer is to be tested to determine its excitation branch components, its series impedances, and its voltage regulation. The following data have been measured on the primary side of the transformer (secondary side was open in open-circuit test and secondary side was shorted in short-circuit test): Open circuit test VOC = 2300V IOC = 0.21A POC = 50W Short-circuit test VSC = 47V ISC = 6A PSC = 160W

i) Find the equivalent circuit referred to the high voltage side ii) Calculate the full-load voltage regulation at 0.8 lagging PF. (Note: Be sure to provide a sketch of the phasor diagram for this) (9+8 = 17 marks) b) A 150-VA, 240/12-V conventional power transformer is to be connected so as to form a step-up autotransformer (see Figure 3). A primary voltage of 240 V is applied to the transformer. i) Determine the secondary voltage of the autotransformer? ii) Calculate the apparent Power rating advantage of this autotransformer connection over the transformers rating in conventional 240/12-V operation. iii) How much apparent power can the transformer handle now when connected as an autotransformer? (1+1+1 = 3 marks)

IH + Nse IL +

VH
Nc Figure 3 Autotransformer for Question 3b

VL = 240 00V
-

EE211 Electrical Machines, 2009

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QUESTION 4

(8+12 = 20 marks)

a) Induction motors are not good machines for applications requiring considerable speed control. State four methods for controlling the speed of wound-rotor induction motors and explain how each method achieves speed control. (2+2+2+2 = 8 marks) b) A 208V, 45kVA, 0.8 leading PF, -connected, 60Hz synchronous motor has a synchronous reactance of 2.5 and a negligible armature resistance. Its friction and windage losses are 1.5kW and its core losses are 1.0kW. Initially, the shaft is supplying an 11.19 kW load and the motors power factor is 0.8 leading. i) Sketch the phasor diagram of this motor at its current operating conditions. ii) Compute IA, IL, and EA at this condition. iii) If the shaft load is now increased to 22.38 kW, compute IA, IL, and EA at this new condition. iv) What is the new motor power factor now? (1+4+6+1 = 12 marks)

EE211 Electrical Machines, 2009

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QUESTION 5

(4+16 = 20 marks)

a) If a synchronous motor is connected to a power supply, one would expect it to start spinning like any other motor. However, in reality, if power is supplied, a synchronous motor would vibrate heavily and finally overheat. i) ii) Explain why a synchronous motor cannot start spinning when power is applied to its terminals. One of the approaches used to safely start a synchronous motor is by using damper or amortisseur winding. Explain what this is and how it helps in starting a synchronous motor. (2+2 = 4 marks)

b) The following test data were taken on a 7.5 hp, 4-pole, 208V, 60Hz, design A, Yconnected induction motor having a rated current of 28A. (Note: For Design A motors, X1 = 0.5XLR and X2 = 0.5XLR) DC Test: VDC = 13.6 V No-load test: VT = 208 V IA = 8.12 A IB = 8.20 A IC = 8.18 A Locked-rotor test: VT = 25 V IA = 28.1 A IB = 28.0 A IC = 27.6 A IDC = 28.0 A f = 60 Hz Pin = 420W

f = 15 Hz Pin = 920W

Compute all the motor parameters, R1, R2, X1, X2 and XM and sketch the perphase equivalent circuit for this motor. (16 marks)

EE211 Electrical Machines, 2009

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QUESTION 6 a) Shown below is a circuit used for starting a DC motor.

(4+16 = 20 marks)

0.05
RA

Rstart

Radj
1A

2A

3A
RF

EA

VT

LF

Figure 6

i) Explain how the starter circuit in Figure 6 works? ii) Why is it desirable to use starter circuits in order to start a DC motor? Why cant it be simply be connected to the power supply and turned on? (2+2 = 4 marks) b) A 480V, 25hp, 50Hz, 4 pole, Y-connected induction motor has the following impedances in ohms per phase referred to the stator circuit: R1 = 0.641 X1 = 1.106 R2 = 0.332 X2 = 0.464 Xm = 26.3

The total rotational losses are 1000W and are assumed to be constant. The core loss is lumped in with the rotational losses. For a rotor slip of 3% at the rated voltage and rated frequency, find: i) ii) iii) iv) v) The motors speed of rotation The stator current The power factor Converted power, Pconv and output power, Pout Efficiency of the motor at this condition. (2+5+1+7+1 = 16 marks) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>END OF QUESTIONS<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< EE211 Electrical Machines, 2009

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List of Formulae
S = VI * I= S V*
*

Permeability of free space

o = 4 x 10 7 H / m
Voltage Computations

Power = Torque x angular speed = Vnl V fl Voltage Re gulation = x 100% V fl

Z '= a2Z

V P = aV S + I P ( Req + jX eq )
VP = V S + I S ( Req + jX eq ) a

Pr imary Side

Secondary Side

V given Z new, pu = Z given, pu V new S IO N C + N SE = SW N SE

=
Pout x 100% Pin

S new S given

P3 = 3 VT I L cos = 3V I cos
P= 3V E A sin XS

f rated X LR = f test

X LR

EE211 Electrical Machines, 2009

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