Why nanoLechnology?

LaLesL human Loolmaklng

Class phllosophy and LargeL audlences
Course sLrucLure, rhyLhm and expecLauons
1
What w||| I get from th|s c|ass?
nanoLechnology: 1he 8aslcs
Week 1, LecLure 1
What Makes Us Human?
When Humans Learn to Make
New Materials! CHANGE
The STONE Age
Hunter-Gatherer
Wikimedia, Calame
Agrarian
The BRONZE Age The IRON Age
Cities
Commons 3.0
Materials and Tools:
They STILL Matter!
Wikimedia Commons, Saperud
Extremely pure ingot of silicon -- Czochralski process

What comes next for
humans and our tools?
STONE AGE humans learned to fashion tools from rock

BRONZE AGE humans learned to smelt copper

IRON AGE humans learned to forge iron and steel

INFORMATION age humans learned to purify silicon
age humans learned to make nanoscale materials
nanoLechnology's luLure:
Around Lhe corner or close?
Wearable compuLers
Space LlevaLors
SmarL Medlclnes
Course Objectives
2. 1o explaln Lhe lmporLance of maLerlal slze
4. 1o lllusLraLe 'dry' nanoLechnology ln elecLronlcs,
magneucs and phoLonlcs
1. 1o dene nanoLechnology
3. 1o dlsungulsh currenL vs. fuLure nanoLechnology
Who are you?
A Lechnlcal sLudenL who ls explorlng
nanoLechnology as a posslble career
or focus for advanced degrees
An adulL learner wlLh a keen lnLeresL
ln new Lechnology and fuLurlsuc ldeas
noL an experL ln nanoLechnology,
chemlsLry or physlcs (!)
A 8uS? person
Breaking Down
Nanotechnology
Week 1:
Introducnon
Week 2:
Nanoe|ectron|cs
Week 3:
Nanomagnencs
Week 4:
Nanophoton|cs
Watch lecture videos
Do weekly quiz
Watch lecture videos
Do weekly quiz
Watch lecture videos
Do weekly quiz
Watch lecture videos
Take the last quiz, final
Watch extra demos Watch extra demos Watch extra demos Watch extra demos
Do peer assessment
Read resources page Read resources page Read resources page Read resources page
Extra assignments Extra assignments Extra assignments
CerucaLe wlLh dlsuncuon
Cur hllosophy: LdlL,
engage and explaln
LDI1 lecLure conLenL Lo avold
overload
LNGAGL sLudenLs Lhrough forums,
demos, Lalk shows, provocauve
surveys
LkLAIN key ldeas ln muluple ways
so as Lo make a real and lasung
lmpresslon
11
our 1hree 1ake-nomes
Week 1, LecLure 1, nanoLechnology
Why nanoLechnology? LaLesL human Loolmaklng
1hls class: a 12 hour sclence show you paruclpaLe ln!
?ou = mouvaLed (2-3 hours/week) and knowledgeable
nanoLechnology: dlverse perspecuves
lormal denluon: small (1 - 100 nm) and sLrange
nanomaLerlals=nanox
12
Dehn|ng Nanotechno|ogy
nanoLechnology: 1he 8aslcs
Week 1, LecLure 2
Nanotechnology now represents no less
than the next industrial revolution
Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of
matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers,
where unique phenomena enable novel applications
Anything is nanotechnology that, under the
rubric of nanotechnology, makes money.
Talking About
Nanotechnology
Whlch quoLe ls ?Cu8 personal favorlLe? 1ake Lhe
8CvCCA1lvL survey
Nanotechnology is nothing more than
new age colloid science.
Red Herring Dec 2001 A technology
magazine
Scientific American, 2006, a popular
science magazine
Anonymous entrepreneur, Rice
Alliance event, 2006
Anonymous senior engineering
professor, 2001 (to your professor)
uenlng nanoLechnology
From E56 ASTM terminology standard free on www.astm.org
nanotechnology, nA term referring to a wide range of technologies that
measure, manipulate, or incorporate materials and/or features with at least one
dimension between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers (nm). Such
applications exploit those properties, distinct from bulk or molecular systems, of
nanoscale components.
Materials are central in nanotechnology
Critical and defining dimension ~ 1 100 nm
Really bizarre and unusual properties
Nanotechnology
contains stuff that is
really SMALL and
STRANGE
uS CovernmenL uenes
nanoLechnology
15
nanoLechnology ls sclence, englneerlng, and Lechnology conducLed aL
Lhe nanoscale, whlch ls abouL 1 Lo 100 nanomeLers.

nanosclence and nanoLechnology are Lhe sLudy and appllcauon of
exLremely small Lhlngs and can be used across all Lhe oLher sclence
elds, such as chemlsLry, blology, physlcs, maLerlals sclence, and
englneerlng.
Co read hup://www.nano.gov/nanoLech-101/whaL/denluon
nanomaLerlal versus
nanoLechnology
MATERIAL
DEVICE
NANOMATERIAL
Nanoscale device or property
Nanotechnology
Mark Lennihan, QD Vision
TECHNOLOGY
17
10 nm
le
3
C
4

CdSe
Carbon nanoLubes
nanomaLerlals: !"#$%$&' )"&!* +, *'-#
lmages from Lhe Colvln Lab, Creauve Commons
nanoLechnology:
A aradlgm Shl
ln nanoLechnology, whaL ls lmporLanL
abouL maLerlals ls nC1 really whaL Lhey
are made of, buL how small Lhey are.
1hls ls dlerenL Lhan every oLher
maLerlals age ln human hlsLory.
19
our 1hree 1ake-nomes
Week 1, LecLure 2, nanoLechnology
nanoLechnology: Small, sLrange and lmporLanL
1here are dlverse perspecuves abouL nanoLechnology
nanomaLerlals are nanox - where x can be anyLhlng
nanoLechnology was accldenLal ln anclenL umes
Crlglns of Lhe eld are ln manufacLurlng
ollucs and nanoLechnology - and Lhe P?L facLor

20
n|story of Nanotechno|ogy
Week 1, LecLure 3
Ancient Nanotechnology?
Pre-1980s: people who made materials did nano but didnt know it
SL. vlLus CaLhedral (bullL 1364)
Feynman and the Bottom
1960s and 1970s
" Richard Feynman Why can we not write the entire 24 volumes of the Encyclopedia
Brittanica on the head of a pin?
" Professor Norio Taniguchi did ultraprecision manufacturing & credited with first using the
term nanotechnology
22
8lchard leynman
!"#$%&# !())(*+
: http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechES:23.5.1960Bottom
23
Nanotechology or SciFi?
The 1980s
" Drexler Engines of Creation book about assembling matter
" Nanoscale robots, assembled machines, fantastic science fiction

Under resources see debate between Rick Smalley and Eric Drexler
Fat fingers sticky finger in C&E News
Nanotechnology:
Visualized in the 1990s
1990s: MeLhods Lo lmage and sLudy Lhe nanoscale world ushered ln
nanoLechnology - we dld begln Lo conLrol mauer preclsely
?
lrom Chrlsuan kllnkel unlverslLy of Pamburg
2,000 nm
nlS1
Nanotechnology and
Global Politics ?!
Do you know what this
object is?
OK do you know now?
The Nationalization of
Nanotechnology
U.S. R&D investment in
nanotechnology
More than 15 billion dollars in
research dollars
Investments relative to other
countries closely scrutinized
27
The HYPE Factor and
Nanotechnology
Hype: to promote or publicize a produce or idea
often exaggerating its importance or benefits
http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=1792.php
2.9
1rllllon
by 2014
Lux research
1.00
1rllllon
by 2013!
uS nSl
DM Berube, Nano-Hype the Truth Behind the
Nanotechnology Buzz
28
our 1hree 1ake-nomes
Week 1, LecLure 3, nanoLechnology
nanomaLerlals have been used for cenLurles, buL noL rauonally
lL Look a vlllage: sclenusLs, fuLurlsLs, polluclans, lndusLry
nanoLechnology ls pollucal and lLs hype can draw crluclsm
29
Nanotechno|ogy k|ght NCW
Week 1, LecLure 4
nanoLechnology ls enabllng Lo mosL lndusLrles
1here are examples rlghL nCW of nanoLechnology
MosL Lransformauve appllcauons sull ln Lhe fuLure

Nanotechnology: An
Enabling Technology
nanoLechnology
8euer waLer
lLers
LlghLer
AuLomoblles
Self-cleanlng
cloLhlng
lasLer
compuLers
new Cancer
1reaLmenLs
Less olluung
lacLorles
ersonallzed
Medlclne
SLronger 1ennls
8ackeLs
ermanenL
vlLamlns
alnLable
8auerles
More
bandwldLh
SmarL 1exules
nano ls now.
roducL nano lnslde" value Added
Acuve lngredlenL:
nanoscoplc 1lC
2
/ZnC
1ransparency
Lmbedded wlLh
nano Whlskers"
SLaln- and Wrlnkle-
8eslsLance
Acuve lngredlenL: Carbon
nanoLubes
SLrengLh and 8ounce
Nano is ON YOU
nanomaLerlal-conLalnlng
producLs: a web exerclse
http://www.nanotechproject.org/cpi/browse/nanomaterials/carbon-nanotube/
Have some fun and search on carbon nanotubes: What is it with sports equipment!

Try fullerene yes there are people who EAT nanomaterials
34
our 1hree 1ake-nomes
Week 1, LecLure 4, nanoLechnology
nanoLechnology LnA8LLS oLher Lechnologles
?ou probably use nanoLechnology ln your dally llfe
MosL people Lhlnk more ls ahead of us Lhan behlnd us
35
Why go SMALL?
New Wor|ds for Mater|a|s
Lecture S, Week 1 Nanotechno|ogy
Converung slze unlLs maLhemaucally ln Lhe meLrlc sysLem
MaLerlals ln Lhe 'nano' world - beLween chemlsLry and blology ln slze
Small slze means LhaL nanomaLerlals can lnLeracL wlLh blologlcal and
enlvronmenLal sysLems ln new ways

Why go Small?
new Worlds
36
Wlklpedla, falr use
Culllvers 1ravels
Pow Small ls Small ln
nanoLechnology?
Nanotechnology is the application of
materials with dimensions from
about 1 to 100 nanometers!
1he Meanlng of a
nanomeLer
10
-2
m = 1 cenumeLer (cm)
10
-3
m = 1 mllllmeLer (mm)
10
-6
m = 1 mlcron (um)
10
-9
m = 1 nanomeLer (nm)
10
-10
m = 1 angsLrom (A or )
&.&+ /+0$* ,%+0 '1$
2%$$) 3+%! 43.%,

Lxample 1: Pow many nanomeLers are ln one meLer?
Lxample 2: lf someLhlng ls 10 nm ln dlameLer, whaL ls lLs dlameLer ln cenumeLers?
1 meter ! 1nm/10
-9
meter = 1,000,000,000 or one billion or 10
9
nm
10 nanometers ! 10
-9
m/1 nanometer ! 1cm/10
-2
m = 10
-6
cm
WhaL does 10 nm mean?
1 kilometer
(1000 m)
Mountain
1 millimeter
(0.001 m)
Ant
Microns
(10
-6
m)
Bacteria
Protein
Nanometers
(10
-9
m)
Glucose
Angstroms
(10
-10
m)
Microns
(10
-6
m)
Funghi Organelle
Sub-micron
(10
-7
m)
nano: 100 - 1 nm
10 m
Shrlnklng Lo Lhe nanoworld
1.0 MM
1.0 M 10 nm 1.0 mm
A red blood cell is like a soccer stadium
A human hair is
like the island of
Manhattan
10 nm
10 nm
42
Chair = small protein
Basketball hoop= polio virus
Hydrogen atom = ping pong ball
Caffeine= baseball
10 nm
nanomaLerlals ln 8lology
5 6$3 7+%8!
1he ldeal slze for
nanoparucle blodlsLrlbuuon
lnLo Lumors ls abouL 100 -
200 nm dlameLer
We can ln[ecL
nanoparucles and Lhey
can klll Lumors
nanomaLerlals ln our
LnvlronmenL: 5 6$3 7+%8!
6.&+9.%:/8$* /.& 0+;$
'1%+-<1 0.&= '=9$* +,
%+/)* >$?<? *.&!*'+&$*@
7.&' &.&+9.%:/8$* '+ A$
'$& :0$* *0.88$% '1.&
'1$ B9+%$ '1%+.'C
Creauve Commons 3.0 Creauve Commons 3.0
6.&+9.%:/8$* /.& A$
"&D$/'$! "&'+ ,+%0.:+&
'+ $&1.&/$ "0.<"&< .&!
8"'$%.88= 1$89 -* B*$$E
!$$9 -&!$%<%+-&!
45
our 1hree 1ake-nomes
Week 1, LecLure 3, nanoLechnology
nanomaLerlals: larger Lhan molecules, smaller Lhan blomolecules
8ecause of Lhelr slze, Lhey can geL lnLo organlsms and envlronmenLal
samples.
8elng nanoslzed opens up new worlds for maLerlals
46
Why go SMALL? GLCML1k
More stu, more surface
Lecture 6, Week 1 Nanotechno|ogy
Slmple geomeLry Lell us whaL happens as ob[ecLs geL small

?ou geL more ob[ecLs ln Lhe same volume, or welghL, as you go
small - more bang for your buck

?ou geL more surface area ln Lhe same volume, or welghL, as you
go small - and surface ls where Lhe acuon ls

Smaller Cralns:
More 'ob[ecLs'
1 quarLz crysLal
1 Lhousand Lrllllon gralns of sand
Small = Greater Numbers
The Fruit Demo
The data (in about 500 gm)

Grapefruit 1
Oranges 3
Lemons 6
Key Limes 22
Numbers Increase with the
CUBE of Radius
Number |n 1 gram = 1 g (1 cm
3
]1g) (1 ob[ect]8k
3
)
v
ob[
=4/3 n 8
3
=1.333n 8
3
v
ll
=(28)
3
As r gets small
Number increases
If you reduce radius ten times

Get a THOUSAND fold increase
in number
Wlklmedla, Creauve Commons from Cmglee
Smaller Things =
More Devices
If we have devices with 100
times smaller feature sizes we
have (100)
3

or one million
more devices
Smaller Cralns:
More surface
1 quarLz crysLal
1 Lhousand Lrllllon gralns of sand
Surface Area Increases with
the 1/Radius
Number |n 1 gram Surface area of one ob[ect =
1 g (1 cm
3
]1g) (1 ob[ect]8 k
3
) 4nk
2
]1ob[ect = 1]k
SA
ob[ecL
=4n(8)
2
If you reduce radius ten times ! Get a
tenfold increase in surface area

500 grams of limes, 1 nm in radius, would
have the surface area of several city
blocks!!!
Surfaces: Where the
Action Is!
CaLalysLs LhaL remove
polluLanLs ln your car ! all
abouL surface area
lllLers for waLer depend on Lhe
surface of acuvaLed carbon - more
surface longer llfeume
Smaller Cralns:
More 'ob[ecLs'
1 quarLz crysLal
1 Lhousand Lrllllon gralns of sand
Molecular
sLrucLure of quarLz
ls Lhe same
'nanoslzed' as lL ls
ln Lhe bulk
1hls means Lhe
denslLy sLays Lhe
same
lmporLanL CaveaL:
nanomaLerlal SLrucLure
8ulk Carbon
nanoscale Carbon
uenslLy ls nC1
always consLanL wlLh
maLerlal dlmenslon
56
our 1hree 1ake-nomes
Week 1, LecLure 6, nanoLechnology
As you shrlnk Lhe slze of any ob[ecL: geL more of Lhem - goes as lnverse radlus cubed!
As you shrlnk ob[ecLs: geL more surface area - depends lnversely on radlus
1hls argumenL ls sLrlcLly geomeLrlc! uoes nC1 depend on whaL Lhe maLerlal ls made of (e.g. l8ul1 =
SlLlCCn = CA88Cn) lf Lhe arrangemenL of aLoms sLays Lhe same (e.g. denslLy ls slze lndependenL)
57
1. MaLerlals CAn geL very dlerenL ln Lhelr properues when Lhelr slze geLs very
small

2. 1he exacL dlmenslons of 'dlerenL behavlor' vary beLween maLerlals and
properues of lnLeresL

3. Lxamples of slze-dependence ln nanoscale maLerlals are Lhe color of quanLum
doLs, Lhe reacuvlLy of gold, and Lhe sLrucLure of carbon
Why go SMALL?
Mater|a|s Get D|erent
Lecture 7, Week 1 Nanotechno|ogy
nanomaLerlals: 1PL? A8L
S18AnCL
Cemng Smaller
Slze mauers! Mlcro-dog
could become nano-caL
1he maglc slze?
When ls lL no longer a knlfe?
A) As soon as you cuL lL once
8) When Lhe knlfe can no longer cuL anyLhlng
C) When Lhe knlfe ls Loo small Lo be held by a person
u) never, lL wlll always have a 'knlfellke' ldenuLy
And Lhen ln
half agaln
And Lhen ln
half agaln,
and agaln,..
lf you cuL a knlfe
ln half
NanoX NanoY
Optical
Magnetic
Mechanical
Electrical
Catalytic
Sorptive
Many 1ypes of MaLerlal
roperues Lo Conslder
1he lmporLance of slze Lo
a maLerlal depends on whaL
properLy you care abouL
Lxample 1: CuanLum uoLs
F9:/.8 G%+9$%:$*
61
3 nm 6 nm
Lxample 2: 8eacuve Cold
Discovery of gold catalysis in nanoscale clusters (1986)
Selective oxidation of hydrocarbons, CO for industrial processes
Best when sizes are well under 3 nanometers
Haruta, M., Gold Bull. 2004, 37, 27
Creauve Commons, nASA
2CC + C
2
! 2CC
2
Lxample 3: Carbon
H'%-/'-%.8 G%+9$%:$*
63
8ulk Carbon
nanoscale Carbon
our 1hree 1ake-nomes
Week 1, LecLure 7, nanoLechnology
MaLerlals donL [usL geL smaller, Lhey CAn geL dlerenL
unlque nanoscale behavlor ls assoclaLed wlLh Lransformauve Lechnologles
1hls ls very maLerlals dependenL! l8ul1 = SlLlCCn = CA88Cn
CnL 8lC 1AkL-PCML: We go small Lo explore new worlds, geL more ob[ecLs and surface
area, and Lo make maLerlals acL LoLally dlerenLly from Lhelr bulk counLerparLs
65
AnyLhlng can be nano - nanox
A few broad classes of maLerlals
llrsL: nano-semlconducLors, nano-meLals

1he Nanotechno|ogy 2CC
art 1
Lecture 8, Week 1 Nanotechno|ogy
nanoLechnology =
nanomaLerlals
CREDIT: Keeler, Sandia National Laboratory.
A grating to study fine movement.
Top-down nanostructures Bottoms-up nanostructures
CdSe
8emember Lhls?
AnyLhlng can be nanox
Creauve Commons 3.0/Wlklpedla
1oday: A Culded 1our
Quantum Dots
Metal Nanoparticles
Ceramics
Carbon Nanostructures
NEXT
Dendrimers
Carbon, uendrlmers: Creauve Commons 3.0, MeLal nanoparucles: em-lab.berkeley.edu, CuanLum uoLs, Ceramlcs: Colvln Lab
CuanLum uoLs
>$?<? H$0"/+&!-/'+% 6.&+/%=*'.8*@
Quantum Dots
What? Nanosized semiconductors
Who sells? Small companies, $$$
When? Mid-1980s, classic systems
How? Liquid phase & Lithography
Formats? In solution, deposited
films, embedded in devices
Key concept: Quantum Confinement
CuanLum ConnemenL
70
When you make a string shorter, what
happens to its sound?
Electron waves in smaller spaces
have greater/lesser energy??
Electron waves in smaller spaces
are more likely to decay by
recombination.
3 inches across
Charges in semiconductors are
a certain size: they are really
waves.
e-
e-
e-
e-
Semiconductor Size of Electron Waves
Silicon ~ 20 nm
CdSe ~ 6 nm
Gallium Arsenide ~ 10 nm
Color of semlconducLors -
elecLron waves
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF YOU MAKE THE SUBSTANCE SMALLER?
Slze uependenL
LMlSSlCn: 8lg Wln
Tunable color (size)
Higher quantum yields
Little photobleaching
3 nm
Nanoparticles
6 nm
Nanoparticles
CuanLum uoLs: Why?
Red Dots targeted to HER2
Drezek, Rice U. Creauve Commons 3.0
Achermann, LAnL
8lologlcal labellng, beuer llghLbulbs, emclenL LLus
Creauve Commons 3.0/nanosys
74
Quantum
Dots
Metals Ceramics Carbons Organic
Optical
Magnetic
Mechanical
Electrical
Catalytic
Sorptive
The Stand-Out Features of Nanomaterial Types
What was weird about semiconductors on the nanoscale? What use is their being small?
1oday: A Culded 1our
Quantum Dots
Metal Nanoparticles
Ceramics
Carbon Nanostructures
NEXT
Dendrimers
Carbon, uendrlmers: Creauve Commons 3.0, MeLal nanoparucles: em-lab.berkeley.edu, CuanLum uoLs, Ceramlcs: Colvln Lab
MeLal nanosLrucLures
What? Nanosized metals
When? Oldest nanomaterial !
How? Liquid, gas phase bottoms-up
Formats? In solution, deposited
films, embedded in devices
Metal Nanoparticles
Examples of material composition:

Noble metals: Au, Ag, Pd, Pt ".
Others: Co, Ni, ".
MeLal nanoparucles: Why?
1. Aluminum explosives
2. Molecular electronics, sensing, electrodes
3. Catalysts for selective oxidation
Optical properties vary with size Melting point decreases with size (gold)
Creauve Commons 3.0
Creauve Commons 3.0
78
Quantum
Dots
Metals Ceramics Carbons Organic
Optical
Magnetic
Mechanical
Electrical
Catalytic
Sorptive
The Stand-Out Features of Nanomaterial Types
79
our three take-home messages
Week 1, LecLure 8, nanoLechnology
MaLerlals donL [usL geL smaller, Lhey CAn geL dlerenL
1hls ls very maLerlal-dependenL! l8ul1 = SlLlCCn = CA88Cn
Many dlerenL maLerlals: a vL8? broad eld
80
Conunulng Lhe Lour Lhrough Lhe zoo.
nano-ceramlcs
nano-carbon
nano-polymers

1he Nanotechno|ogy 2CC
art 2
Lecture 9, Week 1 Nanotechno|ogy
1oday: A Culded 1our
Quantum
Dots
Metal Nanoparticles
Ceramics
Carbon Nanostructures
NEXT
Dendrimers
Carbon, uendrlmers: Creauve Commons 3.0, MeLal nanoparucles: em-lab.berkeley.edu, CuanLum uoLs, Ceramlcs: Colvln Lab
Ceramlcs (e.g. oxldes)
What? Nanosized oxides
When? Mid-1980s, classic systems
How? Liquid and gas phase
Formats? Deposited films, elements
in nanocomposites Ceramic
s
Examples of material compositions:

TOO MANY TO LIST!!

Iron oxides, Maganese oxides, Titanium dioxide ".
nanoceramlcs: Why?
1. Catalysis photocatalysis of titania
2. Magnetic materials
3. Super strong and plastic coatings
nanoTiO
2
: Self-cleaning glass nanoZrO
2
: Protecting turbines
1lLanla: 1he MaLerlal
8uule 1lC
2
: a mlneral
Anatase:Photoactive Rutile: Inert
5& +/'.1$!%. +,
I"'.&"-0 .&! FJ=<$&
1l-CP aL Lhe surface of anaLase:
reacuve!
Mechanlsm for Cleanlng
Does the high surface area of nanotitania help or hurt this application?
Why does the surface eject an electron upon absorption of light?
nano 1lC
2
Coaung
Dirt

o o o o
Light
e-
Quantum
Dots
Metals Ceramics Carbons Organic
Cpucal
Magneuc
Mechanlcal
LlecLrlcal
CaLalyuc
Sorpuve
1he SLand-CuL leaLures of
nanomaLerlal 1ypes
1oday: A Culded 1our
Quantum
Dots
Metal Nanoparticles
Ceramics
Carbon Nanostructures
NEXT
Dendrimers
Carbon, uendrlmers: Creauve Commons 3.0, MeLal nanoparucles: em-lab.berkeley.edu, CuanLum uoLs, Ceramlcs: Colvln Lab
Carbon nanosLrucLures
What? Nanosized carbons
When? Mid-1980s, classic systems
How? Gas phase
Formats? In solution, deposited films, embedded
in devices
Carbon Nanostructures
MWNT
Creauve Commons 3.0 SWNT
Creauve Commons 3.0
Carbon nanosLrucLures:
Appllcauons
Carbon nanotubes as
one-dimensional wires
A buckyball encapsulating a metal
atom contrast agents for MRI or
x-ray imaging
Source: Wikimedia Commons
CuanLum
uoLs
MeLals Ceramlcs Carbons Crganlc
Cpucal
Magneuc
Mechanlcal
LlecLrlcal
CaLalyuc
Sorpuve
1he SLand-CuL leaLures of
nanomaLerlal 1ypes
1oday: A Culded 1our
Quantum
Dots
Metal Nanoparticles
Ceramics
Carbon Nanostructures
NEXT
Dendrimers
Carbon, uendrlmers: Creauve Commons 3.0, MeLal nanoparucles: em-lab.berkeley.edu, CuanLum uoLs, Ceramlcs: Colvln Lab
Crganlc nanosLrucLures
What? Nanosized polymers
When? Mid-1980s, classic systems
How? Polymer synthesis
Formats? Solution, deposited films
Appllcauons: drug dellvery, gene dellvery, encapsulauon of oLher nanoparucles
Dendrimers
A christmas tree for
decorating with drugs,
targeting agents
Quantum
Dots
Metals Ceramics Carbons Organic
Optical
Magnetic
Mechanical
Electrical
Catalytic
Sorptive
Slzes and crlucal slzes (ln nm)
Lower end slze Plgher end slze Crlucal slze for nanomaLerlal Lo be dlerenL Lhan bulk
CuanLum doLs
MeLals
Ceramlcs
Carbons
Crganlcs
Generally true for isolated nanoparticles produced in bottoms-up methods
1 nm
1 nm
2 nm
.7 nm
1 nm
15 nm
100 nm
50 nm
2 nm
100 nm
~ 15 nm for CdSe, emission
100 nm for Au, scattering
~ 40 nm for magnetic (H
c
)
- all different, structure -
Size dependence only S/V
95
Slze mauers: properues change on Lhe nanoscale
1hls ls very maLerlals dependenL! l8ul1 = SlLlCCn = CA88Cn
nano-ceramlcs (meLal oxldes), nano-carbon, nano-polymers
our three take-home messages
Week 1, LecLure 9, nanoLechnology