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gwodm H$meZ, [wU{ 411 030.

Bhaktta-Yogyachi Anandsadhana : Jayant Bhadang

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZX gmYZm : boIH$ - O`V ^S>J

H$meZ H$. 115

ISBN : 81-86152-115-6

H$meH$ :
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149, e{Zdma noR>, nwUo - 411 030
M. : 9881065897 Tel. : (020) 24454893

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Tel. : (0251) 2602048 M. : 9158047857

W_mdmr : 3 Owb 2012 (Jw nm{U_m)

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Zmam`U bH$S>|Mm AV
ZmoH$ar~amo~a gmYZ d H$`mUMo dmV`
a_m~mBZm H$memMo XeZ
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_hmamOmMo H$mp_a XeZ
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n. ny. ~miH$U _hmamOmMm ghdmg
ZmoH$arMm Cd[aV H$mi _w~BV d gmYZ
_hmamOmMr `moJ gmYZm
n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm >mV d AmiXrV gmYZm
Am_kmZmMm `W Ah^md

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & AH$am

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doN>m{Zdmr d gdmMm {Zamon

VnM`}gmR>r {h_mb`mV `mU
am_H$UmMm gmYwdof
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JwH$merV gmYZ
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_X_hoabm ^JdmZ eH$amMo XeZ
_X_hoabm jonmbmMo XeZ

~mam & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

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OJbmVyZ _X_hoa Vo ZmW

^`mZH$ OJbmV _|T>nmim~amo~a amrMm {Zdmg
ZmWbm _`amr jonmbmMo XeZ
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VwJZmWbm XeZ d amrMm _wH$m_
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nmobrgmZm ^{d` H$WZ d gwQ>H$m
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OmJVr ~b dMZ
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d ahm`mMr `dWm
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kmZgmYZogmR>r >mV
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_hmamO JJmorV
JJmornmgyZ Jmo_wIn`VMm H$R>rU dmg

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & Voam

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_hmamOmMr `_wZmor `mobm gwadmV

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{ZgJa` `_wZmorMo XeZ d naV CmaH$merV
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{Od ~ Eo`mMm emmoV JWmmao A`mg
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gXJw$H$Sy>Z Ord ~` kmZmMm ~moY d `m_wio {_iUmar _wVr
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_hmamOm`m Hw$S>{bZr eVrMm dmg d g_mYr AdWm
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_hmamOmMm nMrH$aUmMm A`mg
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_hmamOm`m X`mV AIS> Am_`moV
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CmaH$merV {ZgJmMm H$mon Am{U Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr
Amn`m {e`mMm Ord dmM{dbm
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H$X_ _mVamMo n d _hmamOmMr O_mogdmbm `>rbm
Om`mMr Vi_i
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nU Am_kmZmMo H$m`?
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Am_kmZmMr {MVr d am_H$U _hmamOmMm dJmV gH$ma
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_hmamOmMr {h_mb`mVyZ naV`mMr V`mar
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dm_r am_VrW Aml_mV H$_`moJmda dMZ
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_hmamO {_aOo`m KamV
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n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm eVH$_hmogdr O_mogd
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Zaqghoa _hmamO CnMmamgmR>r {_aOoV
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{_aOo`m VdkmZ _{XamV Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo
{ZdmUmAmYrMo dMZ
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Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm AdVma g_mrMm gHo$V
d ^VmZm AmdmhZ
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Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo dHw$R>J_Z
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MmXm & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

 am_H$U _hmamOmMo `>rV dmV` d JmoqdXamdmMr CnmgZm

Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr am_H$Um`m {Z`mo{OV

ImobrMr OmJm XmI{dbr

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gmZJS>mdaMr {eV~ CnmgZm
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am_H$U _hmamOmMo Jm|Xd`mV dmV`
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_hmamOmMr {XZM`m

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & nYam

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AmXw~a`m `H$Q>a_U emtH$Sy>Z ~gymMm A`mg

AmXw~aMm {e`JU
AmXw~abm ^JdmZ eH$amMo `j XeZ
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am_H$U _hmamOmMo Abm{H$H$ ~M`
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am_H$U _hmamO AmXw~ahZ `>rbm
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JmoqdXamdmMr nMmhmamdr `>rV
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n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo H$nm- AmerdmXmZo M[amMo boIZ
n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO d lr. O`V ^S>J
n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO d lr. h[a^mD$ Omoer
am_H$U _hmamOmMo {e` lr. qZJamO _hmamO
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am_H$U _hmamOmZr ^{$ngmamgmR>r WmnZ Ho$bobo
n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo Aml_/_R>
^$s gmamgmR>r am_H$U _hmamOmZm, dmT>rd Am`w`mMr,
gXJwH$Sy>Z XoUJr
n. ny. am_H$U _hmamO {da{MV H$m`
lr. g. g. Zaqghoda _hmamOmMr AmaVr
A^J
lr. g. g. am_H$U _hmamOmMr O_n{H$m
n. ny. am_H$U _hmamOm`m hVmjamVrb nmmao boIH$
lr. O`V ^S>J `mZm CnXoe

gmoim & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

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&& lrZmW &&

&& g_W gXJw$ Zaqghoa _hmamO g&&

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm
(n. ny. am_H$U _hmamO OrdZdmmV)

gmYmaU B. g. 1938 Mm H$mi. H$ZmQ>H$ mVmVrb ~oiJmd

{Ohm. AWUr Vmbw`mVrb N>moQ>ogo Jmd EoJir. H$ZmQ>H$ mVmV
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2 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

n. ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMr gm. a_m~mBZm

{XdmirV AZmoIr AmodmiUr

n. ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo dS>rb ~mU Hw$Qw>~mVbo. lr.

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^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 3

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(~{b{VnXm). naV g `mH$mir gm . a_m~mB V`ma Pmbr.
AmodmiUrMo VmQ> V`ma Ho$bo. _hmamO MmXrMr ZmUr AmodmiUrV
KmbVmV hUyZ gJ`mMo ZH$iV naV _hmamOmZm Amodmibo. o_i
gXJw$Zr nmdbrMr (4 AmUo) nmM ZmUr V~H$mV KmVbr. b Pmbo,
nU ~mbnU gnbo ZhVo. a_m~mBbm Iyn AmZX Pmbm. {VZo AmBbm
gm{JVbo. AmB Iyn amJmdbr. hUmbr, a_o, AJ ngo {_iVmV hUyZ
gmaIo gmaIo Amodmiy Z`o. Vo _hmamO AmhoV. d$Z ~mobUma ZmhrV.
nU AmVyZ amJmdVrb. n. ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO VoWoM hmoVo. hUmbo,
Ahmo a_mMo AmB, {Vbm amJmdy ZH$m. nwT>rb Am`w`mV {Vbm Oo nm{hOo.
Oo {V`m Z{e~mV Amho. VoM {Vbm {Xbo. MmXrMo nmM $n`o hUOo
nmM nmS>dmgmaIo nw hmoVrb. nmM nmd`m hUOo nmM JwUgn
H$`m hmoVrb. g_W gXJwMr "A_V dmUr', Vr H$er ImoQ>r hmoUma !
nwT>o `WmdH$me gm. a_m~mBZr nmM nwaZ JmoqdXamd, lr{Zdmgamd
Zmam`Uamd, ^mD$amd d "am_H$U' Am{U nMH$`m H$mer~mB,
emVm~mB, Vwigm~mB, JmoXmdar d maH$m `mZm O_ {Xbm.
n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO EoJirV

ny. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm B. g. 1913 gmbr n. ny. ^mD$gmho~

_hmamOmH$Sy>Z AZwJh bm^bm hmoVm. {Z`{_V CnmgZm H$arV, nM
H$arV hmoVo. nwT>o Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo _Z nMmV C{ Pmbo. Jh
`mJmMm {ZM` Pmbm. gmYmaU B. g. 1932 Mm gw_ma hmoVm. n. ny.
^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmZr B. g. 1914 gmbrM Xoh R>do bm hmoVm. Zaqghoa
_hmamO gMma H$arV qhMo{Jambm JwWmZr Ambo. AH$am {XdgmMr
4 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

H$S>H$S>rV CnmgZm Ho$br. nwT>o H$m` H$amdo? CnmgZm nW H$gm dmT>dmdm?

m~b {Z{V {dMma hmoV ZhVm. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmZr Amn`m
AmdS>`m {e`mbm >mV {Xbm. hUmbo, AWUr Vmbw`mVrb EoJir
Jmdmbm Om. VoWo ~mU g_mOmVrb lr. JwS >mno V Hw$bH$Uu d b_Uamd
Hw$bH$Uu ZmdmMo XmoKo ~Yy amhVmV. A`V Y_nam`U AgyZ gderb
dmrMo AmhoV. JmdmMo nwT>marnU `m`mH$S>o Amho. VwPr gdnarZo nwT>rb
`dWm H$aVrb. VoWoM amhZ Vy gmYZ H$a d OZgm_m`mZm _mJXeZ
H$a. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr qMVm Zmhrer Pmbr. Vo EoJirbm Om`mMo
V`marbm bmJbo.
BH$S>o ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmZr dZmV `oD$Z EoJir`m b_Uamd
Hw$bH$UvZm gm{JVbo. EH$ gmYwnw $f Mma {XdgmZr Vw_`m Jmdr `oVrb.
`mZm R>do Zy `m. `mMr gmYZmMr `dWm H$am. Vw_Mo O_mMo H$`mU
hmoBb. Vmo dZ>mV b_UamdmZr Amnbo YmH$Q>o ~Yy JwS>monV `mMo
H$mZr KmVbm. Mma {XdgmZr b_UamdmZr Amn`m YmH$Q>m _wbmbm,
Zmam`Ubm ~mobmdbo. MmdS>rda Om. ~mhoa JmdmhZ Ambobo, H$moUr
gmYw-nw$f {XgVmV H$m? Vo nhm. `mZm KoD$Z `o. Zmam`U MmdS>rda
OmD$Z naV Ambm. hUmbm, EH$ \o$Q>m KmVbobo _hmamO MmdS>rda
~gbobo AmhoV. Aao doS>m, _J `mZm Kar AmUm`Mo Zmhrg H$m?
niV Om. `mZm Kar KoD$Z `o. Zmam`U niV niV Jobm. _hmamOmZm
KoD$Z Kar Ambm. b_Uamd ~mhoa Ambo. nmhVmV Vmo, EH$ gXJhW
g_moa C^o. CMr gmYmaU 5 \y$Q> 9 BM. ^aXma Xoh`>r. nmT>ao YmoVa,
AJaIm d S>mo`mda \o$Q>m. emV _wm. CnmgZoMo VoO `mMo Moh`mda
{dbgV hmoVo. `mMo `Wmo{MV dmJV H$$Z KamV IwMuda ~gdbo.
JwS>monV ~mhoa Jobo hmoVo. `mZm ~mobmdUo nmR>dbo.
JwS>monV Vm~S>Vmo~ Kar Ambo. b_UamdmZr Amnbm dZ >mV
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo H$mZmda KmVbm. Zaqghoa _hmamO Am`M{H$V
Pmbo. hUmbo, _bm nU ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmZr dZ>mV {Xbm.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 5

`mM_mUo _r `oWo Ambmo Amho. Hw$bH$Uu Hw$Qw>~ mVrb gdOU AmZ{XV

Pmbo. `mV`m `mV gm. a_m~mBMm AmZX JJZmV _mdoZmgm Pmbm.
^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmda {VMr AVmoZmV lm. `mZr AmodmiUrV
KmVbobo MmXrMo nmM $n`o d nmM nmd`m AmR>d`m. `mMo `Va
{Vbm AmboM hmoV.o gmV An`o Pmbr hmoVr. b_UamdmZr Zaqghoda
_hmamOmZm Amnbo Kar amh`mMm AmJh Ho$bm. nU _hmamO hUmbo,
H$moUm`m KamV amh`mMr _bm AZwkm Zmhr. _J JwS>monV d b_Uamd
_hmamOmZm KoD$Z Odi Agbo`m eoVmV Jobo. Vr emV, a_Ur` OmJm
_hmamOmZm Iyn AmdS>br. EH$ PmonS>r hmoVrM. Vm~S>Vmo~ {VMr
S>mJSy>Or H$a`mV Ambr. n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO VoWo amhZ gmYZCnmgZm H$$ bmJbo. gm. a_m~mB d gm. gadVr~mB (JwS>monVm`m
Y_nZr) AmdS>rZo _hmamOm`m Im`m-{n`mMo ~Ky bmJbr. Xod
Kar Ambm. gd _S>ir amoO gVgJmV hmD$ bmJbr. AZm`mgo gd
Jmdmbm CnmgZm KSy> bmJbr.
am_H$U _hmamOmMm O_ d Zaqghoa
_hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_H$aU

gm. a_m~mBZm AmR>`m An`mMr Mmhb bmJbr. nU gmV An`o

d ggmamMm JmS>m AmoT>Vm AmoT>Vm, `m WHy$Z Jo`m hmo`m. Zaqghoda
_hmamOmMr godm hmM {daJwim. _`_ Hw$Qw>~mVbo Ka. ZmVr-JmoVr,
gdgm_m` KamV Agbobo hodXo mdo `oWo nU hmoVM
o . gIr ZUX A~m$m
{dYdm hmoD$Z Kar Ambobr. gmgahZ ^anya gnmr AmUbobr.
gmh{OH$M Kamda {VMm dMH$ hmoVm. {VMm OmM gm. a_m~mBbm hmoD$
bmJbm. mdoiMo JamoXanU Oam H$R>rUM. V`oV T>mgiy bmJbr.
A~m$m`m OmMmZo {~Mmar a_m~mB H$Q>miyZ Jobr. EH$ {Xdg AYma
6 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Pm`mda nXa H$_aobm ImoMbm. _mJrb ~mOybm hmHo$`m AVamda

{dhra hmoVr. nmUr H$mT>`mgmR>r ahmQ> d Xmoa. a_m~mBZo Ord Xo`mMm
{ZM` Ho$bm. H$moUr Zmhr, Ago ~KyZ {d{harda Ambr. ahmQ>m`m
ImbMo ~mOyZo AmoUdr Pmbr. {d{harV CS>r _maUma, BV`mV _mJMo
~mOyZo EH$m ^aJ _O~yV hmVmZo, {VMm A~mS>m Y$Z {Vbm _mJo
IoMbo. nhmVo Va H$m`? `j ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO g_moa C^o. amJmZo
H$ Pmbobo. a_m~mB aS>m`bmM bmJbr. hUmbr, _hmamO _bm, ho
Zmhr hmo ghZ hmoV. OJ`mMr BN>mM _$Z Jobr. {VZo gdH$mhr
`Wm _hmamOmZm H$WZ Ho$br. _hmamO hUmbo, Vy H$mhr H$miOr H$$
ZH$mog. gd ~Xmo~V _r H$aVmo. Vwbm H$mhrM mg hmoUma Zmhr. Vwbm
hmoUmam _wbJm, hm H$mhr gm_m` Zmhr. Vmo EH$ _hm_m Amho.
Vwbm gwI XoBbM nU gd Hw$bmMm Cma H$arb. Vy VwPr d ~mimMr
H$miOr Ko. Ago hUyZ AVYmZ nmdbo. a_m~mBMm H$R> XmQy>Z Ambm.
o_i gXJw$Mo Ago AH$_mV XeZ d ^{d`dmUr. {Vbm H$mhrM
gwMoZm. KamV Ambr. {ZM` Ho$bm. m ~mimbm mUnUmZo Onm`Mo.
{VZo b_UamdmZm KS>bobr KQ>Zm gm{JVbr. XodH$sMo AmR>do
An` hUOo "H$U^JdmZ'. {VZo gJim gy{VH$mi H$gmMo VwJmV
H$mT>bm. {H$Vr H$R>rU n[apWVrV? BWonU a_m~mBMr VrM n[apWVr
hmoVr. KamVrb gJir n[apWVr AH$_mV ~Xbbr. gdOU {V`mer
o_mZo dmJy bmJbo. A~m$m Va, {deof H$miOr KoD$ bmJbr. gm.
a_m~mBMr gy{VMr doi Odi `oD$ bmJbr. _wbJm hmoUma ho ^m{H$V
n. ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMo. `mMo AmerdmX$n ~rO noabobo. dm`m
OmUo e`M ZhVo.
{XZmH$ 27 Zmoh|~a B. g. 1933, dma gmo_dma amoOr, gH$mir
6 dmOVm (_mJerf _mg, ewb nj, EH$mXer, Cmam ^mnX Zj,
_rZ amgr, JO Ho$ear `moJ, eHo$ 1855) EoJir `oWo gm. a_m~mB
gyV hmoD$Z _wbJm Pmbm. VoM Amnbo M[a Zm`H$ "n. ny. am_H$U
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 7

~mbd`mV _{Xjm

_hmamO.' a_m~mBMo AmR>do An`. n. ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMm

AmerdmX \$imbm Ambm. AmR>do An` Ag`mZo KamV dmJV
~oVmMoM. ~mi hiyhiy dmTy> bmJbo. H$mhr Zm H$mhr AS>MUt_wio
Zm_H$aU {dYr amhZ Jobm. ~aoM {Xdg a_m~mB eoVmV Jo`m Zh`m.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr a_m~mBMr AmR>dU H$mT>br. hUmbo, a_m~mB
~aoM {Xdg CnmgZobm Ambr Zmhr. {Vbm ~mimbm KoD$Z `o`mg
gmJm. Xwg`m {Xder a_m~mB ~mimbm KoD$Z eoVmV Jobr. ~mimbm
_hmamOmMo nm`mda KmVbo. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr _moR>m o_mZo ~mimbm
CMbyZ KoVbo. hUmbo, hm _wbJm _mPm Amho. `mMo Zmd _r
R>odUma. bJmobJ `mMo H$mZmV "am_H$U' ZmdmMm Cma Ho$bm.
_moR>o g_nH$ Zmd. nwT>o ho ~mbH$ Zmdm_mUoM H$m` H$aob, Ago `mdoigo
H$moUmbm dmQ>bo Zmhr. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr _m Amnbm {e` {ZdS>bm
hmoVm. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMr AmaVr H$a`mV `oD$Z, gdmZm gmIa
dmQ>`mV Ambr. Aem VhoZo AmH$p_V[a`m am_H$U _hmamOmMm
"Zm_H$aU-{dYr' H$a`mV Ambm.
am_H$U _hmamOmMo {nV KamUo n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo
AZwJhrV. Va _mVKamUo n. ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMo AZwJhrV. EH$m
AdVmar nw$fmMo O_mgmR>r Jw$-{e`mZr _mVm d {nVm, XmoKmdahr
H$nm->rMr IamV Ho$br hmoVr. AmOn`VMo B{VhmgmV _hmnw$fmMo
O_ AemM gmpdH$ _mVm{n`mMo nmoQ>r Pmbobo AmhoV.

am_H$U BVa ^mdS>mMo d gdJS>mMo gJVrV hiyhiy _moR>m hmoD$

bmJbm. eo V mV MmbUm`m CnmgZo M o , am_H $ Umbm H$iy
bmJ`mnmgyZM AmH$fU. n. ny. Za{ghoa _hmamOmMo AmH$fH$
8 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

`{$_d Am{U CnmgZoZV a {_iUmam gmX. bhmZnUrM am_H$UmZr

Amnbr "_hmamO' hmo`mM BN>m, Zaqghoa _hmamOmOdi H$Q>
Ho$br hmoVr. Vr hH$sH$V M[amMo gwadmVrbmM Ambr Amho. EH$Xm n.
ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr am_H$Umbm Odi ~mobmdyZ KoVbo. g_moa
~gdyZ "Zm_' {Xbo. `mV _hmamOmMm {ZpMVM H$mhrVar hoVy hmoVm.
nU am_H$UmMo d{S>b d H$mH$m amJmdbo. hUmbo, EdT>m bhmZ
_wbmbm H$mmbm Zm_ {Xbo? `mbm H$m` g_OVo! _hmamO hUmbo,
hmX d Yd~mimbm bhmZnUrM ZmaXmZr Zm_ {Xbo. VgoM _rnU
am_H$Umbm Zm_ {Xbo Amho. Vo EH$m {d{e> hoVZy .o nwT>o _moR>m Pm`mda
Zm_m`m ~rOmVyZ _mo>m dj V`ma hmoBb. Vohm AmOMo _hd
gJ`mZm H$iob. _mJyZhr Z {_iUmao "Zm_gH$ma' bhmZnUrM
am_H$Umda Pmbo. `mdoir `mMo d` hmoVo \$$ nmM df}.
n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr JwS>monVmda
H$nm d am_H$U _hmamOmMo _mOr~YZ

lr. JwS>monV d b_UamdmMr Jw$godm {Z`{Z`_mZo Mmby hmoVr.

JwS>monVmMm ghm _{h`mMm _wbJm dmabm. gJ`m Kamda Xw:ImMr
N>m`m ngabr. JwS>monVmMr Am{YMr nmM _wbonU Agm` amoJmZo
XJmdbr hmoVr. de {Q>H$VM ZhVm. JwS>monVmMr Y_nZr gm.
gadVr~mB, gm. a_m~mB d ~hrU A~m$m `mZr Xw:ImZo Q>mhmo \$moS>bm.
aS>Uo Wm~VM ZhVo. A~m$m Oam amJrQ>M. bJmobJ XmoKtZm KoD$Z
eoVmV Jobr. BVa gdOU hmoVoM. n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm amJmZoM
hUmbr, Vwhr EdT>o _moR>o _hmamO. Amhr Vw_Mr Ho$dT>r godm H$aVmo.
Vwhr AgVmZm ho KS>boM H$go? Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr g_Omdbo.
~mB ho `oH$mMo maY. `m_mUo KS>Vo. maY H$moUmbmM
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 9

MwH$V Zmhr. ^moJmdoM bmJVo. A~m$m hUmbr, Ago Agob Va,

CnmgZm H$mmbm H$am`Mr? Vw_Mo EdT>o _moR>o gmYwnU H$m` H$m_mMo?
nMmV a_Umar AkmZr ~mB. `mV amJmZo {VMm Vm~m KoVbobm. H$m`
~mobmdo `mMo ^mZ am{hbo Zmhr. gJ`mZr {Vbm g_Omd`mMm `Z
Ho$bm. Zaqghoa _hmamO emVM hmoVo. ^$mMo Xw:I nmhZ `mMo
AV:H$aU H$idibo. Amn`m gXJwMr mWZm Ho$br. A~m$mZm
hUmbo, ~mB emV hm. H$m` H$am`Mo Vo _r ~KVmo. Ago hUyZ `mZmbm
~gbo. `mZmV `mZm g_Obo H$s, nydO
_r JwS >mno V mH$S>o am_^Q> ZmdmMm
EH$ ~mU ZmoH$arg hmoVm. `mZo Amnbo 1000 n`o JwS>monVmH$S>o
gwa{jV ahmdo hUyZ {Xbo hmoVo. H$mhr H$mimZVa am_^Q>mZo Vo ngo naV
_m{JVbo. JwS>monVmZr Vy _mPoH$S>o H$moUVoM ngo {Xbo ZhVo, Ago gmJyZ
ngo naV H$a`mMo ZmH$mabo. bmo^ Cn hmoD$Z ngo hS>n Ho$bo.
am_^Q>mbm Iyn _moR>m Y$m ~gbm. `mVM Vmo X`{dH$mamZo _aU
nmdbm. ~Xbm Ko`mMo dmrZo {nem Pmbm. AmVm Vmo JwS>monVmMo
H$moUVoM gVmZ OJy XoV ZhVm. AmVmn`V ghm _wbmMm `mZo ~ir
KoVbm. _hmamOmZr `m {nem`mbm {dMmabo, H$m` Ho$bo hUOo VwPo
g_mYmZ hmoBb? Am{U Vy ho gd Wm~derb. _mPo YZ _bm naV
{_imbo, Va _r naV OmBZ. _hmamOmZr JwS>monVmZm ho gd gm{JVbo.
nU JwS>monV hUmbo. nydO_, ^yV-{nem `mda _mPm {dmg Zmhr.
_r nydO_r ngo hS>n Ho$bo, `mMm nwamdm H$m`? Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr
`mZm nydO_m~bMm em_m` {gmV {deX Ho$bm. _`wg_`r
_mUgmMo _ZmMr pWVr, `m`m am{hbo`m BN>m-Amg$s.
m_mUo `mbm nwT>rb O_ {_iVmo. _ZmV ^JdVmMo _aU
Agob Va _w$s {_iVo. ^yV-{nem `moZr Iar Amho. gy_ Xoh
OmUUmao _hm_o `m`mer ~mobynU eH$VmV. gXJw$`m ~moYmZo
JwS>monVmMo g_mYmZ Pmbo. hUmbo, _hmamO AmnU gmJmb Vgo H$aVmo.
_hmamOmZr {nem`mbm gm{JVbo, VwPo YZ _m`mOdi gwa{jV
10 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Amho. `mo` doir _r Vwbm naV H$arZ. {nem {ZKyZ Jobo. df^amZo
gm. gadVr~mBZm _wbJm Pmbm. V~oV N>mZ hmoVr. _hmamOmZr `mMo
Zmd JmoaI R>odbo. {nem naV _hmamOmH$S>o Ambo d ngo _mJy bmJbo.
_hmamOmZr `mbm gm{JVbo, _wbm`m _mOrV _r ho ngo XmZY_mV
IM H$arZ. hUOo Vwbm nmohMVrb. {nemmMo g_mYmZ Pmbo. Vo
{ZKyZ Jobo. lr. b_UamdmMm B. g. 1940 gmbr AH$_mV XohmV
Pmbm hmoVm.
B. g. 1944 gmbr Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr {M. am_H$U d {M.
JmoaI `mMo _mOr~YZ H$a`mMo R>a{dbo. Vo qhMo{Jarbm, Amn`m
JwWmZr. _mO _moR>m WmQ>mV H$amd`mMr hmoVr. lr. JwS >mno V ghn[adma
_hmamOm~amo~a qhMo{Jarbm Jobo. ^anya IM H$$Z _mOrMm WmQ> Ho$bm
hmoVm. Vo am_^Q>mMo {nemnU hOa hmoV.o {nem Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm
hUmbo, ho ^Q>Or ZH$mo. Xwgao AmUm. mZm narJ_ZmMm Xmof
Amho. mMoH$Sy>Z H$m` gn hmoUma Zmhr. `m ^Q>OtZm H$mhrVar
H$maU gmJyZ Xwgao nwamo{hV AmU`mV Ambo. _mO _moR>r WmQ>mV Pmbr.
emew nVrZo gd {dYr H$a`mV Ambo. ^anya XmZY_ d AXmZ
Pmbo. hOmamMo da n`o IM H$a`mV Ambo. AmVm _m {nem`mMo
g_mYmZ Pmbo. `mZo _hmamOmZm dXZ Ho$bo. _hmamO Vw_`m H$noZo
_mPo _Z Xmofa{hV Pmbo Amho. H$nm H$$Z _bm m `moZrVyZ _w$ H$am.
_hmamOmZr `mbm _w$ Ho$bo. nwT>o JmoaIZVa JwS>monVmMr Mma _wbo
dmMbr. dedr Pmbr. A~m$mZo _hmamOmMr j_m _m{JVbr. Vr
A{YH$M V_`VoZo _hmamOmMr godm H$$ bmJbr. n. ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmZr Amnbo {e` am_H$UmMr _mO, d`mMo 10 do dfu dhVo
Ho$br. Vr d$n gXm`mMo _w` WmZ qhMo{Jar `oWo.

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 11

~mbnU d {ejU

B. g. 1938 gmbr lr. b_Uamdm M r ~Xbr Jmo H $mH$

Vmbw`mVrb H$moi Jmdr Pmbr. {OmMo {R>H$mU ~oiJmd.
b_Uamd a_m~mB d _wbmgh H$moibm WbmVarV Pmbo. _moR>r _wbo
{ejUmgmR>r EoJirbm H$mH$mOdiM am{hbr. H$mHy$Zo d Am`mZo
AmnbonUmZo `mMm gm^mi Ho$bm. BH$S>o am_H$U nmM dfmMm Pmbm
hmoVm. d{S>bmZr Amnbo emioV EH$mM dfmV H$S> B. 1 d 2 H$$Z
KoV`m. am_H$U MwUMwUrV d hema hmoVm. am_H$UmMo gdmV Wmoabo
^mD$ lr. JmoqdXamd _Q>rH$ Pmbo. `mZm ^wgmdi `oWo R.M.S. _`o
ZmoH$ar bmJbr. B. g. 1940 gmbr Vo ZmoH$arV OmBZ Pmbo.
b_UamdmZm n{h`m _wbmMo ZmoH$arMm AmZX Pmbm. AmVmn`V
ggmamMm JmS>m, `mMo EH$Q>mMo Immda hmoVm. `mbm hmV^ma
bmJUma hmoVm. naVw XdJVr H$mhr doJirM hmoVr.
JmoqdXamd ^wgmdibm OmBZ Pm`mda, Mma-nmM {XdgmVM
b_UamdmMo H$moi `oWo AH$_mV {ZYZ Pmbo. gnyU Hw$Qw>~ hmX$Z
Jobo. JmoqdXamd gwQ>r KoD$Z Vm~S>Vmo~ Kar Ambo. JwS>monV d `mMo
Hw$Qw>~r` AmYrM H$moibm Ambo hmoVo. `mZr b_UamdmMo {XdgH$m` `dpWV Ho$bo. a_m~mB Va IMyZM Jo`m. nXamV 10 _wbo.
\$$ JmoqdXamdmZm ZwH$VrM ZmoH$ar bmJbobr. _wbmMo {ejU, bo
gJioM ~mH$s. lr. JwS>monVmZr Yra {Xbm. gdH$mhr gm^mi`mMo
AmmgZ {Xbo.
a_m~mB N>moQ>m JmoXmdar d maHo$bm KoD$Z JmoqdXamdm~amo~a
^wgmdibm {ZKm`m. ~mH$s Hw$Qw>~ r`mZr EoJirbm H$mH$mOdi ahm`mMo
R>a{bbo. N>moQ>m am_H$U aS>m`bm bmJbm. AmB~amo~a Om`mMm h>
12 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Yabm. nU {ejUmMm Z hmoVm. JmoqdXamdmZr `mbm ~Xm n`m

{Xbm. am_H$U Iwe Pmbm. `mZo H$mHy$~amo~a EoJirbm ahm`Mo H$~yb
Ho$bo. am_H$Um`m B. 3 d 4 H$mZS>r _m`_mV EoJirbm Pm`m.
Z{e~m`m EH$m PQ>`mZo g~Y Hw$Qw>~ {dH$irV Pmbo. lr.
JmoqdXamdmZm gdOU Amnm hUV.
B. g. 1942 gmbr JmoqdXamdmMr ~Xbr {_aOobm Pmbr. a_m~mB
gd _wbmgh {_aOoV Am`m. `mZr 1 Z. emioOdi {ZiH$R>amd
Omoer `mMo dmS>mV OmJm KoVbr. gd Hw$Qw>{~`mMm ^ma AmVm
JmoqdXamdmda Ambm. Vo W_nmgyZ gmo{eH$ d emV d^mdmMo. `mZr
Hw$R>brhr Hw$aHw$a Z H$aVm AmZXmZo gd O~m~Xmar KoVbr. `mH$arVm
Vm`gwb^ MZtZm \$mQ>m {Xbm. `mMo b B. g. 1943 Mo gw_mamg
Pmbo. ~m`H$moMo Zmd nmdVr. Ym{_H$ dmrMr. Iyn emV d^mdmMr,
JmoqdXamdmZm gmOoer. `WmdH$me `mZm H$bmdVr ZmdmMr EH$ _wbJr
Pmbr. AmnmMm H$b n. ny. ~miH$U _hmamOmH$S>o hmoVm. Vo n. ny.
{J[a_oa _hmamOmMo {e`. {J[a_oa _hmamOmH$Sy>Z AmnmZr Zm_{Xjm KoVbr hmoVr. {Z` CnmgZm H$arV. H$mQ>H$ga H$$Z ggmamMm
JmS>m Mmb{dV. bhmZ ^mdS>mMr gd Odm~Xmar `mModa hmoVr. gmdr
a_m~mBZr Amnbo nwT>rb Am`w` CnmgZm d Hw$Qw>~mgmR>r H$m~mS>H$>
`mVM Kmb{dbo.
{_aOoV Am`mda am_H$UmZm _amR>r 5 drV ~gdbo. nU AmYr
H$mZS>r _m`_ Ag`mZo Zmnmg Pmbo. naVw _amR>r 4 Wr nmg hm
{e$m ~gbm. `m_wio `mZm {_aO hm`Hy$b_`o BJOr 1 brV doe
{_imbm. BJOr 1 br Vo 7 dr am_H$UmZr _Z bmdyZ A`mg Ho$bm.
`m_wio B. 1951 gmbr Vo BJOr 7 dr hUOoM _Q>rH$ nmg Pmbo. Vo
\$Q> bmg_`o. bJoMM {dbtJQ>Z H$mboO, gmJbr `oWo W_ df
gm`gbm AS>{_eZ KoVbr. _Q>rH$bm \$Q>bmg Ag`mZo \$s
ZhVr. B. g. 1952 gmbr {-S>rJrMr narjm nmg Pm`mda bJoMM
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 13

^y_ao>r B{O{Z`atJ H$mbO

o , h~ir `oWo W_ df _oH$ ZrH$b B{O{Z`atJ
{S>bmo_mbm AS>{_eZ {_imbr. `mZr 2 dfmMm {S>bmo_m MmJbo
_mH$ {_idyZ nyU Ho$bm. Vmo B. g. 1954 gmbr. `mMo~amo~a lr.
har^mD$ Omoer ho h~irbm {ghrb B{O{Z`atJMm {S>bmo_m H$arV
hmoVo. `mMr d _hmamOmMr MmJbr _r hmoVr. {deof hUOo Jobr 60
df}, Vr {Q>Hy$Z Amho. \$$ am_H$U, "_hmamO' Pmbo d h[a^mD$Zr
`mMo {e`d nH$abo. nU g`^md _m VgmM Amho.
am_H$U _hmamOmMo mn{MH$ Hw$Qw>~r`

lr. b_Uamd d gm. a_m~mB m Xmn`mg 5 _wbo d 5 _wbr

Pm`m. `m gm. a_m~mBZm n. ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmZr AmodmiUrV
KmVbo`m nmM MmXrMo n`o d nmM nmd`mZr. H$nmAmerdmXmMo
nmZo. Vr H$Wm M[amMo gwadmVrbmM Ambr Amho. Vr An`o H$moU?
hm Z dmMH$mMo _ZmV `oUmaM. `mAmYrM _hmamOm`m Hw$Qw>~mMr
WmoS>`mV _m{hVr Xo`mMm `Z Ho$bm Amho.
1) H$mer~mB - Xmn`mMo W_ An`. n{hbr ~oQ>r - YZmMr
noQ>r. IamoIaM b_UamdmMr n[apWVr VerM hmoVr. EoJirbm emioV
hoS>_mVa. JmdmV eoVr, gdH$mhr Cm_ hmoVo. H$mer~mBMo b lr.
n{S>Vamd Hw$bH$Uu, gmobmnya `mMo ~amo~a Pmbo. Vo gmobmnya`m gaH$mar
XdmIm`mV H$nmD$S>aMr ZmoH$ar H$arV. gm. H$mer~mBZm 3 _wbo d 2
_wbr. _moR>r Ag`mZo _mhoaMo Hw$Qw>~mda \$ma o_. gdOU Zoh_r
gmobmnyabm `oV. gm. H$mer~mBMm Xwgam _wbJm lr. AaqdX. B.com.
hmoD$Z H$Zam ~H$, H$`mU `oWo ZmoH$arg bmJbm. _hmamOmMo M[amV
`mMm CoI dmadma Amho.
2) JmoqdXamd - `mMm O_ \o$~wdmar B. g. 1918 _`o EoJir
14 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

`oWo Pmbm. mW{_H$ {ejU H$mZS>r _m`_mV EoJir `oWoM Pmbo.

A`mgmV hema, nU d^mdmZo \$ma ^moio. nwT>rb {ejUmgmR>r Imobr
KoD$Z AWUr `oWo am{hbo. gH$V {df` KoD$Z _Q>rH$, Cm_ _mH$mZr
nmg Pmbo. gm. a_m~mBZm Iyn AmZX Pmbm. JmoqdXamdmZm ^wgmdi
`oWo R.M.S. (aodo _ob ghug) _`o ZmoH$ar {_imbr. bJoMM OmBZ
Pmbo. nU XwXd mZo 4-5 {XdgmVM d{S>b dmabo. gwQ>r H$mTy>Z H$moirbm
Ambo. Amnbo gd Xw:I ~mOybm R>odyZ AmBbm d ^mdS>mZm Yra {Xbm.
B. g. 1942 gmbr ^wgmdihZ {_aOobm ~Xbr H$$Z KoVbr. AmB
d ^mdS>mg h {_aOoV amh bmJbo. H$mQ>H$garV amhZ gd Hw$Qw>~ mMo nmbZnmofU Ho$bo.
JmoqdXamdmZm bhmZnUmnmgyZM ^$s_mJmMr AmdS>. gdOU
`mZm Amnm hUV. B. g. 1943 gmbr `mMo b H$mH$mMo Kar
EoJirbm Pmbo. ~m`H$moMo Zmd nmdVr. gmYr ^moir {VZo AnmZm
nyU gmW {Xbr. `mZm H$bmdVr ZmdmMr EH$M _wbJr. d`mMo 15 `m
dfuM `mZr n. ny. ~miH$U _hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_ KoVbo. Vo _hmam>mV
_JidoT>mOdi ZXoabm ahmV. Amnm gmYZogmR>r Zoh_r VoWo OmV.
n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm bhmZnUmnmgyZM n[aM`. EoJirV eoVmV
ahmV Ag`mnmgyZ. Amnm Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr nU godm H$arV.
B. g. 1947 gmbr lmdU nm{U_obm Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr g_mYr
KoVbr. `mdoigo O_IS>rbm Vo Amnbo ^mD$ lr{Zdmg, S>m. Zmam`Uamd
d ^mD$amd `mMogh hOa hmoVo. AnmZr B. g. 1968 _`o dIwerZo
godm{Zdmr KoVbr d nyUnUo AmnUmg Am`m`mbm dmhZ KoVbo. B.
g. 1975 nmgyZ Vo H$m`_ `>r `oWrb n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo
g_mYr _{XamV amhZ {Z` CnmgZm H$$ bmJbo. _{Xam`m ~mOy`m
ImobrV ahmV. n. ny. am_H$U _hmamOmer Zoh_r gnH$ Ago. `mMHo $Sy>Z
doimodi
o r {_iV Jobo `m nemZr `>r `oWrb g_mYr _{XamMm {dH$mg
Ho$bm. gmYZ-CnmgZm H$arVM B. g. _mM 2003 bm Xoh R>odbm.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 15

lr. JmoqdXamd `>rbm H$moUrM Zgbo Var, EH$Q>oM gH$mi,

Xwnma, amrMo ^OZ B. {Z` CnmgZm H$arV. dV: d`nmH$ H$$Z n.
ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm Zdo XmIdrV. H$VrMr H$miOr H$[aV
ZgV. EdT>r CnmgZm H$$Z `mZm gJwU-{ZJwUmMm H$mhrM AZw^d
Ambm Zmhr. Vo am_H$U _hmamOmZm hUmbo, _r `odT>o gJio XodmMo
H$aVmo, nU _bm gmjmH$ma Zmhr. dVmJyZ {_aOobm {ZKyZ Job.o Xwg`mM
{Xder n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO, S>m. Zmam`UamdmMo dZmV Ambo.
hUmbo, JmoqdXmbm gmJ. H$miOr H$$ ZH$mog, _r Vw`m
CnmgZoda g Amho. _r Vwbm _w$ H$arZ. `m_mUo XmoZ {XdgmZr,
AmnmZr XwnmaMo ^OZ AmQ>monbo hmoVo. {_aOobm XodmMo ImobrV ~gbo
hmoVo. OodVmZm {MmdVr KmbyZ "Zaqghoa _hmamO H$s O`' hUyZ
O`Kmof Ho$bm. n{hbm Kmg KoVbm. Vm|S>mV KmbUma, BV`mV Vo Imbr
H$mogibo. n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr `mZm _w$ Ho$bo hmoVo.
3) lr{Zdmgamd - {ejU _Q>rH$n`V. {MH$moS>r `oWo.
W_nmgyZ eodQ>n`V {_aOoV R.M.S. _`o bmH$Mr ZmoH$ar. d^md
EH$X_ emV. ~mobUo, Odi Odi ZmhrM. H$m_mnwaVo ~mobV. b
EoJirV Pmbo. ~m`H$moMo Zmd gm. {doUr. `mZm gdOU {doUrH$mHy$
hUV. `mZm 3 _wbo d 2 _wbr. {_aOo`m KamV ZmVodmBH$mMo d
`>r`m na_m{WH$ _S>itMo Zoh_r `oU-o OmUo. {doUrH$mHy$ Z H$Q>miVm
gdmMo AmXaVr` H$arV. Vo nU hg`m Moh`mZo. Xa nm{U_obm
lr{Zdmgamd `>rbm `oV. B. g. 2004 gmbr dHw$R>dmgr Pmbo.
4) S>m. Zmam`Uamd - _Q>rH$n`V {ejU {MH$moS>r `oWo. ZVa
{_aOo`m gaH$mar XdmIm`mV H$nmD$S>aMm H$mog. {_aOoV S>m.
{MS>JwnrH$a `mMo XdmIm`mV 10-12 df} ZmoH$ar Ho$br. MmJbm
AZw^d {_idbm. S>m. {MS>JwnrH$a `mMo gmJ`md$Z ZmJnyabm 1&&
dfmMm hmo{_`monWrH$ S>mQ>aH$sMm H$mog Ho$bm. Cm_ [aVrZo nmg Pmbo.
dV:Mm `dgm` gw$ Ho$bm. {_aOobm ~mUnyarV {Ob~r MmH$mV
16 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

`mZr d lr{ZdmgamdmZr {_iyZ Ka {dH$V KoVbo. VoWoM XdmImZm

gw$ Ho$bm. AZw^d hmoVmM. naV n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm H$nm
AmerdmX. XdmImZm ^a^amQ>rg Ambm. gdOU AmVm Zmam`UamdmZm
S>mQ>a ZmdmZoM hmH$ _m$ bmJbo. d^md o_i nU IynM ~mobH$m.
hmVmbm JwU. Anojonojm OmV ngo {_im`bm bmJbo. {_iH$VrVbo
n`mVrb Mma AmUo `>rgmR>r ~mOwbm H$mTy>Z R>odrV.
~m`H$moMo Zmd gm. b_r~mB. 2 _wbo d 1 _wbJr. S>mQ>a Ym{_H$
dmrMo. `dgm` gMmoQ>rZo Va Ho$bmM nU JmoaJar~mZm \w$H$Q> AmfY
XoD$Z _XV nU H$arV. W_nmgyZ h`mVrMo eodQ>n`V, Xa nm{U_obm
`>rbm `oV. `>rgmR>r ~mOybm R>odbobm ngm, gT>i hmVmZo IM
H$arV. `>r`m CH$fmV `mMm dmQ>m _moR>m Amho. _{XamMo drOoMo
~rb h`mVrMo eodQ>n`V VoM ^arV. `mMo {_aOo`m KamV XodmMr
doJir Imobr Amho. `>r gmaImM {Xdg^am`m {Z` CnmgZoMm
H$m`H$_ AgVmo. KamVrb gdOU `mbm hOa AgVmV. B. g. 2006
gmbr dHw$R>dmgr Pmbo.
5) emVm~mB - `mMo b lr. H$`mUamd ^mbM dS>oa
`mMo~amo~a Pmbo. Vo O_IS>r `oWo emim _mVa hmoVo. ZmoH$ar g^miyZ
nmamo{h` H$arV. _YyZ _YyZ `>rbm `oV.
6) ^mD$amd - O_ 21-10-1927. {ejU _Q>rH$n`V. {_aO
`oWo. ZVa H$mohmnyabm 2 dfmMm Am`. Q>r. Am`. Mm H$mog. OZab
_oH$ZrH$Mm. H$mogZVa harhabm {H$bm}H$a H$nZrV ZmoH$ar. eodQ>n`V
VoWoM hmoVo. (B. g. 1946 Vo 1984) H$maIm`mMo H$mbZrV ahmV.
b B. g. 1946 _`o. ~m`H$moMo Zmd gm. gwerbm. `mZm 2 _wbo d
3 _wbr. ^mD$amdmZr n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_ KoVbo.
{Z`{_V CnmgZm H$arV AgVmV. Xa nm{U_obm AOyZhr `>rbm
`oVmV. bhmZnUr EoJirbm AgVmZm Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr godm Ho$br.
EH$Xm amr Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm KoD$Z Kar `oV hmoVo. a`mV Iyn
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 17

AYma hmoVm. _YoM _hmamOmZr ^mD$amdbm _mJo AmoT>bo. {VH$Sy>Z OmD$

ZH$mog. ^yV Amho. AmoT>yZ KoBb
. ZVa Xwg`m a`mZo Kar Job.o AOyZhr
d`m`m 85 `m dfu CnmgZm Mmby Amho.
7) Vwigm~mB - `mMo b lr. em_amd _wVmbrH$ `mMo~amo~a
Pmbo. Vo H$ZmQ>H$ gaH$ma`m BarJoeZ S>rnmQ>_|Q>_`o ZmoH$arbm hmoVo.
Zoh_r ~Xbr hmoV Ago. `mZm 2 _wbo d 3 _wbr. Ho$hmVar `>rbm `oV.
8) am_H$U - a_m~mBMo AmR>do An` hUOo Amnbo
M[aZm`H$ n. ny. am_H$U _hmamO.
9) JmoXmdar - `mMo b Q>|~wUu`m lr. _mYdamd H$mQ>H$a `mMo
~amo~a Pmbo. Vo R.M.S. H$`mU `oWo ZmoH$arg hmoVo. am_H$U _hmamO
_w~Bbm ZmoH$arg AgVmZm H$`mUbm `mMoH$S>o ahmV. `mZm 3 _wbr
hmo`m. nwT>o `mMr ~Xbr gmobmnyabm Pmbr. VoWyZM Vo [aQ>m`S> Pmbo.
b Pm`mda EH$Xm `>rbm `oD$Z Jobo.
10) maH$m - `mMo b A$bH$moQ> Odi`m _Uya JmdMo
lr. amKd| IQ>mdH$a `mMo~amo~a Pmbo. Vo _w~B`m {\$Zbo H$mQ>Z
_rb_`o gwnadmPa hUyZ ZmoH$ar H$arV. W_ Hw$bm `oWo ahmV. ZVa
S>m|{~dbrbm. `mZm 1 _wbJm d 5 _wbr. am_H$U _hmamOmMo Zoh_r
S>m|{~dbrbm `oUo-OmUo hmoVo. gm. maH$mVmBZr n. ny. ~miH$U
_hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_ KoVbo hmoVo. am_H$U _hmamO B. g. 1991 nmgyZ
H$m`_ `>rV ahmd`mbm Ambo. VohmnmgyZ lr. IQ>mdH$a _YyZ _YyZ
`>rg `oV. AOyZ maH$mVmB d _wbJm Ho$ed {Z`_rV `>rbm `oVmV.
_hmamO _` aodo`m ZmoH$arV XmIb

B. g. 1954 gmbr am_H$UmMm _oH$ZrH$b B{O{Z`atJMm

{S>bmo_m nyU Pmbm. Vo h~ir`m ^y_ao>r B{O{Z`atJ H$mboO_YyZ
18 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

~mhoa nS>bo. {_aOobm Ambo. AmVm gd Hw$Qw>~r` a_m~mBgh {_aOobm

pWaWmda Pmbo hmoVo. Wmoabo ~Yy lr. JmoqdXamd, lr{Zdmgamd, S>m.
Zmam`Uamd gdOU {_aOoVM ZmoH$arbm hmoVo. Ka ~mU AmirVrb
{Obo~r MmH$mV. am_H$U AmVm 20 dfmMo Pmbo hmoVo. ~mbnUmVrb
n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm~amo~a Pmbobm gdmX, `mZr {Xbobo Zm_.
gdH$mhr H$mim`m AmoKmV bw Pmbo hmoV.o n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr
B. g. 1947 bm g_mYr KoVbr hmoVr. `mMo g_mYr _{Xa `>rbm
Amho. Hw$bH$Uu Hw$Qw>~ mMo {Z`{_V `oU-o OmUo. bhmZnUm`m ghdmgmMo
loV $nmVa Pmbobo. {_aOo`m KamV EH$ doJir XodmMr Imobr hmoVr.
VoWo gd Hw$Qw>~r` {Z` CnmgZm H$arV. gd Zohr d Am_S>ir `mMm
bm^ KoV.
AmQ>mo~a 1954 bm am_H$UmZm, gmJbrbm P.W.D. V ZmoH$ar
{_imbr. df^a ZmoH$ar Pm`mZVa _` aodoMo ~mobmdUo Ambo. ZmoH$ar
MmJbr hmoVr. nU KamnmgyZ Xya Omdo bmJUma hmoVo. \o$~wdmar 1956
_`o am_H$U, _Wwam `oWo S>mQ>g_Z hUyZ OmBZ Pmbo. ZdrZ aodo
_mJ, Agbo`m _mJmMo ZyVZrH$aU `mMo gh}, ZXrdaMo nyb d BVa
H$m_mMo ZH$meo (S>mBJ) ho H$m_ `mMoH$S>o hmoVo. _yiMmM emV d^md
d H$m_ gMmoQ>rZo H$a`mMr dmr. m_wio ZdrZ ZdrZ gd H$maMo
H$m_ `mZr {eHy$Z KoVbo. `mV Va~oO Pmbo. gmh{OH$M d[a>mMr
_Ou `mZr gnmXZ Ho$br. Hw$R>bohr AdKS> H$m_ Agbo H$s, d[a>mZm
am_H$UmMr AmR>dU hmoB. am_H$U nU Cm_[aVrZo Vo AdKS> H$m_
nyU H$arV. d[a>mMm {dmg gmW R>a{dV.
Hw$Sw>dmS>r Vo bmVya aodo_mJ ZamoJoO. `mMo _rQ>aJoO _`o nmVa
H$a`mMo H$m_ {ZKmbo. lr. am_H$U b_Uamd Hw$bH$Uu hUOoM
lr. Ama. Eb. Hw$bH$Uu `mMr ~Xbr Zmoh|~a 1956 _`o Hw$Sw>dmS>rbm
Pmbr. Kam`m OdiM, hUyZ AmZXmZo Vo Hw$Sw>dmS>rbm Oy Pmbo.
AmR>dS>m-nYam {XdgmVyZ EH$Xm gwQ>r`m {Xder {_aOobm `oV. gd
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 19

Hw$Qw>~r`mMr ^oQ> KoV. a_m~mBZm Va Iyn AmZX hmoB. `m am_H$Um`m

AmdS>rMo nXmW Oodm`bm H$arV. {Xdg _OoV Mmbbo hmoVo. MmJ`m
Ka`m _wbr gmJyZ `oV. naVw am_H$UmZr b H$a`mMo ZmH$mabo.
a_m~mBZr nU \$magm AmJh Yabm Zmhr. n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr
^{d`dmUr `mZm AmR>dV hmoVr. {dYr{b{IVm_mUo gdH$mhr KS>Vo.
ho `mZr `m`m Am`w`mV nyUnUo AZw^dbo hmoVo. gwI-Xw:Im`m
MH$m_mUo AmVm Xw:ImMo {Xdg OmD$Z gwImMo {Xdg Ambo hmoVo.
gJir _wbo-_wbr a_m~mBMm Iyn AmXa H$arV. `mMo hUUo CMbyZ
YarV. `mZm OmVrV OmV gwImV R>od`mMm `Z H$arV.
_w~BV ~Xbr d H$`mUbm dmV`

AmQ>mo~a 1957 _`o _hmamOmMr ~Xbr _w~B (V.T.) `oWrb

_` aodo`m _w` B{O{Z`aMo Am\$sgmV Pmbr. A{V dar> A`m
A{YH$m`mMo gmo~V _hdmMo H$m_ Vo H$$ bmJbo. H$moUVohr H$m_
{~ZMwH$ H$a`mMr hmVmoQ>r AmVmn`V am_H$UmZo AdJV Ho$br hmoVr.
`mM~amo~a {MH$mQ>rnU hmoVr. H$`mUbm H${UH$ amoS> `oWrb ddmS>rV
_hmamOmMr ~hrU gm. JmoXmdar, Amnbo nVr lr. _mYdamd H$mQ>H$a
`mMgo h ahmV hmoVr. Vo H$`mUbm R.M.S. _`o ZmoH$ar H$arV. JmoXmdarZo
am_H$Umbm Amn`m gmo~V ahm`mMm AmJh Ho$bm. _w~B_`o ZmoH$ar
d N>moH$ar bdH$a {_iob. nU Ka {_iUma Zmhr Aer n[apWVr V|hm
hmoVr d AmOhr Amho. am_H$U Amnbo ~{hUrgmo~V amh bmJbo.
H$`mU Vo _w~B (V.T.) AVa 52 {H$._r. gH$mir 8&& Mr bmoH$b
nH$Sy>Z OmV d 10 dmOVm Am{\$gbm nmohMV. g`mH$mir H$m_m_wio
Cera hmoB d H$`mUbm naV `o`mg amr 8 Var dmOV. H$m_mMr
XJXJ d bmoH$bMm dmg m_wio amr Kar naV Am`mda Vo X_yZ
20 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

OmV. _w~BV`m gdgm_m` MmH$a_m`m_mUo am_H$UmMo YmdnirMo

OrdZ Mmby Pmbo. m gd JS>~S>r`m Am`w`mV Zm__aU - CnmgZm
`mMr AmR>dU am{hbr Zmhr.
Amnbm M[aZm`H$ gm_m`M amhVmo H$s H$m`? nU Zmhr.
{e` {dgabm. Var Jw$ `mbm {dgabo ZmhrV. Jw$ g_m{YV
Pmbo hmoV.o nU Amnbr nanam - CnmgZm nWmMr g_VoZo dmT> H$aUmam
{e` hUyZ am_H$UmMr, `mMo bhmZnUrM {ZdS> Ho$br hmoVr. n.
ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm dmQ>m`bm bmJbo. Amn`m {e`mbm AmR>dU
H$$Z Xo`mMr doi Ambr Amho. _hmamO g_mYrV AgVmZm nU
`mZm bmoH$H$`mUmMr {H$Vr H$miOr hmoVr? H$er O~aXV nU
AbJX Aer H$bmQ>Ur `mZr Amn`m M[aZm`H$mMo Am`w`mg {Xbr.
ho AmnUmg nwT>rb gJmd$Z `mZmV `oBbM.
Zmam`U bH$S>|Mr ^oQ> d Am`w`mbm H$bmQ>Ur

am_H$UmMm H$`mU Vo _w~B (V.T.) d naV H$`mU. Agm

bmoH$bMm dmg d Am{\$gMo H$m_, Ago Q>rZ Mmby hmoVo. Am{\$gmV
ZdrZ ZdrZ H$m_o {eH$Uo d Vr VnaVoZo H$aUo. emV d^md. hgam
Moham. gdmer {_iyZ {_giyZ dmJUo. BVamZm _XV H$aUo. m gd
JwUm_wio am_H$U {M\$ B{OZr`a Am{\$g_`o \o$_g Pmbo. Am\$sgMo
H$m_mer g~{YV d bmoH$bMm dmg, mV AZoH$ ZdrZ ZdrZ
_mUgmMr AmoiI hmoD$ bmJbr. EH$ A`V gmYo `{$_d. nm`O_m
d eQ>, Agm gmYm nohamd. ghgm Am{\$g_`o Z {XgUmam nmoemI.
Moh`md$Z `m _mUgmMm ^moionUm bnV ZhVm. bmoH$b_Yrb
S>`mV bdH$a `oD$Z OmJm {_i{dV. ~gyZ emVnUo OnmMr _mi
hmVmV YarV. EH$mJVZo o gnUy 1&& Vmg, H$`mU Vo _w~ B (V.T.) dmgmV
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 21

On H$arV. BVa bmoH$ H$m` hUVrb, mMr ndm Zmhr. gmhOrH$M

am_H$UmMo Hw$Vwhb OmJo Pmbo. Amn`m {_aOo`m KamV MmbUmar
CnmgZm AmR>dbr. `m `$sMo H$mVwH$ dmQ>bo. BVa dm`mH$S>o
MmH$er Ho$br. `m `$sMo Zmd Zmam`U bH$S>o. H$`mUbm ahmV.
H$moUmerM ~mobV ZgV. Amnbm gnyU doi Zm__aUmV KmbdrV. Vo
{M\$ B{OZr`a Am\$sg_`o doJ`m {d^mJmV H$m_mbm hmoVo. am_H$U
Zoh_r `mMoH$S>o ~KV. dV:hZ AmoiI H$$Z Ko`mMr qh_V Pmbr
Zmhr. \$$ XmoKo EH$_oH$mH$S>o ~KyZ hgV.
gmYmaU 1958 Mm gw_ma hmoVm. EH$Xm 8&& `m bmoH$b_`o
Zoh_r_mUo am_H$U H$`mUbm MT>bo. Zoh_r`m grQ>da lr. Zmam`U
bH$S>o ~gbo hmoV.o Vo am_H$UmMr dmQ>M nhmV hmoV.o Zoh_r_mUo qH${MV
hgbo. hUmbo, `m Hw$bH$Uu ~gm _mPo eoOmar. Amnbo Zmd _m{hV
Agbobo nmhZ M{H$V Pmbo. bH$S>mer AmoiI H$$Z Ko`mMr,
am_H$UmMr ~aoM {XdgmMr BN>m hmoVr. `mZm AmZX Pmbm. Vo eoOmar
~gbo. lr. Zmam`U bH$S>|Zr ~mobm`bm gwadmV Ho$br. hUmbo,
am_H$Um Vw_Mo H$moUr Jw$ AmhoV H$m`? _r AOyZn`V H$moUmH$Sy>Z
Jw_M KoVbm Zmhr. H$mim`m AmoKmV ~mbnUr AH$_mV {_imbobr
Zm_{Xjm am_H$U nyUnUo {dg$Z Jobo hmoVo. bH$S>o hUmbo, Zmhr
Ago hmoUma Zmhr. H$mb amr _mPo dZmV Vw_Mo gXJw$ Ambo
hmoVo. `mZr _bm gm{JVbo H$s, _mPm {e` am_H$U _bm
{dg$Z Jobm Amho. H$mhrM Zm__aU H$arV Zmhr. Vwhr `mbm
Zm__aU H$$Z gmYZm H$a`mg gmJm. `mMoH$S>o OmVrZo bj
R>odm. `mZr naV {dMmabo, Vw_`m Kar H$moUr gmYwnwf - _hm_m `oV
hmoVo H$m`? am_H$U hUmbo, _mPo AmB-dS>rb Iyn Ym{_H$ dmrMo.
`m_wio ~aoM _hmamO bmoH$ Am_MoH$S>o `oV. CnmgZm-gmh MmbV.
lr. bH$S>o `mMm Moham \w$rV Pmbm. dZ>mV ImoQ>m R>aUma Zmhr.
Aer `mMr Imr Pmbr. Vo hUmbo, `mMo \$moQ>mo _bm XmIdmb
22 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

H$m`? am_H$U hUmbo, Cm KoD$Z `oVmo.

Xwgao {Xder am_H$UmZr _wm_ noQ>rVyZ hS>Hy$Z H$mT>bobo, n. ny.
^mD$gmho~ _hmamO d n. ny. {J[a_oa _hmamO `mMo \$moQ>mo lr. bH$S>o
`mZm XmI{dbo. nU bH$S>o hUmbo, Zmhr ho XmoKohr _m`m dZmV
Ambo ZhVo. AOyZ H$moUr _hmamO `oV hmoVo H$m`? am_H$UmZm
AmR>dbo. AJXr bhmZnUr EoJir`m eoVmV n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO
ahmV hmoVo. Vgo `mZr bH$S>o `mZm gm{JVbo. hUmbo, _r bhmZ hmoVmo.
Zoh_r `mMo XeZmbm OmV hmoVmo. Vo Am_`m _wbm~amo~a Jnm _marV.
Xodm`m, nwamUmV`m H$Wm gmJV. N>mZ N>mZ gmX XoV. lr. bH$S>|Zm
AmZX Pmbm. dmQ>b,o hoM am_H$UmMo Jw$ Agbo nm{hOoV. `mMm \$moQ>mo
XmIdm. am_H$U {IVoZo hUmbo, `mMm \$moQ>mo _mPoH$S>o Zmhr. Vo 1947
gmbrM g_m{YW Pmbo. H$ZmQ>H$mVrb O_IS>r Vmbw`mV `>r `oWo
`mMr g_mYr Amho. bH$S>Z| m Iyn Am` dmQ>b.o g_m{YW _hm_m
Amnbo dZmV Ambm Agob H$m`? WmoS>o gmeH$M Pmbo. \$moQ>mo ~{KV`m
{edm` g_OUma Zmhr. `mMr CH$R>m dmT>br. hUmbo, `mMm \$moQ>mo
Vwhr bdH$a _bm XmIdm. `mMo{edm` _bm MZ nS>Uma Zmhr.
am_H$Umbm H$Yr EH$Xm `>rbm OmVmo Am{U \$moQ>mo AmUVmo,
Ago Pmbo. AmR>dS>m^amV {_aOobm Om`mMm `moJ Ambm. bJmobJ
{_aOhZ O_IS>r ~gZo `>rbm Jobo. AVa gmYmaU 70 {H$._r.
nU aVm Iam~. `m_wio 3&& Vmg bmJbo. _Z {R>H$mUmda ZhVo.
lr. bH$S>o `mMr ^oQ> Pm`mnmgyZ Vmo gJ `mMo S>mo`mg_mo$Z
hmbVM ZhVm. IaM Amnbo gXJw$ n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO
AgVrb H$m`? bhmZnUMm Zm_ {X`mMm gJ AmR>dbm. CH$R>m
{eJobm nmohMbr. nU \$moQ>mo XmIdyZ Imr Ho$`m{edm` MZ nS>Uma
ZhVo. `>rbm nmohM`mda ^mdnyU _ZmZo n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo
XeZ KoVbo. lr. {OmnmMo XwH$mZmVyZ 2/3 bhmZ _moR>o \$moQ>mo KoD$Z
Ambo. Vmo gJ am_H$UmZr {_aOobm, \$$ Amn`m AmBbm hUOo
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 23

a_m~mBZm gm{JVbm. {VZo EoJir`m n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m

gJ`m Jmo>tZm COiUr {Xbr.
am_H$U H$`mUbm Ambo. Zoh_r`m bmoH$b_`o MT>bo. lr.
Zmam`U bH$S>o `mMo OmJoda ~gyZ, am_H$UmMr dmQ>M nhmV hmoVo.
{IemVyZ n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm \$moQ>mo H$mT>bm. lr. bH$S>o `mZm
XmI{dbm. bH$S>o EH$Q>H$ \$moQ>mHo $S>o nhmVM ~gbo. `mMm A>gmpdH$
^md OmJV Pmbm. AJmda amo_mM C^o am{hbo. hUmbo, am_H$Um !
""hoM _hmamO _m`m dZmV Ambo hmoV.o Am{U Vy `mZm {dg$Z
Jobmg.'' AmVm am_H$UmMo S>moio nmP$ bmJbo. A`V dmBQ>
dmQ>bo. MwH$bmo _r. `mZr bH$S>|Mo nm` Yabo. Am`m_m~b
_bm H$mhrM g_OV Zmhr. AmVm VwhrM _mPo Jw$. _bm _mJXeZ
H$am. bH$S>|Zr am_H$Umbm g_Omdbo. n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO
g_m{YW AgyZgwm, gy_ XohmZo `mMo H$m` Mmby Amho. `mo` doir
`mZr _mPoV\}$ Vwbm gmdY Ho$bo Amho. Vy amoO H$_rV H$_r 3000 On
H$a. _hmamOmMo Vw`mH$S>o bj AmhoM. doimodoir A`jnUo Vo Vwbm
_mJXeZ H$aVrb. lr. bH$S>o JmS>rV, hmVmV _mi g_moa Y$Z On
H$arV. bmoH$ H$m` hUVrb? `mMr `mZm ndm ZhVr. `mMo EH$gmaIo
Zm__aU Mmby amhr. H$moUVohr H$m_ H$arV AgVmZm `mMm _mZ{gH$
On Mmby amhr. Q>m`boQ>_`o AgVmZm nU `mV IS> Zgo. Ago `mZr
gm{JVbo. am_H$Umda `m`m `$s_dmMm Iyn ^md nS>bm. bH$S>o
hUmbo, am_H$Um _r {Zbm Amho. VwPo Vgo Zmhr. bmoH$ H$m`
hUVrb, m {dMmamZo VwPo _Z Zm__aUmnmgyZ {dMbrV hmoBb.
hUyZ Vy JmS>rV EH$m H$mon`mV C^o amhZ On H$a. amrnU H$a.
jU^ahr Zm__aUmnmgyZ Xya OmD$ ZH$mog. Zaqghoa _hmamO VwPo
nmR>rer AmhoVM. nwT>o Vw`mH$Sy>Z _moR>o H$m` KS>m`Mo Amho. hUyZM
_hmamOmZr _bm dZ>mV {Xbm. lr. Zmam`U bH$S>o `mZm dmMm {gr hmoVr. ghOM H$mhr ~mobbo, Var Iao hmoV Ago.
24 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

n. ny. {Z`mZX dm_tMo XeZ

H$`mUnmgyZ 45 {H$._r. AVamda JUoenwar Amho. VoWo n. ny.

{Z`mZX dm_r ZmdmMo _hm_m dmV`mg AgVmV. Ago lr. Zmam`U
bH$S>o `mZm _m{hV hmoVo. am_H$UmZm `mMo XeZmg KoD$Z Omdo, Ago
`mZm dmQ>bo. EH$m a{ddmar am_H$UmZm KoD$Z Vo gH$mirM {ZKmbo.
10 dmOVm JUoenwarbm nmohMbo. H$mhrVar Cgd hmoVm. Iyn JXu
hmoVr. CnmgZoMm hmb nyU ^abobm hmoVm. OdiM {Z`mZX dm_tMo
{ZdmgWmZ. dm_tMo XeZ {_iUo _wpH$b hmoVo. {Z`mZX dm_r
C H$moQ>rMo _hm_m. XeZ KoV`m{edm` naV Om`Mo Zmhr. Agm
XmoKmZr {ZM` Ho$bm. {ZdmgWmZm`m _mJ`m ~mOybm EH$
H$Sw>qb~mMo PmS> hmoVo. H$>m ~mYbobm hmoVm. JXu ZhVr. WmoS>o {Zame
hmoD$Z VoWoM ~gbo. hmVmV _mi KoD$Z On H$$ bmJbo. gmYmaU
AYm Vmg Jobm. VodT>mV ~mOyZo n. ny. {Z`mZX ~m~m Q>m`boQ>bm
Jobo. ~amo~a EH$ {e` bmoQ>m KoD$Z OmV hmoVm. nmR>_moao XeZ Pmbo.
naV `oVmZm g_mo$Z XeZ hmoBb. hUyZ VgoM ~gyZ am{hbo. gmYmaU
A`m VmgmZo dm_r naV `oV hmoVo. bm~da {Xgbo. XeZ hmoUma hUyZ
A`mZX Pmbm. dm_r 15-20 \y$Q>mda Ambo. H$mir VwH$VwH$sV
H$mVr. 6&& \y$Q> CMr. ^aXma Xoh`>r, AOmZ~mh, H$_aobm \$$
bJmoQ>r. ~mH$s Xoh gJim CKS>m. JUoemgmaIo _moR>o nmoQ>. VoOn O
w
S>moio. S>mo`mVyZ AmB Hw$S>{bZr OUy AmJ AmoH$Vo`. Zmam`U
bH$S>o d am_H$U _hmamO XmoKoOU ~KVM am{hbo. Odi
Am`mda CRy>Z C^o am{hbo. hmV OmoSy>Z Z_H$ma Ho$bm. {Z`mZX
dm_tZr Amn`m ^oXH$ ZOaoZo `m`mH$S>o nm{hbo. ~amo~a`m {e`mbm
gm{JVbo, `mZm {ZdmgWmZr XeZmbm KoD$Z `o. dm_tZr bm~yZM
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 25

Zmam`U bH$S>|Mm AV

XmoKmZm On H$aVmZm nm{hbo hmoVo.

am_H$UmMo d bH$S>|Mo ^m`M CX`mbm Ambo. EdT>m JXuV
^JdVmZo dV: XeZmbm ~mobmdbo. AmZXmZo VoWoM ~gbo. WmoS>m
doimZo {e` VoWo Ambm. JXuVyZ dmQ> H$mT>V XmoKmZm KoD$Z dm_tOdi
Jobm. {Zdmg WmZr n. ny. {Z`mZX dm_r {IS>H$s`m JOmbm hmV
Y$Z C^o hmoVo. Imbr dmHy$Z nm`mbm ne H$$Z XeZ KoVbo. dm_r
hgV hmoVo. `mZr COdm hmV da H$$Z XmoKmZm AmerdmX {Xbm.
_hmamOmMr JUoenwarMr `mm g\$b Pmbr.

AmVm am_H$UmZo R>a{dbo H$s, H$moU`mhr n[apWVrV ZoQ>mZo

Zm__aU CnmgZm H$am`Mr. `m_mUo ^$s^mdmZo Vmo gd H$$
bmJbm. OrdZmbm EH$X_ H$bmQ>Ur {_imbr. am_H$Um`m gmYH$
OrdZmbm gwdmV Pmbr. lr. bH$S>o H$_r ~mobV. nU _YyZ_YyZ
Amn`m eH$m am_H$U `mZm {dMm$ bmJbm. gmYZ dmT>rg bmJbo.
XrS> dfmMm bH$S>|Mm ghdmg _hmamOmZm Iyn Cn`w$ R>abm. nU
{dYr{bIrV H$mhr doJioM hmoVo. bH$S>|Mo Zm__aU Ogo Vrd. VgmM
`mMm amJhr Vrd. Zm__aUmV Ambobo {dZ `mZm A{O~mV ghZ
hmoV Zgo. Vo amoO amr 2&& bm CR>V d Zm__aUmg ~gV. Vgm
KS>mimMm JOa bmdrV. EH$Xm `mMo d{S>bmZm H$moR>o bdH$a Om`Mo
hmoVo. `mZr Zmam`UZo bmdbobm KS>mimMm JOa ~XbyZ nhmQ>o MmaMm
bmdbm. KamV JOamMo EH$M KS>mi hmoVo. JOa Pm`mda Zmam`U
CR>bm. nhmVmo Va Mma dmObobo. amoOMm {Z`_ MwH$bm. Zm__aUmMm
1&& Vmg dm`m Jobm. Zmam`UmMm amJ AZmda Pmbm. d{S>bm~amo~a
H$S>m`mMo ^mS>U Pmbo. amJmV Ka gmoSy>Z {ZKmbo.
26 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

`mM{Xder g`mH$mir gmZJS>mda Ambo. `m doiog n. ny.

lrYadm_r JS>mda _w` hmoVo. Cgd Mmby hmoVm. Iyn JXu hmoVr.
Ceram nmohM`mZo OmJm {_imbr Zmhr. amJ _VH$mV {eabm. _m`m
gma`m C gmYH$mMm An_mZ Pmbm. _ZmdaMm Vm~m gwQ>bm. am
Pmbr hmoVr. JS>m`m _mJMo ~mOybm Jobo. Imbr Imob Xar hmoVr.
H$`mU dm_tMr AmR>dU Pmbr. dV:Mr narjm nhm`mMr BN>m
AZmda Pmbr. S>moHo$ Ja_ hmoVoM. g_W am_Xmgdm_r, H$`mU
dm_tgmaIo Amn`mbm dmMdVrbM. ~g, AJmdarb gd H$nS>o
CVadbo. \$$ bJmoQ>r, VodT>r R>do br. gmYH$mbm amJ AmdaVm Ambm
nm{hOo. nU Zmhr. g_WmMo Zmd KoD$Z _mabr H$S>md$Z Imbr
CS>r. XarV XJS>mda S>moHo$ AmnQy>Z JVmU Pmbo. Xoh Imbr XarV
nS>bm. WmoS>m AmdmO Pmbm. nU am Ag`mZo H$moUmbm H$mhr H$ibo
Zmhr. gH$mir nhm`mdaMo nmobrg JS>mda Ambo. H$S>mdaMo H$nS>o
nm{hbo. Z$sM H$moUrVar CS>r _mabr Agbr nm{hOo. emoYmemoY Pmbr.
nU `odT>m Imob XarVbm Xoh {_iUma Var H$gm! eQ>`m {IemV
CgdmMr nmdVr {_imbr. `mda \$$ Zmam`U Zmd hmoV.o gmVm`m`m
nmobrg Q>oeZmV Ver Zm|X Ho$br Jobr.
Mma {XdgmZr am_H$UmZm hr hH$sH$V EH$m H$`mU`m _mUgmZo
gm{JVbr. Vr ghOM. `moJm`moJM Vmo. Vmo ZwH$VmM JS>mda OmD$Z
Ambm hmoVm. Am_h`m H$aUm`m _mUgmMo Zmd, Zmam`U EoHy$Z
am_H$UmZm eH$m Ambr. EH$m AmR>dS>mnmgyZ Zmam`U bH$S>o
Am\$sgbm `oV ZhVo. bH$S>|`m Kar Jobo. d{S>bmH$Sy>Z gd hH$sH$V
g_Obr. AmVm Va Imr Pmbr. d{S>bmZm KoD$Z Vo gmVmam nmobrg
Q>oeZbm Jobo. H$nS>md$Z AmoiI nQ>br. gd H$mhr gnbo hmoVo.
am_H$UmZm Iyn dmBQ> dmQ>bo. `m`m Am`w`mbm H$bmQ>Ur XoUmao
_mJXeH$ Am{U JwWmZr Agbobo lr. Zmam`Uamd bH$S>o. `mMo
Ago _aU nmhZ _hmamO gw Pmbo. 1&& dfmMm Vmo ghdmg AmR>dbm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 27

H$s, AmOhr _hmamOmZm Jhrd$Z `oVo. gmYH$mZr Amnbm H$moY

Vm`mV R>odbm nm{hOo. Ago Zoh_r am_H$U _hmamO Amn`m
{e`mZm gmJVmV.
ZmoH$ar~amo~a gmYZ d H$`mUMo dmV`

am_H$UmMo Am\$sg_`o EImm gmYygmaIo dmJUo, ~mobUo, emV

d^md. ~hMmar AgyZ {Z`_rV Zm__aU-CnmgZm H$aUo. ho gJio
~KyZ Am\$sg_Yrb gd bmoH$ `mZm "_hmamO' hUy bmJbo. nU
XmT>r ZhVr. gmYm nQ>-eQ> Agm gm_m` _mUgmgmaIm nmoemI.
bH$S>o d _hmamOmMr _r gdmZm _mhrV hmoVr. bH$S>| `m Am_h`o_i
w o
gdOU am_H$UmZm hUm`bo bmJbo. On-Omn g~ ~X H$amo& H$moB
\$m`Xm Zhr& Amn ^r bH$S>o Ogo _a OmdmoJo& ZmBbmOmZo am_H$UmZr
JmS>rVbm On WmoS>o {Xdg ~X Ho$bm. nU `mMr H$ga Vo amr d nhmQ>o
CRy>Z ^$Z H$mTy> bmJbo. Zm__aUmZo {Mm ew Pmbo hmoVo. doi H$mTy>Z
`mMm gXm` JW "Xmg~moY' d "kmZodarMo' A`mg `w$ dmMZ
Ho$bo. BVahr JW dmMbo. g_W gXJw$ Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo doimodoir
>mV$nmZo _mJXeZ hmoV hmoVo. Am`m_ dmTy>Z gmYH$ pWVr CV
hmoV hmoVr. nyU kmZmMr Vi_i dmT>br hmoVr. dS>rb ~Yy lr. JmoqdXamd
n. ny. ~miH$U _hmamOmMo AZwJ{hV. am_H$U nU _YyZ_YyZ
ZXodabm OmV. ~miH$U _hmamOmMr godm H$arV. _mJXeZ KoV.
_w~B`m Am\$sg_`o {M\$ B{O{Z`a lr. Eg. Eb. Jwmgmho~
Iyn hema nU {eV{` hmoVo. _moR> _moR>o A{YH$mar `mZm dMHy$Z
AgV. H$m_m_`o jwH$ MwH$ nU `mZm InV Zgo. am_H$Um`m
H$m_mVrb MmoInUm d {MH$mQ>r `mMo bjmV Ambr hmoVr. EH$Xm amr
10 dmObo hmoVo. Jwmgmho~ H$mhr O$ar`m H$m_mgmR>r `m`m
28 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

a_m~mBZm H$memMo XeZ

H$~rZ_`o Ambo. ~mOy`m S>mBJ Am\$sg_`o {Xdm OiV hmoVm. Vo

Hw$VwhbmZo S>mBJ Am\$sg_`o Ambo. am_H$U EH$Q>oM AOQ> Agbobo
EQ>r_oQ> V`ma H$a`mV _ hmoVo. Jwmgmho~ Iwe Pmbo. `mZr
am_H$UmZm em~mgH$s {Xbr. Xwg`m {Xder Am\$sg_`o gJ`mg_moa
H$mVwH$ H$$Z noeb [admS> (~jrg) Omhra Ho$bo.
B. g. 1965 _`o am_H$Um`m ~{hUrMo `O_mZ lr. _mYdamd
H$mQ>H$a `mMr ~Xbr H$`mUhZ Ah_XZJabm Pmbr. d dmS>rVbo
`mMo Ka am_H$UmZr KoVbo. dV amh bmJbo. gmYZobm MmJbm
EH$mV {_imbm. Mhm-nmUr Kar H$arV nU OodUmMm S>~m ~mho$Z
AmUV. _moR>r ~hrU gm. H$mer~mBMm _wbJm lr. AaqdX. ZwH$VmM
B.Com. Pmbm hmoVm. ZmoH$ar emoY`mgmR>r H$`mUbm Ambm.
_hmamOmOdiM amh bmJbm. Mma _{h`mV `mbm H$`mU `oWrb
H$Zam ~Ho$V ZmoH$ar {_imbr. _m_mbm AaqdX Iyn _mZ XoB. WmoS>oM
{XdgmV lr. AaqdX Hw$bHw$Uu `mMo b Pmbo. am_H$UmMo _moR>o ^mD$
lr. JmoqdXamd `mMr EHw$bVr EH$ _wbJr gm. H$bmdVr `mZm {Xbr
hmoVr. WmoS>mM {XdgmV am_H$U _m_mMr ~Xbr nZdobbm Pmbr.
`mMr OmJm AaqdXmZo KoVbr. {_aOoMr _S>ir d lr. JmoqdXamd
_YyZ_YyZ H$`mUbm `oV. am_H$UmMr gmYZm nmhZ JmoqdXamdmZm
AmZX hmoB. Vo nU Am`mp_H$ dmrMo gmYH$ hmoVo.

_hmamOm`m _mVmolr a_m~mB EH$Xm H$`mUbm H$mhr {XdgmgmR>r

Am`m hmo`m. `m dV: d`nmH$ H$$Z am_H$UmZm Oody KmbrV.
EH$Xm am ~arM Pmbr hmoVr. am_H$U Pmonbo hmoVo. AmBbm Pmon `oV
ZhVr. ImobrVbm {Xdm ~X hmoVm. a_m~mB hmVmV _mi KoD$Z On
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 29

nZdobbm ^y am_MmMo XeZ

H$arV ~g`m. S>moio AYdQ> {_Q>bobo hmoVo. _YoM _mo>m AmdmOmV

hUm`m, EdT>m _moR>m {Xdm H$embm bmdbmg? ~X H$a. BVH$m COoS>
_bm ghZ hmoV Zmhr. am_H$U CR>bo. nhmVmV Va gd bmBQ> ~X.
ImobrV AYma. _hmamO C_Jbo. Zm__aU H$aV AgVmZm AmBbm
H$memMo XeZ Pmbo. ^mdm_wio ^$s \$img Ambr hmoVr.
26 OmZodmarbm am_H$UmZr AmBbm gd _w~ B XmI{dbr. g_wmMo
XeZ KoVbo. amr gd 26 OmZodmarMo bmBQ>tJ nmhZ Iwe Pm`m.
_w~BV`m CMM CM B_maVr. _moR>_moR>o aVo. ^am^a YmdUm`m bmoH$b
JmS>m. MmnmQ>rd$Z {XgUmam bm~M bm~ g_w. gJio H$mhr
a_m~mBgmR>r ZdrZ Am{U XoIUo hmoVo.

Owb 1966 _`o _hmamOmZm {g{Z`a S>mQ>g_Z hUyZ _moeZ

{_imbo. `mMr ~Xbr H$`mUhZ nZdobbm Pmbr. {Xdm-AmnQ>m
H$moH$U aodoMo H$m_ `mZm {_imbo. nZdobbm ~mimgmho~ XodYa `mMo
dmS>mV am_H$UmZm EH$ Imobr {_imbr. VoWo amh bmJbo. MhmnmUr \$$ Kar H$arV. nhmQ>o 4 bm CRy>Z VrZ Vmg {Z`_rV On-`mZ.
g`mH$mir 6 dmOVm Am\$sg_YyZ naV Am`mda XmoZ Vmg gmYZm.
Imobr AmR> ~m` XhmMr bhmZerM. EH$m H$mon`mV MhmMo gm_mZ d
bhmZ _moR>o 4-5 S>~o. Xwg`m H$mon`mV H$nS>m`m XmoZ ~Jm. EdT>oM
gm_mZ. _`o gVaOr AWabobr. amoOMr CnmgZm N>mZ Mmbbr hmoVr.
`oWohr am_H$U, _hmamO hUyZM AmoiIbo OmV. dmS>mV ~hVoH$
_`_ dJu`, Ym{_H$ dmrMr Hw$Qw>~o. _hmamOmMm emV d^md.
Am`mp_H$ dmr. Zdb dmQ>Umao gmYZ. m_wio AmOy~mOyMo bmoH$
AmH${f V Pmbo . _hmamOm M o Imo b rV H| $ hmhr `o V . Amn`m
30 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

AS>MUt~b, Va H$Yr H$Yr Am`m_m~b ~mobV ~gV. _hmamO

`mMo g_mYmZ H$arV. nU bhmZ Imobr Am{U bmoH$mMo doir Adoir
OmUo-`oUo. _hmamOmMo gmYZmV ``` `oD$ bmJbm. Ka_mbH$
~mimgmho~mMo, Vo bjmV Ambo. `mZm nU Am`m_mMr AmdS> hmoVr.
dmS>mMo EH$m ~mOybm Agbobr AS>JirMr EH$ Imobr `mZr [aH$m_r
H$$Z KoVbr. `dpWV gm\$ Ho$br. amr 8 Vo 9 dmS>mVrb bmoH$
VoWo O_y bmJbo. amoO EH$ Vmg^a _hmamO, nmanm[aH$ ^OZ d AmaVr,
Aer CnmgZm KoD$ bmJbo. ZVa _hmamO N>mQo >m`m dMZmmao bmoH$mZm
CX~moYZ H$arV. ~m`H$m-nwfmMr CnpWVr dmTy> bmJbr. dmS>mVrb
dmVmdaU Am`mp_H$ Pmbo.
am_H$UmZr Mma {Xdg gw>r KoVbr. e{Zdma-a{ddma bmJyZ gmV
{Xdg {_imbo. _hmamOmZr H$S>H$ Cndmg H$$Z gmV {XdgmMo AZw>mZ
Ho$bo. Vo ImobrVM. gH$mir 6 dmOonmgyZ amr 8 dmOon`V Zm__aU
`mZ. amr 8 Vo 9 dmS>mVbr CnmgZm. `mVyZ Cndmg. XyY d WmoS>go M
o
ImUo. AJ hbHo$ Pmbo hmoVo. AJmV e$sMm gMma Pm`mgmaIm
dmQ>V hmoVm. AZw>mZmV amoO 11 hOma On H$arV. AZw>mZmMm ghmdm
{Xdg hmoVm. amr 11 Mr doi hmoVr. AmO am_H$UmMr `mZ-g_mYr
MmJbrM bmJbr hmoVr. Zoh_rMr Pmonm`Mr doi Q>iyZ Jobr. ImobrV
N>moQ>mgm bmBQ> Mmby hmoVm. `mZm_`o _hmamOmZm {Xgbo. ^w am_M,
grVm_mB d b_U Ago {VKoOU EH$m nmoR>mnmR> EH$ Ago Imobr`m
XmamVyZ AmV Ambo. am_H$U ^m~mdyZ Jobo. ~gm`bm H$mhr Q>mH$m`Mo
AmVM Vo H$mon`mVrb S>`mda ~gbo. _`o ^w am_M. EH$m ~mOybm
grVm_mB. Va Xwg`m ~mOybm b_U. ImobrV {X` Agm {ndiga
H$me nS>bm hmoVm. ^w am_M `mMo Zoh_rMoM doemV hmoVo. H$_aobm
bmbga aoe_r H$X. S>mo`mbm gmoZoar _wHw$Q>. J`mV gmoZoar Q>nmo`m
~moamMr _mi. hmVmV YZw`. hgao S>moio. am_H$U EH$ Q>H$ ^w
am_MmZm nhmV hmoVo. `mMo {X` $n S>mo`mV gmR>dyZ KoV hmoVo. ^w
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 31

am_MmZm H$mhrVar XyY dJao mdo Ago am_H$Um`m _ZmV Ambo.

nU {VKohr S>`mda ~gbo hmoVo. Am{U XyY S>`mMo AmV PmHy$Z R>odbo
hmoVo. am_H$UmMm ZmBbmO Pmbm. am_MmZr hgV hgV am_H$UmH$S>o
nmhZ AmerdmXna hmV Ho$bm Am{U CR>bo. {VKohr EH$m nmR>monmR> EH$
Ago ImobrVyZ ~mhoa nS>bo. _hmamO `m AZno{jV dJu` XeZmZo
^mamdyZ Jobo. _hmamO g_mYrVM hmoVo.
AOyZ ImobrVrb {Xdm Mmby Amho. Ago nmhZ dmS>mVrb lr.
haJmnwao `mZr Xmamda Q>H$Q>H$ Ho$br. am_H$U _hmamO hUyZ AmdmO
{Xbm. am_H$UmMr ^md g_mYr ^J nmdbr. lr. hbJmnwao AmV Ambo.
hUmbo, _hmamO Pmonm AmVm. amrMo 11 dmOyZ Jobo. _hmamO V{VM
hmoVo. hmo hUmbo. OmV gdmX dmT>{d`mMr _Z:pWVr ZhVr. ^w
am_Mm`m {dbmo^Zr` XeZmZo V Pmbo hmoV.o Amnbr gmYZoMr
JmS>r amO_mJmbm bmJbr Amho. Ago H$iyZ MwH$bo. Vr gnyU
am _hmamO EH$m Abm{H$H$ AmZXm`m V{V hmoVo.
am_H$Um`m Am_gmjmH$mamMo ^m{H$V

nZdobbm AgVmZm am_H$UmMo {_ lr. {Iao EH$ {Xdg Kar

Ambo. `oWo EH$ _hmamO Ambo AmhoV. XodrMo _moR>o ^$ AgyZ gmjmH$mar
AmhoV. Amn`m ZmMr Cmao XoVmV. AmnU `mZm ^oQy>Z `oD$.
am_H$UmMo Hw$Vwhb OmJo Pmbo. nZdob_`o EH$m ^$mMo Kar
_hmamOmMm _w$m_ hmoVm. am_H$U d lr. {Iao XmoKoOU g`mH$mir
`m _hmamOmH$S>o Jobo. nmT>ao YmoVa d nmT>am gXam. gmYmM nmoemI
hmoVm. H$nmimda _moR>o bmb Hw$Hw$. Moh`mda VoO hmoVo. `mZr Amnbr
Or^ e|S>mda WmoS>r H$mnyZ KoVbr hmoVr. `mMo {e` hUmbo, EH$M Z
{dMmam. am_H$UmZr Imbr dmHy$Z Z_H$ma Ho$bm. 5 n`o X{jUm R>do br.
32 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_`XoemV H$Q>Zrbm ~Xbr

g_moa AX~rZo ~gbo. `mdoir am_H$UmMo d` 32 dfmMo hmoV.o am_H$UmZr

{dMmabo, _hmamO _r {Z`{_VnUo ^$s^mdmZo gmYZm H$aVmo.
_bm gmjmH$ma hmoBb H$m`? _hmamOmZr jU^a am_H$UmH$S>o
nm{hbo. qH${MV S>moio {_Q>bo. hUmbo, Vwbm ~amo~a d`m`m
48 `m dfu gmjmH$ma hmoBb. VwPo Jw$ g_W AmhoV. nwT>o `mMo
^m{H$V Iao R>abo.

B. g. 1968 AmQ>mo~a_`o _hmamOmMr ~Xbr _` XoemVrb

H$Q>Zr `oWo Pmbr. {S>hrOZ Am\$sg O~bnyabm hmoVo. H$Q>Zr-O~bnya
AVa gmYmaU 90 {H$._r. H$Q>Zr Am\$sgbm _hmamOmZm H$Q>ZrqeJamobr mOoQ>Mo H$m_ {_imbo. VoWo lr. nT>arZmW X. ^S>J
hoS>S>mQ>g_Z hmoVo. Vo AmVm Zoh_r `>rbm `oUmao ^$ lr. O`V
^S>J `mMo dS>rb. `mMoM A{gQ>Q> hUyZ am_H$UmZr H$m_ Ho$bo.
lr. nT>arZmW ^S>J ho aodo $mQ>a_`o H$Q>Zrbm ahmV. `m`m nZr
gm. {Z_bmVmB ^S>J m O~bnyabm _wbmgh `mMo {ejUmgmR>r ahmV.
am_H$Um`m H$m_mVrb g\$mB_wio d gmYy-Vw` OrdZebrZo lr.
^S>J Hw$Qw>~r` `mMoH$S>o AmH${fV Pmbo. n[aM` dmT>bm. lr. ^S>J
`mMm ~aoM doim OodUmMm S>~m O~bnyahZ `oV Ago. Vo am_H$UmZm
nU `mV gh^mJr H$arV. S>`mV`m ^mOUr`m WmbrnrR>mMr Md
AOyZnU _hmamOmZm AmR>dVo. lr. O`V ^S>J ho `mdoigo O~bnyabm
ZhVo. {ejU gndyZ _w~Bg ZmoH$arbm Jobo hmoVo. n. ny. am_H$U
_hmamO {h_mb`mVyZ VnM`m H$$Z Am`mda B. g. 1987 gmbr
A~aZmWbm (_w~B) lr. nT>arZmW ^S>J `mMo Kar Jobo hmoVo. `mdoiog
lr. O`V ^S>J `mMm _hmamOmer n[aM` Pmbm. `WmdH$me gd
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 33

gVZm d {MHw$Q>Mo XeZ

^S>J Hw$Qw>~r`mZr (_wbo, gwZm, ZmVdS>mgh) n. ny. am_H$U

_hmamOmH$Sy>Z _-{Xjm KoVbr.
am_H$U ~`mM doiog Am\$sgMo H$m_mgmR>r O~bnyabm
{S>hrOZ Am\$sg_`o OmV. EH$Xm AH$_mV `mMo H$mboO_Yrb
{_ lr. har^mD$ Omoer ^oQ>bo. Vo O~bnya Am\$sgbmM hmoVo. XmoKm
{_mZm EH$_oH$mZm ~KyZ Iyn AmZX Pmbm. 16-17 dfmZVa naV
^oQ> Pmbr hmoVr. h[a^mD$ Omoer AmJhmZo am_H$UmZm Amn`m
O~bnya`m Kar KoD$Z Jobo. `m`m nZr gm. {d_bVmBMr AmoiI
Pmbr. `mdoigo h[a^mD$ nyUn Uo ggm[aH$ hmoV.o am_H$Um`m ~Mmar
Ag`mMo d gmYZmMo `mZm Iyn H$mVwH$ dmQ>bo. Amnbm {_ BVH$m
H$gm ~Xbbm? AmM` dmQ>bo. Jnm`m AmoKmV am_H$UmZr n. ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamOm~b d Amn`m n[adVZm~b gm{JVbo. h[a^mD$
{Z`{_V nyOm-AMm H$arV. H$b Am`mp_H$M hmoVm.

H$Q>Zrbm aodo dmQ>a_`o emVVm hmoVr. _hmamOmMr gmYZm

AmVmn`V pWa Pmbr hmoVr. _YyZ _YyZ H$meMo AZw^d `oV. n. ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamO XeZ XoV. `m_wio _hmamO {MH$mQ>rZo Am{U
Amp_`VoZo gmYZm H$$ bmJbo. Am\$sgMo H$m_ nU VodT>mM EH$mJVZo o
H$arV. `mZm_wio _Z pWa hmoVo. `mMmM hm n[aUm_. ghH$mar
am_H$UmZm b H$$Z Ko`mMm AmJh H$arV. nU _hmamO Vo Mo>odmar
ZoV. CbQ> b Z H$a`mMm `mMm {ZM` n$m Pmbm. ggmamV amhZ
gmYZoV JVr hmoUma Zmhr. ho `mZm H$iyZ MwH$bo.
H$Q>Zr`m nwT>Mo aodoQ>oeZ gVZm. VoWyZ 40 {H$._r. AVamda
_`aMr Xodr. _` XoemV _moR>r `mV. _hmamO EH$m gw>r`m
34 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

{Xder Amn`m ghH$m`m~amo~a gV`mbm Jobo. VoWyZ ~gZo _`abm.

XodrMo XoD$i CM S>m|Jamda. nm``m MTy>Z da Jobo. gwXa _{Xa. n[aga
Va IynM N>mZ. _moamda ~gbobr XodrMr _yVu. hUyZM {Vbm _`aMr
Xodr hUyZ Zmd Amho. $n nhmVM ahmdo Ago. _hmamOmZr XeZ KoVbo.
EH$ {Xdg amhZ n{d n[agamV gmYZm Ho$br.
^y am_M dZdmgmV AgVmZm ~arM df} `mMo dmV` {MHw$Q>
n[agamV hmoVo. {MHw$Q> hm ndV. AdVr-^modVr Iyn XmQ> OJb.
H$Q>ZrnmgyZ 10-12 VmgmMm dmg. _hmamO AmR>dS>m^a gw>r H$mTy>Z
{MHw$Q>bm Jobo. ^y am_Mm`m dmV`mZo n{d Pmbobr ^y_r.
Ag` _{Xao. Ar _wZtMo nU dmV` {MHw$Q>bm hmoVo. AZwgy`m
_mVoMo _moR>o N>mZ _{Xa Amho. am_H$U _hmamOmZr gnUy n[aga ~{KVbm.
4-5 {Xdg _Zgmo$ qhS>bo. AmdS>bo`m {R>H$mUr gmYZm Ho$br. ^w
am_MmMr H$nm m H$$Z KoVbr.
~Jmbr OmXyJmam`m {di`mV

_hmamO H$Q>Zrbm AgVmZm {~hmar moOoQ>da H$m_ H$arV. VoWyZ

120 {H$._r. AVamda "A_aH$Q>H$.' Z_Xm ZXrMo CJ_WmZ. Z_Xm
n[aH$_Um~b _hmamOmZr EoH$bobo. doi H$mTy>Z EH$Xm A_aH$Q>H$bm
Jobo. EH$Q>oM hmoVo. da S>m|Jamda Z_XoMm CJ_. XmoZ YmamV {d^mJyZ
nm`mMm dmh S>m|Jamd$Z Imbr `oVmo. hUyZ `mbm "Xmo-Ymam'
hUVmV. Iyn XmQ> OJb. _hmamOm`m _ZmV ^abo. 3-4 {Xdg
amhZ gmYZm H$amdr. Ago dmQ>b.o A_aH$Q>H$bm dmbao `m A{h`m~mB
hmoiH$a `mZr ~mYbobr Y_emim Amho. VoWo Imobr KoVbr. ImobrV
gmYZm H$am`Mo. OJbmV ^Q>H$m`Mo. {ZOZ {R>H$mUr `mZ H$am`Mo.
XmoZ {Xdg _V Jobo. {Vg`m {Xder gH$mirM bm~da OJbmV Jobo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 35

AmO doJ`mM ~mOybm Jobo hmoVo.

4-5 ~Jmbr gmYy ^oQ>bo. `mZr AmnwbH$sZo am_H$UmMr MmH$er
Ho$br. gm_m` _mUgmMm nQ>-eQ> Agm nohamd. `mVyZ EH$Q>mM. nmhZ
AmZX Pmbm. hUmbo, Mbmo ~m~yOr, `hm ZO{XH$hr h_mam Aml_
h& Imdmo-{nAmo& Amam_ H$amo& ^yH$ bmJbrM hmoVr. _hmamO
`m`m~amo~a Job.o Aml_ N>mQo >mgmM hmoVm. Hw$R>`mVar ~Jmbr gmYyMm
_mo>m \$moQ>mo R>odbobm hmoVm. _`^mJr `kHw$S> hmoVo. ~mOybmM _mUgmMr
H$dQ>r-hmS>o R>odbobr hmoVr. _hmamOmZm {d{M dmQ>bo. hm H$mhrVar
OmXy-Q>mo`mMm H$ma Ag`mMo H$iyZ MwH$bo. gd gmYy Ood`mg
~gbo. _hmamOmZm Amn`m~amo~a ~gdbo. nwar-^mOr, ~Jmbr {_R>mB
Agm ~oV hmoVm. _hmamO Oam {~MH$VM Oodbo. VarnU gmYyZr AmJh
Ho$bm. ~m~yOr noQ> ^aHo$ Imdmo& ea_mZm Zhr& OodU Pm`mda _hmamO
naV {ZKmbo. nU Vo gmYyH$mhr `mZm naV OmD$ XoBZm. BVZr `m
OXr h& {dlm_ H$aHo$ Omd& _hmamO JS>~S>bo. nU ZmBbmO Pmbm.
_ZmV`m _ZmV n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm Ymdm H$$ bmJbo. Vo
gmYy _hmamOmZm EH$Q>o gmoS>VM ZhVo.
`m gmYy`m ~mob`md$Z _hmamOmZm H$iyZ MwH$bo H$s, Vo gmYy
AmO amr _hmamOmMm Za~ir Xodrbm AnU H$aUma AmhoV. _hmamO
Km~abo. nU gmYyZm H$iy Z`o hUyZ `m`mer ~mobV am{hbo.
g`mH$mi Pmbr. gmYyZm {dMmabo, V>r OmZm h& bmoQ>m H$hm h?
gmYyZr bmoQ>m nm`mZo ^$Z {Xbm. Aml_m`m S>m`m ~mOyMr dmQ>
XmI{dbr. ~m~yOr OmXm Xya _V OmZm& OXr Amd& AYoam hmo Om`oJm&
_hmamO emVnUo bmoQ>m KoD$Z Job.o Aml_ {XgoZmgm Pm`mda Jmdm`m
{XeoZo niV gwQ>bo. AJXr Ordm`m AmH$mVmZo. A`m VmgmZo
A_aH$Q>H$`m Y_emioV Ambo. `m{Xder gXJw$ZrM _hmamOmZm
dmMdbo. Xwg`m {Xder gH$mirM A_aH$Q>H$hZ naV {ZKmbo.
36 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hmamO amMrV

gmdr a_m~mBMo {ZYZ

H$Q>ZrhZ amMr 200 {H$. _r. _hmamOmZr e{Zdma-a{ddmabm

bmJyZ 2 {Xdg gw>r KoVbr. amMrbm Jobo. VoWo am{hbo. gnyU amMr
eha ~{KVbo. Z_Xm ZXrH$mR> \$maM gwXa. gmYy bmoH$ Z_XoMr gnyU
X{jUm H$aVmV. Vr CJ_mnmgyZ EH$m ~mOyZo Vo g_wmn`V. VoWo ZXr
H$mg H$$Z naV Xwg`m ~mOyZo WoQ> CJ_mn`V. gd X{jUm nm`r
MmbV. AJXr ZXr`m H$mR>mH$mR>mZo. g_moa nmUr {Xgbo nm{hOo, EdT>m
AVamd$Z. Z_Xm X{jUoMo \$ma _hd gm{JVbo Amho. dmQ>oV ZmZm
AS>MUtZm Vm|S> `mdo bmJVo. Z_Xm XodVm$nmZo Vw_Mo ajU H$aVo.
Vwhmbm Cnmer amh XoV Zmhr. dmQ>Vo H$moUrVar Vwhmbm Oodm`bm XoVmoM.
EImX doiog H$moR>oM OodU {_imbo Zmhr, Va Z_XmXodr H$moR>`mVar
$nmZo `j `oD$Z Vwhmbm gmX XoVo. Aem KQ>Zm KS>bo`m AmhoV.
Z_XmH$mR>r g`mZX ~m~mMm Aml_ hmoVm. Vo _moR>o `moJr. {e`mZm Vo
hQ>`moJmMr gmYZm {eH${dV. _hmamOmZm `moJmMr AmdS> hmoVr. _hmamO
EH$ {Xdg VoWo am{hbo. `mMr d g`mZX ~m~mMr MmJbr AmoiI
Pmbr.

B. g. 1970 `m Owb_`o am_H$UmMr ~Xbr AmJm `oWo Pmbr.

Zmoh|~a 1970 _`o gmdr a_m~mBMo {ZYZ {_aO `oWo Pmbo. \$moZd$Z
am_H$UmZm H$i{d`mV Ambo. AmB`m {ZYZmMr ~mV_r EoH$VmM
_hmamO gw Pmbo. ggmambm Y$Z R>odUmam _m`oMm Xwdm {ZIiyZ
nS>bm. am_H$U Vm~S>Vmo~ aOm KoD$Z {_aOobm Ambo. AmBMo {Xdg^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 37

nmUr Pmbo. Hw$bHw$Uu Hw$Qw>~mMo _m`oMo N>M hanbo hmoVo. 5 _wbo, 5

_wbr d `mMm gnUy n[adma d BVa ZmVodmBH$, Agm Iyn _moR>m JmoVmdim
{_aOoV O_bm hmoVm. O_-_aU, gwI-Xw:I ho maYmZwgma ^moJmdo
bmJVo. Vo _hmamOmZm CnmgZoVyZ d Ym{_H$ JWmMo dmMZmVyZ nyUnUo
g_Obo hmoVo. `mZr gd Hw$Qw>~r`mMo gmdZ Ho$bo. WmoS>m Am`mp_H$
~moY {Xbm. am_H$U gdmV bhmZ Agbo Var gd Hw$Qw>{ ~` `m`m CnmgZm
d gmYH$ dmr_wio `m`mH$S>o AmXamZo nmhr. `mMm gm KoV.
Owb 1970 Vo OmZodmar 1972 n`V Vo AmJm `oWo hmoVo. VoWyZ
`mMr ~Xbr g|Q>b aodo`m Pmer `oWo Pmbr. VoWo g|Q>b aodoMo
{S>hrOZ Am\$sg Amho. AmJm `oWrb ZmoH$arMo H$mimV _hmamOmZr
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dmbmnya, Hw$$jo B. {R>H$mUo ~{KVbr. _hmamOmZm dmgmMr AmdS>
hmoVrM. nU `mM~amo~a Ym{_H$ WimZm ^oQ> XoD$Z OmJmoOmJr
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ZmoH$arV AgVmZm AmBgmR>r {VW`mm

aodo`m ZmoH$arV AgVmZm _hmamOmZm dfmVyZ 2 \$s nmg {_iV.

\$Q> bmg_YyZ gnU
y ^maVmV aodoZo dmg H$$ eH$V. B. g. 1958
Vo 1962 `m H$mimV VrZ doim Vo AmB a_m~mB d Hw$. maH$m `mZm
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H$bH$mm, OJZZmWnyar B. {R>H$mUo nm{hbr. AmBbm XmIdyZ AmUbr.
am_H$Um_wio VrWjomMo XeZ Pmbo. gmh{OH$M a_m~mBZm AmZX
Pmbm. Vmo `mZr gd ZmVodmBH$mV ~mobyZ XmI{dbm.
EH$Xm Wmoabo ~Yy lr{Zdmgamd `mZm ~amo~a KoVbo. gmo~V AmB
d YmH$Q>r ~hrU maH$m hmoVoM. qhXy g_mOm_`o H$mer `moMo IynM
38 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hd Amho. H$mer, `mJ, J`m, A`mo`m B. VrWjomZm OmD$Z XeZ

KoVbo. H$mer `mm KS>`m_wio a_m~mBZm OrdZmMo gmWH$ Pm`mgmaIo
dmQ>bo. J`obm lr{ZdmgamdmMo hVo dS>rb d. b_Uamd `mMo lm
Xwnmar 12&& dmOVm Ho$bo. `mM{Xder Xwnmar gmobmnyabm _moR>r ~hrU
H$mer Pmonbr AgVmZm, {V`m dZmV dS>rb b_Uamd Ambo.
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am_H$Umbm O_ XoD$Z AmnU Y` Pmbmo. _mVo`m AmerdmXmZo
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Zmhr.
h[ama `oWrb n{d JJoMo XeZ

{h_mb` d VoWrb JJmXeZ `mMr _hmamOmZm Vi_i dmQy>

bmJbr. Vgo JJm XeZ H$mer, `mJ, H$bH$mm `oWo PmboM hmoVo.
eodQ>r `moJ OwiyZ Ambm. B. g. 1963 _`o _hmamOmZr Oam OmV
gwQ>r H$mT>br. AmBbm d ~hrU maH$m `mZm H$`mUbm ~mobmdyZ KoVbo.
`mMogh W_ _Wwam `oWo Jobo. _Wwam, dXmdZ, AmJm ~KyZ {Xrbm
Ambo. gnyU {XrVbr _{Xao d ojUr` Wio ~{KVbr. ^maVmMr
amOYmZr nmhZ a_m~mB Iye Pm`m. nwT>o h[amabm nmohmoMbo. h[amaMr
n{d d nVrVnmdZ Aer JJm. IiIi dhmUmam naVw _`mXerb
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 39

Agm dmh. EH$m ~mOybm bm~`m bm~ ngabobm, nm``mZr

~mYbobm KmQ>. bJoMM XmoZ \y$Q> CMrda _{Xao, Y_emim, bmoH$mMr
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nVrVnmdZ JJo`m XeZmZo A>gmpdH$ ^md OmJV Pmbo. WmoS>m doi
gdOU JJo`m H$mR>r ~gbo. am_H$UmZm bJoMM `mZ bmJbo. Vo
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nmUr JmdmMo ~mho$Z OmVo. nmUr H$_r Agbo Var JmdmVrb nmUr
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{Xdo nm`m`m da-Imbr hmoUm`m dmhm~amo~a dhmV AgVmV. _moR>o
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Zmhr.
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d`nmH$mMr d BVa `dWm am_H$UmZr MmoI R>odbr hmoVr. `moV
gdM {R>H$mUr W_ AmBMr `dWm ~KV. `mgmR>r bmJUm`m doiM
o r
d nemMr H$_VaVm H$arV ZgV. `mMoM a_m~mBZm Iyn Ayn dmQ>o.
Xwgao {Xder ZmZmgmR>r gdOU JJo `m KmQ>mda Ambo. H$nS>o d 3000
n`o Agbobr H$mnS>r {nedr AmBOdi R>odbr. W_ YmH$Q>r ~hrU
40 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

maHo$g KoD$Z am_H$U AKmoirbm Jobo. AmB`m H$miOrZo bdH$aM

naV Ambo. ~KVmV Va AmB aSy>Z aSy>Z H$mhrVar gmJV hmoVr.
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^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 41

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{dUw`mJ H$arV g`mH$mir CeramZo ~{ZmWbm nmohmoMbo.
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H$arV AgVrb? Agm Z am_H$UmMo _ZmV Am`mdmMyZ am{hbm
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Amnbo gXJw$ Zaqghoa _hmamO H$m` AmXoe XoVmV! H$mbmVamZo
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42 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

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amr _w$m_ H$$Z gH$mir ~{ZmWmMo XeZ KoVbo. ^JdmZ {dUw`m
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_Zgmo$ XeZ KoVbo.
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a_m~mBZm nU VoWyZ {ZKdV ZhVo. hUyZ AOyZ EH$ {Xdg am{hbo.
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OmVo. nwT>o 17 {H$._r. nm`r AWdm KmoS>mZo, S>m|Ja MTy>Z Ho$XmaZmWbm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 43

_hmamOmMo H$mp_a XeZ

Omdo bmJVo. a_m~mBZm O_Uma Zmhr. hUyZ am_H$U ~gZo, naV

h[amabm Ambo. VoWyZ aodoZo _w~Bbm d bmoH$bZo H$`mUbm Ambo.
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44 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

OmD$Z-`oD$Z 15-16 Vmg bmJbo. Imbr H$Q>`mbm Am`mda Iyn

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{XgV ZhVo. V|hm AmVmgmaIo _mo~mBb ZhVo. gdOU qMVmVya Pmbo.
am_H$UmZr AmOy~mOybm MmH$er Ho$br. [ajm H$$Z gdOU {_{bQ>ar
ao{gS>|er`b H$mbZrV nmohmoMbo. $mQ>aMr MmH$er H$arV Kar {ZKmbo.
Va g_moa lr. ZXHw$_ma C^o. gdmZm hm`go dmQ>bo. Vw_Mr EdT>m doi
dmQ> nmhZ AmVmM ~g-Q>S>hZ naV Ambmo. WmoS>m doimZo naV {ZKUma
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 45

hmoVmo. gm. AYVr _wVmbrH$mZm, gd nmh`mZm nmhZ Iyn AmZX

Pmbm. Vmo Moh`md$Z bnV ZhVm. lr. _wVmbrH$ H$m_mda Jo`mda
`m EH$Q>mM H$Q>miyZ OmV. W_M ^mD$, d{hZr BV`m bm~
^oQ>m`bm Ambo hmoVo. dmJVmMr O`V V`mar hmoVrM. ImD$Z {nD$Z
Jnm H$arV gdOU PmonyZ Jobo.
gH$mir CR>`mda KamMo g_moaM {XgUmam Anyd {ZgJ nmhmVmM
_Z g Pmbo. WS>r MmJbrM hmoVr. gdOU bdH$a V`ma hmoD$Z
lrZJa ~K`mg {ZKmbo. lr. _wVmbrH$mZr gdmgmR>r noeb Q>H$Mr
`dWm Ho$br hmoVr. WmoS>m S>m|Jamda Agbobm eH$amMm`mMm _R>.
\w$bmMo ZXZdZ Agbobr ~mJ, Xmb gamoda B. {R>H$mUo ~{KVbr.
{eH$m`mV ~gyZ Xmb gamodamMr ga Ho$br. hmD$g ~moQ>r ~{KV`m.
~m`H$mZm "H$mp_a {H$ H$br' m qhXr {gZo_mMr AmR>dU Pmbr.
{gZo_mVbr `o `j ~KV AgVmZm, _Z AmZXmZo ~h$Z Jobo.
S>m. Zmam`Uamd Jnm _ma`mV nQ>mBV. hgV-hgV, Mo>m H$arV, gdmMo
_ZmoaOZ H$arV hmoVo. am_H$UmZm ~mobUo H$_r. nU AZmo`m g>rMo
_Zmoha XeZmZo Vo nU Iwbbo hmoVo. H$mH$m-nwVUo, _m_m-^mMo, hr gd
ZmVr {dg$Z gdOU ndrVbmda`m dJmV {dhaV hmoVo.
nwT>rb 4 {Xdg H$mp_a_Yrb a_Ur` g>rgmX`mZo ~habobr
{R>H$mUo ~K`mV gd Hw$Qw>~r` _ hmoVr. gmo~V hmo`m, bhmZnUm`m
AmR>dUr. Hw$Qw>~m`m BVa OUmMr AmnwbH$sMr MmH$er. nhobJmdMm
PmS>m-\w$bmZr ~habobm a_Ur` {ZgJ. S>m|Jamda`m ZmJ_moS>r
a`md$Z Imbr {XgUmar {ndirOX gagmoMr (_moharMr) \w$bo. AJXr
JmbrMm AWa`mgmaIr. Jwb_Jbm amon do d$Z 2000 \y$Q> CM
S>m|Jamda Jo`mZVa, Agbobm ~\$M ~\$. `oWbm ~\$ H$YrM {dViV
Zmhr. eoH$S>mo \y$Q> OmS>rMo ~\$mMo Wa. J_~yQ>, bmoH$arMo H$moQ>, S>mo `mda
bmoH$ar`m _mH$S> Q>mo`m. Agm H$S>m`m`m WS>rMm n$m ~Xmo~V
Ho$bobm. _J ~\$mda Mmb`mMr, Ioi`mMr _Om H$mhr AmaM.
46 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

AZVZmJbm AJVr _wZtMm Aml_ ~{KVbm. ^a MmH$mV`m _wpb_

dVrV Agbobo qhXy _{Xa ~KyZ AmZX Pmbm. nU AmM`hr dmQ>bo.
gmoZ_Jbm OmVmZm a`m`m Xmohr ~mOybm ~\$M ~\$. _YyZ dmQ>
H$mT>bobr. Ago {ZgJmMo ^`mdh $n nmhmVmZm AmZXm~amo~a WmoS>ogo
^rVrMo gmdQ>. H$S>m`mMr WS>r. _YyZM nmD$g nS>o. VoWyZM nwT>o
bS>mIbm OmUmam aVm. \$$ {_{bQ>arV`m OdmZmgmR>r.
lr. ZXHw$_ma _wVmbrH$m`m AmXam{V`mZo d H$mp_a`m {ZgJ
gmX`mZo gdOU ^mamdyZ Jobo hmoVo. VoWyZ naV {ZK`mMo OrdmdaM
Ambo. ~gZo naV O_ybm Ambo. O_yhZ aodoZo h[amabm. am_H$UmZm
h[ama-F${fHo$eMr gnyU _m{hVr hmoVrM. gdmZm `dpWV gJir
XeZr` Am{U ojUr` {R>H$mUo XmI{dbr. am_H$UmMo _Z H$mhr
_w~Bbm naV Om`bm V`ma ZhVo. {h_mb`mV amhZ gmYZ H$a`mMr
AmV[aH$ AmoT> C\$miyZ Ambr. gXJw$ Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo _aU
Ho$bo. `mZr >mVmV AZw_moXZ {Xbo. ~mH$s gdOU h[amahZ _w~Bbm
naV Jobo. am_H$UmZr Am\$sgbm {gH$ [anmoQ> nmR>dyZ, gwQ>r dmT>dyZ
KoVbr. naV ZmoH$arda Om`mMr BN>mM hmoV ZhVr. nwT>o gXJw$
H$m` Amkm XoVmV. Vo ~Ky!
F$frHo$e d CmaH$merV gmYZm

am_H$U F$frHo$ebm na_mW {ZHo$VZ_`o Job.o ImobrMr MmH$er

Ho$br. `moH$$Zm 3 {XdgmMo da-Imobr XoVm `oV Zmhr. Ago
`dWmnH$mZr gm{JVbo. am_H$UmZr Amnbm WmoS>m nydn[aM` {Xbm.
~Mmar AgyZ gmYZo`m AmdS>r~b d H$arV Agbo`m gmYZo~b
MMm Pmbr. H$m` Pmbo, H$moUmg R>mD$H$? `dWmnH$mMo _ZmV
am_H$Um~b AmXa^md {Z_mU Pmbm. `mo` Vo ^mS>o AmH$m$Z Imobr
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 47

Xo`mMo _m` Ho$bo. am_H$UmZm _Zmo_Z OmUdbo. `dWmnH$mMo

_Z n[adVZ H$a`mMo H$m_ Amn`m gXJw$MoM. n. ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMoM. Am\$sg OdiMr 8 ? 10 Mr Imobr
{_imbr. am_H$U Iye Pmbo. ZmoH$arMo ngo hmVmer hmoVo. {ZdmhmMr
H$miOr ZhVr. Xod^y_rV AIS> Zm__aU-gmYZoMm AmZX
am_H$UmZr KoVbm. `mZm _Zmo_Z dmQ>bo H$s, mM Xod^y_rV gmYZ
Ho$bo nm{hOo. VaM Vo \$imbm `oBb. Odi Odi 1&& _{hZm _hmamO
F$frHo$ebm am{hbo. _Yo WmoS>o {Xdg 84 Hw$Q>ra `oWo OmD$Z n. ny.
_hoe`moJtZm ^oQ>b.o Vo ^mdmVrV `mZmMr gmYZm {eH${dV. _hmamOmZm
gmYZ hQ>bo H$s, A`mZX. ZdrZ ZdrZ H$maMr gmYZo {eH$`mMr
d Vr Am_gmV H$a`mMr _wimVbrM dmr. n. ny. _hoe`moJtMr
{Xjm KoVbr. {Xjm KoV`m{edm` Vo gmYZm {eH${dV ZhVo. ewMu^yV
hmoD$Z nyOm H$am`Mr. _J Am H$am`Mm. gmYH$mMo H$mZmV `moJrOr
eXmMm Cma H$aVmV. 2-3 {Xdg gmYZm Ho$br. nU _Z bmJbo
Zmhr. naV Ambo. 2 {Xdg F$frHo$eMo Odi "`mg Jw\$m' `oWo OmD$Z
Ambo.
F$frHo$ebm BVa gmYH$m~amo~a MMm H$aVmZm CmaH$mer ~b
_m{hVr {_imbr. {h_mb`mMo nhmS>mVrb \$ma a_Ur` WmZ.
gmYH$mgmR>r \$ma Cm_. lr. _\$Vbmb eoQ>OtZr {h_mb`mV {R>H${R>H$mUr gmYH$mgmR>r Y_emim ~mY`m AmhoV. CmaH$merbm gmo_ml_
Amho. VoWrb `dWm n. ny. gmYZmZX dm_r ~KVmV. d^mdmZo
Iyn o_i AgyZ, gmYH$mZm OmVrV-OmV _XV H$aVmV. am_H$UmZm
CmaH$mer ~K`mMr BN>m AZmda Pmbr. {gH$ [anmoQ> {Xbobm.
_o{S>H$b aOm \$magr {eH$ Zmhr. VarnU 2 {Xdg OmD$Z `oD$ hUyZ,
~gZo Za|ZJa H$arV Q>ohar _mJ} CmaH$m{ebm Jobo. F${fHo$e Vo
CmaH$mer AVa gmYmaU 140 {H$._r. gH$mir {ZKmbo. Var nmoMm`bm
XwnmaMo 2 dmOyZ Jobo. gnyU S>m|JamVbm H$R>rU MT>-CVmamMm AX
48 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

aVm. ~g 25 Vo 30 {H$._r. {V Vmg mM doJmZo MmbVo. H$Yr H$Yr

Va mnojmhr H$_r doJ. _hmamO CmaH$merbm gmo_ml_mV Jobo. n. ny.
gmYZmZXmMr ^oQ> KoVbr. Amnbm n[aM` {Xbm. 2 {Xdg amh`mMm
_ZmoX` `$ Ho$bm. gmYZmZXmZr AmZXmZo hmoH$ma {Xbm. Imobr {Xbr.
EH$ doi Ood`mMr `dWm Ho$br.
{h_mb`mV gmYH$mMr VnM`m _moR>r AmaM. H$S>m`mMr WS>r.
gmYH$-gmYyOdi EH$ H$m~io d bmoH$arMr H$mZQ>monr Amd`H$M.
CKS>mda gmYZ H$aUo Ae`M. S>m|JamVrb AmVrb ^mJmMm qH$dm
JwhoMm Aml`. Y_emioVrb Imobr qH$dm PmonS>r Aml`mbm {_imbr
Va Cm_M. ~gm`bm JmoUnmQ>mMo JdV ^abobo JmXrgmaIo AmgZ.
nhmQ>o 3-4 bmM CRy>Z gmYH$ Zm__aU-`mZmbm ~gV. Vo gbJ
gH$mir 8 dmOon`V. `oH$ gmYyMo gmYZ doJdoJ`m H$maMo. Jw$`m
_mJXeZm_mUo. gmYmaU Vmg^amZo, Zm__aU-`mZ {H$`m_wio
earamVbr CUVm dmT>o. ~moMar H$S>m`mMr WS>r H$moR>`m H$moR>o niyZ
OmB. gmYZobm doJ `oB. AKmoir AmQ>monyZ 11 dmOVm Oo {_iob Vo
OodU. Jhm`m \w$b`m d ~Q>mQ>m ^mOr m_w`mZo. CMmda S>mi^mV {eOUo \$ma H$R>rU. WmoS>r {dlmVr. naV Xwnmar gmYZ. g`mH$mir
WmoS>o {\$aUo. naV amr 8 n`V gmYZ. CmaH$merV _hmamOmZr Ago
H$S>H$S>rV gmYZ Ho$bo. Vo 4-5 {Xdg. gmYZoVrb JVrZo _Z AmZ{XV
Pmbo. naV`mMo _Z hmoBZm. nU AOyZ doi `m`Mr hmoVr. naV
F$frHo$ebm Ambo. VoWo na_mW {ZHo$VZ_`o 2 {Xdg amhZ naVrMo
[aPd}eZ Ho$bo. h[ama Vo H$`mU aodoZo naVbo. Kar ^mMm AaqdX d
BVa bmoH$ dmQ>M nhmV hmoVo. am_H$Um`m Moh`mda gmYZoMo VoO
{XgV hmoVo. AmOy~mOyMo bmoH$ am_H$UmZm "am_H$U _hmamO' Va
Am\$sg_Ybo bmoH$ "Hw$bH$Uu _hmamO' hUyZ AmoiIy bmJbo. XmT>r
ZhVr. eQ>-nQ>-~yQ> Agm Am\$sgbm gmOogmM nmoemI. nU n[a{MV
bmoH$mZr `mMo AVaJ OmUbo hmoVo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 49

n. ny. ~miH$U _hmamOmMm ghdmg

n. ny. ~miH$U _hmamO ho n. ny. {J[a_oa _hmamOmMo {e`.

CnmgZm-^$s dmT>{d`mgmR>r Vo Zoh_r {\$aVrda AgV. H$ZmQ>H$ d
_hmam> mVmV `mMo Iyn {e` AmhoV. am_H$UmMo gJ`mV Wmoabo
~Yy lr. JmoqdXamd. `mZr n. ny. ~miH$U _hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_ KoVbob.o
`mMr _hmamOmda {ZVmV lm. ~miH$U _hmamO {_aOobm Am`mda
JmoqdXamdmH$S>o `oV. JmoqdXamd nU Zoh_r ZXoabm ~miH$U
_hmamOmH$S>o CnmgZm d godogmR>r OmV.
B. g. 1957 gmbr am_H$U Hw$Sw>dmS>rbm aodoV gphgbm hmoVo.
`mdoiog JmoqdXamd Zoh_r am_H$UmMo _mJo bmJV. ZXoa ho
Hw$S>wdmS>rnmgyZ Odi Amho. Vy Ad` Om Am{U _hmamOmMo XeZ Ko.
ZXoda ho nT>anya Odi`m _JidoT>mnmgyZ 10 {H$._r. AVamda
Amho. EH$m a{ddmar am_H$U ZXoabm Jobo. nU _hmamO VoWo ZhVo.
naV Ambo. lr. JmoqdXamd {_aOhZ Hw$Sw>dmS>rbm H$mS>mdr MmirV lr.
OmYd `m`mH$S>o Zoh_r `oV. JmoqdXamdmZr OmYdmer AmoiI H$$Z
{Xbr. WmoS>mM {XdgmV OmYdmMm {Zamon Ambm. am_H$U g`mH$mir
H$mS>mdr MmirV ~miH$U _hmamOmZm ^oQ>m`bm Jobo. _hmamO g_moaM
~gbo hmoVo. YmoVa, eQ>, S>mo`mbm \o$Q>m AgVm doe. H$amar ZOa,
hmVmV {gaJoQ> hmoVr. am_H$UmZr Oam Km~aVM Z_H$ma Ho$bm. _hmamO
Oam _moR>m AmdmOmV hUmbo, H$moU ao Vy? {_aOo`m JmoqdXamdmMm
YmH$Q>m ^mD$. _bm JmoqdXamdmZr Amn`mH$S>o nmR>{dbo. 24 dfmMo
d`. W_M EImm _hmamOmZm H$i`m d`mV nhmV hmoV.o _ZmV
{dMma Ambm. H$gbo ho _hmamO! {gJaoQ> {nVmV. _hmamO hUmbo,
~mi MmJbo Ho$bo. Ambmg. `mZmbm ~g. am_H$U _mS>r KmbyZ,
50 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

ZwgVoM S>moio {_Qy>Z g_moa ~gbo. {_aOobm XodmMo ImobrV AmaVr

Pm`mda, gdmZm S>moio {_Qy>Z `mZmV ~gbobo nm{hbobo. `mZm~b
H$mhrM _mhrV Zmhr. Zm__aU H$Yr Ho$bobo Zmhr. _hmamO amJmdVrb
hUyZ H$go Var 10-15 {_{ZQ>o S>moio {_Qy>Z ~gbo. naV Z_H$ma
H$$Z {ZKmbo. g_moa 10 n`o X{jUm R>odbr. _hmamO hUmbo, ~mi
`oV Om. hmoH$mamWu _mZ hbdbr. ~mhoa Ambo. hm`go dmQ>bo.
A`m_m~b JmoS>r ZhVr. VU d`. ZwH$VoM ngo hmVmV {_im`bm
bmJbobo. Anm gmaIo gmaIo H$m` _hmamOmZm ^oQ>m`bm `oVmV? `mMo
Zdb dmQ>bo.
nwT>o AmQ>mo~a 1957 _`o _w~B (V.T.) bm ~Xbr Pm`mda,
am_H$UmMr ^oQ>, lr. Zmam`U bH$S>o `mMo ~amo~a Pm`mMm H$Wm^mJ
mnydu AmbmM Amho. _JM am_H$UmZm A`m_mMr JmoS>r bmJbr.
{Z`{_V Zm__aU H$am`bm bmJbo. H$`mUbm ahmV AgVmZm lr.
JmoqdXamd AYo_Yo H$`mUbm `oV. ~miH$U _hmamO H$Yr H$Yr
_w~Bbm `oVmV. `mdoiog Vy XeZmbm Om, Ago AmnmZr am_H$UmZm
gm{JVbo. AmVm am_H$UmZm Am`m_mMr JmoS>r bmJbr hmoVr. naV
~miH$U _hmamOmZm ^oQ>mdo. `m`mH$Sy>Z _mJXeZ {_idmdo. Ago
dmQy> bmJbo. bdH$aM `moJ Ambm. AmnmZr ~miH$U _hmamO _w~BV
Ambo AmhoV. hUyZ {Zamon {Xbm. bJoMM am_H$U bmoH$bZo Hw$bm
`oWo Jobo. VoWyZ hm~abmBZMr bmoH$b nH$Sy>Z ao amoS> Q>oeZbm CVabo.
OdiM ZmaiodmS>r Amho. nmm {dMmarV lr. _mOaoH$amH$S>o Jobo. n.
ny. ~miH$U _hmamO ~gbobo hmoVoM. AmVm am_H$UmMr >r
~Xbbr hmoVr. CnmgZoMo VoO ~miH$U _hmamOmMo Moh`mda
{dbgV hmoVo. `o ~mi. bdH$a naV Ambmg! _hmamO gm`nUo
hUmbo. am_H$UmZr _ZmnmgyZ gm>mJ Z_H$ma Ho$bm. _hmamO _X
hgbo. am_H$UmZm n{hbr ^oQ> AmR>dbr. `mdoiog Amnbo _ZmV
Ambobo {dMma _hmamOmZm H$ibo {H$ H$m`? XeZmbm \$mago H$moUr
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 51

ZhVoM. _hmamOmZr am_H$Umbm g_moa ~g{dbo. qhMo{Jar gXm`mMr

`mZmMr nV g_OmdyZ {Xbr. dmgm~amo~a H$go Zm__aU H$am`Mo.
Vo gm{JVbo. am_H$U EH$ Vmg^a _hmamOmg_moa ~gbo hmoVo. Zm_
nyduM n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmH$Sy>Z KoVbo hmoV.o mgm~amo~a AmV`m
AmV Zm__aU H$aVm-H$aVm `mZ H$Yr bmJbo Vo H$iboM Zmhr.
g_mYmZ dmQ>bo. ~miH$U _hmamOm`m e$sMm `` Ambm.
ZmaiodmS>rV ~miH$U _hmamOmMo Iyn ^$ AmhoV. lr. IS>nH$a ~Yy
ho _wI hmoVo. AmVm `mZr ZmaiodmS>rV (_w~B) `oWo ~miH$U
_hmamOmMo gwX a _{Xa ~mYbo Amho. {Z`{_V CnmgZm MmbVo. ~miH$U
_hmamO _w~Bbm Am`mda am_H$U Zoh_r `mMo XeZmg OmV.
CnmgZm-`mZ, godm H$arV. gmYZmV N>mZ JVr hmoV hmoVr. am_H$UmZm
nydu`m H$m_mMm, EH$ aH$_r gh} AbmD$g {_imbm. {_imbobo
2000 n`o `mZr ~miH$U _hmamOmMo nm`mer R>odbo. _hmamOmZm
AmZX Pmbm. ~mi VwPo _Z _moR>o Amho. nwT>o Omerb. _mPm Vwbm
AmerdmX Amho. ~miH$U _hmamOmZm _R>mgmR>r nemMr Amd`H$Vm
hmoVrM.
B. g. 1961 `m lmdU _{h`mV, ZXoa`m _R>mV nyU
_{hZm^a gmYZ-gmh H$amdm. Ago n. ny. ~miH$U _hmamOmMo _ZmV
Ambo. `mZr am_H$U, lr. JmoqdXamd d BVa {e`mZm ZXodabm
~mobmdbo. `m doiog _w~B Am\$sgbm hoS> S>mQ>g_Z {XdmUgmho~
hmoVo. `mZm am_H$UmZr EH$ _{h`mMr gw>r _m{JVbr. am_H$UmMo
gmYZm ~b `mZm WmoS>r H$nZm hmoVrM. Vo bJoM hUmbo, XodmMo
H$m_mgmR>r OmV Amhog! ~obmeH$ Om. gw>r _Oya Pmbr. am_H$U
ZXodabm doioda nmohmoMbo. JmoqdXamd d BVa _moOH$sM ^$s _S>ir
Ambr hmoVr. `mdoionmgyZ ZXodabm lmdU-gmh gw$ Pmbm. n. ny.
^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmZr AmIyZ {Xbobm qhMo{Jar gXm`mMm, nhmQ>no mgyZ
amrn`VMm CnmgZm H$m`H$ _, ZXo dabm A_bmV AmUbm Jobm. nhmQ>o
52 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

5 bm H$mH$S>AmaVr. ZVa EH$ Vmg^a `mZ. nyOm, Xmg~moY dmMZ,

dMZ, XwnmaMo ^OZ-AmaVr. _J gmXmMo ^moOZ. WmoS>mdoi {dlmVr.
nwhm g`mH$miMo 5 dmOonmgyZ Xmg~moY dmMZ, dMZ, AmaVr`mZ. amr 9 Vo 10 ~mam A^J d eoOmaVr. Agm ^aJ H$m`H$_.
_`o doi Agob Vgo `oH$mMo d`{$H$ Zm__aU. qhMo{Jar gXm`mMo
gdM _R>mV darb_mUo lmdU gmh d amoOMr CnmgZm MmbVo.
`>r`m n. ny. Zaqghoda _hmamOmMo g_mYr _{XamV, AgmM ^aJ
H$m`H$_ hmoVmo.
am_H$UmZr _ZmnmgyZ gd CnmgZoV ^mJ KoVbm. am_H$U EH$Q>M
o
VU hmoVo. ~mH$s gd _S>ir d`mZo ~arM _moR>r hmoVr. nU `mZ
WmoS>M
o d`mda Adb~Zy AgVo? Vo Va _ZmMr EH$mJVm, CnmgZm
d nyUn Uo Jw$H$noda Adb~Zy AgVo. CnmgZo~amo~aM am_H$UmZr
`mZ-gmYZoda bj H|${V Ho$bo. `mVrb __ _hmamOmMo H$noZo `mZmV
Ambo hmoVo. AmkmMH$mVyZ H$mem`m AZw^dm~amo~a Xod-XodVmMr
XeZo hmoD$ bmJbr. _{hZm^am`m {Z`{_V gmYZoZo ho AZw^d gmV`mZo
`oD$ bmJbo. am_H$UmZr Amnbo AZw^d n. ny. ~miH$U _hmamOmZm
gm{JVbo. Vo hUmbo, Hw$S>brZr OmJV Pmbr Amho. Ago AZw^d
`oVmVM. `mH$S>o \$ma bj XoD$ ZH$mog. nwT>o A`mg H$a.
am_H$UmZm ZXoabm n. ny. ~miH$U _hmamOmMo ghdmgmV
Kmbdbobm, nyU lmdU _{hZm d gmYZ-gmh Iyn H$mhr XoD$Z Jobm.
gmYZmV JVr Pmbr.
EH$Xm nhmQ>o 4 dmOVm ~miH$U _hmamO, ZXoda`m _mVr
_{XamV `mZmbm ~gbo hmoVo. EH$Q>oM hmoVo. gmYmaU 4&& `m gw_mamg
XodimMm nwOmar XodimV {eabm. Jm^m`mV g_BMm _X H$me ngabm
hmoVm. _hmamO `mZ-g_mYrV _ hmoVo. `mMo S>mo`mda \$Um H$mTy>Z,
EH$ H$mim OX bm~bMH$ ZmJ, _mJMo ~mOyg ~gbm hmoVm. nwOmar
Km~$Z ~mhoa Ambo. H$mhr gyMV ZhVo. WmoS>m doimZo Vmo H$mim ZmJ
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 53

Xodim~mhoa {ZKyZ Jobm. _hmamO VgoM `mZmdWoV ~gbo hmoVo. `mZm

H$mhrM H$nZm ZhVr. gH$mir nyOm`mZo hr Jmo> gJ`mZm gm{JVbr.
gdmZm AmM` dmQ>bo. am_H$UmZm, ~miH$U _hmamOmMr `mo`Vm
H$iyZ MwH$br. `mZm _Zmo_Z AmZX Pmbm. _hmamOmVr Agbobm
AmXa^md AOyZM dmT>bm.
B. g. 1965 Mo gw_mamg am_H$U Amnbr Wmoabr ~hrU gm.
H$m{eVmB `m`mH$S>o gmobmnyabm Jobo. `mdoiog lr. ^y_H$a `m`mH$S>o
gmh hmoVm. n. ny. ~miH$U _hmamO hmoVM
o . _hmamOmZrM am_H$Umbm
gmhmbm ~mobm{dbo hmoVo. gmh gnbm. _hmamOmZr am_H$Um~amo~a
H$`mUbm `o`mMm _ZmoX` `$ Ho$bm. am_H$UmZm AmZX Pmbm.
am_H$UmMm P.T.O. hmoVm. AOyZ XmoZ goH$S> bmgMr {V{H$Q>o H$mT>br.
~amo~a _hmamOmMo {e` JmonrZmW hmoV.o Xwgao {Xder {VKoOU, gH$mirM
H$`mU`m Kar Ambo. _hmamOmZr gd KamH$S>o ZOa {\$a{dbr. XmoZM
Imo`m hmo`m. Q>mod d WmoS>rerM ^mS>r. _hmamOm`m bJoM bjmV
Ambo. hUmbo, am_H$Um OodVmog Hw$R>o? ImZmdirVyZ S>~m AmUVmo.
~miH$U _hmamO amJdbo. Aao am_H$Um, EdT>o gmYZ H$aVmog
Am{U Agbo Xy{fV A ImVmog. `m_wio gmYZoMo ~i H$_r
hmoVo. am_H$U eaq_Xo Pmbo. _hmamO hUmbo, `m nwT>o Kar d`nmH$
H$$Z ew A ImV Om. eoOmarM lr. OwdoH$a ahmV hmoVo. `mZr
gdmZm Kar Oodm`bm ~mobmdbo. ~miH$U _hmamO hUmbo,
Zm_YmaH$ CnmgH$ AgVrb, VaM `mMo H$S>Mo A _r godZ
H$aVmo. gd eoOmar Hw$Q>w~r` Am`mp_H$ dmrMo hmoVo. bJoMM lr.
OwdoH$a, lr. dK, lr. H$bJS>Jr, lr. ImbH$a d `mMo Hw$Qw>~r`mZr
_hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_ KoVbo. _hmamO H$`mUbm 3 {Xdg am{hbo.
`oH$mH$S>o Oodbo.
B. g. 1966 Owb Vo 1968 AmQ>mo~a n`V _hmamO nZdobbm
aodoV, {XdmnZdobCaU d nZdobAmnQ>m moOoQ>Mo H$m_ ~KV.
54 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

nZdobbm XodYa dmS>mV ahmV. `mMm Am`mp_H$ bmoH$ gJh MmJbm

hmoVm. n. ny. ~miH$U _hmamO `m H$mimV 23 doiog nZdobbm
Ambo. am_H$Um`m Imobrda am{hbo. am_H$Um`m gmJ`md$Z
_hmamOmZr nZdob`m H$mhr bmoH$mZm Zm_ {Xbo. n. ny. Zaqgha
_hmamOmZr Amn`m AmdS>`m {e`mbm, ~miH$U _hmamOmMr godm
H$a`mMr gYr {_idyZ {Xbr. `mMo _mJXeZ {_iyZ gmYZoV JV
Ho$bo. AmQ>m~o a 1968 _`o am_H$UmMr ~Xbr _` XoemVrb H$Q>Zr
`oWo Pmbr. `mZVa ~miH$U _hmamOmMm gnH$ am{hbm Zmhr. nwT>o
~miH$U _hmamOmZr B. g. 1970 _`o g_mYr KoVbr. lr.
JmoqdXamdmMo Vgo n H$Q>Zrbm Ambo hmoVo. am_H$U _hmamO 810
{Xdg gw>r H$mTy>Z ZXoabm OmD$Z Ambo. AmOhr n. ny. ~miH$U
_hmamOmMo Zmd {ZKmbo H$s _hmamO ZV_VH$ hmoVmV.
ZmoH$arMm Cd[aV H$mi _w~BV d gmYZ

\o$~wdmar 1972 _`o _hmamO naV _w~Bbm ~XbyZ Ambo.

S> m | { ~dbr Am \ $sgbm {XdmdgB ZdrZ ao do M o H$m_ hmo V o .
S>m|{~dbrbmM aodo $mQ>a_`o ahmV. $mQ>a N>moQ>ogoM nU emV. KarM
d`nmH$ H$arV. Am\$sg bmJyZM Ag`mZo Om`m`o`mMm doi
dmMbm. gmYZobm ^anya doi. nhmQ>o 4 Vo gH$mir 8 n`V gmYZ. 10
Vo g`mH$mir 6 n`V Am\$sg. naV amr 2 Vmg gmYZ. {Xdg AmZXmV
OmV hmoVo. B. g. 1973 _`o _hmamOmMo {_ lr. h[a^mD$ Omoer
O~bnyahZ _w~ B Am\$sgbm ~XbyZ Ambo. `mMr ^oQ> _w~ B Am\$sg_`o
Pmbr. h[a^mD$ S>m|{~dbr `oWo ahmV. Vo am_H$UmZm AmJhmZo Kar
KoD$Z Jobo. g~Y AmUIrZ T> Pmbo. gUmdmar AmJhmZo _hmamOmZm
Oodm`bm ~mob{dV. S>m|{~dbr Am\$sg_`o H$mhr OwZo bmoH$ _hmamOmZm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 55

_hmamOmMr `moJ gmYZm

AmoiIUmao hmoVo. ~hVoH$ gdOU aodo $mQ>a _`o ahmV. _hmamOmMo

`mZgmYZ, dmJUo, ~mobUo EImm gmYy nwfmgmaIoM hmoVo. VoWo hr
bmoH$ `mZm "Hw$bH$Uu _hmamO' hUyZM AmoiIrV. H$mhr Am`mp_H$
dmrMr _mUgo _hmamOmH$S>o {Z`{_V `oD$ bmJbr. _hmamO `mZm
Zm__aUmbm ~g{dV. `moJ`mZ {eH${dV. Hw$R>`mM VhoMr X{jUm
Vo KoV ZhVo. Xmg~moY, kmZoar ~amo~a nmVOb `moJmMm A`mg gw$
Ho$bm.

_o 1966 _`o am_H$U H$mp_a nmhZ h[amabm Am`mMm CoI

`mMo `mm H$mbIS>mV Ambm Amho. F${fHo$ebm 1&& _{hZm am{hbo.
VoWo `moJ{ZHo$VZ _`o 15 {Xdg ({XdgmMo H$mhr Vmg) `moJmMo bmgog
hmoVo. am_H$UmZr Vo OmBZ Ho$bo. ~`mM {XdgmnmgyZ `moJmMo emmo$
{ejU Ko`mMo _ZmV hmoVoM. ObYmVr, ObZoVr, ZoVr, nyaH$ `m`m_,
doJdoJ`m H$maMr AmgZo. AVaHw$^H$, ~huHw$^H$, H$nmb^mVr,
bmo_{dbmo_, ^rH$m mUm`m_, doJdoJ`m H$maMo ~Y, _wm B. Mo
emmo$ {ejU KoVbo. doi H$mTy>Z `mMm {Z`{_V A`mg H$$ bmJbo.
{Z`{_V Amhma d CnmgZm hmoVrM. `m_wio earaH$Vr Cm_. nU
{Z`{_V `moJmgZo d mUm`m_m_wio earamVrb ZmS>mMo ewrH$aU Pmbo.
EH$mJVm dmT>br. `mZ MmJbo bmJy bmJbo.
nwT>o B. g. 1967 _`o nZdobbm ZmoH$arV AgVmZm, `mMo
EH$ {_ lr. eH$aamd gmohmoZr _hmamOmZm ^oQ>bo. Vo _w~B Am\$sgbm
hmoVo. R>m`mbm ahmV. `mZm nU `moJmMr AmdS> hmoVr. R>mUo `oWo n. ny
{ZH$_ JwOtZr A{~H$m Hw$Q>ra ZmdmMr `moJemim gw$ Ho$br. {ZH$_
Jw$Or nydu nmobrg Im`mV ZmoH$arg hmoV.o nydunmgyZ `mMm hQ>`moJmMm
56 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Cm_ A`mg hmoVm. godm{Zdmr ZVa `mZr nyU doi m H$m`mbm

dmhZ KoVbo. emmo$ `moJ{ejU OZgm_m`mZm XoD$Z, `m`m earamV
_wabo`m `mYr Xya H$aUo. ho `mMo `o`. `mgmR>r `mZr A{~H$m
Hw$Q>ra Mmby Ho$bo. H$moUVohr ewH$ Z KoVm, Vo dV: `moJ{ejU XoV.
`mMr eara `>r AJXr gS>nmVi. d`m`m nmg>rV Vo A`V H$R>rU
Aer, hQ>`moJmMr m`{jHo$ dV: H$$Z XmI{dV. Vr AmgZo, ${MVM
EImXm H$$ eHo$. `mZr Amnbo ~aoM {e` V`ma Ho$bo. _w~B, nwUo d
BVa emIm H$mT>`m. ~aoM bmoH$ S>mQ>amH$Sy>Z AmfYo KoD$Z
H$Q>mi`mZVa, `mMoH$S>o `oV. ~arM df} ~`m Z Pmbo`m Ow`m
`mKt~b gmJV. {ZH$_ JwOt`m _mJXeZm_mUo W_ ObYmVrZoVr d ZVa R>am{dH$ `moJmgZo H$$Z Vo `mYr_w$ hmoV. lr. eH$aamd
gmohZr ho, R>mUo `oWrb A{~H$m Hw$Q>ra _`o `moJ {ejH$mMo H$m_ H$arV.
`mZr Hw$bH$Uu _hmamOmZm A{~H$m Hw$Q>ra ~K`mg ~mob{dbo.
_hmamOmZm, `moJmMr AmdS> d A`mg hmoVmM. Vo AmZXmZo gmohZt~amo~a
R>m`mbm Jobo. lr. {ZH$_ JwOtMr ^oQ> KoVbr. WmoS>r MMm Pmbr.
Hw$S>brZr OmJVr g~{YV H$mhr AmgZo {eHy$Z KoVbr. VgoM `moJ_wm,
~Y `mMm gy_ A`mg Ho$bm. A{~H$m Hw$Q>ra _`o lr. {ZH$_ JwOtZr
H$$Z XmI{dbo`m, A`V H$R>rU `moJmgZmMo \$moQ>mo bmdbo hmoVo. Vo
~KyZ am_H$U _hmamO Iyn ^m{dV Pmbo.
AmOgwm am_H$U _hmamO `>rbm gmYH$mgmR>r AZw>mZ KoVmV.
`mV `moJmgZo, ~Y, _wm {eH${dVmV. Hw$S>brZr OmJVr`m gy_
{H$`m gmYH$mH$Sy>Z H$adyZ KoVmV. `mdoiog _hmamOm`m gy_ `moJ
A`mgmMr H$nZm `oVo.

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 57

n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm >mV d

AmiXrV gmYZm

S>mo{~dbrbm ZmoH$ar d gmYZm Mmby hmoVr. _YyZ _YyZ Za{ghoa

_hmamOmMo >mV hmoV. gmYZmMo ~amo~arZo JWmMo dmMZ gw hmoVoM.
AmVm ZmoH$arda Om`bm ZH$mogo dmQ>m`Mo. gmaIo `mZ H$amdo, Ago
dmQ>o. _YyZ _YyZ Am\$sgbm XmS>r hmoD$Z bmJbr. OmZodmar 1977
Mm gw_mao hmoVm. amr n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO dZmV Ambo.
hUmbo, CR> am_H$Um, PmonyZ H$m` am{hbmg? Om. AmiXrbm
Om. AOmZ djmImbr kmZoar dmM. Vwbm kmZ nm{hOo Zm?
VoWo {_iob. _hmamO IS>~Sy>Z OmJo Pmbo. S>moio CKSy>Z XmamH$S>o
nm{hbo. n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr nmR>_moar AmH$Vr XmamVyZ ~mhoa
nS>V hmoVr. dZ H$s `j _hmamO Ambo hmoVo! H$mhrM H$ioZm. nU
`mMo eX AmH$medmUrgmaIo H$mZmV Kw_V hmoVo. ZVa PmonM Ambr
Zmhr. am_H$U `mZ H$[aV ~gbo. gH$mir Am\$sgbm Jobo. _moR>m
_wH$sbrZo XmoZ {XdgmMr gw>r {_imbr. WmoS>ogo ngo, gm_mZ ~amo~a
KoVbo. nwUo _mJ} AmiXrbm nmohmoMbo.
AmiXrbm Y_emioV Imobr KoVbr. kmZoarMo A`mg `w$
dmMZ gw$ Ho$bo. ~amo~arbm H$mhr doi, mgm~amo~a Zm__aU d
`mZ hmoVoM. OodU EH$M doi Xwnmar. {Xdgm H$mhr doi AOmZ
djmImbr kmZoar dmMV. nU bmoH$mMr JS>~S>. ImobrVM emVVm
{_io. e{Zdma a{ddmabm bmJyZ H$mT>bobr 2 {Xdg gw>r gnbr.
Y_emio`m g_moa MBBS S>mQ>a ~wMH|$Mm XdmImZm hmoVm. Vo
Jobr 4 {Xdg am_H$UmZm AmiXrV dmMZ H$aVmZm ~KV hmoV.o am_H$U
`mZm ^oQ>bo. AmnU H$em H$[aVm AmiXrbm Ambmo, Vo gm{JVbo.
gwQ>r _Oya Pmbobr Zmhr. gd gmoSy>Z Omdo bmJob. S>mQ>a ~wMHo$ nU
58 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Am_kmZmMm `W Ah^md

Am`mp_H$ dmrMo. `mZm am_H$UmMr AS>MU g_Obr. `mZr

H$mdri Pmbr Amho. XrS> _{hZm {dlmVr `mdr bmJob, hUyZ _oS>rH$b
gQ>{\$Ho$Q> {Xbo. am_H$UmZr bJoM Vo Am\$sgbm nmR>dyZ {Xbo. AmVm
_Z emV Pmbo. gXJw`m AmXoem_mUo kmZoarMm A`mg H$aVm
`oBb hUyZ AmZX Pmbm. Zmhr Var AmOH$mb ZmoH$arMo ~YZ ZH$mogoM
dmQ>V hmoVo.

EH$Xm amr ~amM doi kmZoar`m 15 `m A`m`mMm A`mg

H$arV ~gbo hmoV.o A`m`mMr gwdmV, lr_V ^JdV JrVo`m n{h`mM
cmoH$mZo Pmbr.
D$d_yb_Y:emI_W mha``_&
N>Xm{g `` nUm{Z `V doX g doX{dV&&1&&
lr. ^JdmZ hUmbo, Agm EH$ emV dQ> dj Amho. `mMo _yi
da Amho Am{U emIm Imbr AmhoV Am{U `mMr nmZo d{XH$ _
AmhoV. Omo `m djmbm OmUVmo, Vmo doXmZm OmUVmo. lr_V kmZoa
_mD$btZr m ggmanr djmMo nH$ KoD$Z, `mMo _moR>o gwXa dUZ
Ho$bo Amho. gnU
y A`m`mV doJdoJir CXmhaUo KoD$Z, ggmanr djmMo
_yi, emIm-CnemIm nr ~hmS>mMo gwXa dUZ Ho$bo Amho. ggma
H$gm _m`m_` Amho? Vmo V$Z Om`mMr gmYZo H$m`? 15 `m
A`m`mMm Coe, hm ggma H$gm `W Amho, Vo ggmar _mUgmg nQ>dyZ
XoD$Z `mMr Ap_Vm Am_dnmV pWa H$aUo, Ago Amho. `m_wio
hm A`m` hUOo gnUy ^JdV JrVoMm Jm^mM hQ>bo nm{hOo. _mD$btMo
kmZ AJmY. gm_m` OZmbm CZ Zo`mMr Vi_i. gd dmMVmZm
am_H$U VrZ Pmbo. dmQ>bo, ho gd Va AmnU OmUVmoM. _Z g
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 59

Pmbo. dmQ>bo, AmnUmg gd kmZ m Pmbo. `m g_mYmZmVM amr

Ceram Pmonbo. Zoh_r_mUo am_H$U nhmQ>o 4 bmM CR>bo. _Z
AmZXmZo ZmMV hmoVo. kmZ mrMm Ah^md OmJV Pmbm hmoVm.
VgoM `mZmbm ~gbo. WmoS>mM Ad{YV _Z C_Z Pmbo. `mZ
bmJbo. `mZmV EH$X_ gJirH$S>o _X H$me {Xgy bmJbm. gy_
XohmZo am_H$U ~mhoa Ambo. `m _X {ndiga H$memVyZ {\$aVmZm,
{Mmdmr \w$rV Pm`m hmo`m. VgoM nwT>o Jo`mda KZXmQ> OJb
bmJbo. Oam H$mimoIM hmoVm. nmR>r_mJ`m ~mOyZo EH$ dmK,
_moR>_moR>mZo S>aH$m`m \$moS>rV g_moa Ambm. am_H$U Km~$Z WaWa
H$mnm`bm bmJbo. gamdam niy bmJbo. mUnUmZo Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMm Ymdm Ho$bm. ho gd `mZmV nU `j KS>`mgmaIo.
S>mo`mg_moa `. _Zm`m gdoXZm nU VrdnUo OmUdV hmo`m.
dmMH$mnH$s H$mhr gmYH$ _S>ir AgVrb. `mZm H$YrVar, `mZmV
Ago AqVr` AZw^d Ambo AgVrbM. `mZmM mMo __ H$iyZ
`oBb. AmVm am_H$Umbm AMmZH$ EH$ PmonS>r {Xgbr. Ord
dmM{d`mgmR>r Vmo nQ>H$Z PmonS>rV {eabm. Va g_moa n. ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamO d n. ny. kmZoa _hmamO ~gbo hmoVo. XmoKohr
am_H$UmMr \${OVr nmhZ hgV hmoVo. Zaqghoa _hmamO
hUmbo, Aao am_H$Um, Vwbm nyU kmZ Pmbo Zm? _J Vy dmKmbm
H$m Km~abmg? Aao VwPm Am_m Am{U dmKmMm Am_m EH$M
Zm! _J Vw`mV Am{U dmKmV \$aH$M H$m`! gJir H$S>o, gd
m{U_mmV VmoM {ZJwU-{ZamH$ma na_m_m EH$ nmZo Amho.
_m`o`m AmdaUmZo doJionU Amho. hoM Am_kmZ AZw^dnmZo
Vwbm Pmbo AgVo, Va Vy dmKmbm Km~abm ZgVmg. kmZr
_mUgmbm ^` ZgVo. VwPo ZwgVo eXkmZ Amho. AYdQ> kmZmMm
AhH$ma ~miJy ZH$mog. VwPr gmYZm nyU Zmhr. ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z
{h_mb`mV Om. nm`r {\$a. gmYy dmrZo amhZ gmYZ H$a. {^jm
60 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

n. ny. am_H$U _hmamO

d. a_m~mB

(ZmoH$arV AgVmZm)

(_hmamOmMr AmB)

n. ny. am_H$U _hmamO, `>r

(dMZmmao CX~moYZ)

doN>m{Zdmr d gdmMm {Zamon

_mJyZ Xoh OJd. AmnmoAmn Vwbm Am_kmZmMm AZw^d `oBb.

_mPm Vwbm nyU AmerdmX Amho. Agm CnXoe H$$Z XmoKohr
AVYmZ nmdbo.
am_H$U `mZmVyZ ~mhoa Ambo. JhrdZ Ambo. S>mo`mVyZ Aly
nmP bmJbo. _ZmV`m _ZmV gXJw$Mo nm` Yabo. j_m _m{JVbr.
hUmbo, _mPr MyH$ Pmbr. _r dV:bm kmZr g_Obmo. doirM Vwhr
_bm gmdabo. a`mda AmUbo. AmVm Vw_Mo Amko_mUo {h_mb`mV
OmD$Z gmYZm H$[aZ. nU Vwhr _mPo ~amo~a gVV ahm. hUOo
^aH$Q>`mMr {^Vr ahmUma Zmhr. "Y` Vo gXJw Am{U Y` `mMm
AmdS>Vm {e` am_H$U.'
am_H$U AmiXrbm Odi Odi 45 {Xdg am{hbo. VoWyZ naV
S>m|{~dbr Am\$sgbm Ambo. lr. _mQ>ogmho~ hoS> S>mQ>g_Z hmoVo.
am_H$Um`m AMmZH$ {ZKyZ Om`mZo, gd H$m_mMm ~moOm `mModa
nS>bm. Iyn amJmdbo. hUmbo, Wm~ da`m gmho~mZm gmJyZ bJoMM
VwPr ~Xbr H$Z Q>mH$Vmo. S>Q>rda OmBZ H$Z `m`bm ZH$ma {Xbm.
am_H$UmMo gmYZm~b _mQ>ogmho~mZm _m{hVr hmoVr. naVw `mMm amJ
AZmda Pmbm hmoVm. H$mhrM EoHy$Z `m`bm V`ma ZhVo. am_H$U
da`m lr. eoUm` gmho~mH$S>o Jobo. `mZm gd n[apWVr gm{JVbr.
5/6 _{h`mVM _r amOrZm_m XoBZ nU _bm Q>mg\$a H$ ZH$m. eoUm`
gmho~mZm g_Omdbo. `mZr S>Q>rda OmBZ H$Z KoVbo.

nwT>o df^amMo AmVM doN>m{ZdmrMm AmXoe aodo ~moS>mZ o H$mT>bm.

IM dmT>bm hmoVm. H$mhr _mUgo H$_r H$amd`mMr hmoVr. am_H$U Vgohr
amOrZm_m Xo`m`m {dMmamV hmoV.o hr gwdU gYr MmbyZ Ambr. bJoMM
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 61

doN>m {ZdmrMm AO {Xbm. H$m`H$mar A{^`Vm lr. eoUm` gmho~mZr

am_H$UmZm `mMo H$~rZ_`o ~mobmdyZ KoVbo. g_OmdyZ gm{JVbo.
AmVm Vwbm _{h`mMm nJma {_iVmo. M[aWmVmMr gmo` hmoVo. Vy gd
gmoSy>Z {h_mb`mV Om``m Jmo>r H$aVmog. nU {~Zm nemZo H$mhrM
hmoV Zmhr. H$moUr H$moUmbm {dMmaV Zmhr. _r Vwbm 3 _{h`mMr aOm
XoVmo. AJXmoa OmD$Z gd nmhZ `o. O_bo Zmhr, Va naV `o. am_H$UmZr
Z_VoZo eoUm` gmho~mMo Am^ma _mZbo. hUmbo, gmho~ _mPm {dMma
n$m Amho. _J eoUm` gmho~mZr AO _Oya H$Z nwT>o nmR>{dbm. ngZb
{S>nmQ>_|Q> H$Sy>Z AO _Oya H$a`mV Ambm.
28 \o$~wdmar 1979, hm am_H$U _hmamOm`m, aodoVrb
ZmoH$arMm eodQ>Mm {Xdg R>abm. gnyU 23 df} (2 \o$~wdmar 1956 Vo
28 \o$~dw mar 1979) aodoV ZmoH$ar Pmbr. Am\$sg`m gd ghH$m`mZm
dmBQ> dmQ>b.o nU am_H$U AmZXmV hmoV.o EH$m ~YZmVyZ gwQ>yZ, _w$nUo
gmYZo`m gmJamV Sw>~Uma hmoVo. eodQ>`m {Xder Am\$sg_`o {Zamoon
g_ma^ Pmbm. am_H$UmMm emblr\$i XoD$Z gH$ma H$a`mV
Ambm. {ZamonmMr ^mfUo Pmbr. nwT>rb gmYZogmR>r gJ`mZr ew^oN>m
{X`m. am_H$UmZr ghH$m`m~b gdmMo Am^ma _mZbo. `mM {Xder
g`mH$mir am_H$UmZr, Amn`m Imobrda g`Zmam`UmMr nyOm Ho$br.
gdmZm Anmonhma d gmX {Xbm.
`mdoiog _{hZm 201 n`o noeZ {_imbr. \$S>mMo d JOwBQ>rMo
H$mhr ngo {_imbo. H$`mUbm _wa~mS> amoS>`m Q>oQ> ~Ho$V noeZ
AH$mD$Q> CKS>bo. `mgmR>r lr. AaqdX Hw$bH$Uu `mMr _XV Pmbr.
nwT>rb \$S>mMo ngo ~Ho$V O_m hmoUma hmoVo. gJir H$mJXno lr. AaqdX
Hw$bH$Uu `mMoH$S>o {Xbr. `oWyZ nwT>o gd `dhma VoM ~KUma hmoVo.
AmVm am_H$UmZm {h_mb`mV Om`mMr KmB Pmbr. gd AmdamAmdar
H$am`bm gwadmV Ho$br. gJ`m ZmVodmBH$mZm d {_mZm AmdOZy ^oQ>b.o
lr. h[a^mD$ Omoer EH$ {Xdg _hmamOmZm AmJhmZo Amn`m Kar KoD$Z
62 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Job.o {h_mb`mVyZ naV `m`Mm {dMma ZhVm. nwT>o H$m` hmoBb

? H$mhrM
_mhrV ZhVo. ^mD$~{hUr, nwVUo^mMo gdmZm H$mhr Zm H$mhr ^oQ>r
{X`m. Amnbo gd gm_mZ dmQy>Z Q>mH$bo. gdmZm dmBQ> dmQ>bo. AmVm
naV Ho$hm ^oQ> hmoBb, Vo _mhrV ZhVo. am_H$UmZm {h_mb`mV OmD$Z
gmYZm H$a`mnmgyZ H$moUrM namdm H$ eH$bo Zmhr.
am_H$U H$`mUhZ {_aOobm Ambo. gd Am_S>itZm ^oQ>bo.
{_aOohZ `>rbm Ambo. ^mdnyU _ZmZo g. g. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo
g_mYrda S>moHo$ R>odbo. {h_mb`mVrb gmYZogmR>r AmerdmX _m{JVbo.
Amnbr nmR>amIU H$a`mMr naV EH$Xm {dZVr Ho$br. JmoqdXamdmMo
AmerdmX KoVbo. O_IS>rbm JwXod amZS>o `m`m _{XamV Jobo. XeZ
KoD$Z AmerdmX KoVbo. nwT>o {M_S>bm OmD$Z n. ny. aKwZmW {` gmYy
_hmamO `mMo g_mYrMo XeZ KoVbo. {dOmnyabm OmD$Z n. ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOm`m _wbrbm ^oQy>Z AmerdmX KoVbm. gXm`mMo _w` WmZ
qhMo{Jar `oWo Jobo. n. ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO d n. ny. JwqbJOJ_
_hmamO `m`m g_mYrMo XeZ KoVbo. `mdoiog H$yaMo JUnVamd
_hmamO VoWoM hmoVo. `mMo XeZ KoVbo. `mZr am_H$UmMr {dMmanyg
Ho$br. {h_mb`mV gmYZogmR>r OmUma, ho EoHy$Z `mZm AmZX Pmbm.
`mZr _ZmnmgyZ AmerdmX {Xbo. H$mohmnyabm H$hoar _R> `oWo n. ny.
H$mS>{goa _hmamOmMr g_mYr Amho. VoWo OmD$Z XeZ KoVbo. Ago
gJ`mMo AmerdmX KoD$Z H$`mUbm naV Ambo.
VnM`}gmR>r {h_mb`mV `mU

am_Zd_r 1979 Mo ew^{Xder n. ny. am_H$U _hmamOmZr

{h_mb`mV gmYZobm Om`mgmR>r S>m|{~dbrhZ `mU Ho$bo. aodoMm
nmg hmoVmM. _w~ B g|Q>b `oWZy amr S>ho amSy>Z Egog nH$S>br. ~arMer
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 63

am_H$UmMm gmYwdof

Am_S>ir d Zohr _hmamOmZm {Zamon m`bm _w~B g|Q>b Q>oeZbm

hOa hmoVo. gH$mir ~S>moXm aodo Q>oeZda _hmamOmMo JwOamWr {_
lr. Xmoer ^oQ>bo. `mMo dS>rb F${fHo$ebm na_mW {ZHo$VZ _`o ahmV
hmoVo. `mMo gmR>r n d S>~m {Xbm. Vo am_H$UmZm hUmbo, d{S>bmZm
^oQ>m. Vo Vwhmbm H$mhr _XV H$ eH$Vrb. {Vg`m {Xder {Xr H$aV
JmS>r Xwnmar 3 dmOVm h[amabm nmohmoMbr. nydu XmoZ doim am_H$U
h[amabm Ambobo. WmoS>r\$ma _m{hVr hmoVrM. Oar nwaVo H$nS>o, gm_mZ
d WmoS>Ho$M ngo ~amo~a KoVbo hmoVo. AmVm H$mhr nydu gmaIo {h_mb`mMo
`moH$ ZhVo. Va {h_mb`mV Vn`}gmR>r Ambobo EH$ gmYy hmoVo.
h[amabm EH$ {Xdg JmoaIZmW _{XamV am{hbo. nwT>o F${fHo$ebm na_mW
_{XamV Jobo. lr. Xmoer `mMo d{S>bmZm ^oQ>bo. {M>r d S>~m {Xbm.
`mMo AmoiIrZo Imobr {_imbr. n{h`mXm ^mS>mZo. ZVa ngo gnbo.
gmYZ H$a`mgmR>r Ambo AmhoV hUyZ ZVa Imobr^mS>o KoVbo Zmhr. 2
_{hZo ahm hUmbo.

AmVm am_H$UmZr gmYwdof YmaU Ho$bm. EH$ YmoVa, H$_ao^modVr

JwS>mibobo. `mM YmoVamMr XmoZ Q>moHo$ nmR>rdZ nwT>o KoD$Z J`mV
JmR> _mabobr. N>mVrMm ^mJ CKS>mM. H$S>m`mMr WS>r. EH$ H$m~io
WS>rV PmonVmZm AJmda, Va MmbVmZm AJm^modVr. hmVmV EH$ H$_S>bw
gmaIm XmS>rMm Q>rbMm S>~m. nm`mgmR>r. S>mo`mda bmoH$arMr Q>monr.
nm`mV gm`mM Mnbm. nmR>rda AS>H$dbobr _moO`mM gm_mZmMr
H$mnS>r nQQ>mMr {nedr. {nedrV WmoS>o H$nS>o. {^jogmR>r Q>rbMo
nmoVobo. Imbr AWam`bm bQ>rH$Mm nona d AmoiIno Agbobr
bQ>rH$Mr {nedr. EdT>oM gm_mZ. nm`r dmgmV ghO Zo`mgmaIo.
64 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

XmT>r hiyhiy dmT>m`bm bmJbobr. nyd n[a{MVmZr AmoiIboM ZgVo.

_ZmV Ambo AgVo, Va, noeZMo ngo dmnZ {h_mb`mV {Xdg H$mT>bo
AgVo. nU Zmhr. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr Amkm hmoVr. gmYwdmrZo
amhZ gmYZ H$a. {^jo`m AmZo XohmMo nmofU H$a. am_H$UmZr
gXJwMr Amkm VVmoVV nmi`mMo R>a{dbo. Am_kmZmMr,
gmjmH$mamMr Vi_i bmJbr hmoVr. {Z`{_V gmYZmbm gwadmV
Pmbr hmoVr.
F$frHo$ebm mo\o$ga A_aZmWmMr ^oQ>

gmYmaU 2 _{hZo _hmamO F${fHo$ebm na_mW {ZHo$VZ_`o am{hbo.

JJmZmZ, {Xdg^a gmYZ. EH$ doi {^jm _mJyZ OodV. hiyhiy
gd Amg$s H$_r hmoV hmoVr. dam` dmT>V hmoVo. eara H$Vr
~marH$ Pmbr. gmYZoMo VoO, S>mo`mVyZ OmUH$mambm OmUdV
hmoVo. na_mW {ZHo$VZ _`o Odi`mM ImobrV, lr. A_aZmW hUyZ
{XrMo mo\o$ga Amn`m nZrgh WmoS>o {Xdg ahm`mg Ambo hmoVo.
_hmamOmMr {XZM`m Vo amoO nhmV hmoVo. `mZr dV:hZ am_H$U
_hmamOmMr AmoiI H$Z KoVbr. MmJbm n[aM` Pmbm. _hmamO
amoO g`mH$mir {\$am`bm OmV. `mMo ~amo~a A_aZmW nVrnZr
nU OmD$ bmJbo. a`mZo OmVmZm Am`m_mda MMm hmoB. mo\o$ga
A_aZmW hema hmoVo. am_H$U _hmamOmH$S>o Vo AmH${fV Pmbo. EH$
{Xdg mo\o$ga A_aZmW a`mZo WmoS>o _mJo am{hbo. gYr ~KyZ `m`m
nZrZo _hmamOmZm {dMmabo. _bm _yb hmoBb H$m? AmerdmX m. gm.
A_aZmWmMo d` 40 Mo Amgnmg hmoVo. H$Vr {ZH$mon hmoVr. _hmamO
ghOM ~mobZy Job.o Vwhr ^$s^mdmZo ^JdVmMo Zm__aU H$am. `mbm
eaU Om. Vwhmbm Z$sM An`mr hmoBb. VodT>mV mo\o$ga nwT>o
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 65

Ambo. `mZr _hmamOmMm d Amn`m nZrMm gdmX EoH$bm hmoVm. Vo

OmoaOmoamZo hgm`bm bmJbo. hUmbo, _hmamO H$mhrVarM AmerdmX
H$m` XoVm! Ahmo {_gog A_aZmWmMo J^me`mV Xmof Amho. gd VhoMo
Cnm` Pmbo. _moR>m S>m Q>amZr H$YrM _yb hmoUma Zmhr, hUyZ gm{JVbo
Amho. {_gog A_aZmWm`m S>mo`mV MQ>H$Z nmUr Ambo. _hmamOmZm
dmBQ> dmQ>bo. hUmbo, na_oa gd e$s_mZ Amho. `mMr H$nm
Pmbr, Va H$mhr hr hmoD$ eH$Vo. {df` VodT>mdaM gnbm.
{h_mb`mMo gmYZ H$mimV _hmamO, am_H$U ~Mmar hUyZ
AmoiIbo OmV. nwT>o 1981 gmbr {h_mb`mVyZ naV `oVmZm _hmamO
CmaH$merV gmo_ml_ `oWo ahmV hmoV.o gmo_ml_Mo _w` dm_r gmYZmZX
C{e{jV Am{U dmUrZo _Ywa. VoWo mo\o$ga A_aZmW, am_H$U
_hmamO {H$Ya h? hUyZ emo{YV Ambo. Aml_mVrb gmYH$mZr `mZm
am_H$U _hmamOmOdi AmUyZ gmoS>bo. _hmamOmMr dmT>bobr XmT>r d
gnU
y gmYwde
o ~KyZ A_aZmWmZr `mZm AmoiIboM Zmhr. am_H$UmZr
_m `mZm AmoiIbo. `mo mo\$o gagm~, `hm H$go? hUyZ hgyZ dmJV
Ho$bo. AmVm _m mo\o$gamZm AmoiI nQ>br. `mZr nQ>H$Z _hmamOmMo
nm` Yabo. S>mo`mVyZ H$VkVoMo Aly Z H$iV ~mhoa Ambo. hUmbo,
_hmamO Amn Y` hmo& AmnZo _oar nZr H$mo AmerdmX {X`m& Ama
`m OmXy hAm& na_m_mZo AmnH$s ~mV gwZ {b`r& Z hmoZr, hmoZr _o
~Xb J`r& AmO Xmo _{hZo hAo& _wPo ^JdmZZo bS>H$m {X`m& _oar
nZr, Vmo AmnH$s `mX AmVo hr amoo nS>Vr h& Amnhr gM_wM ^JdmZ
h& _ AmnHo$ {b`o Hw$N> H$aZm MmhVm h& _wPo godmH$m Adga Xmo&
_hmamO Va Am`mZo EH$X_ VY Pmbo. Za{ghoa _hmamOmMr
Ho$dT>r hr H$nm! Amn`m {e`mMo AmerdmX \$mob R> Z`o
hUyZ, Ho$dT>r hr AKQ>rV H$aUr. ~mBMo J^me`mV Xmof Amho.
Ago g_O`mda, `mdoiog _hmamO nU {I Pmbo hmoVo. dmQ>bo,
H$embm {Xbm hm AmerdmX? gmYZoMo gm_` _hmamOmMo dmUrbm
66 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

gmYH$ AdWoVbr {XZM`m

bm^bo hmoVo, AgoM hUmdo bmJob. _hmamO mo\o$ga A_aZmWmZm

KoD$Z dm_r gmYZmZXmH$S>o Jobo. _r ~amJr Amho. _bm H$mhr ZH$mo.
Aml_mgmR>r H$mhr H$am. `oWo gmYy bmoH$mMr godm Ho$br OmVo. nwT>o
nYam hOma n`o IM H$Z mo\o$gagmho~mZr gmo_ml_mV bmBQ>Mr
`dWm Ho$br.

_hmamOmZr ^OZmMo nwVH$ ~amo~a Zobo hmoVo. gH$mir 3&& bmM

CR>V. 5 dmOon`V On`mZ. nhmQ>o 5 bm H$mH$S>AmaVr hiy
AmdmOmV. Mhm {_imbm Va R>rH$. ZmhrVa Zmhr. {Xdg^a mgm~amo~a
On Am{U `mZ. _ZmMr C_Z AdWm dmT>m`bm bmJbr. `m_wio
VmgZ Vmg `mZ bmJo. AmkmMH$mVyZ doJdoJio H$memMo AZw^d.
_YyZ _YyZ gXJw Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo XeZ. gd AmZXmMm AZw^d.
Xwnmar {^jm _mJyZ EH$ doiMo OodU. W_ OS> Jobo. ZVa
A{^_mZ H$_r Pmbm. {O^oMo MmoMbo Zmhrgo Pmbo. OodUmZVa
WmoS>r {dlmVr, naV gmYZ. g`mH$mir nm` _moH$io H$a`mgmR>r {\$aUo.
nwhm amr XmoZ Vmg gmYZ. amr 10 Mo AmV PmonyZ OmV. gwadmVrbm
amr ^yH$ bmJm`Mr. OgOgo gmYZ dmT>bo, Vg Vgm `moJmr
dmT>bm. OR>amr H$_r Pmbm. F${fHo$ehZ 5 {H$. _r. AVamda
`mg Jw\$m. _`o EH$m gmYw~amo~a 4 {Xdg amhZ gmYZm H$Z Ambo.
S>m|JamV AmV`m ~mOybm _moR>m eV Jwhm. bmJyZM Aml_. gmYZm
H$aVmZm EH$ doi OodUmMr gmo` Pmbr. nU ~mhoaMo bmoH$mZm \$ma
{Xdg amh XoV ZgV.

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 67

Xod `mJbm `mU

naV F${fHo$ebm Ambo. na_mW {ZHo$VZ_Yrb XmoZ _{h`mMr

_wXV gnbr hmoVr. ~`mM gmYy`m AmoiIr Pm`m hmo`m. AmVm
nm`rM nwT>`m dmgmbm {ZKmbo. F$frHo$e Vo Xod`mJ, AVa gmYmaU
70 {H$. {_. Xod`mJ~b gmYy ghH$m`mH$Sy>Z _m{hVr {_imbr hmoVr.
g~Y MT>mdmMm ZmJ_moS>r aVm. _Yo _Yo N>moQ>r N>moQ>r Jmdo bmJV.
WmoS>oM ngo Odi hmoVo. Mhm`m Q>narda EImXm Mhm KoV. _YoM nm`r
dmg H$aUmam EImXm gmYy ^oQ>.o "har Amo_ dm_r' H$aV PmS>mImbr
~gyZ {dlmVr d `mbr-Iwembr`m Jnm hmoV. `mVyZ nwT>`m dmgr
Jmdm~b _m{hVr {_io. amr H$moR>o ahm`Mr `dWm Amho? H$moR>o
{^jm {_iVo? `m_mUo `m Jmdr amrMr dVr H$arV 4 {XdgmV
Xod`mJmbm nmohmoMbo. gmYmaU OyZ 1979 Mm n{hbm AmR>dS>m hmoVm.
AmVm nmdgmbm gwdmV hmoUma hmoVr.
{ZgJa` Xod`mJ d XeaW nhmS>mV
dmV`

Xod`mJ _moR>o N>mZ, {ZgJa` {R>H$mU Amho. S>m|Jam`m EH$m

~mOyZo ^mJraWr d Xwg`m ~mOyZo AbH$ZXm `oD$Z EH$_oH$mZm {_iVmV.
IiIi dmhUmao nmUr, EH$_oH$mV {_giVmZm XmoZ AdIi ~m{bH$m
\w$JS>r Ioi`mMm ^mg hmoVmo. nwT>o EH$ hmoD$Z, JJm `m ZmdmZo Vr
F${fHo$ebm OmVo. gmaIo `m a_Ur` `mH$S>o ~KV ahmdogo dmQ>Vo.
am_H$U _hmamO Xod `mJmMo ~g Q>S>Odi Ambo. XwnmaMr doi
hmoVr. EH$m hmQ>b
o _`o ahm`m`m `dWo~b MmH$er Ho$br. hmQ>b
o Mm
68 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

XeaW nhmS>mV H$R>moa gmYZm

_mbH$ `w. nr. gmBS>Mm gXJhW hmoVm. hUmbm, AmAmo _hmamO&

H$hmgo Am`o& ~~Bgo, hQ>`mda `mMo Hw$Vyhb OmJo Pmbo. ~mob`m~mob`mVM `mMo ZmoH$amZo nwar-^mOr g_moa AmUyZ R>odbr. noQ>^a
Imdmo _hmamO& Xwnma`m doibm gmYybm Oody KmV`mMo g_mYmZ d
nw` hmQ>ob _mbH$mbm bm^bo. ngo KoVbo Zmhr. hUmbm, `hr amVogo
WmoS>m AmJo Omd& XmhrVa\$ nhmS>rno OmZodmbm EH$ amVm {XImB XoJm&
dhm WmoS>ohr Cna XeaWnhmS> h& dhm AmnH$m BVOm_ hmo Om`oJm&
_hmamO "O` O` am_ Or H$s' H$$Z nwT>o {ZKmbo. XeaWnhmS>
n`V Ambo. {g CmoJnVr _\$VbmbZr {h_mb`mV ~aoM {R>H$mUr
gmYy bmoH$m`m dmV`mgmR>r Aml_ ~mYbobo AmhoV. XeaWnhmS>
`mnH$s EH$. VoWo _\$VbmbmMo Jw$ n. ny. MH$Ya Omoer _wI hmoVo.
_hmamO `mZm OmD$Z ^oQ>bo. ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z _w~BhZ gmYZogmR>r Ambo
AmhoV. Ago H$i`mda Am` dmQ>bo. _emZdam` m hmoD$Z
H$mhrOU ggma gmoSy>Z {h_mb`mV `oVmV. nU {Q>H$V ZmhrV.
{h_mb`mVrb H$R>rU {ZgJmMr _mhrV MH$Ya OmoetZr gm{JVbr d
gmYZmV {Q>Hy$Z ahmUo, {H$Vr H$R>rU Amho Vo g_OmdyZ gm{JVbo.
_hmamOmZr Amn`m gXJw $ `m AmXoemMr H$nZm {Xbr. MH$Ya Omoer
g_Obo, hm H$mhr H$`m Jw$Mm Mobm Zmhr. S>m|JamdaM EH$ PmonS>r
{Xbr. OodUmMr gmo` hmoUma Zmhr, hUyZ gm{JVbo. JmdmV OmD$Z
{^jm _mJmdr bmJob. AmVm am_H$U gmYy OrdZmbm ibo hmoVo.
`mZr AmZXmZo hmoH$ma {Xbm.

_hmamOm`m gmYZoMm amoOMm {XZH$_ Mmby Pmbm. PmonS>rV amr

H$S>m`mMr WS>r dmOV hmoVr. nmdgmbm gwdmV hmoUma hmoVr. MH$Ya
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 69

OmoetZr PmonS>rda Q>mH$m`bm EH$ d O{_Zrda AW$`mgmR>r EH$,

Ago XmoZ OmS> bpQ>H$Mo nona {Xbo. nmKam`bm EH$ C~Xma H$m~io
{Xbo. nhmQ>o 3 bm CRy>Z Onmbm ~g`mda Iyn WS>r dmOo. nU gmYmaU
A`m VmgmZo, mgm~amo~a Vm|S> ~X R>odyZ AmV`m AmV Ho$bo`m
Zm__aUmZo earamVbr CUVm dmT>m`bm gw$dmV hmoB. WS>r
H$moR>`mH$moR>o niyZ OmB. {h_mb`mV`m dmVmdaUmer _hmamOmMo eara
OwidyZ `m`bm bmJbo. ~amo~a`m gmYyZr {h_mb`mVrb ~Xb`m
dmVmdaUmMr H$nZm {Xbr hmoVrM. gmYZm H$aVmZm nmdgm`mV
e`Vmo EH$m {R>H$mUr ahm. dmg H$$ ZH$m. H$mhr gmYy Zonmi_mJ}
_mZggamoda d H$bmg ndVmMr `mm H$a`mg {ZKmbo hmoVo. `mZr
Amn`m~amo~a Mb`mMm AmJh Ho$bm. nU gmYZm hmoUma Zmhr, hUyZ
_hmamOmZr ZH$ma {Xbm. nhmQ>o 3 Vo gH$mir 8 n`V, EH$mM ~R>H$sV
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PmonS>rV `oV. EH$ H$arV. {O^obm MdrMr AmoiI ZH$mo.
gXJw$Zm Zdo XmI{dV. Am{U gmX hUyZ JhU H$arV.
Xwg`m {XderMr qMVm Zmhr. hUyZ gJh Zmhr. WmoS>r {dlmVr.
naV Xwnmar 1 Vo 5 gmYZm. Vmg^a WmoS>m \o$a\$Q>H$m. naV 7 Vo amr 9
qMVZ-Zm__aU. amr 9 bm Pmonr OmV. \$mago H$moUmer ~mobUo
Zmhr. VZ Am{U _Z gmaIo gmYZoV `J. KaMo-ZmoH$arMo {dMma
nU _ZmV `oBZmgo Pmbo. nYam {Xdg Pmbo.
lr. MH$Ya Omoer am_H$UmMr amoOMr {Z`{_V Mmbbobr gmYZm
nhmV hmoVo. gd emVVoZo Mmbbo hmoVo. Hw$R>bohr _mJUo Zmhr.
Hw$R>brhr VH$ma Zmhr. {_iob Vr {^jm drH$m$Z Xoh ajU
H$arV hmoVo. H${b`wJmV A_` mU Amho. `m_wio EH$ doi Var
Xohmbm AmMr AmhVr mdr bmJVo. _J Vo Hw$R>`mhr H$maMo
Agmo. gmYZo_wio, Vn}`}_wio earamV `moJmr dmT>bm H$s,
70 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

mUdm`yMr dr hmoD$Z OR>amr H$_r hmoVmo.

`m_wio `moJr bmoH$mZm \$mago AmMr JaO ahmV Zmhr.
AmB Hw$S>brZrMr OmJVr hmoD$Z, {VMm gMma gd eara^a hmoVmo.
earamVrb gd ZmS>m ew hmoVmV. AmVrb ~marH$-gmarH$
earaXmof OiyZ OmVmV. AmB Hw$S>brZrMr e$s nob`mg,
gmYH$mMo eara {g hmoVo. Zm__aUmZo dmgZmMm Zme hmoD$Z
{Mm ew hmoVo. `mo`mMo earamda `mMo n[aUm_ {Xgy bmJVmV.
eara ~marH$ nU VoOnwO Am{U ~bdmZ hmoVo. _hmamOmMr hrM
pWVr hmoV hmoVr. MH$Ya Omoer _hmamOmH$S>o AmH${fV Pmbo.
AmnUhZ `mZm ~mobmdyZ KoVbo. _hmamOmMo gXJw$ Zaqghoa
_hmamOm~b OmUyZ KoVbo. {e`m`m gmYZ drg `m`m
gXJw$Mo AmerdmX H$maUr^yV AgVmV. gXJw$`m {XjoMo
~rOM {e`m`m VZ-_ZmV gmYZo`m mojUm_wio \w$bV AgVo.
Agm AmerdmX bm^bobo {e` Am{U `mMo g_W Am_kmZr
Jw$, XmoKohr Y`M.
lr. MH$Ya OmoetMm Xod`mJbm S>m|JamMo ImbMo ~mOyg EH$
Aml_ hmoVm. `mMo Zmd OmoJrdmS>m. VoWo EH$ Imobr [aH$m_r Pmbr.
Vr bJoMM _hmamOmZm {Xbr. VoWo am{h`m_wio WS>r-dm`mMm mg
H$_r Pmbm. am_H$UmZr gd ^ma Amnbo gXJw$ Zaqghoa
_hmamOmda Q>mH$bm hmoVm. CmMr H$miOr ZhVrM. nU {g
hmo`mMr, Am_kmZ mrMr nU H$miOr ZhVr. gdH$mhr
gXJw$M H$aUma hmoVo. g_W am_Xmg dm_tMo C$s_mUo
"CnmgZobm T> Mmbdmdo' hoM \$$ H$arV hmoVo.

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 71

Zaqghoa _hmamOmH$Sy>Z ^yVmMo {ZdmaU

_ZmMr C_Z AdWm

S>m|Jamda`m PmonS>rV ahmV AgVmZm, _hmamO EH$Xm amr

gS>mgbm ~mhoa Jobo. gJirH$S>o AYmamMo gm_m`. Jma dmam. naV
`oV AgVmZm g_moa 15-20 \y$Q>md a, EH$ 5 \y$Q> CMrMm, nMm Zogbobm
OmS>ga {J>m _Zw` {Xgbm. `odT>m amr H$moR>o Mmbbm! Agm {dMma
_ZmV `oVmo, Vmoda Vmo _Zw` EH$X_ AmnmoAmn 6&& \y$Q> CM Pmbm.
hmd^md ^ogya Pmbo. _hmamO Km~abo. EH$X_ Vm|S>mVyZ "Zaqghoa
_hmamO H$s O`' Agm CXJma {ZKmbm. Vo ^yV hmoVo. _hmamOmH$S>o
MmbV `oV hmoVo. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo Zmd {ZKm`m~amo~a _mJo diyZ
WmoS>o nwT>o Jobo Am{U Zmhrgo Pmbo.

S>m|JamdaMo PmonS>rV `mZmbm ~gVmZm, nhmQ>o`m doiog amZQ>r

{H$S>mMm mg hm`Mm. nU bj Z XoVm, gmYZ ZoQ>mZo H$arV. AgoM
EH$Xm nhmQ>o`m doiog _hmamOmMo MmJbo `mZ bmJbo. _Z
C_Z hmoD$Z earamMm gnH$ VwQ>bm. AmkmMH$mVyZ g_moa dV:Mr
`mZ_ _yVu g_moa {Xgm`bm bmJbr. ^modVmbr H$mio, {ndio
gmn {\$aV hmoVo. gy_ Xoh gd AdbmoH$Z H$arV hmoVm. {^VrMm
bdboehr ZhVm. Ago ~amM doi Mmbbo. hiyhiy nydpWVrbm
Ambo. `mdoiog _Zmbm EH$ H$maMm Abm{H$H$ AmZX OmUdV hmoVm.
AZw^d gmJm`bm H$moUr ZhVo. nU gXJw$Mo nyU bj hmoVo. `mZm
gd g_OV hmoVo.
72 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

~H$ _ZoOa _hmamOmH$S>o AmH${fV

_hmamO g`mH$mir Xod`mJMo a`mda, WmoS>o bm~da {\$am`bm

OmV. XmoZ-VrZ doiog ZrQ> ZoQ>H$m nmoemI Ho$bobo, Jmo`m aJmMo, 6
\y$Q> CMrMo {YnmS> JhW {Xgbo. XmoKmZrhr EH$_oH$mH$S>o ~KyZ
p_Vhm` Ho$bo. XmoZ {XdgmZVa _m `m JhWmZr _mJyZ AmdmO
{Xbm. _hmamO H$mo& WmoS>o Odi Ambo. _ h_oem AmnH$mo XoIVm h&
H$hm ahVo hmo? H$hmgo Am`o? _hmamOmZr Amnbr AmoiI H$$Z {Xbr.
BJOr `oV Agbobo. _w~BhZ MmJbr ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z Ambobo, gmYy
~KyZ `mZm Iyn Am` dmQ>bo. {^jmWu gmYy Iyn {XgV. `mZr nU
Amnbr AmoiI H$$Z {Xbr. JwmOr nOm~ qgY ~Ho$V, Xod`mJMo
emIoV _ZoOa hmoVo. `mZm ~Ho$Zr ahm`bm, MmJbo _moR>o Ka {Xbo hmoVo.
C {e{jV nU A`mp_H$ dmrMo o_i `$s_d. gmYy-gVm~b
`mZm Iyn Amp_`Vm dmQ>o. MmJbrM AmoiI Pmbr. amoO g`mH$mir
{\$am`bm OmVmZm JmR> nS>o.
Am`m_mda Jnm hmoV. _{XamVbo Xod-XeZ EdT>mdaM
Jwmgmho~mMo Am`m_ Wm~bo hmoVo. `mZr nwT>o OmUyZ Ko`mMr Vi_i
XmI{dbr. _hmamOmZr `mZm Zm__aU, Jw$CnXoe, `mZ m~b
g{dVa gm{JVbo. _hmamOm`m A{^_mZ a{hV emV d^mdmZo,
Jwmgmho~ AmH${fV Pmbo. hUmbo, _hmamO _oam Ka ~hV ~S>m h&
dhr ahmo& AmnHo$ ImZo H$m BVOm_ ^r H$aVm h& dhr Amam_go gmYZ
H$amo& h_o ^r godmH$m Adga {_boJm& _hmamOmZr JmoS> eXmV ZH$ma
{Xbm. H$moUmbm XwIdUo, _hmamOm`m a$mVM Zmhr. _hmamO
{^jobm amoO doJdoJ`m ^mJmV OmV. H$Yr H$Yr Jwmgmho~mMo KamH$S>o
OmV. "Amo_ {^jmXohr' Agm _hmamOmMm AmdmO EoHy$ Am`m~amo~a
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 73

gmYy _mH$S>

Jwmgmho~m`m Y_nZr ~mhoa `oV. _hmamOmZm Wm~dyZ R>do rV. H$mhrVar

{_R>mB, \$io, nwar-^mOr Aer ^anya {^jm KmbrV. _hmamOmZm VoWM
o
Ood`mMm AmJh H$arV. nU _hmamO Wm~V ZgV. _mUgmMo
_Z _moR>o dmBQ> Amho. AerM gd` bmJbr, Va OS> OmBb.
gmYH$mbm _moR>o n` nmimdo bmJVo.

OmoJrdmS>mV`m Imobrg_moa ~aoM doim EH$ _mH$S> `oV Ago.

~amM doi ZwgVoM ~gyZ amhr. Im`bm {Xbo, Va WmoS>o ImB. nU hmH$bbo
Var A{O~mV hbV Zgo. Imobr CKS>r {Xgbr H$s AmV OmD$Z {\$$Z
`oB. gm_mZmbm hmV bmdrV Zgo. W_ am_H$U Km~abo. BVa gmYyZr
gm{JVbo H$s, Vo "gmYy _mH$S>' Amho. 4-5 dfmnydu `oWo amhUmam EH$
gmYy dmabm. `mbm `m OmJoMr Iyn gd` hmoVr. AH$_mV Pmbo`m
{ZYZm_wio, `m`m nydO_r`m dmgZm `oWoM AS>H$`m. hm O_
_mH$S>mMm {_imbm. nU nyd O_r`m _Vt_wio Vo _mH$S> OmoJrdmS>m
^modVrM {\$aVo. H$moUmbm mg XoV Zmhr. gmYH$mbm hUm H$s
{gmbm, _aU H$go emVVoV Ambo nm{hOo. MmJ`m-dmBQ>
Hw$R>`mM dmgZm Xoh gmoS>VmZm _Zmbm ZH$mo. _Zmg_moa hdr,
\$$ gXJw$Mr _yVu. ZmhrVa gJir gmYZm \w$H$Q> Om`Mr.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr H$nm>r

Xod`mJbm _hmamOmMm nwH$i {Xdg _w$m_ hmoVm. H$`mUbm

lr. AaqdX Hw$bH$Uu `mMoH$S>o n`dhma hmoVm. _hmamOmMo gdmV
74 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Xod`mJ Vo JwH$mer

_moR>o ^mD$ lr. JmoqdXamd (Amnm) `>r `oWM

o amhZ _{XamMr XoI^mb
d {Z` CnmgZm H$arV hmoVo. H$`mUbm Q>oQ> ~H$, _wa~mS> amoS> emIoV,
_hmamOm`m Im`mV, aodo`m ZmoH$arVbo Cabbo \$S>mMo ngo O_m
Pmbo hmoVo. AmnmZm `>r`m _{XamMo {dH$mg H$m_mgmR>r AH$am
hOma $n`mMr JaO hmoVr. nU _hmamO dV: ~Ho$V Jo`m{edm` ngo
{_iUma ZhVo. {h_mb` gmoSy>Z OmVm `oV ZhVo. Q>oQ> ~Ho$Vrb {eI
_ZoOa Zwg`m AWmoarQ>r boQ>ada ngo Xo`mg V`ma ZhVo. _hmamOmZr
lr. AaqdX Hw$bH$Uu `mMo Zmdo AWmoarQ>r boQ>a nmR>dyZ {Xbo hmoVo.
_moR>r AS>MU hmoVr.
n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO YmdyZ Ambo. Q>oQ> ~Ho$Vrb erI _ZoOa
XrK _wXVr`m aOoda Jobo. `mMo OmJr lr. XoenmS>o ZmdmMo _hmam>r`Z
_ZoOa Ambo. lr. AaqdX Hw$bH$Uu eoOmarM Agbo`m H$Zam ~Ho$V
_ZO
o a hmoV.o `mMr d lr. XoenmS>o gmho~mMr MmJbr _r hmoVr. AaqdX
Hw$bH$UtZr gd n[apWVr XoenmS>o gmho~mZm gm{JVbr. `mZr Amnbo
A{YH$mamV, noeb nadmZJr XoD$Z AWmo[aQ>r boQ>ada 11 hOma n`o
AaqdX Hw$bH$Uu `mZm {Xbo. Vo `mZr AmnmZm nmR>{dbo. `>rbm
_{XamMo H$m_ gwairV Mmby Pmbo. nU `mVrb EH$hr ngm _hmamOmZr
Amn`mgmR> r Xo d `mJbm _mJ{dbm Zmhr. n. ny . Zaqgho a
_hmamOm`m H$nm->rZoM ho gd e` Pmbo.

_hmamOmZm Xod`mJbm `oD$Z 6 _{hZo CbQy>Z Jobo hmoVo. OmZodmar

1980 Mr gwdmV hmoVr. VrZ _{h`mZr ~\$ {dViyZ Ho$XmaZmWMm
n[aga XeZmgmR>r Iwbm hmoUma hmoVm. _hmamOmZr AmVm nwT>o Ho$XmaZmWbm
Om`mMo R>a{dbo. nm`r Om`Mo hmoVo. hUyZ {~ZO$ar gm_mZ
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 75

Xod`mJbm gmYy ^JVam_ `mMoH$S>o R>odbo. Vo H$m`_ Xod`mJbmM

ahmV. naV `oVmZm gm_mZ KoVm `oBb. Agm {dMma Ho$bm. gdmMm
{Zamon KoD$Z {ZKmbo. nm`r MmbV, a`mZo H$moR>o PmS>mImbr {dlmVr.
bhmZ Jmdr {^jm. Ago H$arV lrZJa _mJ} `mJbm Ambo. AVa
gmYmaU 60 {H$. _r. Mma {Xdg bmJbo. gJim n[aga {ZgJa`
hmoVm. EImXo PmS>mImbr, {ZgJmMo Hw$erV emV {R>H$mUr `mZ H$arV.
Hw$R>o Om`Mo? H$Yr nmoMm`Mo? Aer H$mhrM JS>~S> ZhVr. gmYZobm
`mo` OmJm {_imbr, H$s _w$m_ H$arV. `mJbm nmohmoM`mg am
Pmbr hmoVr. gJirH$S>o XwH$mZo ~X H$$Z bmoH$ Kar Jobo hmoVo. AYma
hmoVm. ~gQ>S>bm nmohmoMbo.
bmBQ> hmoVm. nU H$moUrM _mUgo {XgV ZhVr. WS>rMo gm_m`
Mmby Pmbo. H$m~io nmK$Z EH$ _mUyg ~mhoa Ambobm {Xgbm. Vmo
hUmbm, _hmamO A~ AmnH$mo H$moB OJh Zhr {_boJr& `hr gmo Omd&
_hmamO ZmBbmOmZo ~g Q>S>daM Pmonbo. Imbr OdiMo bpQ>H$
AWabo. AJmda H$m~io. WS>rMm O~aXV H$S>mH$m. Pmon Hw$R>br!
ZwgVoM nSy>Z am{hbo. nhmQ>oM CRy>Z `mZ Ho$bo. WmoS>o D$Z da Am`mda
Odi`m AbH$ZXm ZXrV ZmZ Ho$bo. JmdmV {^jmXohr H$$Z nmoQ>mbm
AmhVr {Xbr. nwT>o {ZKmbo. gmYwdoe hmoVmM. nU _ZmZo nyU gmYy
Pmbobo. a`mV H$moUr gmYy ^oQ>bo H$s "har Amo_ dm_rOr' hUV
nwT>o OmV. H$Yr H$Yr ^oQ>o`m gmYy~amo~a ~mVMrV. ~amo~a `mU.
nmS> Jmdmbm {d^yVrMm M_H$ma

WmoS>o nwT>o Jo`mda, EH$ N>moQ>ogo Jmd bmJbo. nmS>. D$Z MmJboM
Vmnbo hmoVo. hmQ>obg_moa Wm~bo. _mbH$mZo AmV ~mobmdbo. Mhm {Xbm.
hUmbm, _hmamO _ ~hV gH$Q>_o h& _oam bS>H$m ~hV {~_ma h& Hw$N>
76 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

JwH$merV gmYZ

ImVm Zhr& ~hV Xw~bm hmo J`m h& Amn dm_rOr hmo& Hw$N> {d^yVr
Xmo& _hmamOmZm H$m` H$amdo, Vo gyMoZm. Amn`m hmVmV H$mhr Zmhr.
H$go gmJmdo? nU X`m Ambr. g. g. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo Zmd KoD$Z,
OdiMr WmoS>r {d^yVr `mbm {Xbr. WmoS>r H$nmimbm bmdyZ, ~mH$s
nm`mV {_giyZ _wbmbm Xo`mg gm{JVbo. emV d^md. gmYZo_wio
Vmo OmVM hidm Pmbm hmoVm. Ago Hw$UmMo XwI: EoH$bo H$s, _Z
H$UoZo ^$Z OmB. CJ gmYZoZo earamVrb CUVm dmTy>Z ~aoMgo
gmYy H$moYr hmoVmV. nU am_H$UmMo gJioM H$mhr doJio.
gXJwMm g_W nmqR>~m. Ho$XmaZmWhZ naV `oVmZm, `mZr_Zr
ZgVmZm Vmo hmQ>ob_mbH$ ^oQ>bm. `mZo _hmamOmZm AmoiIbo. `mMo
nm` Yabo. hUmbm, _hmamO AmnH$s {d^yVr ~S>r AX^yV Wr& VwaVhr
_oam bS>H$m AN>m hmo J`m& _hmamOmZr _Zmo_Z Amn`m gXJwZm
Um_ Ho$bm. hmQ>ob_mbH$mZo O~aXVrZo H$mhr ngo _hmamOmMo hmVmV
R>odbo. Agm nm`rM dmg H$arV AJVr_wZr Am{U Hw$S> H$arV
JwH$merbm `oD$Z nmohMbo.

JwH$mer ho N>mZ S>m|Jam`m nm``mdaMo {R>H$mU. {ZgJa`.

~mOyZoM _Xm{H$ZrMm nmT>amew^ AdIi dmh dhmV Agbobm. {VWo
H$mbrH$_brdmbm Y_emim Amho. VnM`}bm Ambo`m gmYwMr N>mZ
gmo`. {_{ZQ>a ~hJwUmMo _moR>o ^mD$ VoWrb `dWm ~KV. Xod`mJMo
lr. MH$Ya Omoer `mZr {M>r {XbrM hmoVr. _hmamO H$mbrH$_brdmbm
Y_emioV nmohmoMbo. {M>r XmI{dbr. Moh`md$Z _hmamOmMo gmYonU
{XgyZ `oB. bJoMM `mMr ahm`mMr `dWm Pmbr. _moR>m hmb hmoVm.
~aoMgo gmYy VoWo gmYZ H$arV. Aml_mVM EH$ eH$amMo _{Xa, S>mJ| am`m
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 77

~mOybm hmoVo. XeZ KoVbo. _hmamOmMo _Z EH$X_ g Pmbo.

dmVmdaUM Vgo hmoVo. Aml_mMr H$mhr H$m_o AgV. gmYy-g`mgr
bmoH$ Vr H$arV. EH$ doi gmYoM, nU MH$a OodU. am_H$UmMo _Z
VoWo a_bo. gmYZobm gVm AmUUmar OmJm.
amoOMm {XZH$_ N>mZ O_bm. `mZmV H$mem~amo~a doJdoJ`m
XodXodVmMo, gmYy-gVmMo XeZ hmoD$ bmJbo. n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO
d n. ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO Zoh_rM `mZmV {XgV. S>moio {_Q>bo H$s,
EH$ MH$MH$sV {ndiga aJmMm VoOnwO Vmam ZOaog_moa C^m amhr.
hmbVM Zgo. gmaIo `mMoH$S>o nhmdogo dmQ>.o "AmZXr AmZXJS>o & {OH$S>o
{VH$S>o MmohrH$S>o&&' Ago dmQ>m`bm bmJbo. H$Yr _Z C_Z hmoD$Z
g_mYr bmJo, H$iVM Zgo. XZ{XZ CnmgZoV hQ>br OmUmar, kmZoda
_hmamOmZr aMbobr, H$mH$S> AmaVr AmR>dbr. \$ibo ^m` _mPo&
Y` Pmbmo ggmar& gXJw$ ^oQ>bo hmo, `mZr Y[a`obo H$ar& `m`m
nwT>`m Amodr
amD$im _mOr OmVm, amho Xoh AdWm&
_Z ho C_Z Pmbo, Zgo ~VoMr dmVm&
hoVw hm _mdibm, eXm Ambr {Z:eXVm&
VQ>W hmoD$Zr R>obo, {ZOn nhmVm&

gnyU AmaVrV dUZ Ho$bo`m gmYH$m`m AdWoMm,

am_H$U _hmamO dV:M AZw^d KoV hmoVo. Aer _V gmYZm
Mmbbr hmoVr. _Z \$imMr AmemM {dg$Z Jobo hmoVo.
am_H$Um~amo~a Y_emioV Xmoer ZmdmMo gmYH$ hmoVo. `mZr
g`mg Y_ pdH$mabm hmoVm. XmoKohr ~`mM doim nhmQ>o 3&& dmOVm,
OdiMo _hmXodmMo _{XamV `mZ-gmYZobm ~gV. Jm^m`mMo nwT>Mo
~mOwbm g^mJh hmoVo. Oam ~mOwbm ~gbo, hUOo gH$mir nyOobm
`oUm`m nyOm`mMr AS>MU hmoV Zgo. `mZ bmJbo hUOo doioMm
AS>ga Cn`moJmMm Zmhr. _{Xa Oam daMo ~mOwbm. ~mOwbmM S>m|Ja.
78 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

{h_mb`mVbm a_Ur` {ZgJ. emV {R>H$mU. Xoh^mZ {dgam`bm

bmdUmao. AgoM EH$m nhmQ>o am_H$U _hmamO d `mMo ghH$mar gmYH$
lr. Xmoer, XmoKoOU `mZmV _ hmoVo. `mZmMo _VrV H|$hm gH$miMo
9 dmObo, Vo H$iboM Zmhr. ~R>H$ WmoS>r gb Ho$br. CR>`mMo V`marV
hmoVo. V|hm XmoZ AZmoiIr gmYy, `mMr MmH$er H$arV Odi Ambo.
H$mbrH$_brdmbm Y_emioVrb EH$ gmYH$ `mZm KoD$Z Ambm hmoVm.
_hm_m _h|nyatMo _hmamOmZm ~mobmdUo

gmYy hUmbo, h_mao Jw$ n. ny. _h|nwar _hmamO H$^r H$^r

AmH$me _mJ go ^_U H$aVo h& AmO gw~h Mma ~Oo, `hmgo ^_U
H$aVo g_`, ChmoZo Amn XmoZmoH$mo `mZ H$aVo g_` XoIm& `hmgo 5
{H$. _r. Xyarna, nhmS>_o EH$ ~S>r Jw\$m h& dhr, h_mao JwOrH$m
{ZdmgWmZ h& JwOrH$mo Amngo ~S>r gVm hB& ChmoZo AmnH$mo
XeZHo$ {b`o ~wbm`m h& h_ AmO amVH$mo 10 ~Oo `hm Am`|Jo& Amn
V`ma ahmo& h_ AmnH$mo JwOrHo$ nmg bo Om`|Jo& _hmamOmZm Oam
^rVr dmQ>br. AmoiI ZgVmZm H$moR>o EH$Q>o OmUo `mo` ZhVo. {h_mb`mV
byQ>mbwQ>rMo H$ma KS>V. `mZr Y_emioVrb Oo> gmYyH$S>o MmH$er
Ho$br. `mZr gm{JVbo, n. ny. _h|nwar gmYy ho \$ma C H$moQ>rVrb
_hm_m AmhoV. Am_kmZr AgyZ `mZm gd {gr AdJV AmhoV. Vo
~`mM doim nhmQ>o, AmH$me_mJmZo {h_mb`mV Jw nmZo {\$aVmV.
`m gmYH$mda `mMr H$nm hmoVo, `mZm Vo ~mobmdyZ KoVmV. _mJXeZ
H$aVmV. AmnHo$ Vmo ^m` hr Iwb J`o& Amn Oa CZHo$ XeZ H$amo&
CZH$s H$nmgo AmnH$s gmYZm_o Hw$N> ~mYm hmo Vmo, Z> hmo Om`oJr&
{h_mb`_o Omo H$moB CZHo$ XeZ nmVm h& ^m`dmZ g_Pm OmVm
h& _hmamOmMr ^rVr d gXho Zm{hgm Pmbm. Vo d `mMo ghH$mar gmYy,
XmoKho r V`ma hmoD$Z, {Zamon AmUUm`m gmYyM
r amr dmQ> nmh bmJbo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 79

_hm_m _h|nwatMo S>m|JamVrb JwhoV XeZ d

dJu` ^moOZ

gmYmaU amr 10 Mo gw_mamg, gH$mir {Zamon KoD$Z Ambobo

gmYy Y_emioV Ambo. `mMo _mJyZ _hmamO d `mMo ghH$mar Xmoer,
XmoKoOU Mmby bmJbo. KZXmQ> OJb. ^`mZH$ AYma. ZmJ_moS>r MT>CVmamMr nm`dmQ>. EHy$U gJioM H$R>rU. nU AmVm _hmamOmZm `m
_hm`mbm ^oQ>m`Mr AmoT> bmJbr hmoVr. gmYmaU 2 Vo 2&& VmgmZr Vo
gdOU KZXmQ> OJbmVrb EH$ Jwhog_moa nmohmoMbo. gJirH$S>o AYma
ngabobm. Jwho`m AmV`m ~mOwVyZ AYyH$ H$me ~mhoa `oV hmoVm.
`m XmoZ gmYwZr, Jwhog_moarb XJS> ghOM ~mOybm Ho$bm. Va AmV`m
~mOybm bm~M bm~ eV Jwhm. OUy XJS>r ~mYH$m_mVbo EImXo
KaM. Jwho`m XadmOmV EH$m ~mOwbm, EH$ ^bm _moR>m dmK emV
{MmmZo ~gbm hmoVm. _hmamO Km~abo. qH${MV _mJo gaH$bo.
nU gmYy hUmbo, dh Hw$N> Zhr H$aoJm& h_mam gmWr h& d`
mUr`mogo h_mar ajm H$aVm h& Mbmo h_mao gmW& _hmamO d
lr. Xmoer gmYy`m _mJyZ Oam AmV Jobo. Va g_moaM, ^`
eara`>rMo, gmYmaU 6 \y$Q> CMrMo nU ApWnOa Xoh Agbob,o
EH$ _hm_m nX_mgZmV `mZW ~gbobo. `m`m XohmVyZ EH$
H$maMm {ndiga, A{Ve` AmhmXXm`H$, _X Agm H$me
~mhoa nS>V hmoVm. VmoM Jwho`m AmV gJirH$S>o ngabm hmoVm.
gmYy hUmbo, `h _hm_mhr h_mao Jw h& ChmoZho r AmnH$mo ~wbm`m
h& XeZ H$amo& _hmamO d `m`m ghH$m`mZr, _hm`mZm gm>mJ
Z_H$ma KmVbm. {Mmdmr IynM \w${V Pm`m hmo`m. EH$ H$ma`m
{X`, dJu` AmZXmMm _hmamO AZw^d KoV hmoVo. _hm`mMo WmoanU
d gm_` jU^amVM OmUdbo. _hm`mZr S>moio CKS>bo. _X hgbo.
80 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

hUmbo, Amdmo ~oQ>o& h_mao ~wbmdono Amn Am`o& ~hV AN>m {H$`m&
Amn ~hV {Xbgo, gmYZ H$aVo hmo& h_ g hdo& B{g{bE h_Zo
AmnH$mo ~wbm`m h& Amn WH$ J`o hmo& ^moOZ H$aHo$ Amam_ H$amo& Amn
`m ImZm MmhVo hmo& `hm g~-Hw$N> {_b Om`oJm& _hmamO _hm`mMo
{dbmo^Zr` XeZmZo AmZ{XV Pmbo hmoVo. `mV ho AmJio doJio dmJV.
Vm|S>mVyZ eXM ~mhoa `oBZm. S>mo`mV \$$, ho AdUZr`, gwXa `
gmR>dyZ KoV hmoVo. {VV`mV EH$m gmYyZo AmV OmdyZ, XmoZ MH$MH$sV
MmXr`m Wm`m AmU`m. `mV doJdoJ`m H$maMr {_R>mB, nwar^mOr, g_mogo Ago AZoH$ nXmW hmoVo. _hm_m hUmbo, noQ>^a Imdmo&
Ama Hw$N> Mm{h`o Vmo ~mobmo& _hmamOmZr Ood`mg gwdmV Ho$br. AmMm
dmX H$mhr doJimM hmoVm. Ago dmXr> OodU, H$Yr MmIboM ZhVo.
OUy dJmV Ag`mgmaIm ^mg hmoV hmoVm. _Z Am{U {Ohm V hmoV
hmoVr. dJmVbo gJio ^moJ, ImUo-{nUo ho gd ^md{ZH$. gd
Xod-XodVm gy_ XohmZo dmdaVmV. `mZm `j ^moJ d H$_
Xmohrhr ZmhrV. Ago EoH$bobo. `oWo Va `j dJu` ^moOZ
EdT>m KZXmQ> OJbmV& hr Z$sM _hm`mMr {gr. _hmamO
d Xmoer XmoKohr ^mamdyZ Jobo. V Pmbo. {dlmVrgmR>r JdV ^abobr
JmXr d nmKam`bm C~Xma H$m~io V`maM hmoVo.
_hm_m _h|nwatMm {ZJwUmMm CnXoe d
`moJd{g>mMo dmMZ

_hmamO Zoh_r_mUo nhmQ>o 4 bmM CR>bo. n. ny. _h|nwat`m

VnM`}Mo db`, gnyU JwhoV OmUdV hmoVo. bJoMM `mZ bmJbo.
Jwho`m ~mhoa`m ~mOybm, WmoS>mM AVamda, dN> nmT>`m ew^
nm`mMm Pam. S>m|Jamd$Z ImbMo ~mOwbm dhmV hmoVm. gH$mir 9 Mo
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 81

gw_mamg, ZmZ AmQ>monyZ XmoKohr _hm`m`m XeZmg V`ma Pmbo.

{VV`mV ~mobmdUo Ambo. XmoKohr AmV Jobo. AmVm n. ny. _h|nwar
_hmamO, gwImgZmV g _woZo ~gbo hmoVo. gm>mJ Z_H$ma KmbyZ
XeZ KoVbo. XmoKmZm ^a^$Z AmerdmX {Xbo. XmoKohr ~mdabo hmoVo.
AJ MmoZ ~gbo. _hm`mZr ~mobm`bm gwdmV Ho$br. `m gmYZ
H$aVo hmo? AmnHo$ Jw H$mZ h? H$hmHo$ ahZodmbo hmo? am_H$UmZr
WmoS>`mV, Amn`m ~b, n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm~b d H$[aV
Agbo`m gmYZo ~b gm{JVbo. AmkmMH$mVyZ `oUm`m H$memMo
AZw^dm~b d gJwU XodVmMo XeZm~b gm{JVbo. n. ny. _h|nwar
OmoaOmoamZo hgbo. hUmbo, `h g~ PyQ> h& PyQ>Ho$ {nN>o bJH$a, AmnH$mo
`m {_bZodmbm h? {ZJwU na_m_mHo$ ~mao_o Hw$N> OmZVo hmo? `moJdm{g>
H$^r nT>m h? ^w am_M Ama CZHo$ Jw d{g>_wZr, BZH$m, ~Ho$
~mao_| dmVmbmn ~hV gwXa h& am_H$U JS>~Sy>Z Jobo. BVHo$ gd gm`
Ho$bo. AmVm gJwU g~ PyQ> h. Ago _hm_m H$m` hUmVmV? Jm|YiyZ
Jobo. hUmbo, _hm_mOr A^rVH$ _Zo `moJ dm{g> nT>m Zht& j_m
MmhVm h& _h|nwatZr bJoMM Amn`mOdirb `moJ-d{g> JW
H$mT>bm. MQ>H$Z gJ 192-193 Mr nmZo CKS>br. hUmbo, nT>mo
`hmgo& _hmamOmZr dmMm`bm gwdmV Ho$br.
lr. am_MOr ~mobo-_wZo& `hm g~ Hw$N> emV, Amb~Za{hV,
{dkmZdn, AZV, amJey`, H$nZma{hV Ed {dew A{Vr`
g{XmZXKZ na~ hr h& CgHo$ A{V[a$ Z `h ` h, Z >m h,
Z g>r h, Z OJV h Z OmJV& dZ Ed gwfwr AmXr hr h& `h Omo
Hw$N> {XIVm h, dh g~ AgV hr h& gM Vmo {ZaJwU-{ZamH$ma na_m_m
hr ~ngo Wm`r h& `h Omo ^mVrnVmH$m kmZ h, dh ^r ~nhr
h& ~go {^ Zhr h& `h AmdaUa{hV {Z` {dkmZmZXKZ ~ hr
g~ Ama `m h& {ZaVre` AmZXgo n[anyU na~_o `h nyU na~
hr {damO ahm h& O_a{hV, A_a, Bp`momam JhU H$aZoHo$ A`mo`,
82 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

lo> nwfmomam go{dV, {Z{dH$ma VWm g~ Amago {ZXm}f na_nXn

na_m_m hr g~ Ama n[anyU h& Am{X, _` Ama AVgo a{hV {Og
na_nXH$mo XodVm VWm F$fr^r Zhr OmZVo, dhr gd H$me_mZ h&
{dm-A{dm, gwI-Xw:I g~ Hw$N> {Z_b ~ hr h&
lram_MOr H$hVo h-_wZo& {OgH$mo `h ~moY m hmo J`m h, dh
`mZW _hm_m Ho$db AnZo {MVd^md_| pWV ahVm h& dh Z Hw$N>
JhU H$aVm h Z Hw$N> `mJ H$aVm h& g_mYr `m `mZgo CR>Zona ^r
dh gXm Ogo-H$m-Vgm AnZo dn_| pWV ahVm h& Cg `moJrH$mo
g_m{Ygo CR>Zona {dn Zm_H$ Ama g_mYr H$mb_o ~ Zm_H$
{M_mdn na_mW g`H$m hr gd XeZ hmoVm h& ^JdZ& g`H$
kmZ hmoZno a Xohgo g~Y aIZodmbo ^moJnXmWm} Ama CZHo$ mrHo$ Cnm`mogo
kmZrH$mo gdWm {da$s ahVr h& dam`go ~moYH$s Ama ~moYgo
dam`H$s dr hmoVr h& {Og nwf_o dam` Zhr h, CgH$s {dmm
^r _yIVm hr h& ~moY Ama dam`H$s CH$> gnmr hr _moj
H$hbmVr h& `hr ~moYgn dam`erb nwf gXm AnZo Am_m
_| hr a_m ahVm h& Cg kmZr nwfH$s pWVr AmH$meHo$ g_mZ
gH$na{hV Ed {Z_b hmo OmVr h& Cg nwfHo$ ^rVa dmgZmey`
^md H$Q> hmoV OmVm h Ama Cgo `h gwT> ~moY m hmo OmVm h
{H$ gmam ` ~ hr h, CgHo$ {gdm Hw$N> Zhr&
{ZJwU-{ZamH$ma na_m_ dnmMr
AmoiI d mrMr gmYZm

am_H$U _hmamO dmMV Jobo. C H$moQ>rMo _hm_m g_moa

hmoVo. `m`m H$no`m db`mZo, VZ-_Z gdH$mhr `mnyZ Jobo
hmoVo. ^mdmW eX \$moSy>Z ~mhoa {ZKV hmoVm. _ZmV R>gV hmoVm.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 83

^y am_MmMo ~mobHo$ eX. g_moa ~gbo`m _hm`mMr H$nm.

n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo AmerdmX. eX H$mZmV {eaVmM,
`mMo ~moYm_V V`ma hmoV hmoVo. _hmamO `mMo meZ H$Z V
hmoV hmoV.o n. ny. _h|nwatZr _hmamOmMr VmdWm ^J Ho$br. hUmbo,
A^r ~g H$amo& g_` {_bZona `moJdm{g> JWH$m `mZnydH$ A`mg
H$amo& {ZaJwU Am_m-na_m_mH$m nyam kmZ AmnH$mo hmo Om`oJm& nwT>o
CmaH$merbm AgVmZm _hmamOmZr `moJd{g> JWmMm gImob A`mg
Ho$bm. n. ny. _h|nyatZr XmoKmZm {ZJwU
gmYZo~b ~moY Ho$bm. Amnbm
A V am_mM Iam Xo d Amho . Vmo Am_mM {ZJw U {ZamH$ma
na_m`mMm Ae Amho. VgoM Vmo ~dn na_m_m gd
MamMambm `mnyZ Amho. gd Xod-XodVm, F$fr-_wZr, _Zw`
`moZr, amjg `moZr d gd 84 bj `moZrVrb "MoVZm' hUOoM
"Am_m.' hm `m ~dn na_m`mMmM Ae Amho. hUyZ
`m ~dn na_m`mbmM OmUbo nm{hOo. gd OJ, ` hr
_ZmMr CnmYr Amho. ZwgVmM On H$Z H$m` Cn`moJ? Zwg`mM
gJwUmbm YZ Am_kmZnr _moj {_iUma Zmhr. `mZ H$am.
_Z C_Z H$am. AmB Hw$S>{bZrbm AmkmMH$mVyZ ~mhoa H$mTy>Z
~haYmH$S>o `m. AmkmMH$mVrb XodVmMo XeZmZo gmYH$
AmZ{XV hmoD$Z `mVM a_Vmo. VoM Iao dmQy> bmJVo. `mV Oa
{gr m Pm`m? Va gJioM gnbo. gmYH$mMr gmYZmM
gnw>mV `oVo. {gt`m H$am_Vrer gmYH$ IoiV ~gVmo. bmoH$
dV:`m dmWmgmR>r `mbm _hmamO ~ZdVmV. gdM gnVo.
_J H$gbr {ZJwUmMr gmYZm d H$gbo Am_kmZ? n. ny.
_h|nyatZr _hmamOmZm {ZJwUmMo mrgmR>r ~aYmMr gmYZm H$a`mg
gm{JVbo. `mgmR>r IoMar _woMm hQ>`moJmV Cn`moJ H$aVmV. nU IoMar
_wdo a AmYm[aV, Cn`w$ Aer mgmMr {H$`m gm{JVbr. nX_mgZmV,
AYnX_mgZmV AWdm gwImgZmV ~gyZ AYm OmbYa ~Y bmdyZ,
84 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

nS>{O^o`m Q>moH$mnmgyZ mg KoD$Z, da ZoV ~aYmV pWa H$amdm.

W_ Zm__aU H$arV d ZVa eXa{hV. nmR>rMm H$Um VmR> R>odmdm.
WmoS>o m`{jH$ nU H$$Z KoVbo.
Xwg`m {Xder lrIS>-nwar, ^mV, eod`mMr Am_Q>r Ago OodU
{Xbo. _hmamOmZm gd dZdVM dmQ>V hmoVo. EdT>o KZXmQ> OJb! Zm
d`nmH$mMo gm_mZ Zm Q>mod. H$moRy>Z ho gd `oV hmoVo? _hmamOmZm
{dMmam`Mr {h_V Pmbr Zmhr. XmoZ {Xdg `m dZZJarV am{hbo.
^anya gmYZ Ho$bo. gmYZoMm _Zgmo$ AmZX KoVbm. n. ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmZr Amn`m {e`mbm Wmoa _hm`mMo XeZ, ghdmg
d ~moY KS>dyZ AmUbm. `mbm gmYZoMo AOyZ daMo nm`arda Z
H$iV ZoD$Z R>odbo. ho gd dmMVmZm dmMH$m`m Z H$iV _ZmV
`oBb
H$s, Aem CH$moQ>r`m _hm`mMo XeZ, Amn`mbm m O_mV
EH$Xm Var Pmbo nm{hOo.
XmoZ {XdgmZVa n. ny. _h|nyatZr XmoKmZm ^a^Z AmerdmX
{Xbo. g`mH$mir Amnbo XmoKm {e`mZm ~amo~a XoD$Z, JwH$merbm
H$mbrH$_brdmbm Y_emioV ZoD$Z gmoS>b.o a`mZo OmVmZm _hmamOmZr
`m gmYyZm {dMmabo {H$, _h|nyar _hm_mH$s C_a `m hmoJr? dgo
H$hZm Vmo _wH$sb h& {h_mb`_o ~hV gmao gmYy bmoH$ Cho H$B gmbgo
OmZVo ho& EH$ ~wT>o gmYyZ,o CZH$s C_ 300 gmbVH$ ~VmB Wr& AmOhr
am_H$U _hmamOmZm n. ny. _h|nyatMr AmR>dU Pmbr {H$,
JhrdZ `oVo. `mMr S>m|JamVrb Jwhm, Abm{H$H$ XeZ,
{ZJwUmMr gmYZm, A_VVw` OodU, gdM H$mhr dJu`
AZw^dmMr, AmZXmMr AZw^yVr XoUmao.

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 85

Ho$XmaZmWbm `mU

AmVm JwH$merbm amhZ 2 _{h`mMo da H$mi bmoQ>bm hmoVm.

_mM 1980 gnbm hmoVm. JwH$merMo dmV` _hmamOmZm Iyn H$mhr
XoD$Z Jobo. EH$m gH$mirM gdmMm {Zamon KoD$Z, am_H$U _hmamO
Ho$XmaZmW`m dmgmbm nm`rM {ZKmbo. VmoM gmYydfo . VrM {^jmXho r.
dam` IynM dmT>bo hmoV.o {ZJwUmMr gmYZm gw$ Pmbr hmoVr. ZmJ_moS>r,
MT>-CVmamMo a`mZo MmbVmZm, AmOy~mOyMm {ZgJ, IynM gwX a {XgV
hmoVm. S>m|Jam`m Hw$erVbr bhmZ bhmZ Jmdo, doJdoJ`m AmH$mamMr
gwXa aJdbobr Kao. _Yo _Yo {XgUmao _{XamMo H$ig. {hadrJma eoVr.
{ndir OX _moharMr \w$bo. bhmZ _moR>o, S>m|Jam`m H$S>mdZ ImbMo
~mOyg dhmUmao Pao. _YoM hmoUmao AbH$ZXm ZXrMo XeZ. gmao H$mhr
AVr_. bm~da {XgUm`m S>m|JamVrb Hw$erV Agbo`m, JmdmV
OmUm`m AdKS> dmQ>m. VoWn`V bmoH$ H$go nmoMV AgVrb? Agm
{dMma _ZmV `oD$Z OmB. S>m|Jam`m CMM CM Agbo`m H$S>m d Iyn
Imobda`m X`m ~{KV`mda _m CamV YS>H$s ^ao. Hw$R>o nm` Kgabm,
Va oVnU {_iUma Zmhr. {ZgJmnwT>o _mZd {H$Vr jwH$ Amho?
{ZgJ {Z_mU H$aUm`m na_odam`m, AJmY e$s~b H$mVHw $
dmQ>bo.
Xa_Ob H$arV, _hmamO XmoZ {XdgmZr gmoZ`mJbm nmohmoMbo.
amr _w$m_ Ho$bm. gH$mirM CRy>Z Ho$XmaZmWbm {ZKmbo. dmQ>oV
{`moJrZmam`Ubm Wm~bo. XwnmaMr doi hmoVr. VoWo eH$amMo N>mZ _{Xa
Amho. _{XamMo ~mhoa ArHw$S> Amho. `mV gVV Ar VodV AgVmo.
hUyZ Jmdmbm {`moJrZmam`U Ago Zmd Amho. YwZrg_moa ~gyZ WmoS>mdoi
`mZ Ho$bo. OdiM _hm_m JmYtMm Aml_ Amho. VoWo Jobo. am_YyZ
86 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

JmarHw$S>bm _w$m_

Mmby hmoVr. H$mMo`m H$nmQ>mV _hm_m JmYtMo H$nS>o d MaIm R>odbobm

Amho. Aml_m`m `dWmnH$mZr _hmamOmZm Wm~dyZ KoVbo. MmH$er
Ho$br. OodU {Xbo. VoWo WmoS>r {dlmVr KoD$Z _hmamO nwT>o {ZKmbo.
g`mH$mir JmarHw$S>bm nmohmoMbo.

JmarHw$S> n`V ~gog `oVmV. nwT>o 14 {H$. _r. da S>m|Ja MTy>Z

Ho$XmaZmWbm nm`r AWdm KmoS>mZo Omdo bmJVo. JmarHw$S>bm _moR>o Ja_
nm`mMo Hw$ S> Amho. {ZgJmMm M_H$ma. `moH$ amr JmarHw$ S>bm _w$m_
H$Z nhmQ>o Ja_ nm`mZo AKmoir H$aVmV. _J Ho$XmaZmW`m H$R>rU
dmgmbm {ZKVmV. VoWo `moH$$Mm _moR>m Jn Ambm hmoVm. _moH$`m
OmJoda VmnwaVo dmgr V~y C^mabo hmoVo. _hmamO amr`m _w$m_mMr
gmo` ~KV hmoV.o Vo dmgr JwOamWr dmQ>V hmoV.o EH$mZo {dMmabo, _hmamO
H$hmgo Am`o hmo? ~~Bgo hQ>`mda `mZr AmV ~mobmdbo. MmH$er
Ho$br. Mhm-ZmVm {Xbm. Pmonm`Mr `dWm Ho$br. n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamO nmR>rer hmoVoM. `mMr Aer _YyZ _YyZ {MVr `oV hmoVr.
gJio dmgr nhmQ>o bdH$aM CR>bo. _hmamO Va AmYrM CRy>Z `mZ
H$arV hmoVo. dm`mMm Jb~bm EoHy$Z `mZmVyZ CR>bo. BV`m nhmQ>o
CRy>Z `mZ H$aUmam gmYy IamM Agbm nm{hOo. Aer JwOamWr
dm`mMr YmaUm Pmbr. gJ`mZr AmXamZo _hmamOm`m nm`mda
S>mHo $o R>do bo. `mZr _hmamOmZm Mhm {Xbm. gdmMo Am^ma _mZyZ _hmamO
V~wVyZ ~mhoa nS>bo. Ja_ nm`m`m Hw$S>mV AKmoi Ho$br. _J
Ho$XmaZmW`m AdKS> dmgmbm {ZKmbo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 87

JmarHw$S>hZ {ZKyZ J$S>M>rbm _wH$m_

Ho$XmaZmWMo a`mMo gwadmVrbmM KmoS>odm`mMr JXu hmoVr. Vo

dmgr hS>H$V hmoVo. gmYy`m dmQ>obm OmV ZgV. gmYwH$Sy>Z ngo
{_i`mMr e`Vm ZgVo. WS>r MmJbrM hmoVr. 1980 E{bMr
gwadmV. AmOy~mOybm ~\$ {XgV hmoVm. gnyU MT>mdmMm H$R>rU aVm.
X_ bmJV hmoVm. g_w gnmQ>rnmgyZ Xhm hOma \y$Q>mMo da Ambo hmoVo.
dmVmdaUmV mUdm`wMr H$_VaVm. `m_wio WmoS>o Mmbbo Var X_ bmJVmo.
am_dmS>m H$arV J$S>M>rbm Ambo. a`mMo ~mOybmM WmoS>m AVamda
gmYwMm Aml_ hmoVm. _hmamO VoWo Jobo. UdmZX dm_rOr VoWrb
_w` hmoV.o gdOU `mZm ~m~mOr hUV. _hmamO BVa nmoQ>mWu gmYwn j
o m
doJio {XgV. Moh`mda bmMmar ZhVr. hg`m Moh`mdaMo emV
^md, g_moa`m _mUgmbm AmH${fV H$arV. ~m~mOtZr _hmamOmZm Odi
~gdbo. MmH$er Ho$br. XwnmaMrM doi hmoVr. gmYo nU Ja_ Ja_ OodU
{Xbo. {h_mb`mV WS>r_wio Ja_ Mhm, Ja_ nmUr, Ja_ OodU `mMo
_hd \$ma. ~m~mOtZr AmR> {Xdg Aml_mV ahm`mMm AmJh Ho$bm.
_hmamOmZm gmYZogmR>r OmJm MmJbr dmQ>br. _hmamOmZr hmoH$ma {Xbm.
VoWyZ Ho$XmaZmW 2 {H$._r. AVamda Amho. Aml_ N>moQ>mgm hmoVm.
~mOwbmM S>m|Ja. `mV H$mhr N>moQ> N>moQ>m Jwhm. gmYy bmoH$ EH$mVmV
VoWo gmYZm H$arV. UdmZX dm_tMr MmJbrM AmoiI Pmbr. _hmamO
nhmQ>o 3&& bmM CR>V. JwhoV OmD$Z `mZ H$arV. Imbr ~gm`bm
^mVmMr n|S> nmo`mV KmbyZ OmS>ga AmgZ ~Zdbobo. XmoZ Vmg `mZ
H$$Z nhmQ>o 6 dmOVm Ho$XmaZmWbm nm`r MmbV OmV. _hmXodmMo _{XamV
OmD$Z XeZ KoV. naV nm`r MmbV JS>M>rbm `oV. _J {Xdg^a
gmYZm. OodUmMr `dWm hmoVrM. Ago AmR> {Xdg Ho$bo.
88 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Ho$XmaZmWbm O_Z bmoH$mer

`mZm~b MMm

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_rH$mOwZ. H$mZS>rVwZ AmngmV ~mobV. ~\$ nS>VM hmoVo. `m_wio
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H$arV. _hmamOmZr `mZm H$mZS>rV {dMmabo, _r Vwhmbm _XV H$$
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`mZm ~\$ \$moS>`mg _XV Ho$br. _{XamV hUUmao ~mU {Vdmar
hUyZ hmoVo. `mMr nU AmoiI Pmbr. AmR> {XdgmZVa _hmamO
Ho$XmaZmWbmM ahm`mg Ambo. nwOm`m`m AmoiIr_wio VoWrb
H$mbrH$_brdm`m Y_emioV ahm`mMr MmJbr gmo` Pmbr. Xwnma`m
doiog {^jmXohr H$arV. nmoQ>mMr `dWm H$am`bmM nm{hOo. JmdmV
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amoO nhmQ>onmgyZ amr n`V IS>Va gmYZm Mmby hmoVr. 45 {XdgmZVa
Ho$XmaZmW _{Xam`m ~mhoaMo ~mOyg H$mhr O_Z bmoH$ ^oQ>bo.
g`mH$miMo doiog _hmamO _{XamV EH$m ~mOyg `mZmg ~gV.
nmgZ Ago. `mZmbm ~g`mZVa WmoS>mM doimV AmnmoAmn
OmbYa~Y bmJyZ eara VmR> hmoB. nmR>rMm H$Um EH$X_ gai.
Aem `mZW AdWoV XrS> Vo XmoZ Vmg ghO OmV.
O_Z \$_rbrV VrZ nwf d XmoZ ~m`H$m. gmYmaU nmer`m
nwT>Mo. XmoZ {Xdg _hmamOmZm, Vo `mZ_J AdWoV ~KV hmoVo. `mZm
Iyn Hw$Vyhb dmQ>bo. `mZr `mZm~b dmMbo hmoVo. nU `j `mZ
AmmmM ~{KVbo. _hmamO _{XamVyZ ~mhoa Am`mda Vo BJOrV ~mobbo.
`mZm _hmamOmH$Sy>Z `mZm~b _m{hVr hdr hmoVr. `mZm dmQ>bo, m
gmYybm BJOr H$iUma Zmhr. AmnUmg g^mfUmgmR>r H$moUr Xw^m`m
~Kmdm bmJob. nU _hmamOmZr BJOrV Cma {Xbobo nmhZ M{H$V
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 89

_w~B`m q~~irH$amMr ^oQ>

Pmbo. ~amM doi `moJm~b, `mZm~b MMm Pmbr. Vr BJOrVyZ.

O_Z bmoH$ Iye Pmbo. ZdrZ Cn`wV _m{hVr {_imbr. _hmamO ZH$mo
hUV AgVmZm gwm, `mZr 200 n`o _hmamOm`m hmVmV R>odbo.
^maVr` nVr_mUo dmHy$Z Z_H$ma Ho$bm. _hmamOmZr VoM ngo
H$mbrH$_brdmbm Y_emioV {Xbo. EH$ doi OodUmMr gmo` Pmbr.
_hmamO Odi Odi XrS> _{hZm Ho$XmaZmWbm dmV`mg hmoVo.

am_H$U _hmamO EH$ {Xdg XwnmaMo doiog H$mbrH$_brdmbm

Y_emioV Amam_ H$arV ~gbo hmoV.o VodT>mV Ahmo Hw$bH$Uu _hmamO,
Xma CKS>m. Aer hmH$ EoHy$ Ambr. XadmOm nU IQ>IQ>bm. ~aoM
{XdgmZVa "Hw$bH$Uu _hmamO' Aer hmH$ H$mZmda nS>br. _hmamO
bJ~JrZo CR>bo. ZH$sM H$moUrVar _w~BMo AgUma. Xma CKS>bo Va
g_moa, _hmamOmMo {_ lr. q~~irH$a C^o. S>m|{~dbr Am\$sgmVbo
{gZr`a S>mQ>g_Z. nU q~~irH$a Oam {dMmamV {Xgbo. _hmamOmMr
dmT>bobr XmT>r, gmYwdof nmhZ AmoiIboM Zmhr. _hmamO hUmbo,
Ahmo q~~irH$a AmoiIbo Zmhr H$m? _rM am_H$U Hw$bH$Uu. AmVm
_m q~~irH$a AmV Ambo. MQ>H$Z _hmamOm`m nm`mda S>moHo$ R>odbo.
_hmamOmZr `mMo hmV Y$Z da Ho$bo d `mZm AmqbJZ {Xbo. Ahmo
q~~irH$a, AmnU {_. nm`m H$gbo nS>Vm? q~~irH$a IOrb
Pmbo. hUmbo, Amhr gm_m` _mUgo. Vwhr _bm {_ hQ>bo
mVM gdH$mhr Ambo. XmoKm`m _Z_moH$`m Jnm Pm`m.
_hmamO _w~BhZ {ZKm`mnmgyZ AmVmn`VMr gd hH$sH$V
EoH$br. `mMo S>moio nmUmdbo. hUmbo, Ho$dT>m hm `mJ! Ho$dT>r
XodmdaMr {Z>m! EdT>r H$R>rU VnM`m VwhrM H$$ eH$Vm.
90 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Ho$XmaZmWbm _hmXodmMo XeZ

Amhr \$V da da XodmMr nyOm H$aVmo. Vr ggma gwImMm hmdm

hUyZ.
_hmamO JmbmV`m JmbmV hgbo. Vwhr _mPr AmR>dU R>odyZ,
nmm H$mT>rV `oWn`V AmbmV. _bm Iyn AmZX Pmbm. Am\$sgmVrb
gd bmoH$mMr _hmamOmZr MmH$er Ho$br. q~~irH$a `mm H$nZr~amo~a
Ambo hmoVo. g`mH$mir Mhm nmUr H$$Z naV Jobo. EH$Xm ^oQ>bo`m
_mUgmbm am_H$U _hmamO ghgm {dgaV ZmhrV. Vo OJZ{_
AmhoV. ggmamV AgVmZm nU `mZm H$moUr ey ZhVo. AmVmVa
gd mUr_mmVrb Am_mam_ EH$M. na~ na_m`mMrM gd
$no. ^oX ZmhrM. Aer ^y{_H$m V`ma hmoV hmoVr. H$m`? PmbrM
hmoVr.

Ho$XmaZmWbm `mZ gmYZm N>mZ Mmbbr hmoVr. g`mH$miMo ZVa

_{XamV Odi Odi H$moUrM Zgo. ~hVoH$ gd `moH$$ JmarHw$S>md$Z
gH$mirM {ZKV. 1112 dmOon`V Ho$XmaZmWbm `oV. XeZ KoD$Z
Xwnmar 23 bm naV {ZKV. _wH$m_ H$aUmao `moH$$ g`mH$miMo
AmV _wH$m_mMo {R>H$mUr nmohmoMV. Ho$XmaZmWMo _{XamV, _hmXodmMo
gm{`mV, g`mH$mir EH$mVmV `mZ N>mZ O_o. EH$ {Xdg
g`mH$miZVa Ceramn`V _hmamO `mZmg ~gbo hmoVo.
`mZmVM EH$X_ gJirH$S>o {ndiga H$me {Xgy bmJbm.
H$memV nmgZmV ~gbobr ^JdmZ eH$amMr _yVu g_moa
{Xgbr. `mKm~amda ~gbo hmoVo. OQ>m da S>mo`mda ~mYbo`m
hmo`m. EH$m hmVmV {eyi C^m Yabm hmoVm. `mMo ImbMo Q>moH$
O{_Zrbm Q>Ho $bo hmoV.o Xwg`m hmVmV S>_$. J`mV m`m`m
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 91

_mim, H$nmimbm Xmohr hmVmMo XS>mda ^_mMo n>.o Oamgr H$R>mao

_w m. nU hg`m S> m o `m Z r _hmamOm H $S> o ~KV hmo V o .
AmkmMH$m`m {R>H$mUr, Xmohr ^wd`m`m _Ymo_Y, H$nmimda
M_H$Xma ~marH$gm bmb~wX {R>nH$m. VVr` ZomMm ^mg hmoV
hmoVm. am_H$U _hmamO `m AH$p_V XeZmZo {d_{`V Pmbo.
S>moio ^$Z Vo $n X`mV gmR>{dbo. Odi Odi Mma Vo nmM
{_ZrQ>o, Vo _hmXodmMo {dbmo^Zr` $n S>mo`mg_moa hmoVo. ZVa
_hmamOmZm AmerdmX XoD$Z AVYmZ nmdbo. ZVahr ~amM doi
_hmamO `mM VrV hmoVo. amr 9 dmOyZ Jobo. nwOmar XoD$i ~X
H$a`mg Ambm. `mZo _hmamOmZm AmdmO {Xbm. _J CR>bo. am_H$U
_hmamOmMr Ho$XmaZmWMr `mm g\$b Pmbr hmoVr. OUy _hmXodmZoM
`mZm {Zamon {Xbm. Xwg`m {Xder gdmMm {Zamon KoD$Z, Ho$XmaZmWhZ
naV {ZKmbo. 1980 Mm OyZ _{hZm gw$ Pmbm hmoVm.
Ho$XmaZmWhZ {ZKyZ Cadr_R>bm _wH$m_

nm`rM Xa_Ob H$arV am_dmS>m, JmarHw$S>, gmoZ`mJ, am_nya

H$arV JwH$merbm Ambo. XmoZ {Xdg {dlmVr KoVbr. JwH$mernmgyZ
Cadr_R> Amho, 5 {H$._r. AVamda. VoWo ghm {Xdg am{hbo. Cadr_R>mV
{XdmirMo nmS>`mZVa Ho$XmaZmWMr nmbIr `oVo. Vr Aj`VVr`on`V
VoWoM AgVo. Ho$XmaZmWbm Am{U AmOy~mOyMo n[agamV ~\$mMo Wa
gmR>VmV. Ho$XmaZmWMo _{Xa nyU ~\$mV ~wSy>Z OmVo. aVo ~X hmoVmV.
Cadr_R>bmM _hmXodmMr nyOm-AMm hmoVo. VoWrb H$S> nwOm`mZr
_hmamOmZm WS>rMo H$nS>o {Xbo. Ho$XmaZmWbm `mZmV {Xgbob,o _hmXodmMo
$n H$mhr _hmamOm`m S>mo`mg_mo$Z OmV ZhVo. `mM VrV ghm
92 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

{Xdg gmYZm Iyn _V Pmbr. AmVm nMHo$XmaMo XeZ H$amd`mMo

hmoVo. `mMr _m{hVr H$S> nwOm`mH$Sy>Z {_idbr.
nMHo$XmagmR>r `mU dmQ>oV H$mbr_R>bm
H$mberbm XodrMo `mZmV XeZ

nMHo$Xma hUOo Ho$XmaZmW, _X_hoda, $ZmW, VwwJZmW d

H$noda. Cadr_R>hZ _hmamO naV JwH$merbm Ambo. VoWZy 6 {H$._r.
AVamda H$mbr_R> Jmd. Xwnmar 11&& Mo gw_mamg H$mbr_R>bm nmohmoMbo.
a`mdaM nmoQ> Am\$sg Amho. VoWo ghOM BJOr nona ~{KVbm.
MaUqgJ gaH$ma OmD$Z B{Xam JmYtMo gaH$ma H|$mV `oUma hmoVo. nU
AmVm Am`m_ gmoSy>Z H$emVM ag ZhVm. nmoQ>_mVamZr
_hmamOmZm ~{KVbo. XwnmaMr doi hmoVr. _hmamOmZm Oodm`bm ~mobmdbo.
nmoQ>_mVam~amo~a Jnm Pm`m. `mZr gm{JVbo H$s, ~mOy`m S>mJ| amda
2 {H$._r. AVamda H$mberbm XodrMo OmJV WmZ Amho. gmYwbmoH$
XodrMo XeZ KoD$Z, {VMo AmerdmX KoVmV. _JM nMHo$Xma`m IS>Va
`mogmR>r {ZKVmV.
_hmamO S>m|JamMo {XeoZo, nm`dmQ>oZo {ZKmbo. Iyn H$R>rU MT>.
D$Z Vmnbobo, X`mV Zm__aU Mmbbobo. nm`mMr ~mQ>br Odi
Agm`MrM. Xwnmar VrZbm _{XamV nmohmoMbo. ~mOybmM Y_emim hmoVr.
H$mbr_mVoMo {eim$nr WmZ. ~mOy`m ^` g^mJhmV _moR>m `k Mmby
hmoVm. ~aoMgo nyOmar, gmYy g`mgr `kmgmR>r ~gbobo. _hmamOmMm
gmYy doe, `mZm Odi ~mobmdbo. "Amo_ Z_mo dm_rOr' hUyZ
{dMmanyg Pmbr. `kmnmer ~gm`bm OmJm {Xbr. gmYmaU Vmg^amZo
`k gn`mZVa gmYy~amo~a OodU Pmbo. ahm`mgmR>r Y_emioV OmJm
{_imbr. g`mH$mir AmOw~mOybm \o$a\$Q>H$m _mabm. n[aga IynM
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 93

gwXa hmoVm. _{XamMo ~mOybmM nm`mMo EH$ Hw$S> hmoVo. `kHw$S>mV A{J
VodV hmoVm. `kHw$S>m^modVr nmirnmirZo AIS> Zm__aU, OmJaU
Mmby hmoVo. amr 12 Vo 3 _hmamO BVa XmoZ gmYw~amo~a, YyZr`m
~mOyg Zm__aUmg ~gbo. WS>r MmJbrM hmoVr. nU YwZr`m CUVoZo
OmUdV ZhVr. ^`mZH$ emVVm. ~mOybm {MQ>nmI$nU ZhVo. AmVm
_hmamO Aem dmVmdaUmbm gamdbo hmoVo. nydu _ZmV WmoS>r ^r{V
Agm`Mr. nU AmVm CJ gmYZo`m ~imZo, {^VrMm bdboehr Cabm
ZhVm.
nhmQ>o 3 ZVa _hmamO Pmonbo Zmhr. Zoh_r`m gd`rZo `mZmg
~gbo. bdH$aM `mZ bmJbo. W_ n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo XeZ
Pmbo. WmoS>m doimZo EH$m ~mBMr AmH$Vr `kHw$ S>mMo {XeoZo `oVmZm
{Xgbr. Odi Ambr. ZrQ> ~{KVbo, Va Vr H$m{b_mVmM hmoVr.
H$m`m aJmMo JwT>`mn`V nmVi. ^` H$nmi. CJ H$mim aJ.
H$mio^moa bm~ bMH$ Ho$g, nmR>rda _moH$io Q>mH$bobo. ^mJ
Hw$H$dmZo ^abobm. bmb^S>H$ CJ S>moio. `mVyZ OUy AmJrMo
bmoi ~mhoa nS>V AmhoV. J`mV _wS >`mMo H$dQ>rMr _mi. AJXr
~|~rMo Imbn`V. Or^ ~mhoa H$mT>bobr. Xmohr hmVmV amjgmMo
_wS>Ho$. hmVmZr Xm~`m_wio `mVyZ aV JiV hmoVo. _hmamOmZr
_Zmo_Z Vo H$mbr_mVoMo $n X`mV gmR>{dbo. Z_H$ma Ho$bm.
gdgmYmaU gmYH$ Va ^`mZo AY_obmM Pmbm AgVm.
H$mbr_mVm MmbV, hiwhiy `kHw$ S>mH$S>o Ambr. bJoMM AVYmZ
nmdbr. ZVa {XgbrM Zmhr. _hmamO `mZ g_mYrVyZ ~mhoa
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AmR>dbr. `mVbo dUZ VVmoVV OwiV hmoVo. geVrV dUZ
Ho$bobo $nM _hmamOmZm _mVoZo XmIdbo. ZdammV H$mberbm
Xodrbm neyM
o ~ir {Xbo OmVmV. H$m{b_mVoMo `j XeZ hUOo
gXJw$MrM H$nm.
94 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

S>m|Jamda AZwgw`m _mVoMo XeZ

A_VHw$S>Mr ^`mZH$ `mm

Xwgao {Xder gH$mirM _hmamO {ZKmbo. ~mOyMo S>mJ| amda AZgw`m

_mVoMo _{Xa Amho. nm``mnmgyZM _{XamMo XeZ hmoVo. gmYmaU XrS>
{H$._r. AVa. AYu nm` dmQ>. A`m nm``m. S>m|JamMm XJS> H$mnyZ
Ho$bo`m. N>moQ>ogoM _{Xa. XeZ KoVbo. _{Xam`m ~mhoaM PmS>mda N>moQ>o
N>moQ>o nmiUo ~mYbobo {Xgbo. EH$Q>mM nwOmar VoWo ahmV hmoVm. gmYy
Amho ~KyZ, `mZo _hmamOmZm Mma \w$b`m, ~Q>mQ>mMr ^mOr d MQ>Ur
Ago gmXmMo OodU {Xbo. nwOm`mer Oam Jnm Pm`m. `mZo gm{JVbo,
ho OmJV XodWmZ AgyZ _yb Z hmoUm`m ~m`H$m `oWo `oD$Z Xodrbm
Zdg H$aVmV. AZgw`m _mVm g hmoVo. _J _yb Pm`mda `m ~m`H$m
naV XodrMo XeZmbm `oVmV. _mVm Zdgmbm nmd`mMr AmR>dU hUyZ
Agm nmiUm ~mYVmV. _hmamO amr VoWoM am{hbo.
{Z`H $ _ hmo V mM. _hmamOm M o `mZ ~Ky Z nw O mar
AmM`M{H$V Pmbm. hUmbm, _hmamO Amn go gmYy hmo&
{~Zm {Mbr_Ho$hr g_mYr bJmVo hmo& _Zo ~hV gmao gmYy XoIo
h& AmVohr JmOm H$s _mJ H$aVo h& Ama hHo$_o S>mbHo$ _V hmo
OmVo h& {h_mb`H$s R>S>go ~MZo Ho$ {b`o Eogm Hw$N> H$aZm nS>Vm
h& _Ja AmnH$mo R>S>H$s Hw$N> nadmh hr Zhr&

Amn A_VHw$S> O$a Omdmo& amVm ~S>m IVaZmH$ h& WmoS>m ^r

na {\$gb Om`oJm, Vmo ^JdmZ ^r Zhr ~Mm gH$Vm& amVo_o ~hV
Oharbo gmn Kw_Vo h& CZgo ~MH$a, Omo gmYy A_VHw$S> nhMH$a A_V
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 95

meZ H$aoJm& dh A_a hmo OmVm h& Eogm g_Pm OmVm h& _wPo {ddmg
h H$s, Amn O$a dhm nhM
moJo & nwOm`mMo ~mobUo EoH$y Z, _hmamOmZr
A_VHw$S>bm Om`mMm {ZM` Ho$bm. _ZmV {dMma Ho$bm.
na_oda mrgmR>r gXJw$Mo AmkoZo {ZKmbmo AmhmoV. _J
H$miOr H$emMr? hm Zda Xoh am{hbm H$m`? qH$dm Jobm H$m`?
gXJw$Mr BN>m. Zaqghoda _hmamOmZrM nwOm`mMo _m\$V
A_VHw$S>bm Om`Mm AmXoe {Xbm, Ago g_OyZ `mMoH$Sy>Z Om``m
a`mMr _m{hVr H$$Z KoVbr. AZgw`m _{XamV gm_mZ R>odbo d Xwgao
{Xder gH$mirM {ZKmbo.
ghmeo Vo gmVeo \y$Q> CMrMm, gaigmoQ> S>m|Ja H$S>m. da MTy>Z
Om`Mo hmoV.o nmR>rda \$V N>mQo >rer {nedr. {J`mamohU H$aUm`m Q>r_Mr
AmR>dU Pmbr. `mMo Odi gJio gm{h` AgVo. `oWo Va XmoZ hmV
d XmoZ nm`. CM XarVbr nm`dmQ>. Xmohr hmVmZr XJS>mMm, EImm
PmS>mMm AmYma KoV, nm` da R>odm`Mm. hmV qH$dm nm` gaH$bm H$s
H$nmi_mojM. H$moR>o nmoQ>mda gaH$V Omdo bmJo. VmaUmao _maUmao
gdH$mhr gXJw$M hmoVo. XmoZ VmgmZr S>m|Jam`m H$S>mda nmohmoMbo.
nwT>o EH$ {H$._r. OJbmVbr nm`dmQ>. gnmMo dgVrWmZ Agbobo
OJb. nm`dmQ>oda aV {nUm`m Oidm. nm`dmQ>oH$S>o bj R>odyZ Mmby
bmJbo. {Xdg hmoVm, Var PmS>mPwS>nm_wio COoS> H$_rM. amr Va MmbUo
Ae`M. dmQ>oV Mma-nmM gmn, H$gbo ZmJM {Xgbo. Xhm ~mam \y$Q>
bm~. EH$Va drg ~mdrg \y$Q> bm~rMm AOJaM hmoVm. nm`dmQ>obm
H$mg H$$Z OmUmam. Vmo OmBn`V, Xhm nYam \y$Q> _mJoM Wm~bo. _J
nwT>o Jobo.
S>m|Jam`m H$S>obm Ar _wZtMm Aml_ Amho. _{XamV \$moQ>mo
R>odbobm. EH$ gmYy nyOm H$$Z `mZmg ~gbm hmoVm. _hmamO WH$bo
hmoV.o WmoS>m doi VoWM
o ~gbo. AmOw~mOybm H$moUrM _mUyg {XgV ZhVm.
nwOmargmYy `mZmVyZ CR>bm. nhmVmo Va, EH$ gmYy hUOo Amnbo
96 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

A_VHw$S>mVrb A_VmMo meZ

_hmamO ~gbob.o Am`M{H$V Pmbm. _hmamO hUmbo, "Amo_ dm_r'

gmYyZo nU "Amo_ dm_r' hQ>bo. hUmbm, Amn gwa{jV Vmo hmo Zm?
Amn AHoo$bo `hm H$go Am`o? `hmVH$ nhMZm ~hV H$R>rU h&
{OgHo$ ^m`_o A_VHw$S>H$m VrW {nZm {bIm h, dhr `hm AmVm
h& amVoo_o Oharbo gmn, ~hV gmao bmoJmoH$mo H$mQ>H$a, CZH$m
OrdZ g_m H$a XoVo h&

bm~da dVr Agbobo H$mhr OJbr bmoH$ AmR>dS>mVyZ EH$Xm

`oV d Vndr gmYwbm {eYm d BVa gm{h` XoD$Z OmV. _hmamOmZm
`m Vndr gmYwMo Am` dmQ>bo. Vmo H$moUrVar Xdr nwf Agbm
nm{hOo! `m{edm`, `m {ZOZ OmJr EH$Q>mZo ahmUo e` Zmhr.
gmYyZo _hmamOmZm Amn`m Odirb MnmVr d ^mOrMm ZmVm {Xbm.
_{XamMo ImbMo ~mOyg "A_VHw$S>' hmoVo. Vmo gmYy _hmamOmZm VoWo
KoD$Z Jobm. da CM S>m|JamVyZ ~mamhr _{hZo nmUr AgUmam, nmT>amew^
Pam e^a \y$Q> Imbr nS>V hmoVm. `mImbr _mo>o Hw$S> ~mYbobo hmoVo.
VoM "A_VHw$ S>.' _hmamOmZr ^Vr^mdmZo g>r`m {Z``mbm Z_H$ma
Ho$bm. Ho$dT>m hm {ZgJmMm M_H$ma! Ho$dT>r hr Xwb^ OmJm! gXJw$Mo
_aU Ho$bo Am{U nmoQ>^a A_V Hw$S>mMo VrW meZ Ho$bo. WS>r AgyZ,
JmoS>ga H$mo_Q> AgUmao nmUr. A_VM Vo. nmoQ>mV Jo`mZo V Pmbo.
S>m
o `mV gd ` gmR>dZy KoVbo. Vndr gmYy hUmbm, AmnU {Xdgm
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am_H$U _hmamOmZr `m Vndr gmYybm Z_H$ma Ho$bm Am{U
{ZKmbo. naV `oVmZm a`mV EH$hr gmn {Xgbm Zmhr. _hmamO
A_V `m`bo hmoVo. ~hVoH$ gmnmZr {dMma Ho$bm Agmdm, A_V
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 97

`m`bo`m _mUgmbm MmdyZ H$m` Cn`moJ? g`mH$miMo gw_mamg

AZgw`m _{XamV naV Ambo. EdT>m H$R>rU dmg H$$Z nU WH$dm
OmUdV ZhVm. nwOm`mMo ~mOybm VrZ-Mma gmYy ~gbobo hmoVo.
_hmamOmZm naV Ambobo nmhZ `mZm Am` dmQ>bo. _hmamOmZr gnyU
dmgmV KS>bo`m KQ>Zm gm{JV`m. VohmM `mZm _hmamO IamoIaM
A_VHw$S>bm OmdyZ Am`mMr Imr nQ>br. `m gdmZr _hmamOmMo
nm` Yabo. hUmbo, _hmamO Amn gM_wMhr ~S>o ^m`dmZ hmo&
A_VHw$S>H$m A_V nrZoH$m Adga {_bm& hOmam|_ogo EImX
gmYwH$mo hr Eogm ^m` m hmoVm h& amr _hmamOmZm VoWoM R>odyZ
KoVbo.
_X_hoabm _hmamOmMm lmdU gmh

_hmamOmZr Xwg`m {Xder gH$mirM AZgw`m _{XamVyZ Amnbo

gm_mZ KoVbo d Imbr a`mda H$mbr_R>bm Ambo. AmVm _X_hoabm
Om`Mo hmoVo. AVa gmYmaU 24 {H$._r. H$mM aVm nU Orn gmaIo
dmhZ OmB. _hmamO MmbVM {ZKmbo. _Yo Jm|S>ma ZmdmMo Jmd bmJbo.
VoWn`V g`mH$mi Pmbr. EH$m XodimV _wH$m_ Ho$bm. gH$mir naV
nwT>o {ZKmbo. a`mZo OmVmZm EImX XwgamM _mUyg {Xgo. nm`r MmbVmZm
AJXr EH$Q>oM hmoVo. aVm gnyU MT>mdmMm. `m_wio Xhm {H$._r. AVa
Om`mg Xwnma COmS>br. _X_hoa CMmda Amho. `m`m _mJ`m
~mOyZo {ZbH$R> ndVm`m, CMM CM amJm {XgV hmo`m. ndVmda
nmT>am ew^ ~\$M ~\$. _YyZ _YyZ `mda nS>Umao gy`H$saU. _moR>o N>mZ
` hmoVo. _X_hoaMo XoD$i JmdmnmgyZ WmoS>o bm~. CMmda. _hmamO
VoWo nmohmoMbo. nwOmar AmngmV H$mZS>rV ~mobV hmoV.o _hmamO `m`mer
H$mZS>rV ~mobbo. H$ZmQ>H$Mo gmYy Ambo hUyZ `mZm AmZX Pmbm.
98 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

nMHo$XmaMr H$Wm

_{Xambm bmJyZ bmH$S>r Imo`m hmo`m. VoWo nwOmar ahmV.

lmdU _{hZm XmoZ {XdgmZr gw$ hmoUma hmoVm. nwOmar Jw$qbJ
`mZr _hmamOmZm, lmdU _{hZm^a _X_hoabmM ahm`mMm AmJh
Ho$bm. `mZm ahm`bm Amn`m OdiMr Imobr {Xbr. H$ZmQ>H$mV
qhMo{Jar d BVa _R>m_Yo lmdU gmh Zoh_rM hmoV AgVmo. _hmamOmZm
Vr ndUrM dmQ>br. lmdUmV EH$mM {R>H$mUr, _hmXodmMo gm{`mV
CnmgZm H$aVm `oBb hUyZ AmZX Pmbm. VoWyZ nmoQ> Am\$sg Odi
Odi 5 {H$._r. AVamda hmoVo. VoWo OmD$Z _hmamOmZr AmnmZm n
nmR>{dbo d Jw$qbJ nwOmar `mMo Zmdmda 500 n`o _mJ{dbo. Odi
Odi drg {XdgmZr _ZrAmS>a Ambr. `mnH$s 300 n`o Jw$qbJ
nwOm`mZm {Xbo. `mZr _{hZm^a Ood`mMr, Mhm nm`mMr gmo` Ho$br
hmoVr. _{hZm^a _hmamOmZr AZw>mZ Ho$bo. Xwnmar XmoZ dmOVm EH$ doi
WmoS>o OodV. ~mH$s gnyU doi Cndmg d `mZ gmYZm.

_X_hoa ho nMHo$Xma nH$s EH$ {R>H$mU. ^JdmZ eH$amMo OmJV

WmZ. nMHo$Xmabm EoVrhm{gH$ _hd Amho. H$mad nmS>dmMo Y_`w
gnbo hmoVo. gd H$madmMm Zme Pmbm hmoVm. nmS>dmnH$s _moOHo$M bmoH$
dmMbo hmoVo. bmImo `moo _`w_wIr nS>bo. Iyn nmn Pmbo. `mVyZ _wV
hmo`mgmR>r, ^JdmZ lrH$UmMo gmJ`md$Z, Y_amOmZo "amOgy`'
`k Ho$bm. gd F$ft~amo~a Xwdmg F$qfZmnU Am_U {Xbo. _moR>o Vndr
Ambo ZmhrV. CbQ> {Zamon {Xbm. A`m {H$`oH$ `kmZr nU, Vw_Mo
nmn YwVbo OmUma Zmhr. Vwhr ^JdmZ eH$ambm eaU Om. VmoM Vw_`m
nmnmMo {ZdmaU H$arb. `m_mUo gd nmS>d, mnXrgh H$bmg ndVmda
^JdmZ eH$amMo XeZmg {ZKmbo. Ho$XmaZmWbm Ambo. VoWo _hmXod
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 99

_X_hoabm dZH$`mMo XeZ

hmoVo. `mZr nmS>dmZm nm{hbo. `mMm _ZmoX` AmoiIbm. Amn`m

S>mo`mda nmnmMo AmoPo ZH$mo hUyZ `mZr herMo $n KoVbo. ^r_mbm
H$ibo. `mZo herMr H$~a K> Y$Z R>odbr. ^r_m`m nH$S>rVyZ
{ZgQ>`mgmR>r ^JdmZ eH$amZr Omoa bmdbm. Va herMo nmM VwH$S>o
Pmbo. _wS>Ho$ H$mR>_mSy> (Zonmi) `oWo nS>bo. VoWo newn{VZmWmMo _{Xa
Pmbo. H$noabm _|XM
y m ^mJ nS>bm. herMm _Ybm ^mJ _X_hoabm.
Va J`mMm ^mJ VwJZmWbm. H$mhr ^mJ ZmWbm. H$_aoMm ^mJ,
_mJMo XmoZ nm` d eonQ>r ^r_mMo hmVmV Ho$XmaZmWbm am{hbr. AmOhr
Vmo ^mJ AmnUmg Ho$XmaZmW`m _{XamV {XgVmo. nyOoZVa amoO `mbm
bmoUr bmdbo OmVo. Ho$XmaZmW ZVa newn{VZmWmMo XeZ Ko`mMr Wm
Amho. gd gm_m` bmoH$ m XmoZ {R>H$mUr OmVmV. ~mH$s {R>H$mUr
hUOo _X_hoa, VwJZmW, ZmW d H$noabm OmUo \$ma H$R>rU.
VoWo \$V _moOHo$ gmYwbmoH$M OmD$Z XeZ H$$ eH$VmV.

_X_hoabm _hmamO nyU _{hZm dVW am{hbo. n{d Am{U

emV {R>H$mU. `mZ gmYZm _V Mmby hmoVr. EH$m lmdU gmo_dmar
nhmQ>o VrZ dmOVm, bKweHo$gmR>r ImobrMo ~mhoa Ambo. Oam
_{XamnmgyZ bm~ Jobo. naV `oVmZm nm{hbo, Va Mmaeo nmMeo
~m`H$mMm g_wh _{XamMo {XeoZo OmV hmoVm. gJ`m`m AJmda
nmT>`m ew^ gmS>m. Oam JwT>`mMo Imbn`V Zogbo`m. nm`mV
H$mhrM Zmhr. Jmo`mnmZ aJm`m, H$m`m^moa Ho$gmMm ~wMS>m
S>mo`mda ~mYbobm. H$nmimda bmb^S>H$ Hw$Hy$. J`mV
\w$bm`m ^aJ _mim. _ZJQ>m^modVr \w$bmMo JOao, do`m
~mYbo`m. hmVmV nwOo`m gm{h`mZo ^abobo V~H$. Va
100 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

XodbmoH$mVrb gmYwMo XeZ

A{^foH$mgmR>r XwYmZo ^abobm N>moQ>mgm MmXrMm Vm`m. `

_moR>o _Zmoha hmoVo. EH$ ~mB _hmamOmH$S>o ~KyZ hgbr. _hmamOmZr
{Vbm {dMmabo, Vwhr gdOUr H$moR>o OmV AmhmV? Vr ZmOyH$ hgbr.
hUmbr, Amhr gd dZH$`m AmhmoV. AmO lmdUr gmo_dma.
Amhr ^JdmZ eH$amMr nyOm H$a`mg OmV AmhmoV. Vwhr nU
Mbm. _hmamOmMo _Z EH$ H$ma`m {X` AmZXmZo ^$Z Ambo.
{ZK`m`m V`marVM hmoVo. VodT>mV Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr nmR>rda
Wmn _mabr. _hmamO _mJo dibo. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr _mZoZoM OmD$
ZH$mog hUyZ gm{JVbo. _hmamO VgoM Wm~bo. dZH$`mH$S>o nhmV
am{hbo. `m gd dZH$`m Xodim`m Odi OmD$Z A` Pm`m.
`m{Xder gXJw $ ZrM _hmamOmZm dmM{dbo. IamoIaM _hmamO
`mMo~amo~a Jobo AgVo Va H$m` Pmbo AgVo? gmJVm `oV Zmhr.

Xwg`m lmdU gmo_dmar nU AX^Vw KQ>Zm KS>br. nhmQ>o 4 dmOVm

`mZmbm ~g`mMo AmYr, _hmamO Imobr`m ~mhoa Ambo hmoV.o _{XamV
`mZmbm ~g`mMm {dMma hmoVm. S>m|JamMo ~mOyZo Mma nmM ^Jdr
d n[aYmZ Ho$bobo, bm~ H$mir XmT>r Agbobo gmYy _{Xam`m
{XeoZo `oV hmoVo. S>mo`mbm ^Jdm $_mb ~mYbobm. AmH$fH$
Moham. gmdim aJ. hmVmV Vm`mMr bmoQ>r. XwYmZo ^abobr.
_hmamOmMo Hw$Vyhb OmJo Pmbo. hmVmZr IwUZo M
o {dMmabo, H$moR>o Mmbbm?
EH$mZo Xmohr hmVm`m Am|Oir EH$_oH$mZm bmdyZ nwOoMr IyU Ho$br.
_{XamMo {XeoZo WmoS>o nwT>o Jobo Am{U Jw Pmbo. ~hVoH$ Xod bmoH$mVrb
gmYy AgmdoV. m `j XeZmZo _hmamO ^mamdyZ Jobo.
_X_hoaMo XodimV nwOoMr ^anya CnH$aUo AmhoV. gd gmo`mMr.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 101

EdT>m {ZOZ OmJr MmoarMr A{O~mV ^r{V Zmhr. Mma nmM dfmnydu
Q>Q>r nH$s EH$mbm gmo`mMm _moh Pmbm. `mZo gmo`mMo V~H$, Vm`m,
nobm Aem H$mhr dVy bndyZ {nedrV KmV`m d Kar Om`mg {ZKmbm.
_{XamMo ~mhoa `oVmM `mbm H$mhr {XgoZmgo Pmbo. AMmZH$ `mMo
Xmohr S>moio Jobo. `mbm Iyn nmVmn Pmbm. gd gmo`mMr ^mS>r naV
Ho$br. _hmXodmMr j_m _m{JVbr. nU H$mhrM Cn`moJ Pmbm Zmhr.
VohmnmgyZ Xodm`m ^mS>mZm hmV bmd`mg H$moUr YOmdV Zmhr.
IynM Omd` WmZ Amho.
_X_hoabm ^JdmZ eH$amMo XeZ

EH$ {Xdg nhmQ>,o {Z`{Z`_m_mUo _hmamO Mma dmOVm _{Xam`m

g^mJhmV `mZmbm ~g`mMo V`marV hmoVo. EH$Q>oM hmoVo. VodT>mV
AmH$memVyZ XmoZ VoOnwO Jmoio Ambo. _{Xam`m Jm^m`mV OmD$Z
A` Pmbo. `m Jmo`m`m H$memV gd AmH$me bIbIyZ Jobo.
H$memVyZ ^JdmZ eH$amMr _yVu MmbV _{XamMo {XeoZo `oV
hmoVr. H$~aobm dmKmMo H$mVS>o JwS>mibobo. Ho$gm`m OQ>m
S>mo `md$Z _mJo OmD$Z _mZoImbr Ambo`m. gd AJmbm ^_
bmdbobo. S>m`m hmVmV H$_S>by Va CO`m hmVmV {eyi.
{eyi O{_Zrda Q>oH$V Q>oH$V ^am^a MmbV `oV hmoVo. J`mV
\$Um ~mhoa H$mT>bb
o m ZmJ. ^am^a MmbVmZm gmaIm hbV hmoVm.
hgao S>moio, g _wm, ^am^a MmbV _hmamOmMo OdiyZ
Jm^m`mV Jobo. qnS>rV OmD$Z A` Pmbo. _hmamOmMo
A>gmpdH$ ^md OmJV Pmbo. _hmamOmZr S>mi
o o {_Q>b.o bJoMM
`mZ bmJbo. Vo VrZ Vmg n`V. H$iboM Zmhr. _Z _m AmZXmZo
ZmMV hmoV.o
102 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_X_hoabm jonmbmMo XeZ

EH$m amr _hmamO `mZ gndyZ Amn`m bmH$S>r ImobrH$S>o

Om`mg {ZKmbo. Xhm dmOyZ Jobo hmoVo. gd gm_gy_ hmoVr. _hmamOmZm
_Zw`m`m Mmb`mMm AmdmO Ambm. g_moa nm{hbo. gnyU AJmbm
hiX bmdbobr. {ndim Y_H$ H$X Zogbobr VoOnwO XodVm
_{XamMo ^modVmbr {\$aV hmoVr. hmVmV {eyimgmaIo bm~gS>H$
e hmoVo. Xwgao {Xder nwOm`mbm `m~b {dMmabo. Vmo
hUmbm, Vmo jonmb. m WmZmMo ajU H$aVmo. _X_hoaMm
lmdU _{hZm gnbm. {H$VrVar AX^wV Jmo>r `m {R>H$mUr _hmamOmZm
nhm`mg {_im`m. `mnU mM Xohr. mM S>moim. AmnUmg EoHy$ZM
{H$Vr {dbjU dmQ>Vo. g_W gXJw$ Zaqghoa _hmamO d n.ny.
^mD$gmho~ _hmamO gVV Amn`m~amo~a AmhoV mMr _hmamOmZm
Imr nQ>br.
OJbmVyZ _X_hoa Vo ZmW

AmJQ> 1980 Mr gwadmV hmoVr. _hmamOmZr AmVm nyT>o Om`mMm

{ZU` KoVbm. Jw$qbJ nwOm`mMo Am^ma _mZbo. AmVm nyT>o ZmWbm
Om`Mo hmoVo. a`mZo Jobo Va, naV H$mbr_R> H$$Z JwH$merbm `m`bm
nm{hOo. VoWyZ da CIr_R>. VwJZmW _mJ} ZmWbm OmVm `oVo. Odi
Odi 100 {H$._r. Mm \o$am nS>bm AgVm. Jw$qbJ nwOm`mZr
_X_hoahZ ZmWbm OmUmar OdiMr S>m|JamVrb dmQ> XmI{dbr.
\$maM H$R>rU MT> CVmamMr dmQ>. \$V nm`rM OmUo e`. OJbmVrb
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 103

bmoH$ d EImX Xwgam gmYwM `m nm`dmQ>oMm Cn`moJ H$ar. OJbr

mnXmMr ^r{V hmoVrM. AVa \$V AR>am Vo drg {H$._r. AJXr
gH$mir {ZKmbo Va, amr nmohmoMUo e`. gXJw$ ~amo~a AgVmZm
H$gbr ^r{V? _hmamOmZr jUmMmhr {dMma Z H$aVm `m dmQ>Zo o Om`mMm
{ZU` KoVbm.
Amnbo gm_mZ KoD$Z, nhmQ>oMr CnmgZm AmQ>monyZ gH$mirM
{ZKmbo. {ZgJmZo nU _hmamOmZm gmW Xo`mMo R>a{dbo. MmJbo dN>
CZ nS>bo hmoVo. nmD$g A{O~mV ZhVm. _Z g hmoVo. _X_hoa`m
AmR>dUr _ZmVyZ OmV Zh`m. WmoS>o nyT>o Jo`mda EH$ gmYy ^oQ>bm.
Vmo nU ZmWbmM OmUma hmoVm. EH$_oH$mZm N>mZ gmo~V Pmbr.
EH$_oH$mMr MmH$er H$arV, Am`mp_H$ AZw^dmMr XodmU KodmU
H$arV, dmQ>Mmb H$arV {ZKmbo. AmX`m {Xder nS>bobo ~\$,
AmOw~mOybm {XgV hmoVo. AmOw~mOybm KZXmQ> OJb hmoVo. gmYmaU
XwnmaMo ~mam dmObo AgVrb. OJbmV EH$ Qw>_Xma, MmJbo _moR>o Ka
{Xgbo. WmoS>r {dlmVr `mdr hUyZ \$mQ>H$mVyZ AmV Jobo. AmR> Xhm
H$m_Jma OJbmVyZ AmUbo`m dZnVr gm\$ H$arV ~gbo hmoVo. AmVyZ
XmoKo \$marZa ~mhoa Ambo. BJOrV ~moby bmJbo. _hmamO nU `mMoer
AI{bV BJOrV ~mobbo. `mZm Am` dmQ>bo. `mZr _hmamOmZm
AmV ~mob{dbo. Vo aer`Z bmoH$mZr Mmbdbobo, dZnVr AmfYmMo
[agM g|Q>a hmoVo. ^maV gaH$maMr `mbm _m`Vm hmoVr. EoZ XwnmaMr
doi. `m XmoKm aer`Z bmoH$mZr _hmamOmZm Oodm`bm ~gdbo. Hw$H$a_Yo
{eOdbobm ^mV d S>mirMo OodU {Xbo. _hmamO d ~amo~a`m gmYwZo
WmoS>r {dlmVr KoVbr. `mMo Am^ma _mZyZ nyT>o {ZKmbo.

104 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

^`mZH$ OJbmV _|T>nmim~amo~a

amrMm {Zdmg

dmQ> H$R>r>U hmoVr. Var \$magm mg OmUdbm Zmhr. gy`

_mdiVrbm Ambm hmoVm. {h_mb`mV {Xdg bdH$a COmS>Vmo d bdH$a
_mdiVmo. OJbmVrb nR>mamMm ^mJ bmJbm. nyT>o _|T>mMm _mo>m H$in
Mmbbm hmoVm. _hmamO d gmYy _mJyZ Mmbbo hmoVo. OmoaOmamV KQ>oMm
AmdmO Ambm. EH$X_ EH$ _mo>m gmS>oVrZ \y$Q> CMrMm, H$m`m Hw$>
aJmMm Hw$m g_moa {Xgbm. `m`m J`mV KQ>m ~mYbr hmoVr. Vmo
XmoKmMo AJmda Ambm. XmoKoOU Km~abo. BV`mV _mJyZ Omoa OmoamV
AmdmO XoV, _|T>nmimMm ~mam Voam dfmMm _wbJm YmdV Ambm. `mZo
`m`m ^mfoV Hw$`mbm AmdmO {Xbm. Hw$m emV Pmbm. `mZo {dMmabo,
_hmamO H$hm OmZm h? ZmW& ~g, A^r WmoS>ohr Xoa_o AYoam hmo
Om`oJm& `h OJb IVaZmH$ h& amVH$mo eoa Kw_Vo h& dgm ZmW
`hmgo nmM {H$._r. hr hmoJm& Amn h_mao gmW Mbmo& _hmamO WmoS>o nyT>o
Jobo. VrZ Mma d`H$a _|T>nmi hmoVo. `mZr amr nyT>o Z Om`mMm gm
{Xbm.
nmMeo-ghmeo _|T>mMm H$in hmoVm. _|T>nmimZr `mZm EH$
O_m Ho$bo. ~mOyZo OmirMo H$nmD$S> KmVbo. nmM ghm Hw$o ~mOyZo
ajUmbm hmoV.o ho gd dmKmnmgyZ _|T>mMo gajU H$a`mgmR>r. _|T>mMo
_mg dmKmbm \$ma AmdS>Vo. EImXm dmK AmbmM, Va Mma-nmM Hw$r
`mbm \$mSy>Z ImVmV. Ago _|T>nmimZr gm{JVbo. _|T>nmimZr W_
Hw$`mZm OodU {Xbo. ZVa AmnU Oodm`bm ~gbo. ~amo~a _hmamO d
gmYwbm ~gdbo. _|T>rMo XyY \$ma Ja_ d nm{>H$. _hm_m JmYr _|T>rMo
XyY d IOya amoO`m OodUmV KoV. _|T>nmimZr Amnbo ~amo~a AmUbob,o
_|T>rMo XyY KmbyZ Ho$bobo MnmVrMo bmSy> Im`mg {Xbo. `mbm _mXoar
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 105

hUVmV. \$ma M{d> hmoVo. \$V WmoS>m CJ dmg. nU EdT>m OJbmV

VoM Iyn hmoVo. _hmamO d gmYy amr Omir`m H$nmD$S>Mo AmV Pmonbo.
amr _YyZ _YyZ Hw$`mMm _moR> _moR>mZo ^yH$`mMm AmdmO `oV hmoVm.
Agmhr EH$ OJbmVrb {ZdmgmMm AZw^d.
ZmWbm _`amr jonmbmMo XeZ

Zoh_r_mUo nhmQ>oM OmJ Ambr. CKS>mda H$S>m`mMr WS>r.

VgoM H$m~io nmK$Z `mZmg ~gbo. ~mOyZo N>moQ>m Pam dhmV hmoVm.
mV{dYr AmQ>mno Zy XmoKO
o U gH$mirM V`ma Pmbo. _|T>nmimZr ZmWMm
aVm XmIdbm. `mMm {Zamon KoD$Z _hmamO d gmYy Mmby bmJbo.
ZmWbm nmohM`mg XwnmaMo ~mam dmObo. eH$amMo _{Xa JmdmnmgyZ
OdiM. _{XamV OmD$Z XeZ KoVbo. eH$am`m qnS>rda nMYmVyMm
_mo>m ZmJ \$Um H$mTy>Z ~gbobm. EdT>m OJbmV, {ZOZ OmJr N>mQo >go M
o
_{Xa. n[aga Iyn N>mZ. nm{d` OmUdV hmoVo. _{XamMo nwOmar
_hmamOmZm hUmbo, Amn bmoJ ~hV Xyago XeZHo$ {b`o Am`o hmo& Hw$N>
XmZ H$amo& _hmamO hUmbo, h_ gmYy bmoH,$ h_mao nmg Hw$N> Zhr&
IwX {^jm _mJHo$ ImVo h& nyOmar Myn Pmbo. Var _hmamOmZr
Amn`mOdi Agbobo eodQ>Mo nmM n`o H$mTy>Z nwOm`mbm {Xbo.
CmMr H$miOr ZhVrM.
nwOm`mZo XmoKmZm AYm {H$bmo JhmMm AmQ>m {Xbm. _hmamOmZr
`mMo _moR>o XmoZ amoQ> ~Zdbo. VrZ XJS>mMr Myb _mSy>Z `mda Vo ^mObo.
_moR>o Ag`mZo AmVyZ Vo H$oM am{hbo. `m~amo~a _rR> Am{U XmoZ
{_a`m. EdT>M
o OodU. ~mH$s H$mhr Zmhr. OodVmZm _hmamO hUmbo,
`h amoQ>r Vmo nH$s Zhr& noQ> XX H$aoJm& nwOmar hUmbm, `hm
Ama Hw$N> Zhr {_bVm& amoQ>r Imdmo Ama noQ>^a nmZr {nAmo& Bg
106 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

OJb_o g~Hw$N> hO_ hmo Om`oJm& ^yIm ahZogo Vmo AN>m h?

_hmamOmZr gXJw$Mo Zmd KoV OodU Ho$bo. g`mH$mir _{XamVM
`mZ Ho$bo. amr VoWoM _wH$m_ Ho$bm. IynM WS>r hmoVr. CKS>mda
Vr OmVM OmUdV hmoVr. eoH$moQ>r noQ>dbr. amr \$maer Pmon Ambr
Zmhr. _`amr ZVa Oamer OmJ Ambr. naV jonmbmMo XeZ
Pmbo. _X_hoabm {Xgbm, VgmM jonmbmMm nmoemI. gnyU
AJmbm hiX bmdbobr. _{Xam^modVr {\$aV hmoVm. ghgm
H$moUmbm {XgV Zmhr. nU _hmamOmZm XmoZXm XeZ Pmbo. ^JdmZ
eH$amMm AmerdmXM.
VwJZmWMo OJbmV Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm
>mV d ^`mMo {ZdmaU

gH$mir CRy>Z VwJZmWbm Om`mg {ZKmbo. ~amo~aMm gmYy

XwgarH$S>o {ZKyZ Jobm. _hmamO EH$Q>oM nm`r {ZKmbo. aVm gnyU
OJbmVbm. AJXr H$m. dmhZ ZmhrM. nm`rM dmg. AVa gmYmaU
~mdrg {H$._r. gH$mirM {ZKmbo. g`mH$mi n`V nmoMm`Mo hmoVo.
H$maU OJbmV _Yo dVr ZhVrM. EImX XwgamM dmgr ^oQ>.o OJbmV
XmQ> PmS>r hmoVr. {d{dY H$maMo CMM CM dj. `mVyZ T>Jmi
dmVmdaU. _YwZ _YyZ nmD$g nS>o. {XdgmM AYm$Z Ambo. Zm__aU
H$arV, _hmamO ^am^a Mmbbo hmoVo. Var _ZmV WmoS>r ^rVr hmoVrM.
VodT>mV OJbmVyZ _moR>_moR>mZo dmKm`m S>aH$m`mMm AmdmO
`m`bm bmJbm. _hmamO Km~$Z Imbr ~gbo. ^r{VZo S>moio
K> {_Q>bo Jobo. Zaqghoa _hmamO S>mo`mg_moa Ambo. nmT>ao
dN> YmoVa. nmT>am ew^ AJaIm. S>mo `mda ^Jdm \o$Q>m. VoOn O
w
Moham. hUmbo, Aao am_H$Um Km~$ ZH$mog. _r d ^mD$gmho~
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 107

_hmamO XmoKohr gVV Vw`m~amo~a AmhmoV. Vw`m X`mV ~gyZ

`mm H$arV AmhmoV. AmVmn`V Vy H$moR>o Jobmg, H$moU ^oQ>bo,
Vwbm H$m` >mV Pmbo. gd _bm _mhrV Amho. _rM `m gd
Jmo>tMm gmjr$n Amho. CR>. ^rVr gmoS>. dmK H$m` ! Va H$moUrM
Vw`m Ho$gmbm YH$m bmdy eH$Uma Zmhr. _hmamOmZr S>moio
CKS>bo. Va g_moa H$moUrM ZhVo. {^Vr _m Xya niyZ Jobr
hmoVr.
gX J w $ Xe Z mZo _Z g Pmbo hmo V o . gX J w $ `m
AmerdmXmZo _Z I~ra Pmbo hmoVo. H$moR>oVar gwI$nVoMr ^mdZm
OmUdV hmoVr. gXJw $ d gXJw $ Mo gXJw $ XmoKho r Amn`m ~amo~a
AmhoV. hr OmUrd _Zmbm C_Z AdWoV KoD$Z Jobr. `mZVa
_m am_H$U _hmamOm`m _Zmbm ^rVr H$Yr {edbr gwm
Zmhr. EH$Q>M
o , nU EImm eya dramgmaIo ^am^a Mmby bmJbo. WH$dm
nU OmUdbm Zmhr. _Yo Xwnmar EH$`m gw_mamg ~amo~a Agbobr
WmoS>r {~H$sQ>o Imr. nmUr `m`bo. VodT>oM OodU. Xhm {_ZrQ>oM
{dlmVr KoD$Z nyT>o {ZKmbo. g`mH$mir nmMMo gw_mamg VwJZmWbm
`oD$Z nmohmoMbo gwm. Zm__aUmV doi H$gm Jobm Vo g_OboM
Zmhr.
VwJZmWbm XeZ d amrMm _wH$m_

VwJZmW `oWo eH$amMo _{Xa. nMHo$Xma nH$s EH$. JmdmMo OdiM

_{Xa. _{XamV OmD$Z XeZ KoVbo. {Xdg^a {~H$sQ>m{edm` H$mhrM
Imo ZhVo. WHy$Z Jobo hmoVo. _{XamMo ~mhoa`m g^mJhmV ~gbo.
bJoM Sw>bH$s bmJbr. g`mH$mir nwOmar _{XamV Ambm. ~{KVbo.
EH$ gmYy IynM _byb Pmbobm. Pmon bmJbobr. nwOm`mZo _hmamOmZm
108 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

WmoS>o hbdyZ CR>dbo. {dMmanyg Ho$br. ZmWhZ EH$Q>oM Ambo. Ago

g_O`mda Am` dmQ>bo. hUmbm, _hmamO Amn AHo$bohr BVZo
KZo OJb_ogo Am`o? S>a Zhr bJm? Hw$N> Im`m H$s Zhr? _hmamOmZr
_mZoZM
o ZH$ma {Xbm. ~mobm`bm earamV mUM Cabo ZhVo. nwOm`mbm
X`m Ambr. bJoMM Kar OmD$Z `mZo EH$m WmirV OodU AmUbo.
_hmamOmZm {Xbo. Ood`mZVa _hmamOmZm VaVar Ambr. eH$amMr
amrMr nyOm d AmaVr Pm`mda nwOm`m~amo~a MmJ`m Jnm Pm`m.
_hmamO amV H$mo Amn BYahr gmo Omdmo& Ago gmJyZ nwOmar {ZKyZ Jobm.
nhmQ>o gmS>oVrZbmM CR>bo. `mZmbm ~gbo. gH$mir nwOm`mMm {Zamon
KoD$Z nyT>o {ZKmbo.
Jmonoa _{XamV _hmXodmMo XeZ

AmVm Jmonoabm Om`Mo hmoVo. ~gMm nH$m aVm. AVa gmYmaU

gmoim {H$._r. Xwnmar Jmonoabm Ambo. JmdmV WmoS>r {^jm {_imbr.
JmdmnmgyZ ~mOybm WmoS>o OJbmV eH$amMo _{Xa. XeZmbm Jobo. _{Xa
WmoS>o CMmda. {h_mb`mVrb {ZgJ XeZmZoM _Z g hmoVo. JmdmV
H$moR>o ahm`Mr gmo` hmoVo H$m, ~Kmdo hUyZ Imbr Ambo. EH$ gmZ
_mUyg ^oQ>bm. Vmo JmonoaMm a{hdmgr hmoVm. _hmamOmH$S>o ~KyZ `mbm
Hw$Vyhb dmQ>bo. `mZo _hmamOmZm Wm~dbo. {dMmanyg Ho$br. _mUyg
Ym{_H$ hmoVm. `mZo H$mhr Z _hmamOmZm {dMmabo. _hmamOm`m
CmamZo `mMo g_mYmZ Pmbo. _hmamOmZm KamMo hamS>mV ~gdyZ
`mZo \w$bHo$ d ^mOr {Xbr. daVyZ H$mhr ngo {Xbo. JmdmV XodrMr
Y_emim hmoVr. VoWo dV: _hmamOmZm KoD$Z Jobm. `mMo AmoiIrZo
OmJm {_imbr. amr VoWMo am{hbo. Xwgao {Xder Jmono aMm n[aga ~{KVbm.
AmVm ~\$ nS>m`Mo AmV ~rZmWbm nmoMm`Mo hmoV.o M_mobr {OmMo
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 109

Jmd. VoWZy Xhm {H$._r. AVamda. VoWZy nwT>o ~rZmWMm aVm hmoVm.
Xwnmar Jmono ahZ {ZKmbo. M_mobrbm nmohmoM`mg g`mH$mi hmoD$Z Jobr.
Mmoa g_OyZ M_mobr`m nmobrgmMr
_hmamOmZm _mahmU

M_mobrbm Y_emioV ahm`mg OmJm {_imbr Zmhr. AmVm am

H$moR>o H$mT>m`Mr? _moR>r nMmBV hmoVr. a`mdaMr XwH$mZo amr 8 bmM
~X Pmbr. EH$m XwH$mZmMm H$>m ZOaog Ambm. WmoS>m _moR>m hmoVm. da
n`mMo eoS> hmoVo. VoWoM amr {dlmVr `mdr. _J nyT>o Omdo Ago R>adbo.
AmX`m amr JmdmV Mmoar Pmbr hmoVr. _mH}$Q>_Yo bmoH$mMo ~mobUo
EoH$bo hmoVo. `m_wio ZdrZ _mUgmg OmJm {_imbr Zgmdr. gXJw$Mr
BN>m. _hmamO gwI Xw:Im`m nbrH$S>o Jobo hmoVo. nwT>o H$m`
dmTy>Z R>odbo hmoVo `mMr `mZm H$nZm ZhVr. amr WmoS>o Zm__aU
H$$Z Pmonbo. ZwH$VrM Pmon bmJbr hmoVr. _moR>_moR>mZo AmoaS>`mMm
AmdmO Ambm. amrMo AH$am dmObo hmoVo. Mma-nmM nmobrg H$mR>m
hmVmV KoD$Z _hmamOmZm CR>dV hmoV.o XmoKmZr H$mR>rMr Q>mHo $o _hmamOm`m
nmoQ>mV Iwngbr. CR>mo, CR>mo& `hr Mmoa {XIVm h& hUyZ H$mR>mZr
~S>d`mg gwadmV Ho$br. _hmamO hmV OmoSy>Z hUy bmJbo. _ Mmoa
Zhr& gmYy h& `mmHo$ {b`o ~rZmW Om ahm h& nU nmobrg EoH$mbmM
V`ma ZhVo.
Mbmo, BgH$mo nmobrg Q>oeZ boHo$ Mbmo& dhr AnZo gm~ BZH$mo
XoI|Jo& hUyZ O~aXVrZo _hmamOmZm CR>dbo d Odi`m nmobrg
Q>oeZmV Zobo. _ZmV`m _ZmV Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm Ymdm gw$
hmoVm. _hmamO, _mPo hmVyZ H$m` Agm AnamY Pmbm? `mMr
{ejm _bm XoV AmhmV. _hmamO nmobrg Q>oeZbm Ambo. nmobrg
110 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

BnoQ>a Oam gmZ dmQ>bo. _hmamOmZr Z_VoZo `mZm AmnU gmYy

AgyZ, _w~BhZ {h_mb`mV Vn`m H$a`mgmRr> Ambmo Ag`mMo
gm{JVbo. nmobrg Q>oeZ_Yo COoS> hmoVm. COoS>mV _hmamOmMm Moham
~KyZM BZnoQ>abm Iao H$m` Vo g_OyZ Ambo. Amn gM ~mobVo hmo `m
PyQ>? h_ H$go {dmg H$ao& Amn {H$grH$mo OmZVo hmo? _hmamOmZr
Xod`mJ`m lr. MH$Ya OmoetMr AmoiI gm{JVbr. VoWo `mMo ~amo~a
OmoJrdmS>mV ghm _{hZo am{h`mMo gm{JVbo. BnoQ>a nydu
Xod`mJbm S>Q>rg hmoVm. MH$Ya OmoetZm MmJbmM AmoiIV hmoVm.
MH$Ya Omoer MmJbo `mo{Vfr hUyZ {g hmoVo. _hmamO Amn ^r
^{d` OmZVo hmoJo? _hmamOmZm WmoS>m hVaoIm nhm`mMm ZmX hmoVm.
Vo _mZoZoM hmo hUmbo. R>rH$ h& H$b gw~h XoI|Jo& hUyZ BnoQ>aZo
_hmamOmZm amr nmobrg Q>oeZ_`o Pmondbo d dV: Kar {ZKyZ Jobm.
nmobrgmZm ^{d` H$WZ d gwQ>H$m

gH$mir AmR> dmOVm BnoQ>a naV Ambm. _hmamOmZm ~mhoa

~mobmdbo. A~ WmoS>m _y-hmV Ymo bmo& hUyZ ~mW$_ XmI{dbo. Mhm
d Ja_ ZmVm _mJdbm. Mhm ZmVm Pm`mda Amnbm hmV nyT>o Ho$bm
d hUmbm, _hmamO A~ emVrgo XoImo& Hw$N> _moeZ {_bZodmbm h
`m Zhr? _moeZ boHo$ _ AnZo Jmd h[ama OmZm MmhVm h& _hmamO
amrMm gJ {dg$Z Job
o o hmoV.o gwI Am{U Xw:I ho _ZmMo {dH$ma
AmhoV. Amn`m gmaIm gm_m` _mUyg, Agbm An_mZ ghZ
H$$ eH$bm ZgVm. amJmZo `m BnoQ>abm {e`mMr bmImobr
dm{hbr AgVr. nU H$mhrVar nydH$_mMr {ejm {_imbr
Agmdr, Ago _mZyZ _hmamOmZr Pmbobm An_mZ {JiyZ Q>mH$bm.
hm gd gmYZoMmM n[aUm_. naV Zoh_r`m hg`m Moh`mZo nmobrg
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 111

M_mobrhZ Omoer_R>

BnoQ>aMm hmV nmh bmJbo. IamoIaM `mMm ~T>VrMm `moJ bdH$aM

hmoVm. BVahr ^{d` gmJyZ `mMo g_mYmZ Ho$bo. BVa nmobrgmZr nU
Amnbm hmV XmI{dbm. `mMo nU ^{d` gm{JVbo. eodQ>r BnoQ>aZo
_hmamOmMr j_m _m{JVbr. hUmbm, H$b amV h_mao bmoJm|H$s JbVr
hmo J`r& AmnH$mo Omo ^r VH$br\$ hAr, CgHo$ {b`o _m\$s _mJVm h&
Ago hUyZ Amnbo Xmohr hmV OmoS>bo. Amn ~rZmW Om aho hmo& _ ^r
Omoer_R> VH$ Om ahm h& ~R>mo _oao {hamo hm|S>mna& AmnH$mo N>moS> XoVm
h & _hmamOmZr Z_VZo o ZH$ma {Xbm. nmobrgmH$Sy>Z bdH$a gwQ>H$m hmoBb
,
Va ~ao.

Omoer_R>bm OmJogmR>r dUdU

gmYmaU gH$miMo Xhm dmObo hmoV.o a`mbm bmJbo. EH$ {H$._r.

nyT>o Jobo AgVrb. VmoM _mJyZ EH$ A~ogS >a JmS>r Odi `oD$Z Wm~br.
H$ma_Yo nyT>o S>m`ha. _mJo EH$ ^Jdr do n[aYmZ Ho$bobo gmYy ~gbo
hmoVo. bm~ nmT>ar ew^ XmT>r Agbobo. Hw$R>boVar _R>mYre dmQ>V hmoVo.
Amdmo _hmamO! H$hm Om aho hmo? ~R>mo AmJo& hUyZ `moVu_R> n`V
gmoS>b.o `moVu_R>mbmM Omoer_R> hUVmV. AVa Mmirg Vo nMM
o mirg
{H$._r. XmoZ VmgmV nmohmoMbo. dmQ>oV `m gmYwZr, _hmamOmMr MmH$er
Ho$br. Omoer_R>bm ahm`mMr gmo` hmoBb hUyZ gm{JVbo.

_hmamO Omoer_R> JmdmVrb ~g Q>S>bm CVabo. nyT>o ~rZmWH$S>o

OmUm`m JmS>mMr amJ bmJbr hmoVr. MoH$ nmoQ> hmoVo. `oH$ JmS>r
VnmgyZ, Zm|X H$$Z _JM nyT>o nmR>{dV. nwT>rb ~rZmW n`VMm aVm
112 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Iyn H$R>rU. MT>mdmMm d AX hmoVm. `m_wio {h_mMb Xoe gaH$ma

H$Sy>ZM hr H$miOr KoVbr OmV hmoVr. JmS>m`m JXuVyZ dmQ> H$mT>rV,
XwH$mZXmamH$S>o MmH$er H$arV, _hmamO `moVr_R>mV nmohmoMbo. hm OwZm
eH$amMm`mMm _R>. VoWo d`mod dm_r emVmZXmZm ^oQ>bo. nU `mZr
OmJm Zg`mMo gm{JVbo. Imb`m ~mOyg ZdrZ _R> Amho. VoWo Om.
OmJm {_iob. _hmamO {dMmanyg H$arV eH$amMm`m`m ZdrZ _R>mV
Ambo. XwnmMm EH$ dmObm hmoVm. VoWo dm_r d$nmZX hmoVo. `mZm
gm>mJ Z_H$ma Ho$bm. OmJo~b {dMmabo. `mZr dN> ZH$ma {Xbm.
ZwH$VrM XwnmaMr nyOm AmQ>monbr hmoVr. gmX hUyZ moUmV WmoS>r
~wXr {_imbr. {VM Imr d nmUr `m`bo. na_oamMr BN>m!
Odi H$mhrM ngo ZhVo. VoWyZ naV {ZKmbo.
~g Q>S>Mo Odi EH$ {gJaoQ>Mo XwH$mZ hmoVo. VoWyZM _mbH$mZo
AmdmO {Xbm. _hmamO BYa AmAmo& Mm` {nAmo& hUyZ Mhm _mJdbm.
`mMo Zmd {XjrV. _hmamO Amn ^{d` OmZVohr hmoJo& ~hV {XZgo
_oar bS>H$sHo$ emXrHo$ {b`o XoI ahm h& Amnhr ~VmB`o& emXr H$~
hmoJr? _hmamOmZm X`m Ambr. gXJwMo _aU Ho$bo. hUmbo,
^JdmZ ~hV X`mby h& Amn {Xbgo CgH$s mWZm H$amo& g_`
AmJ`m h& OX hr emXr hmo Om`oJr& hUyZ AmerdmX {Xbm.
{~Mmam ~amM H$>r dmQ>V hmoVm. VodT>mM ~mob`mZo `mMm Moham
Iwbbm. hUmbm, _hmamO {gJaoQ> {nAmo& _hmamOmZr _mZoZoM ZH$ma
{Xbm. nyT>o {ZKmbo.
{dUwKmQ>bm _hmamO MH$a `oD$Z nS>bo

XwnmaMo Mma dmObo hmoVo. nwT>o ghm {H$._r. AVamda {dUwKmQ>

hmoVm. nm`rM {ZKmbo. nmohM`mg g`mH$mi Pmbr. AbH$ZXm ZXrda
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 113

_moR>m nyb hmoVm. gajUmgmR>r nmM ghm nmobrgmMr S>Q >r hmoVr. a`mMo
~mOybmM nmobrg nmoQ> nU hmoVo. _hmamO WH$bo hmoVo. AmVm amr
`oWoM _wH$m_ H$amdm hUyZ nmobrgmZm {dMmabo. Zhr& `hm H$moB Zhr
ah gH$Vm& Cnago na_reZ Zhr h& Amn `hmgo AmJo OmAmo& hUyZ
Odi Odi hmH$bboM. gXJw$Mr BN>m! hUyZ nyT>o Mmbm`bm
bmJbo. AmVm _m earamV H$mhrM mU Cabo ZhVo. gmXm`m
~wXr{edm` nmoQ>mV H$mhrM Jobo ZhVo. Oo_Vo_ AYm {H$._r.
nyT>o Jobo. MH$a `oD$Z Imbr nS>boM. H$goVar ~mOy`m
PmS>mImbr AmS>do Pmbo. WmoS>m doi VgmM Jobm. _hmamO
bmZrVM hmoVo. AYma nS>bm.
Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m H$noZo OJbmV
^moOZ

EH$m A~ogS >a JmS>rMm COoS> _hmamOmMo Vm|S>mda nS>bm. _hmamO

AYdQ> ewrV hmoVo. Xhm ~mam nwf d ~m`H$mMm Jb~bmQ> EoHy$ Ambm.
qhXrV hUmbo, H$moB gmYy {XIVm h& {~_ma h `m? Oam XoImo Vmo&
hUyZ XmoKm {VKmZr _hmamOmZm CR>dbo. nmUr nmObo. AmVm _hmamOmZr
S>moio CKS>bo. _moR>r lr_V JwOamWr \$_rbr hmoVr. VrZ H$ma KoD$Z
~rZmWbm {ZKmbo hmoVo. EH$ H$ma nMa Pmbr. hUyZ VoWo Wm~bo.
H$maMo MmH$ ~Xbbo. gJ`mZr Amn`m OdiMo _moR> _moR>o S>~o H$mT>b.o
Jmob H$$Z ~gbo. _hmamOmZm nU ~mobmdbo. {dMmanyg Ho$br. _w~BMo
hQ>`mda OdirH$ dmQ>br. nwar ^mOr, ~wXrMo bmSy>, \$agmU, T>moH$io
Iyn nXmW hmoVo. Vgo JwOamWr bmoH$ Im`mMo emH$sZM. AmJh H$$Z
_hmamOmZm Oody KmVbo. d$Z ~wXrMo bmSy> d \$agmU ~mYyZ {Xbo. XmoZ
{Xdg nwaVrb BVHo$. gXJw$ narjm nhmVmV nU H$mhr H$_r nSy>
114 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

XoV ZmhrV, mMr _hmamOmZm nyU {MVr Ambr.

_hmamO bmZrV hmoVo. `mM {R>H$mUr H$ma nMa Pmbr.
hUyZ Vr JwOamWr \$_rbr VoWo Wm~br. _hmamOmZm nmoQ>^a OodU
{_imbo. hr gXJw$MrM H$nm. ZmhrVa AYmamV nSy>Z am{hbo
AgVo. am^amV {OdmMo H$mhr ~ao dmBQ> nU Pmbo AgVo. _hmamO
Amn amVH$mo BYa _V ahmo& h_ AmnH$mo JmoqdXKmQ> VH$ N>moS> XoVo h&
h_ ^r amVH$mo dhr ahZodmbo h& JmoqdXKmQ> VoWyZ Odi Odi nYam
{H$._r. _hmamO `mMo JmS>rVyZ VoWn`V Ambo. _ZmnmgyZ `m gdmMo
Am^ma _mZbo. amrMo Xhm dmObo hmoVo.
_hmamO JmoqdXKmQ>`m Jw$mamV

KmB ~Xg hUyZ, aodoV S>m|{~dbrbm AgVmZm EH$ erI

H$mQ>Q>a hmoVo. Iyn _moR>r nmQ>u. `mMr ~rbo _hmamO MoH$ H$arV AgV.
BVa bmoH$mgmaIo `m~b H$mhrM KoV ZhVo. hUyZ `m erI
H$mQ>Xmambm _hmamOm~b Iyn AmXa hmoVm. Vmo _hmamOmMo {Zamon
g_ma^mbm OmVrZo hOa hmoVm. `mZo JmoqdXKmQ> d ho_Hw$S> `oWrb
JwmamZm _moR>r XoUJr {Xbr hmoVr. _hmamO Amn {h_mb` Om aho hmo&
~rZmWHo$ ZO{XH$hr h_mao Xmo Jwma h& Amn dhm O$a OmZm& _ `h
IV XoVm h& Cgo {XImdmo& AmnH$m nyam BVOm_ hmo Om`oJm& {\$H$a
_V H$amo& Mmho {OVZo {XZ, Amn dhm ah gH$Vo hmo& _hmamOmZm {M>rMr
AmR>dU Pmbr. OnyZ R>odbobr S>m`arVrb {M>r H$mT>br. JwmamMm
nmm {dMmaV JmoqdXKmQ>`m JwmamV nmohmoMbo.
~mhoa nhmaoH$ar hmoVm. `mbm {M>r XmI{dbr. `mZo Vr {M>r
AmV_Yo `dWmnH$mH$S>o {Xbr. Vo Pmonm``m V`marV hmoVo. bJ~JrZo
~mhoa Ambo. Amdmo _hmamO& hUyZ _moR>m o_mZo AmV KoD$Z Jobo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 115

W_ _moR>m bmg^$Z Mhm {Xbm. WS>r MmJbrM OmUdV hmoVr. Ja_

Ja_ MhmZo _hmamOmZm ~ao dmQ>bo. OodUmMo VmQ> AmUmd`mg gm{JVbo.
a`mV JwOamWr \$_rbr ~amo~a ^anya OodU Pmbo hmoVo. _hmamOmZr
Z_VoZo ZH$ma {Xbm. R>rH$ h dm_rOr& ahm`bm _moR>r Imobr CKSy>Z
{Xbr. hUmbo, dm{_Or amV ~hV hmo MwH$s h& Amn {dlm_ H$amo&
H$b gw~h ~mV H$a|Jo& hUyZ Vmo erI `dWmnH$ Amn`m ImobrH$S>o
{ZKyZ Jobm.
JwmamMo ~mYH$m_ A{V_ hmoVo. ImobrnU N>mZ hmoVr. AmV
nbJmnmgyZ gd `dWm hmoVr. __Yo EAa H$S>reZa hmoVm. WS>rV
AmVrb hrQ>a_wi,o Vmn_mZ H$Q>mb
o Ho$bo OmV hmoV.o _hmamOmZm H$mQ>Xma
KmBMo Am` dmQ>bo. \$V `odT>m`m {M>rda, Hw$R>brhr MmH$er Z
H$aVm, _hmamOmMo OJr dmJV Pmbo. N>mZ gmo` Pmbr. nmM ghm
Vmgmnydu {dUwKmQ>Mo Odi _hmamOmMr H$m` AdWm hmoVr?
nmoQ>mV H$mhr Zg`mZo bmZr `oD$Z a`mV nS>bo hmoVo. Am{U
bJoMM hm amOoemhr WmQ>. na_oamMr brbm AJmY Amho.
_hmamOmZm _amR>rV`m EH$m hUrMr AmR>dU Pmbr. Agob
_mPm har, Va XoBb ImQ>`mdar. nU Vmo har ^VmMr nwaonya
narjm KoVmo. _JM gdH$mhr `mbm XoVmo. _hmamO `m har`m
AmR>dUrVM Pmonr Jobo.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo Q>maMo $nmZo _mJXeZ
Am{U am_H$U _hmamOmMm JwmamV gH$ma

Zoh_r _mUo _hmamO nhmQ>M

o CR>b.o `mZmbm ~gbo. S>m
o `mg_moa
M_H$Vm Vmam {Xgy bmJbm. S>mo`mg_moa dVwimH$ma {\$aV {\$aV
AmkmMH$mg_moa pWa Pmbm. A{O~mV hmboZm. _hmamOmZr S>moio
116 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

CKS>b.o Va S>m
o `mg_moa VmoM Q>ma. naV S>mi
o o {_Q>b,o Var S>m
o `mg_moa
VmoM Q>ma. Zaqghoa _hmamO g_moa Ambo. hUmbo, H$gmhr gJ
Ambm Var Km~$ ZH$mog. _r d ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO Vw`m gmo~V
AmhmoVM. hm Q>ma {OH$S>o OmBb {VH$S>o Vy Om. _hmamOmZm Zdb
dmQ>bo. AmVm Q>maMo $nmZo gXJw$ nwT>o OmUma AmhoV d _mJyZ
AmnU. Ho$dT>r J_V Amho. gmYH$ Og Ogm da`m AdWobm
OmBb Vg Vgo `mbm doJioM AZw^d `m`bm bmJVmV. na_mW
_mJmVrb J_V O_V H$mhr AmaM Amho. {Mmewr ZVaMm
Am`mMm dmg hUOo "AmZXr AmZXM.' gwImVhr gwI Am{U
Xw:ImVhr gwIM. _ZmMr AdWm EH$M. na_mZXr a_`mMr.
hoM Va {ZJwU Zgob ?
_hmamOmMr Vr bmJbr hmoVr. JwmamMo _{XamV
gVZm_, gVZm_, gVZm_Or&
dmho Jw$, dmho Jw$, dmho Jw$Or&&
N>mZ Vmbm gwamV ^OZ Mmbbo hmoVo. nhmQ>oMr doi. Xhm ~mam
erI r nwf noQ>r`m Vmbmda VrZ hmoD$Z ^OZ JmV hmoVo.
na_oamMo g` d$n hUOo `mMo Zm_. Jw$`m $nmZo Vo
AdVrU Pmbo. Jw$`m Zm_mMo {Z` _aU H$aUo. hUOoM
na_oamMo _aU H$aUo. H$m` hr gwXa mWZm! Ho$dT>o ho Jw$Mo
g` dUZ! ^VmMo _Z Jw$MaUr brZ H$aUmao ^OZ! _hmamO
CR>bo. Amn`m gXJw$`m AmR>dUrZo S>mo`mVyZ Aly dmh
bmJbo. AV:H$aUmVbm Amobmdm ~mhoa nSy> bmJbm. VgoM
OmD$Z _{XamV ~gbo. ^OZ hUUm`m erI r-nwfm`m
gyamV gya {_giyZ, _hmamO nU VrZ hmD$Z JmD$ bmJbo.
gVZm_, gVZm_, gVZm_Or&
dmho Jw$, dmho Jw$, dmho JwOr&&
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 117

Jw$ Am{U {e` EH$M Pmbo hmoVo. Vmg^a H$gm Jobm Vo

H$iboM Zmhr. Jw$`m Zm_mV _Z C_Z Pmbo hmoVo. ^OZ gnbo.
gd r nwf CRy>Z Jobo. ~amM doi _hmamO Amn`mM VrV ~gyZ
hmoVo. JwmamV _hmamOmZm AmJhmZo XmoZ {Xdg R>odyZ KoVbo. Jw$mamV
qhXr_Yo Jw$ ZmZH$ Am{U Jw$ JmoqdXqgJm~b H$mhr nwVHo$ hmoVr.
_hmamOmZr Vr dmMbr. gJ`mMo aVo doJio Agbo Var {eIa
EH$M. na_oamMo g` d$n. `dWmnH$m`m AmJhmZo
_hmamOmZr g`mH$mir, qhXr_Yo N>moQ>ogo dMZ Ho$bo. Jw$Zo {Xbobo
Zm_ Am{U `mMo AIS> _aU hUOo Zm__aU. m~b
{ddoMZ Ho$bo. gd erI ~mYdmZm _hmamOmMo dMZ Iyn AmdS>bo.
gd erI ~mYdmZr emb nmK$Z _hmamOmMm gH$ma Ho$bm.
_hmamO bmda hbrV (\y$bmo H$s KmQ>r)

AmVm nwT>o ~rZmWbm Om`Mo hmoVo. JmoqdXKmQ> nmgyZ ~rZmW,

gai a`mZo 28 {H$._r. gH$mirM {ZKmbo. naV S>mo`mg_moa Q>ma.
nU `mMr {Xem, ~rZmW`m a`mMo {XeoZo gai ZhVr. Va CO`m
~mOy`m a`mZo. _hmamOmZm Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo eX AmR>dbo.
Q>ma Vwbm {Xem XmIdob, {VH$S>o Om. CO`m ~mOyMm aVm \y$bmo
H$s KmQ>rbm OmD$Z ho_Hw$S> Jw$mabm OmV hmoVm. {h_mb`mVrb Iyn
CMmdaMo {R>H$mU ho_Hw$ S>. gmYmaU 14000 \y$Q> CMmda. JmoqdXKmQ>`m
JwmamVrb `dWmnH$mZr nU ho_Hw$S>`m JwmamV O$a Om, hUyZ
gm{JVbo hmoVo. {M>rnU {Xbr hmoVr. _hmamOmMo `o` EH$M.
gXJw $ `m Amko_mUo Mmbm`Mo. Q>ma`m {XeoMm aVm nH$S>bm
d Mmby bmJbo. bmda hbrMo AVa \$V Xhm {H$._r. nU aVm
MT>mdmMm. WmoS>oM AVa nwT>o Jobo AgVrb Vmo _mJyZ `oD$Z EH$ Orn
118 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

`mMo ~mOybm C^r. JmoqdXKmQ>`m JwmamV CVabobr EH$ erI \$_rbr

bmda hbrbm Mmbbr hmoVr. EH$m erImZo _hmamOmZm AmoiIbo.
_hmamO Mbmo h_mao gmW& bmda hbr N>mSo > XoVo h& AmJhmZo _hmamOmZm
Orn_Yo ~gdyZ KoVbo. a`mV `mMo ~amo~aM ZmVm nmUr Pmbo.
gH$mir XhmMo gw_mamg bmda hbrV nmohmoMbo. a`mVbm
{ZgJ ~KV ahm`mgmaIm hmoVm. bmda hbrV Va {dMmam`bmM
ZH$mo. gJirH$S>o aJr ~oaJr, bhmZ _moR>m AmH$mamMr, doJ doJir
\w$boM \w$bo. Iyn _mo>m ~JrMm. erI \$_rbr ~amo~aM AmV Jobo.
Xmam~mhoa dmM_ZZo gd AJ PmH$Umam H$moQ> d J_~yQ> `oH$mbm {Xbo.
S>mo`mdaMr Q>monr _mZon`V hmoVr. S>mo`mMo g_moa ~K`mgmR>r Omir.
gd AJ PmH$bobo. ~Jr`mV Jo`mda ~{KVbo, Va _moR> _moR>o ^wJo
\w$bmda ~gyZ _Y MmIV hmoVo. ~KUm`mbm nU `mMm mg hmoV
hmoVm. H$moQ> d J_~yQ> Amd`H$M hmoVo. `odT>r AO~ aJr ~oaJr \w$bo
H$Yr ~{KVbrM ZhVr. {ZgJmMm M_H$ma ~KyZ _hmamO ^mamdyZ
Job.o ho gd {Z_mU H$aUm`m na_oamMr H$_mbM hUm`Mr. dZnVrV
nU Ord AgVmo. Mm`mer bj `moZrV `mMm g_mdoe Agob H$m`?
Agm Z _hmamOmMo _ZmV `oD$Z Jobm. ^`mU S>mJ| a-X`m`m da`m
~mOyg Agbob,o \w$bmMo ZXZdZ nmhZ S>m
o `mMo nmaUo {\$Q>b.o gXJw $ Zr
AmnUmg BH$S>o H$m AmUbo? `mMm CbJS>m Pmbm. {Xdg^a ZXZdZmV
qhSy>Z, amr VoWoM _wH$m_ Ho$bm.
ho_Hw$S> Jw$mamV erI ~mYdmg_moa
Hw$S>{bZr OmJVr ~b dMZ

Xw g `m {Xder gH$mir ho _ Hw $ S> b m Om`mg {ZKmbo .

S>mo`mg_moaMm Q>ma nU {VM {Xem XmIdrV hmoVm. Mma {H$._r.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 119

KmKar`mbm `oD$Z, CO`m ~mOyg nmM {H$._r. AVamda ho_H$w S> Jw$ma
Amho. VoWn`V nmoM`mg XwnmaMo ~mam dmObo. MmXm hOma \y$Q> CMmda
~mYbobo Jw$ma, eV Am{U gwXa Amho. gnyU ^maVmVrb erI
~mYdmMo Ym{_H$ WmZ. `m_wio `moH$$Mr dXi hmoVr. ~hVHo $ erIM
hmoV.o KmB ~Xg Am{U JmoqdX KmQ>`m Jw$mamMo `dWmnH$mMr {M>r.
JXu AgyZ nU _hmamOmZm bJoMM OmJm {_imbr. {deof A{VWr
hUyZ `mMr XoI^mb H$a`mV Ambr. Jw$mamV {XdgmMo Xmohr doi
gmXmMo OodU AgVo. `mbm bJa hUVmV. {dZm_y` AXmZ hmoV
AgVo. VrZ Mma {Xdg _hmamO VoWo am{hbo. nhmQ>onmgyZ amrn`VMr
{Z` gmYZm Am{U Jw$mamVrb R>amdrH$ doioVbr ^OZo. `mVyZ
g dmVmdaU. Mma {Xdg ^waH$Z {ZKyZ Jobo. _hmamO nhmQ>oMo
doiog Jw$mamV ~gyZ `mZ H$arV. _hmamOmMo `mZ ~KyZ
`dWmnH$ M{H$V Pmbo. VrZ Vmg EH$m OmJoda Z hmbVm,
nmgZmV ~gyZ S>moio {_Qy>Z _hmamO H$aVmV Var H$m`? H$mhr
`moH$$Zr Z_H$ma H$$Z _hmamOmZm X{jUm {Xbr. VrZ Mmaeo
n`o {_imbo. nwT>rb `mog H$m_mg Ambo. eodQ>`m {Xder
g`mH$mir, VoWrb _wI `dWmnH$mZr _hmamOmZm AmXamZo
`mgnrR>mda ~mobmdbo.
amoO g`mH$mir dMZ hmoV Ago. _hmamOmZm H$ioZm, AmnUmg
H$m ~mobm{dbo? _hmamO `mgnrR>mda Jobo. `dWmnH$mZr Amn`m
eoOmaMr IyMu {Xbr. g_moa erI ~mYd d BVa _moOHo$M `moH$$
dMZ EoH$`mg ~gbo hmoVo. `dWmnH$ hUmbo, _hmamO Amn ~S>o
`moJr nwf hmo& AmnHo$ Hw$N> AZw^dmoHo$ ~mao_o h_o ~Vmdmo& _hmamOmZr
gXJw$Mo _aU H$$Z dMZmg gwadmV Ho$br. dMZ qhXrV Ho$bo.
_hmamO ~amM H$mi ZmoH$ar {Z{_m _` XoemV dmV`mbm hmoVo.
`m_wio qhXrda ^wd. `oH$ _mUgm`m earamV gw AdWoV
Agbo`m Hw$S>{bZr eVr~b gmJyZ, fQ>MH$, BS>m qnJbm
120 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

d `m_YyZ OmUmar gwfwZm ZmS>r m~b emmoV {ddaU

Ho$bo. ^Vr_mJmZo-Zm__aUmZo Hw$S>{bZr eVr H$er OmJV
hmoVo, ho gm{JVbo. MH$^oXZmMm A`mg, Zm__aUmZo H$gm
H$aVm `oVmo Vo gm{JVbo. eodQ>r gV H$~ramMm Xmohm KoVbm.
""Jw$~rZ H$mZ ~Vm`o ~mV.'' Jw$H$nm Pmbr hUOo hm H$R>rU
A`mg H$gm ghO gm` hmoVmo. {ddaU IynM N>mZ Pmbo. dMZ
EH$ VmgmMo da Mmbbo. Odi Odi Mmirg Vo nmg bmoH$ __wY
hmoD$Z EoH$V hmoVo. Jw$ ZmZH$m`m M[amVrb H$mhr Jmo>r gm{JV`m.
gdOU Iyf Pmbo. `m`m Moh`mdarb AmZX {XgyZ `oV hmoVm.
eodQ>r Jw$ma _wImZr emb nmK$Z _hmamOmMm gH$ma Ho$bm.
Mma {Xdg _moR>o N>mZ Jobo. _Z g Pmbo. H$sVZ-dMZ ho
^JdVm`m Zd{dYm ^Vr nH$s EH$. hr EH$ H$mao ^JdVmMr
godmM.
_hmaramoS>bm _hmamOmMo hmVyZ eH$am`m
\$moQ>moMr WmnZm

_hmamOmZr nyT>o Om`Mr V`mar Ho$br. ~rZmWbm Om`bm, naV

ImbMo ~mOyg JmoqdXKmQ>bm `m`bm nm{hOo. nU S>mo`mg_moaMm Q>ma
WmoS>m ~mOyZo, da`m ~mOyg OmUmam aVm XmI{dV hmoVm. _hmamOmZr
MmH$er Ho$br. Vmo aVm _hmaramoS> H$S>o OmV hmoVm. `m`m nyT>o bJMoM
Mm`Zm ~mS>a Amho. _hmamO MmbV MmbV S>m|JamVrb a`mZo
_hmaramoS>bm Ambo. nyU {_brQ>arMm H$n. nyT>o Om`mg g{ZH$mZr
_ZmB Ho$br. EH$ gmYmaU _mUyg a`mV ^oQ>bm. `mZo AmJhmZo
_hmamOmZm Kar Zobo. `mMm H$nS>o {ed`mMm `dgm` hmoVm. KamV
Jo`mda Mhm {Xbm. _hmamOmZm g_OoZm, `mMo H$m` H$m_ Amho?
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 121

hUmbm, _hmamO _ eH$aOrH$m ^V h& Ka_o ~S>m \$moQ>mo Wm& \$moQm>o

Ho$ {ZMo {X`m aIm Wm& `m hAm _mby_ Zhr& eH$a ^JdmZHo$ \$moQ>moH$mo
AmJ bJ J`r Ama dh Ob J`m& _wPo ~hV XwI hAm& _ AmO gw~h
hr Z`m \$moQ>mo bm`m h& amVo_o _Zo AmnH$mo XoIm Ama {XbZo H$hm,
Amngohr Z`o \$moQ>moH$s WmnZm H$$, Bgrbr`o _ `hmVH$ AmnH$mo
boH$o Am`m h & H$amoJZo m \$moQ>mHo $s WmnZm? hUyZ _hmamOmMo nm` Yabo.
m H$[aVmM gXJw$Zr Q>ma XmIdyZ `oWo AmUbo Agbo nm{hOo.
_hmamOmZr W_ JUnVr AWd Vmo hQ>bo. _J eH$am`m \$moQ>moMr
nyOm H$$Z nydu`m OmJoda `mMr {VWmnZm Ho$br. qenr AmZXmZo
aS>m`bm bmJbm. hUmbm, \$moQ>mo ObZoHo$ ~mX _wPo ~hV S>a
bJVm Wm& {H$ _ ~a~mX hmo OmD$Jm& ^JdmZ _wPo _m\$ Zhr
H$a|Jo& boH$sZ Amn ^r Vmo ^JdmZ h& A~ _wPo H$moB S>a Zhr&
`mZo _hmamOmZm OodU d `Wmo{MV X{jUm {Xbr. _hmamOm`m
_ZmV Ambo. gXJw$ AOyZ H$moR>o H$moR>o ZoUma AmhoV Am{U H$m`
H$m` brbm XmIdUma AmhoV?
gJwU XeZ hUOo Am_gmjmH$ma Zho,
ZdammV _hmamOmMo R>m_nUo {VnmXZ

_hmar amoS>bmM {ddoH$mZX dm_tMm Aml_ Amho. Vmo qenr

_hmamOmZm VoWo KoD$Z Jobm. {ddoH$mZX dm_tZr _hmamOmMr {dMmanyg
Ho$br. ZmoH$ar gmoS>yZ Vn`}gmR>r {h_mb`mV Ambobo ~KyZ AmZX Pmbm.
ghgm ggmamVbm dmgZmZX gmoSy>Z Am_mZX emoYm`bm H$moUr
~mhoa nS>V Zmhr. EdT>m `mJ, EdT>o H$> gmogm`Mr H$moUmMr
V`mar ZgVo. _hmamOmgmaIm EImXm {daiM. Xwg`m {Xder
nmgyZ Zdam gw$ hmoUma hmoV.o {ddoH$mZX dm_tZr _hmamOmZm ZdammV
122 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

VoWoM ahm`mMr {dZVr Ho$br. gXJw$Mr BN>m, hUyZ _hmamOmZr

hmoH$ma {Xbm. Aml_ N>moQ>mgmM nU gd `dWm N>mZ. EH$ dV
Imobr _hmamOmZm ahm`bm {Xbr. Aml_mV XodrMo N>moQ>ogo XoD$i hmoVo.
ZdamrMm Cgd N>mZ gmOam Pmbm. VoWo ^y_mZX d MV`mZX dm_r
^oQ>bo.
{ddoH$mZX dm_r, {Z`{Z`_mZo g`mH$mir dMZ H$arV.
JmdmVrb bmoH$ nU `oV. EH$ {Xdg dMZmV Am_gmjmH$ma hm
{df` hmoVm. dm_rOtZr `mda emr` ^mfoV {ddaU Ho$bo. dMZ
gn`mZVa {ddoH$mZX dm_r, ^y_mZX dm_r, MV`mZX dm_r d
_hmamO `mMr Am_gmjmH$mam~b MMm aJbr. `oH$mZo dV:Mo
AZw^d gmJ`mMo R>abo. {VKmZrnU Amn`mbm Ambob,o gJwU XeZmMo
AZw^d gm{JVbo. Am_m hUOo gJwU XodM. qH$~hZm gJwU
XodM Am_$nmZo `oH$ _Zw`m`m earamV dmg H$aVmo.
H$memMo, Xod XodVmMo AmkmMH$mVrb XeZ Pmbo hUOo
Am_gmjmH$ma Pmbm. Ago `m VrZhr dm_tMo hUUo hmoVo.
AmVm AZw^d gmJ`mMr nmir _hmamOmMr hmoVr.
_hmamOmZr `mMo hUUo ImoSy>Z H$mT>bo. gJwUmMo XeZ
hUOo Am_gmjmH$ma Zho. Am_m hm na_m`mMm Ae Amho
Am{U na_m_m Va {ZJwU-{ZamH$ma Amho. lr_V ^JdVJrVoVrb
Xwgam A`m` hUOo gm``moJ. `mVrb 23 `m bmoH$mV Am`mMo
dUZ Amho.
ZZ {N>XpV em{U ZZ Xh{V nmdH$:&
Z MZ boX``mnmo Z emof`{V _mVm:&&23&&
_hmamOmZr bmoH$ hUyZ XmI{dbm. AW {dfX Ho$bm. `m
Am`mMo Hw$R>`mhr emmao VwH$S>o H$aVm `oV ZmhrV. AJrmao `mbm
OmiVm `oV Zmhr. nm`mmao `mbm {^O{dVm `oV Zmhr. VgoM dm`mZo
`mbm gwH${dVm `oV Zmhr. Agm {ZJwU Am_m hUOo ` dVw
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 123

Zho. gJwU XeZ hUOo ` dVy. Hw$S>{bZr eVrMm _ybmYma

MH$ Vo AmkmMH$mn`VMm dmg. VoWo B>XodVoMo gJwU XeZ d
H$memMo AZw ^ d m~b _hmamOm Z r dV:Mo AZw ^ d
gm{JVbo. AmkmMH$ Vo ~aKm n`VMm Hw$S>{bZrMm dmg,
hrM Iar {ZJwU-{ZamH$ma na_m`mMr CnmgZm. _Yo bmJUmao
gbmoH$. gd {ddoMZ Ho$bo.
{ddoH$mZX dm_r EH$mJVoZo EoH$V hmoVo. _hmamOm`m
Ammm-n`V`m `mZ gmYZoMo Vo gma. _ZmMr C_Z AdWm.
gdM H$mhr {dbjU. Am_gmjmH$ma Pmbobm gmYH$
_ZmZoM Am`mer EH$$n hmoD$Z OmVmo. Zoh_r {ZOmZXmV
VrZ hmoD$Z ahmVmo. `m~b `mbm eX$nmZo gmJVm `oV
Zmhr. gmIa JmoS> Amho. Ago gmJyZ gmIaoMr JmoS>r H$iV Zmhr.
Va gmIa ImD$ZM Jmo S > hUOo H$m` Vo H$iVo . Vgo M
gXJw$`m _mJXeZmImbr, nyU Jw$H$noZoM gmYZ Ho$`mda
{e`mbm {ZJwU {ZamH$ma na_m`mMo AmH$bZ hmoVo. V|hm
Vmo `m na_Vdmer EH$$nM hmoD$Z OmVmo. Xoh \$V {eH$
ahmVmo. Vmo bmoH$H$`mUmgmR>rM. {ddoH$mZX d BVa XmoKoOU
^mamdyZ Jobo. {ddoH$mZX dm_tZr C\y$VnUo Odirb 100 n`o
H$mTy>Z _hmamOmMo nyT>o R>odbo. Z_H$ma Ho$bm. Ago ZdamrMo ZD$
{Xdg gmYZo`m Am_mZXmV H$go Jobo, Vo H$iboM Zmhr. Xgam
Pmbm. XodrMm AmerdmX d dm_tMm {Zamon KoD$Z _hmamO nwT>o
~rZmWbm Om`bm {ZKmbo. {h_mb`mVyZ {ZKyZ gadVr ZXr, _hmar
amoS>`m ~mOyZo OmVo d nwT>o {dUw`mJbm AbH$ZXm ZXrbm {_iVo.
a`mMo ~mOyZo OmUmam, gadVr ZXrMm AdIi dmh _moR>m N>mZ
{XgV hmoVm.
124 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hmar amoS> Vo ~rZmW Am{U _hmamOmMm

AOnmOn

gadVr ZXr Am{U AmOy~mOy`m {ZgJmMo AdbmoH$Z H$arV,

_hmamO ~rZmWMo {XeoZo {ZKmbo. S>mo`mg_moaMm Q>manU {VM {Xem
XmI{dV hmoVm. `m_wio _hmamO {~ZYmV hmoVo. JmoqdXKmQ>Mo AVa
Odi Odi 20 {H$._r. nU aVm CVmamMm hmoVm. _Yo `yS>mabm
Wm~yZ OodU Ho$bo. g`mH$min`V JmoqdXKmQ>bm Ambo. Jw$mamV
MmJbrM AmoiI hmoVr. amr VoWoM _wH$m_ Ho$bm. ho_Hw$S>`m
Jw$mamVrb hH$sH$V VoWrb _wImZm gm{JVbr. `mZr _hmamOmZm
24 {Xdg ahm`mMm AmJh Ho$bm. nU Xgam CbQy>Z Jobm hmoVm.
{XdmirMo nmS>`mZVa ~rZmWbm ~\$ nS>m`bm gwadmV hmoVo. _{Xa
~X hmoVo. VoWrb Cgd _yVu Imbr Omoer_R>bm AmUyZ, Mma _{hZo
VoWoM nyOm AMm Ho$br OmVo. ho _hmamOmZm _m{hV hmoVo. `m_wio
~rZmWbm Om`mMr KmB H$aUo Amd`H$ hmoVo. Xwg`m {Xder
gH$mirM, _hmamO ~rZmW`m a`mZo Mmbm`bm bmJbo. JmoqdXKmQ>
Vo ~rZmW AVa 28 {H$._r. nU aVm S>m|JamVbm d nyU MT>mdmMm.
\$ma ^a^a MmbVm `oV ZhVo. {dUw`mJ H$arV amr nmSw>Ho$abm
nmohmoMbo. EH$m XodrMo XodimV amr _wH$m_ Ho$bm. nhmQ>o Amnbr
Zoh_rMr gmYZm AmQ>monyZ, gH$mir AmKmoi H$$Z nyT>o {ZKmbo.
~mOybm AbH$ZXm ZXr hmoVrM. nmUr WS>Jma hmoV.o nU _hmamOmZm
AmVm gd` Pmbr hmoVr. _Yo _Yo nm`r dmg H$aUmao gmYy ^oQ>V.
"har Amo_ dm_r' hUyZ EH$_oH$mMr {dMmanyg hmoB. Zm__aU
AmVm _hmamOmMo AV:H$aUmV {^Zbo hmoVo. PmonoV, OmJonUr,
MmbV AgVmZm X`mV Zm__aU Mmby amhr. Oam H$moR>o _ZmZo
X`mV S>moH$mdbo Va gy_ Zm__aUmMm dZr, H$mZmZm EoHy$
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 125

`oB. `m AZmhV ZmXmZo _Z AmZXmZo S>mobm`bm bmJo. hmM Vmo

emmV gm{JVbobm "AOnmOn.' gXJw$Zr {e`mbm {Xbo`m
~rO_mMm Ho$dT>m hm _{h_m. gXJw$da nyU {dmg R>odyZ Ho$bo`m
Zm__aUmMm hm ` n[aUm_. \$V {e` VodT>m VmH$XrMm nm{hOo
Am{U gXJw$ nU VodT>oM g_W Am{U Am_kmZr. ZmhrVa gJir
~mobmMrM H$T>r Am{U ~mobmMmM ^mV. AZw^dmZo _m ey`. nU
_hmamOmZm Zaqghoa _hmamOmgmaIo g_W Am_kmZr gXJw$ bm^bo
hmoVo. Xmg~moYmV nmM`m XeH$mV, Xwg`m g_mgmV gm{JVbobr
gXJw$Mr bjUo nyUnUo n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmer OwiV hmoVr.
EH$hr bjU H$_r ZhVo. `mMo _ ~rO H$go \w$H$Q> OmBb?
am_H$Umgma`m AmXe {e`mZo, Vo _ ~rO Amn`m X`mV
YmaU H$$Z `mMo dQ>djmV $nmVa Ho$bo. AmO `m dQ>djmMo
N>m`oV {H$VrVar gmYH$ d ^VJU erVb N>m`oMm AmZX KoV
AmhoV. _hmamOmZm gXJw$Mr d `mMo H$noMr AmR>dU Pmbr H$s
S>moio nmP$ bmJV. gmYH$mbm gXJw$Mo F$U H$YrM \o$S>Uo e`
Zmhr. Aer hr AgmYmaU Jw$ {e`mMr OmoS>r. {e`mZo Jw$ Mr {ZdS>
H$aVmZm gV H$~ramMr dmUr bjmV R>odbr nm{hOo. "nmZr {nZm
N>mZHo &$ Jw$ H$aZm nhMmZHo &&$' Zm__aUm`m VmbmgwamV a_V
J_V _hmamO Xwnmar MmaMo gw_mamg ~rZmWbm `oD$Z nmohmoMbo.
~rZmWbm _{hZm^a {Zdmg d gmYZm

~rZmWbm "nOm~ qgY jo' ZmdmMm `mr{Zdmg Amho.

_hmaamoS>`m {ddoH$mZX dm_tMr VoWo MmJbrM AmoiI hmoVr. `mZr
{Xbobr {M>r, gmYZmZX dm_tZm XmI{dbr. Vo VoWrb _wI hmoVo.
gmYZmZX dm_tZr _hmamOmMo dmJV Hoo$bo. `mr{Zdmg nOm~mVrb
126 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

EH$m Q>Q>Mo _mbH$sMm Amho. `mMoH$Sy>Z ngm nwa{dbm OmVmo. nOm~r

`moH$$~amo~a gmYwbmoH$mMr nU gmo` Ho$br OmVo. dm{_OtZr
_hmamOmZm EH$ Imobr {Xbr. hUmbo, _hmamO Amn gmYZmHo$ {b`o
Am`o hmo& Mmho {OVZo {XZ ah gH$Vo hmo& EH$ S>~m ^$Z ~wXrMo bmSy>
{Xbo. Vo Zm`mgmR>r Am{U Xwnma`m Ood`mMr nU gmo` Ho$br.
{Xdmirbm AOyZ nYam {Xdg AdH$me hmoVm. ZVaM ~\$ nS>m`bm
gwadmV hmoVo. ~rZmW ho Mma Ym_ nH$s EH$. ^JdmZ lrH$UmMo WmZ.
AbH$ZXo`m nwbmd$Z WmoS>o nyT>o Jobo H$s, bJoMM ~rZmWmMo ^`
_{Xa. ZmoH$arV AgVmZm _hmamO AmBbm KoD$Z ~rZmWbm `mogmR>r
Ambo hmoVo. VoWrb gd _m{hVr hmoVrM. Zmoh|~a 1980 _Yo bmoH$g^oMr
{ZdS>UyH$ hmoVr. XmoZ-VrZ {XdgmZr lr_Vr B{Xam JmYr ~rZmWbm
`oUma hmo`m. `m_wio _{XamMr d gnyU JmdmMr gm\$g\$mB Pmbr
hmoVr. ZdrZ ZdrZ aVo d amoS>bmBQ>g gJioM MH$mMH$ hmoV.o `moH$$Mo
gnyU MoH$sJ hmoV hmoVo. _hmamOmZm nU `mVyZ Omdo bmJbo.
gnUy _{hZm^a _hmamOmZr ~rZmWMo n{d n[agamV amhZ gmYZm
Ho$br. _hmamO nhmQ>o MmabmM CR>V. Vmg^a `mZ H$$Z _{XamMo
~mOybmM Agbo`m, Ja_ nm`m`m Hw$S>mV ZmZ H$arV. Xhm \y$Q>
AVamd$Z dhmUmam, AbH$ZXoMm nmT>amew^ IiIiVm dmh. nU
nmUr \$maM WS>Jma. S>m|Jamd$Z `oUm`m ~\$mMoM nmUr. AbH$ZXm
hUOo n{d JJo`m nmM dmhmnH$s EH$. JJmorhZ CJ_ nmdbobr
^mJraWr. Ho$XmaZmW OdiyZ `oUmar _Xm{H$Zr d {_bZJJm. ~rZmWMo
S>m|JamVyZ D$J_ nmdbobr AbH$ZXm d $nHw$S> Odi`m S>m|JamVyZ
{ZKUmar {nXmaJJm. ho nmMhr JJoMo _wI dmh {h_mb`mV CJ_
nmdyZ, EH$_oH$mV {_giV Imbr Xod`mJbm EH$ hmoVmV. VoWyZ nyT>o
nmnZm{eZr JJoMm dmh ^maV_mVobm gwObm_ gw\$bm_ H$arV d
`mdarb Zamom_mZm n{d H$arV, H$bH$`mMo nwT>o JJmgmJabm gmJamV
{dbrZ hmoVmo. ~rZmWMo _{Xa nhmQ>o nmMbmM XeZmgmR>r Iwbo hmoV
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 127

Ago. _hmamO ZmZ H$$Z JJm_mVobm Um_ H$arV ~rZmWMo _{XamV

nhmQ>o gmS>o nmM`m gw_mamg OmV. ~r^JdmZmMo XeZ KoD$Z nOm~
qgY jomVrb Amn`m ImobrV naVV. VoWo gmYmaU gH$mir ghm Vo
Xwnmar ~mam dmOon`V Zm__aU d `mZ gmYZoV _J AgV. n.ny.
^mD$gmho~ _hmamO d `mMo EH$ na_{e` Jw$Xod amZS>o ho nU
EH$mM OmJr, EH$mM ~R>H$sV H$_rV H$_r Mma Vo nmM Vmg
gmYZog ~gV. `mbm Vo " Zo_mbm ~gV' Ago hUV. am_H$U
_hmamOmZrnU VgoM Zo_mbm ~g`mMo R>a{dbo. Vo ~rZmWbm nmM Vo
ghm Vmg EH$mM OmJr, EH$mM AmgZmV ~gyZ gmYZ H$$ bmJbo.
nmVObr `moJmV VrZ Vmg Mmirg {_ZrQ>mMr AmgZ {gr
gm{JVbr Amho. AmgZ {g Pm`mZo earamMr hmbMmb Zmhrer
hmoD$Z Vo VY hmoVo. _Z EH$mJ hmoD$Z ~m {dMma Zmhrgo hmoVmV.
gmYH$mMm ~m OJmer g~Y VwQ>`mgmaIm hmoD$Z, `mMo _Z AVaJmV
a__mU hmoVo. AmB Hw$S>{bZr eVrMm na_ n{d Agm dmh, gd
AJmV, amo_amo_mV {\$am`bm bmJVmo. EH$Xm H$m `m eVrMm dmh
gwfwZm ZmS>rV {eabm, H$s Vmo gmYH$mMo ~R>H$sV ~gbobo eara
VmS>H$Z VmR> H$$Z Q>mH$Vmo. _yb~Y, CS>r`mZ~Y d OmbYa~Y
AmnmoAmn bmJVmV. dmg _X hmoVmo. AOnmOn VodT>m OmUdVmo.
g_mo$Z ~KUm`m _mUgmbm Z hmbUmao, mg _X Pmbobo eara nmhZ
Am` dmQ>Vo. hm {OdV Amho H$s Zmhr, BVnV eH$m `oVo. hrM g_mYr
AdWm. mMm _hmamOmZm amoO AZw^d `m`bm bmJbm. nmM
Vmgm`m Zo_mMo _hd d `mMm M_H$ma _hmamOmZm H$iyZ Ambm.
gmYZoMr JmoS>r dmT>br. amoO Am_agmMo AmH$R>nmZ KSy> bmJbo.
`mr{ZdmgmVbo amoOMo OodU gH$mir gmS>o XhmbmM hmoB. dV:
OmD$Z Vo AmUmdo bmJo. VrZ {Xdg Pmbo. Zo_ AmQ>mon`mg ~mam gmS>o
~mam hmoV. OodU gnZy OmB. gmYZmZXmZr {Xbobo bmSy> ImD$ZM _hmamO
Amnbm OR>amJr V H$arV hmoVo. gmYZmZX Ambo. `mZr _hmamOmZm
128 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

`mZmV ~rZmWmMo XeZ

d _hmamOmZm {Zamon

{dMmabo. `mo dm_rOr VrZ {XZ Amn ImZm ImZoH$mo Zhr Am`o?
{~_ma Vmo Zhr hmo? _hmamOmZr Amn`m amoO gH$mir ghm Vo ~mam
dmOon`V MmbUm`m gmYZo~b gm{JVbo. _Yo CRy>Z gmS>o Xhmbm
Amnbo OodU Ko`mg `o`m~b Ag_WVm `V Ho$br. gmYZmZX
g_Obo. gmYZonyT>o OodU nU VwN> _mZUmam gmYy nmhZ `mZm
AmZX Pmbm. Xwgao {Xder nmgyZ gH$mir gmS>o Xhmbm, Vo _hmamOmMr
Wmir doJir H$mTy>Z R>odrV. Zo_ gn`mda _hmamO Vr KoD$Z OmV.
_hmamOmZr Amn`m gXJw$Zm _Zmo_Z Z_H$ma Ho$bm. `oH$ {R>H$mUr
Vo Amn`m {e`mMr H$miOr KoV hmoVo. amrnU AerM gmYZm Mmbo.
~rZmWbm g`mH$mir ghmbmM AYma nS>o.

_hmamO Xwnmar Mma dmOVm AmOy~mOyMm n[aga nmhZ `oV.

S>m|Jam`m Amgnmg Agbo`m _{XamMr XeZo KoV. Ogo nMHo$Xma,
VgoM nM~r. (1) ~rZmWmMo _w` _{Xa (2) ~yT>m ~r (3) ^mdZm
~r (4) ^{d` ~r (5) ~rYm ~r. ^{d` ~r d ~rYm ~r
Omoer_R>Mo Odi. ~yT>m ~r d ^mdZm ~r S>m|JamMo AmOw~mOybm.
_hmamOmZr Xmohr _{XamV OmD$Z XeZ KoVbo. BVahr {R>H$mUo nm{hbr.
amKd| dm_t`m _R>mV OmD$Z, H$mZS>r nwOm`mMr ^oQ> KoVbr. AmBbm
KoD$Z `mobm Ambo AgVmZm, _hmamOmMm {Zdmg amKd| dm_r _R>mV
hmoVm. _hmamOmZm ~rZmWbm `oD$Z _{hZm hmoV hmoVm. {Xdmir gnbr
hmoVr. ZwH$VrM ~\$ nS>m`bm gwadmV Pmbr hmoVr. ~rZmWmMr Cgd
_yVu XmoZM {XdgmV Omoer_R>bm ZoUma hmoVo. gmYZmZXmZr nU
_hmamOmZm gm{JVbo H$s, XmoZ VrZ {XdgmV `mm{Zdmg ~X H$amdm bmJob.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 129

_hmamOm`m ghO Am{edmXmZo

{XjrVm`m _wbrMo bJ

_hmamOmZr ~rZmWhZ naV Om`mMr V`mar Ho$br. Zo_-gmYZm

BVH$s N>mZ Mmbbr hmoVr H$s, naV Om`bm _Z V`ma hmoV ZhVo. amr
_hmamO `mZmbm ~gbo hmoVo. `mZmV ~rZmWmMr bIbIrV
_yVu S>mo`mg_moa Ambr. nU Zoh_rMo VoO ZhVo. _hmamOmZr
Z_H$ma Ho$bm d ~rZmWmMm {Zamon KoVbm. bjnydH$ _yVuH$S>o
nm{hbo. ~rZmWmMo Xmohr S>mo`mVyZ Aly {Q>nH$V hmoVo.
_hmamOmZm Jhrd$Z Ambo. Xod-^VmMr VmQ>mVyQ> XmoKmZmhr
_mZdbr Zmhr. `mZ gnbo. gH$mir naV {ZKVmZm _hmamO ~rZmWmMo
_{XamV Job.o ^md`wV _ZmZo XeZ KoVbo. XodmMr H$Um_` _yVu ~KyZ
aSy>M H$mogibo. Vmg^a XodmMo g_moa ~gyZ _yVuH$S>o nhmV, _ZmV`m
_ZmV nmoQ>^a aS>b.o AmOhr Vmo gJ Amhmbm gmJVmZm, _hmamOm`m
S>m
o `mV Aly hmoV.o `mMo A>gmpdH$ ^md OmJV Pmbo hmoV.o Agm
Amho Xod-^VmMm o__` g~Y .

Zmoh|~a 1980 Mm eodQ>Mm AmR>dS>m. _hmamO ~rZmWhZ

Omoer_R> H$S>o nm`rM {ZKmbo. JmoqdXKmQ> H$arV, Mma {XdgmZr
Omoer_R>bm Ambo. XwnmaMo Mma dmObo hmoVo. ~gQ>S>Odi Wm~yZ
Mhm KoV hmoVo. VmoM _hmamO, _hmamO H$arV, {XjrV XwH$mZXma g_moa
Ambm. bJoMM `mZo _hmamOmMo nm` Yabo. hUmbm, _hmamO Amn
gM_wMhr ^JdmZ hmo& AmnHo$ AmerdmXgo _oao ~oQ>rH$s emXr hmo
J`r& ~g nXah {XZ hAo& AmVm _hmamOmZm AmR>dbo H$s, ~rZmWbm
OmVmZm, {XjrVMr ^oQ> Pmbr hmoVr. `mMr H$Um `oD$Z ghOM ~mobyZ
Jobo hmoVo. nU gXJw$Zr {e`mMm eX Iam Ho$bm hmoVm. {XjrV
130 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

AmXamZo _hmamOmZm Kar KoD$Z Jobm. OodU {Xbo. Iye hmoD$Z XmoZeo
n`o X{jUm {Xbr. _hmamOmZm g_OoZm, ho H$m` hmoVo? H$Yr
H$\$H$ Cnmer Va H$Yr amO`moJ. gJir gXJw$Mr H$aUr.
{e`mbm V`ma H$a`mgmR>r. amr {XjrVMo Kam`m AmogarVM
_wH$m_ Ho$bm.
{h_mb`mVrb nMHo$Xma d nM~rMo XeZ

nMHo$XmanH$s EH$ H$noa. Omoer_R>nmgyZ XmoZ {H$._r. amoS>`m

~mOybm. S>mJ| amda. H$noa _hmXodmMo XeZ `m`Mo ~mH$s hmoV.o gH$mir
ZD$Mo gw_mamg {ZKmbo. nmoMm`bm AH$am dmObo. _{Xa MmJbo CMmda.
AmOy~mOybm gd S>m|Ja. OJbm_Yo ~arM \w$bPmS>o hmoVr. `m_wio
_Y_m`m {XgV hmo`m. gm^miyZ Omdo bmJV hmoVo. _{XamV OmD$Z
XeZ KoVbo. _hmXodmMr qnS> _moR>r N>mZ hmoVr. AmV OmVmM g
dmQ>bo. _{XamV A{O~mV dXi ZhVr. S>m|JamV {ZOZ OmJr Agbobo
{R>H$mU. _{XamMm nwOmar nwT>o Ambm. gmD$WMm {XgV hmoVm. nmT>ar
bwJr, nmT>am eQ> d S>mo`mbm nmT>amM nMm. `mZo _hmamOmMr MmH$er
Ho$br. bm~yZ Ambo hQ>`mda Wm~dyZ KoVbo. _{Xam`m ~mOybm
_mVr`m ~mYbo`m XmoZ Imo`m hmo`m. `m`m q^Vr nmoH$i AgyZ
`mbm ^moHo$ hmoVr. _Y_m`m `m ^moH$mV OmD$Z _Y Q>mH$sV. q^Vt`m
Imb`m ~mOyg R>odbo`m S>_m_Yo Vmo gmR>{dbm OmB. JmiyZ KoD$Z
VmOm _Y dmnarV. amoO gH$mir Vm`m _YmZo _hmXodmbm A{^foH$
Ho$bm OmV Ago. nwOm`mZo gmX hUyZ _hmamOmZm JhmMo \w$bHo$,
VmOm _Y d nwXr`mMr MQ>Ur {Xbr. _hmXodmMm Vmo gmX \$maM MH$a
hmoVm.
amr VoWM
o _wH$m_ H$$Z Xwg`m {Xder gH$mirM ^{d` ~rbm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 131

CmaH$merbm `mU

Jobo. Omoer_R> nmgyZ gmYmaU AR>am {H$._r. AVamda. ho nM~rnH$s

EH$ {R>H$mU. OJbmVbo _{Xa. ~mOybm Ag`mZo `moH$$Mr `o Om
H$_rM. _{Xa N>moQ>ogoM nU aoIrd. _yVuMo VoO bnV ZhVo. amrMr
AmaVr H$$Z VoWoM _wH$m_ Ho$bm. Xwg`m {Xder gH$mirM {ZKyZ
_hmamO Omoer_R>Mo OdiM Agbo`m ~rYm ~rbm Ambo. _{Xa
Jmdm`m OdiM hmoVo. XeZ KoVbo. AmVm _hmamOmMo nMHo$Xma d
nM~r `mMo XeZ KoD$Z Pmbo hmoVo. gdgm_m`mZm ho gmYV Zmhr.
\$ma WmoS>m gmYy `moH$$`m ho Zer~mV AgVo. _hmamOmMo _Z
g_mYmZmZo ^$Z Jobo. S>mo`mg_moa Q>ma hmoVmM. `m_wio gd
H$mhr n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO d n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMo
BN>Zo M
o Mmbbo hmoV.o {VKmMr `mm N>mZ Mmbbr hmoVr. am_H$U
_hmamO IaoM ^m`dmZ.

WS>r H$S>m`mMr nS>m`bm bmJbr hmoVr. Xwgao {Xder gH$mir

{ZKyZ a`mbm bmJbo. AmVm CmaH$merbm Om`Mo hmoVo. aVm MmJbm
_moR>m hmoVm. WmoS>o AVa `mJMo {XeoZo Mmbbo. _mJyZ AmdmO Ambm.
_hmamO H$hm OmZm h? EH$ A~ogS>a H$ma C^r hmoVr. _mJrb XadmOm
CKSy>Z EH$ _`_dJu` JhW {dMmaV hmoVo. d` gmYmaU nmg
nMmd Agmdo. H$ma_Yo EH$Q>oM hmoVo. `mJ hQ>`mda `mZr
AmJhmZo H$ma_Yo ~gdyZ KoVbo. _hmamOm`m Moh`mdaMo emV,
gmpdH$ ^md nmhZ naH$m _mUyg bJoMM AmH${fV hm`Mm.
nydunU Iyn doim Ago KS>bo Amho. AmOhr `mV H$mhr ~Xb
Zmhr. JhW nOm~r hmoVo. H$ma_Yo _hmamOm~amo~a ~aoM ~mobUo Pmbo.
_hmamO C{ejrV AgyZ, aodoMr ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z {h_mb`mV Vn`m
132 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

H$aVmV. ho g_O`mda `m nOm~r JhWmZm Iyn Am` dmQ>bo.

dmQ>oV `mMo ~amo~a Mhm ZmVm Pmbm. _hmamO AH$amMo gw_mamg
`mJbm `oD$Z nmohmoMbo.
`mJbm _hmamOmMo gm_mZmMr Mmoar d
nmobrgmH$Sy>Z emoY

`mJbm AbH$ZXm d _Xm{H$Zr m XmoZ ZmMm gJ_ Amho.

amoS>`m ~mOybm nwbmMm H$>m hmoVm. `mda gmYy doemVbm EH$ _mUyg
~gbm hmoVm. `mJMmM ahmUmam. _hmamO `mMoer ~mobbo.
_hmamOmZm ~huXeobm Om`Mo hmoVo. `m _mUgmOdi OdiMr {nedr
R>odbr d ~mOybm XaS> CV$Z Jobo. da `oD$Z nhmVmV Va Vmo _mUyghr
Zmhr Am{U {nedr nU Zmhr. {nedrV H$nS>o d Amd`H$ gm_mZ
hmoVo. ngo WmoS>ogoM. nU Vo Odi hmoVo. AmVm H$m` H$amdo Agm {dMma
H$$ bmJbo. na_oamMr BN>m. g_moaM EH$ nmobrgmMo MoH$ nmoQ>
{Xgbo. `mZm gmJyZ nhmdo, Ago dmQ>bo. MoH$ nmoQ>`m nmobrgmgmo~V
JmdmVrb XmoZ nmobrg ~gbo hmoVo. S>Q>rdaM hmoVo. `mZm _hmamOmZr
gd hH$sH$V gm{JVbr. `m AZmoiIr _mUgmMo dUZ Ho$bo. ~hVoH$
gmYy doemVbm Vmo _mUyg b\$Jm Agmdm. nmobrg `mbm AmoiIV
hmoVo. _hmamO Amn `hr H$mo& h_ Cgo XoIVo h& hUyZ XmoKoOU _moQ>a
gm`H$bda dma hmoD$Z {d {Xeog Jobo. A`m VmgmMo AmV nmobrg
_hmamOmMr {nedr KoD$Z naV Ambo. _hmamO XoImo, `hr AmnH$s
Wbr h Zm? MoH$ H$abmo& g~ gm_mZ h `m Zhr& Amn g_PVo dgo,
{h_mb`_o g~ bmoJ, AN>o Zhr h& Oam `mZgo ahmo& _hmamO
AmoemidmUo Pmbo. {nedr Vnmgbr. gd gm_mZ d H$nS>o VgoM hmoVo.
Mmoambm Cn`moJr Ago {nedrV H$mhrM ZhVo. AmoiIn _hdmMo
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 133

_hmamOmMr {^jmXohr
ZVa Xod`mJbm AmJ_Z

hmoVo. Vo _m gwa{jV hmoVo. nmobrgmZm Y`dmX XoD$Z _hmamO `mJ

JmdmH$S>o {ZKmbo.

Xwnma Pmbr hmoVr. nmoQ>mVbr ^yH$ OmJr Pmbr. {^jmXohr H$amdr

hUyZ _hmamO `mJ JmdmV Jobo. _ZmMm A{^_mZ Zmhrgm
hmo`mgmR>r, {^jmXho r \$maM Cn`moJr Amho. gXJw $ Mm AmXoeM
Vgm hmoVm. {^jm _mJVmZm _hmamO, ^JdVJrVoVrb EImXm bmoH$
hUrV. Odi Odi gnUy ^JdVJrVm _hmamOmZm nmR> hmoVr. _Q>rH$bm
gH$V_Yo MmJbo _mH$g {_imbo hmoVo. bhmZnUr nmR>mVa. ZVa
^JdVJrVoMm A`mg. EH$m Kamg_moa C^o am{hbo. JrVoVrb nYamdm
A`m` nwfmom_ `moJ. `mVrb nmMdm bmoH$ hUm`bm gwadmV Ho$br.
AmdmO dN> Am{U J^ra.
{Z_mZ_mohm {OVgJXmofm
A`m_{Z`m {d{ZdmH$m_m:&
{d_wVm: gwIXw:Igk
JN>`_yT>m: nX_`` VV&&5&&
Oo ImoQ>r {V>m, _moh Am{U AgV gJmnmgyZ _wV AmhoV. Oo
{Z`d OmUVmV. ^m{VH$ dmgZoVyZ Oo _wV Pmbo AmhoV Am{U Oo
_moha{hV hmoD$Z na_nwfmbm eaU H$go Omdo ho OmUVmV, `mZm `m
emdV Y_mMr mr hmoVo.
Ka ~mU JhWmMo hmoVo. bmoH$ EoHy$Z Zdam ~m`H$mo XmoKoOU
~mhoa Ambo. gmYyZ m ~KyZ M{H$V Pmbo. EdT>m IUIUrV AmdmOmVbm
gH$V bmoH$. H$moUrVar doX gn ~mU Agbo nm{hOoV. Ago dmQ>bo
134 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

hmoVo. `mZr _hmamOmZm KamV ~mobmdbo. nU _hmamOmZr Z_nUo ZH$ma

{Xbm. ^anya {^jm KamVyZ AmUbr d _hmamOm`m PmoirV Q>mH$br.
Imbr dmHy$Z Z_H$ma Ho$bm. nmoQ>mnwaVr {^jm {_imbr H$s, _hmamO
nwT>o OmV ZgV. gmYyZo gJh H$$ Z`o. CmMr qMVm na_oambm.
AmnU H$m` hUyZ qMVoMo AmoPo ~miJm`Mo Agm d^md.
gmYZobm nyUnUo AZwHy$b. _hmamO naV {\$abo. Odi`m XodimV
OmD$Z ~gbo. gd {^jm EH$ Ho$br. gXJw$Zm Zdo XmI{dbm. ZVa
{^jm-gmX JhU Ho$bm. eara OJ{d`mgmR>r Vo Amd`H$M hmoVo.
WmoS>r {dlmVr KoD$Z, Xod`mJH$S>o nm`rM {ZKmbo. {S>g~| a 1980
Mm n{hbm AmR>dS>m. lrZJa, {H$VuZJa H$arV, VrZ {XdgmZr
Xod`mJbm Ambo. am^a VoWoM _wH$m_ Ho$bm. nhmQ>oMr gmYZm
AmQ>monbr. VoWo OmoJrdmS>mV H$mhr gm_mZ R>odbo hmoVo. `mMr MmH$er
Ho$br. dm_r ^JVam_Or hmoVo. Vo hUmbo, _hmamO ~hV {XZ hmo J`o&
Amn Am`o Zhr& h_ bmoH$ g_Po, Amn ^JdmZH$mo `mao hmo J`o&
{h_mb`_o H$B gmYy bmnVm hmo OmVo h& `hmH$s nhmS>r KmQ>r`m ~hV
Iam~ h& _hamOmMo gm_mZ H$moUrVar Zobo hmoVo. na_oamMr BN>m.
_hmamO H$mhrM Z ~mobVm VoWyZ naV {\$abo.
_hmamOmMo Q>ohar`m H$U_{XamV
JrVoda dMZ

_hmamO Xod`mJ`m ~gQ>S>da Ambo. EH$ m`hoQ> ~g C^rM

hmoVr. Q>oharn`V OmUmar. {VH$sQ> nmM n`o. _hmamO ~g_Yo ~gbo.
A`m VmgmZo ~g dm`mZr ^abr. _JM {ZKmbr. AVa gmYmaU
70 {H$._r. hiyhiy Wm~V Wm~V, dm`mMr MT> CVma H$arV, gmS>Vo rZ
Mma VmgmZVa ~g Q>oharbm nmohmoMbr. Q>ohar ho nydu`m amOmMo gWmZ.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 135

Mmar ~mOybm S>m|Ja. _Yo Jmd. amOdmS>mMo Adeof {XgV hmoVo.

^mJraWr Am{U {_bJZm ZXrMm _moR>m gwXa gJ_. _Xm{H$Zrbm `oWo
{_bJZm hUyZ g~moYbo OmVo. gJ_mMo ~mOybmM dm_r am_VrWmMo
g_mYr _{Xa Amho. _hmamO VoWo Jobo. XeZ KoVbo. XwnmaMo OodU
{_imbo. dm_r am_VrW amoO gJ_mMo nm`mV C^o amhZ Vn`m H$arV.
nU EH$Xm ^mod`mV AS>H$bo Am{U JJobm XohmMr AmhVr {_imbr.
g`mH$mir OdiM Agbo`m H$U_{XamV Jobo. lrH$UmMr
~mb_yVu \$maM gwXa hmoVr. _hmamO EH$Q>H$ nhmVM ~gbo. _{XamMo
~mOybm nOm~r bmoH$mMr Xhm ~mam KamMr dVr. ~m`H$m XeZmbm
Am`m hmo`m. _hmamO C\y$VnUo JrVoMm nYamdm A`m` IS>m
AmdmOmV hUy bmJbo.
D$d_yb_K:emI_W mha``_&
gnyU A`m` EH$m VmbmV, IS>m AmdmOmV hQ>bm. AmVyZM
oaUm Pmbr hmoVr. nOm~r ~m`H$m nyOogmR>r Ambo`m. EH$_oH$sZm
hUy bmJ`m. H$moB _hmnS>rV {XIVm h& ~R>mo ~R>mo, gwZmo& XeZ
H$a|Jo & hUyZ _hmamOm`m AmOy~mOybm ~g`m. JrVmnmR> gn`mZVa,
`mZr _hmamOmMo nm`mda S>mHo $o R>do Zy XeZ KoVbo. H$mhr ~m`H$m bJmobJ
Kar OmD$Z XmoZ bmg XyY, {MHy$, Ho$ir B. \$io KoD$Z Am`m. AmJhmZo
_hmamOmZm XyY d \$bmhma `m`bm bmdbm. X{jUm {Xbr. AYma
Pmbm hmoVm. _hmamOmMr ahm`mMr `dWm H$amd`mMr hmoVr. gJio
\$_rbr _|~a hmoVo. `mMoH$S>o ahmUo e` ZhVo. EH$ hmVmao nOm~r
JhW EH$Q>oM ahmV hmoVo. Vo hUmbo, _hmamO AmO amV Amn _oao gmW
ahmo& bmoH$m`m AmJhmd$Z _hmamOmZr JrVoda N>moQ>ogo dMZ Ho$bo.
H$U^VrMo __ g_OmdyZ gm{JVbo. gdmZm Iyn g_mYmZ dmQ>bo.
nwOmar nU ^m{dV Pmbo. am^a _hmamO nOm~r H$mbZrV am{hbo.
gH$mir CRy>Z nwT>`m dmgmg {ZKmbo.
136 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hmamOmMr CmaH$merV dm_r

gmYZmZXmMr ^oQ> d ahm`mMr `dWm

Q>ohar Vo CmaH$mer, AVa 60 {H$._r. _hmamOmZr {h_mMb Xoe

Q>mnmoQ> H$manmoaoeZMr ~g nH$S>br. {h_mb`mVrb gd aVo EHo$ar d
MT> CVma Am{U diUm diUmMo. `m_wio gd dmhZo hiy hiy,
EH$_oH$mZm dmQ> XoV, gW JVrZo MmbV. 60 {H$._r. AVamgmR>r gmS>o
VrZ Vmg bmJbo. CmaH$merbm Am`mda S>mo`mg_moaMm Q>ma pWa
Pm`mgmaIm dmQ>bm. _hmamO g_Obo H$s, AmVm gXJw$Mr BN>m
`oWoM amhZ gmYZ H$a`mMr Amho. ~Ky `m H$m` hmoVo Vo ! ahm`mMr
`dWm Zaqghoa _hmamOM H$aVrb. Mma nmM gmYy _hmamOmH$S>o
Ambo. hUmbo, Mbmo dm_rOr, OXr Mbmo& ^S>mam h& _hmamO
gmYy`m _mJmo_mJ Jobo. gn>r ^S>mam ~amM _moR>m hmoVm. gmYy bmoH$
Amn`m Odirb WmirV, ^mS>mV A KoV hmoV.o _hmamOmZr Amn`m
Odirb nmVo`mV gd gmX EH$M KoVbm. VoWoM EH$m ~mOybm
~gbo. gXJw$Zm Zdo XmIdyZ ^moOZ Ho$bo. Oam WH$`mgmaIo dmQ>V
hmoVo. VoWoM PmS>mImbr AmS>do Pmbo. Vmg^a {dlmVr KoVbr.
ZmoH$arV AgVmZm _hmamO CmaH$merbm `oD$Z Jobo hmoVo. Mma
{Xdg gmo_ml_mV _wH$m_ hmVm. dm_r gmYZmZXmMr AmoiI hmoVr.
MmH$er H$arV gmo_ml_mV nmohmoMbo. CmaH$merV ~arM gwYmaUm Pmbr
hmoVr. gdM ~Xbbo hmoV.o `m_wio {dMmanyg H$amdr bmJbr. gmo_ml_mV
dm_r gmYZmZX ZhVo. Vo da`m ~mOyg Agbo`m H$moQ>oa _hmXodmMo
_{XamV Jobo hmoVo. _hmamO VoWo Jobo. dm_r gmYZmZXmZm Amnbr
AmoiI gm{JVbr. ZmoH$arV AgVmZmMm mn{MH$ dof. AmVm nyU
gmYwd. XmT>r ^anya dmT>bobr, gmYZo`m VoOm_wio Moham Iwbbobm.
_w~BMr AmR>dU {X`mda `mZr AmoiIbo. Amn am_H$U Hw$bH$Uu!
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 137

A^r `mX Am`m& EH$ ZmoH$ar H$aUmam VU IamoIaM gmYy Pmbm ho

nmhZ AmM` Va dmQ>boM. nU AmZXhr Pmbm. BVHo$ dfm`m
AZw^dmZo, `mZm Iam gmYy d nmoQ>mWu gmYy bJoM AmoiIy `oB.
_hmamOmZm gd VhoMr _XV H$a`mMr BN>m `mMo AV:H$aUmV Cn
Pmbr. g`mH$mi Pmbr hmoVr. gmYZmZX hUmbo, dm_rMr AmO
amV Amn `hr ahmo& H$b gw~h {ZMo gmo_ml__o AmOmB`o& Ago hUyZ
Vo Imbr {ZKyZ Jobo.
H$moQ>oa _hmXodmMo _{Xam`m ~mOybm nmM Imo`m hmo`m. Mma
gmYy VoWo ahmV hmoVo. _{Xam`m n[aga d ImobrVnU Iyn H$Mam hmoVm.
_hmamOmZr PmSy> _mJyZ KoVbm. W_ _{XamMm n[aga dN> Ho$bm.
ZVa Imobr. hmV nm` Vm|S> YwdyZM ImobrV doe Ho$bm. nwOmar d gmYy
`mZm Zdb dmQ>bo. gmYy hmo Ho$ ^r IwX g\$mB H$aVm h& amr `mZ
H$$Z Amn`m Odirb WmoS>m {MdS>m Imm Am{U Pmonr Jobo.
H$S>m`mMr WS>r. emV dmVmdaU. nhmQ>oMo gmYZ N>mZ Pmbo. gd
AmQ>mno Zy Imbr gmo_ml_mV Job.o dm_r gmYZmZXmZr _hmamOmMo dmJV
Ho$bo. EH$ Imobr ahm`bm {Xbr. Aml_mV\}$ EH$ doi OodUmMr gmo`
Ho$br. hUmbo, _hmamO Amn `hm Amam_go ahH$a gmYZ H$amo& `hm
Ym{_H$ {H$Vm~moH$s ~S>r bm`~ar h& Amn CgH$m BV_mb H$a gH$Vo
hmo&
CmaH$merV dmV` Am{U n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMm kmZgmYZogmR>r >mV

XmoZ {XdgmZr _hm_S>bo a Aml_mV lr. Am{X` {~bm d `m`m

_mVmolr Am`m hmo`m. gmYy bmoH$mZm XmZY_ H$arV hmoVo. `mMm _ZoOa
gmYyM
o AmoiIn nmhZ a{OQ>a_Yo Zm|X H$$Z KoV hmoVm. gmYZmZXmZr
138 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hmamOmZm AmoiI {Xbr. "am_H$U ~Mmar' hUyZ a{OQ>a_Yo

Zm|X Ho$br. _hmamO `mMo~amo~a Bbre_Yo ~mobbo. {~bmOtZr
_hmamOmMr {dMmanyg Ho$br. `mZm VmQ>, dmQ>r, bmoQ>r, doQ>a, bHo$Q>,
MhmMo ^mS>o, Mhm-gmIa dJao {Xbo. gXJw$Mr BN>m Agob Vmon`V
CmaH$merbm ahmdo Agm {dMma Ho$bm. H$`mUbm lr. AaqdX
Hw$bH$Uu `mMoH$S>o n`dhma H$$Z ngo _mJ{dbo. _hmamOm`m
noeZMo ngo, H$`mU`m _wa~mS> amoS> `oWrb Q>oQ> ~Ho$`m emIoV
O_m hmoV hmoVo. AmVm Aml_mV ahm`Mo hUOo Ood`m Im`mgmR>r
nemMr JaO hmoVrM. gmYmaU 2022 {XdgmZr ngo Am`mda, Vo
gmYZmZXmH$S>o {Xbo. AmVm {^jmXho r H$a`mMr JaO ZhVr. CmaH$mer
nhmS>mVbo {ZgJa` WmZ. \$ma CMrda Zg`mZo WS>rMm H$S>mH$m
H$_r. gmYZog `mo` dmVmdaU. B.g. 1981 _Ybm OmZodmar _{hZm
gw$ Pmbm hmoVm. EH$m amr n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO dZmV Ambo.
~amo~a n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO hmoVM
o . hUmbo, am_H$Um AmVm
`mZm~amo ~ a kmZgmYZm nU gw $ H$a. em g_Omdy Z
KoV`m{edm` Am_~moY hmoUma Zmhr. `oWo bm`~ar AmhoM. Vy
dmMV Om. _m`m H$noZo Vwbm bJoMM AW~moY hmoBb
. dZXeZ
nU `jmgmaIo n> hmoVo. _hmamOmZr XmoKmZm Z_H$ma Ho$bm.
`mZr AmerdmX {Xbm. Vo dZXeZ gnyM Z`o Ago dmQ>V hmoVo.
gXJw$Mr H$nm>r ~KyZ am_H$UmZm Jhrd$Z Ambo. bJoMM OmJ
Ambr. S>mo`mVyZ Aly nmPaV hmoVo. gd AVaJ EH$ H$ma`m {X`
AmZXmZo ^abo hmoVo. `mVM nhmQ> Pmbr. WmoS>o \o$e hmoD$Z _hmamO
`mZmbm ~gbo. bJoMM `mZ bmJbo. gXJw$ H$noMo H$dM
bm^`mda gmYH$mbm H$emMr H$_VaVm?

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 139

CmaH$merV _hmamOmMr kmZgmYZm

AmVm _hmamOmZr gmYZmMr {XZM`m WmoS>r ~Xbbr. nhmQ>o VrZ

Vo gH$mir AmR> dmOon`V Zm__aU, `mZgmYZm. _J Mhm nmUr,
AmKmoi. WmoS>r gmYZmZX dm_ter MMm. `mMo JW dmMZ d kmZgmYZm
Iyn _moR>r hmoVr. MM}VyZ ~amM`m Z C_Jbo`m Jmo>r H$iyZ `oV.
gH$mir AH$am gmS>oAH$ambm OodU. Vmg^a {dlmVr. Xwnmar EH$
dmOonmgyZ nmM dmOon`V, Ym{_H$ nwVH$mMo A`mgnyU dmMZ. JrVm
ogMr Iyngmar nwVHo$. ~hVoH$ qhXrV, H$mhr _amR>r nwVHo$nU hmoVr.
_hmamOmMo ZmoH$arMo H$mbmdYrV, _` Xoe d Cma Xoe _Yo ~arM
df} dmV` hmoVo. `m_wio qhXr ^mfoMm MmJbm n[aM` Pmbobm. JW
dmMyZ g_O`mg H$mhrM AS>MU nS>br Zmhr. naV gXJw$Mr
H$nm>r hmoVrM. Vgo `mZr dV: AmmgZ {Xbobo. g`mH$mir WmoS>m
AmOy~mOy`m n[agamMm \o$a\$Q>H$m. amr OodU ZhVoM. XmoZ Vmg
`mZ H$$Z amr gmS>o ZD$ dmOon`V Pmonr OmV. {h_mb`mV bdH$a
COmS>V Ag`mZo gd bmoH$ amr ZD$ gmS>o ZD$ n`V Pmonr OmV.
CmaH$merV nwH$i Aml_ AmhoV. am_VrW Aml_, eH$a_R>,
~m~m_R>, dJml_ B. nU AmoiIr{edm` OmJm {_iUo _wH$sb.
gXJw$ZrM OmJoMr `dWm Ho$br. kmZgmYZoMr Amkm {Xbr.
{e`mbm AOyZ H$m` nm{hOo? Jw$Amkm _mU hUyZ Mmbm`Mo.
gXJw $ da nyU {dmg R>Do $Z gmYZm H$am`Mr hoM {e`mMo H$m_.
doi Ambr H$s gd H$mhr hmoVo. Ym{_H$ JWmMo A`mgnydH$ dmMZ
Mmby hmoVo. d$n gXm`mMm Am_m hUOo Xmg~moY. gwadmVrnmgyZ
`mMo {Z` dmMZ hmoVoM. nU AmVm `mVrb J{^VmW _ZmV R>gV
hmoVm. AmZX dmT>V hmoVm. ^JdVJrVm gH$V_Ybr Odi Odi nmR>
140 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hmamO JJmorV

hmoVr. `mdarb Q>rH$m kmZoar. `oH$ bmoH$mMo _amR>rV {ddaU.

\$maM gwX a. gwX a gwX a {Z` `dhmamVrb CXmhaUo XoD$Z, {df` nQ>dZy
Xo`mMr kmZoa _mD$btMr H$bm. nYam gmoim df} d`mVrb _mD$btMo
AJmY kmZ ~KyZ _hmamO WH$ Pmbo. kmZoa hUOo kmZr`mMm
Bda. Ho$dT>o gmW Zmd! Cn{ZfXo hUOo doXmVrb Am_kmZmMm
^mJ. _hmamOmZr Cn{ZfXmMm A`mg H$a`mg gwadmV Ho$br.
H$R>mo C n{ZfX, _m S y > H$ Cn{ZfX, _m S y > H$ Cn{ZfXmdaMr
Jm S > n mXmMm`m M r H$m{Q> H $m _hmamOm Z m dmMm`bm {_imbr.
Zmon{ZfX, ~hXma`H$ Cn{ZfX, Ho$Zmon{ZfX, V{mar`mon{ZfX B.
gd Cn{ZfXmMr nwVHo$ bm`~arV hmoVr. hiyhiy gdmMm A`mg
H$am`bm gwadmV Ho$br. XmoZ _{hZo Pmbo. S>mo`mg_moaMm Q>ma
AmVmn`V pWa hmoVm. Vmo AmVm hbm`bm bmJbm. JJmorH$S>Mr
{Xem XmIdrV hmoVm. _hmamOmZm H$iyZ MwH$bo. AmVm gXJw$Mr
BN>m JJmor O_Zmor `mm H$a`mMr Amho.

E{b 1981 Mm gw_ma. WmoS>o\$ma O$arnyV} gm_mZ KoVbo. dm_r

gmYZmZXmMr AZw_Vr KoVbr. _hmamO JJmor `mogmR>r {ZKmbo.
gH$mir XhmMo gw_mamg EH$ m`hoQ> ~g {_imbr. hiyhiy S>m|JaX`m
nma H$arV ^Q>dmS>r, ^mbm, ha{gb, bH$m H$arV ^adKmQ>rbm nmoMm`bm
g`mH$mir nmM dmObo. ^adKmQ>rbm Zmdm_mUoM {Vhr ~mOybm
S>m|Ja. EH$ {H$._r. ~mOyZo JJmorhZ {ZKUmar ^mJraWr dmhVo. _hmamO
^adKmQ>rbmM CVabo. XmoZ {Xdg A`m gwXa {ZgJmMo gm{`mV
amhZ gmYZm H$amdr d _J nwT>o Omdo Ago dmQ>bo. _ZmV `oUmao
{dMmanU gXJw$MoM. `mMrM BN>m _mU _mZyZ ^adKmQ>rbm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 141

_wH$m_ H$Ho$bm. _hmamOmMo _Z nyUnUo gXJw$_` Pmbo hmoVo. OdiM

EH$ ~`mnH$s _moR>o _hmXodmMo _{Xa hmoVo. Jo`m~amo~a nwOm`mZo
_hmamOmMm _ZmoX` bjmV `oD$Z, ahm`mMr `dWm Ho$br. XmoZ {Xdg
VoWo amhZ `mZ gmYZm Ho$br. EH$mVmV gmYH$mMo _Z Iyn bdH$a
EH$mJ hmoV.o gmYZoMm-`mZmMm AmZX H$mhr AmaM AgVmo. {h_mb`mV
_hmamOmZm nXmonXr `mMm AZw^d `oV hmoVm.
{Vgao {Xder gH$mirM ^adKmQ>rhZ nm`rM JJmorbm {ZKmbo.
AVa 10 {H$._r. BV`m gH$mir ~gnU ZhVr. Zm__aU H$arV,
{ZgJ gmX`mMo AdbmoH$Z H$arV, _hmamO Xwnmar ~mamMo gw_mamg
JJmorbm nmohmoMbo. Jmd N>mQo >go M
o . JJM
o o N>mZ _{Xa. Am eH$amMm`mZr
WmnZ Ho$bob.o _{XamV JJM
o r gJ_adar _yVu AgyZ, nm`mer gadVr,
`_wZm, lrJUoe d eH$amMm`m`m _yVu AmhoV. _{Xa g_w gnmQ>rnmgyZ
gw_mao Xhm hOma \y$Q> CMmda Amho. amOm ^JraWmZo Vn`m H$$Z
JJm_mVobm dJmVZy Imbr AmUbo. {VMm A_`mX Agm dmh, ^JdmZ
eH$amZr W_ Amn`m OQ>Vo YmaU Ho$bm. _JM `mbm ndrda gmoS>b.o
^JraWmZo Vn`m Ho$bobr {eim, _{XamMo ~mOybmM Amho. JJoMo nmUr
WS>Jma d nmT>ao ew^. _hmamOmZr `mV AmKmoi Ho$br. VoWyZ ^mJraWr
ZmdmZo JJm Imbr harmaH$S>o OmVo.
nU JJoMm Iam CJ_ Jmo_wImnmgyZ. JJmorn`V ~gMm aVm.
nU Jmo_wI nwT>o 19 {H$._r. AVamda. OJbmVbr IS>Va nm`dmQ>.
_moOHo$M `moH$$ d gmYybmoH$ nm`rM Jmo_wImn`V OmV. _hmamOmZm
JJmor_Yo XS>r_R>mV OmJm {_imbr. XS>r_R> hm Zonmir bmoH$mMm.
`moH$$ gmYy h>UyZ _hmamOmZm OmJm {_imbr. \$V ^mV Am_Q>rMo
OodU. JJmorbm XmoZ {Xdg am{hbo. AmOy~mOyMm n[aga ~KVmZm,
EH$m Aml_mVyZ _amR>r ^OZmMm AmdmO EoHy$ Ambm. _hmamO AmV
Jobo. VrZ Mma gmYy _amR>r ^OZo VmbmgwamV hUV hmoVo. _hmamO
`mMo Odi ~gbo. gV VwH$mam_mMm A^J Mmby hmoVm.
142 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

ho{M XmZ XoJm Xodm, VwPm {dga Z hmdm&

JwU JmBZ AmdS>r, ho{M _mPr gd OmoS>r&&
ZbJo _wVr YZ gnXm, gV gJ XoB gXm&
VwH$m hUo J^dmgr, gwIo Kmbmdo Amhmgr&&
_hmamO VrZ hmoD$Z gwamV gya {_giyZ hUy bmJbo. Odi
Odi AYm Vmg. ^OZmZr H$mZ V Pmbo. _ZmVrb ^md OmJV Pmbm.
ZVa {dMmanyg Pmbr. _hmam>r`Z gmYy ^oQ>`mZo `mZm AmZX Pmbm.
JJmornmgyZ Jmo_wIn`VMm H$R>rU dmg

Xwgao {Xder gH$mirM, _hmamO OJbmV`m MT>mdmMo nm`dmQ>oZo

Jmo_wImH$S>o {ZKmbo. mUdm`w dmVmdaUmV H$_r Ag`mZo X_ bmJV
hmoVm. a`mV H$mhr gmYwbmoH$ ^oQ>bo. `m`m gmo~VrZo {ZKmbo.
Jmo_I
w mbm nmohmoM`mg XmoZ {Xdg bmJbo. _Yo _wH$m_ H$amdm bmJbm.
Jmo_wIbm ~\$mMrM ZXr Amho. `mVyZM ^mJraWr ZXr CJ_ nmdVo.
{h_mb`mVbo ~mam hOma \w$Q>mdaMo _moR>o H$R>rU {R>H$mU. H$bH$`mMo
bmb~m~m dm_tMm N>mQo >mgm Aml_ hmoVm. VoWo `oUm`m ^VmZm, gmYyZ m
Vo ^mV Am_Q>rMo OodU gmX hUyZ XoV. CMmda S>mi ^mV {eOUo
_hmH$R>rU. `m_wio ^mV WmoS>m H$mM hmoVm. Am_Q>r nmUrXma nU
M{d>. H$bH$`mMo eoQ> bmoH$ hobrH$mQ>aZo Ym`mMm d BVa gm_mZmMm
nwadR>m H$arV. H$bmg ndV AOyZhr CMmda. VoW`m WS>rMr H$nZm
H$aUoM H$R>rU. Jmo_I
w `m WS>rVM hS>hS >r ^aV hmoVr. H$bmg ndVmda
nm`r OmUo, _mZdm`m Amdm`m~mhoaMo. Jmo_wIbm amh XoV ZgV.
XeZ d gmX KoD$Z _hmamO JJmorbm naV {ZKmbo. naVrbm nU XmoZ
{Xdg bmJbo. Mma {Xdg JJmorbm XS>r_R>mV amhZ `mZ gmYZ Ho$bo.
ZVa CmaH$merbm ~gZo naV Ambo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 143

_hmamOmMr `_wZmor `mobm gwadmV

_hmamO WmoS>o {Xdg CmaH$merV am{hbo. H$`mUbm n`dhma

hmoVmM. VoWyZ nmR>{dbobr _ZrAmS>a {_imbr. lr. AnmMo nU
`>rhZ n Ambo hmVo. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m g_mYr _{XamMo
dmT>rd ~mYH$m_ nyU hmoV Ambo hmoVo. B.g. 1981 Mm _o _{hZm gw$
Pmbm hmoVm. AmVm `_wZmorbm OmD$Z, XeZ KoD$Z `o`mMo _hmamOmZr
R>a{dbo. _moOHo$M gm_mZ ~amo~a KoVbo. ~mH$s gmo_ml_mV R>odbo.
S>mo`mg_moaMm Q>ma `_wZmorMrM {Xem XmI{dV hmoVm.
_hmamO CmaH$merhZ ~gZo Yamgybm Ambo. 28 {H$._r. AVamg
~gZo XrS> Vmg KoVbm. YamgyhZ EH$ _mJ Q>oharH$S>o Imbr OmVmo d
Xwgam _mJ ~aH$moQ>m _mJ} da `_wZmorbm OmVmo. gH$miMo gmS>o AH$am
dmObo hmoVo. Yamgybm OodU Ho$bo. VoWyZ ~gZo ~aH$moQ>mbm OmD$Z,
Xwg`m ~gZo hZw_mZM>rbm nmohmoMbo. Yamgy Vo hZw_mZM>r AVa 95
{H$._r. nmohM`mg amr AmR> dmObo. `_wZmorbm OmVmZm hZw_mZM>r
hm ~gMm eodQ>Mm Q>mn. nwT>o nm`rM Omdo bmJVo. hZw_mZM>rbm amr
EH$m Y_emioV _wH$m_ Ho$bm. gH$mir bdH$aM, `_wZmorbm
Om`mgmR>r nm`rM {ZKmbo. H$mhr `moH$$ KmoS>mda d S>mobrVyZ OmV
hmoVo. hZw_mZM>r Vo `_wZmor AVa 13 {H$._r. nU dmQ> \$ma AdKS>.
Xwnmar EH$ dmOon`V nmohmoMbo, Va naV `oVm `oVo. ahm`mMr gmo`
Zmhr. hUyZ gd dmgr da Om`mMr KmB H$aVmV. dmQ>oV \y$bM>r d
OmZH$s~mBM>r Amho.

144 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

{ZgJa` `_wZmorMo XeZ

d naV CmaH$merV

OmZH$s~mBM>r Vo `_wZmor AVa \$V 6 {H$._r. nU hmM aVm

Iyn AdKS> Amho. S>m|Jam`m H$S>o H$S>oZo da Omdo bmJVo. ~mOybm
{h_mb` ndVm`m amJm. ~\$mZo AmN>mXbo`m. gy`{ H$aU `mda nS>bo
H$s, gd ndVamer gmoZoar H$memZo bIbIyZ OmVmV. {ZgJmMm hm
AZwn_ gmohim, _mUgmMo S>moio Va {XndyZ Q>mH$VmoM. nU _Zhr g
H$aVmo. `m_wio dmgmMm erU Xohmbm OmUdbm Var _Zmbm A{O~mV
OmUdV Zmhr. _hmamOmMo S>moio, na_oamZo {Z_mU Ho$bo`m {ZgJmMo
AdbmoH$Z H$arV hmoVo. Va _Z `m`m brboZo ^mamdyZ OmD$Z
`mMoM Zm__aU H$arV hmoVo. ^VragmMo AmH$R>nmZ H$arV
AgVmZm, _hmamOmMm Am_m `m {ZJwU {ZamH$ma, na_m`mMo
gJw U $nmer OdirH$ gmYrV hmo V m. A`m _ J b_`
dmVmdaUmV Xohm_~wrMr AmR>dU gmYH$mbm ahmV Zmhr. Vmo
na_m_$nmer EH$$n hmoD$Z OmVmo. _hmamOmMr AmV[aH$ pWVr
mnojm doJir ZhVr. WmoS>ogo Zm__aU Pmbo. gXJw$Mr AmR>dU
Pmbr H$s, `mMo _Z ^md$n hmoD$Z Vo Am_mZXmV VrZ hmoD$Z
OmV. AmOy~mOy`m n[apWVrMo ^mZ ahmV Zgo. MmbV AgVmZmM
^mdg_mYrV {H$VrVar doi {ZKyZ OmB.
_hmamO Xwnmar ~mamMo gw_mamg `_wZmorbm `oD$Z nmohmoMbo. gmS>o
Xhm hOma \y$Q> CMrdaMo {R>H$mU. `_wZmorbm Ja_ nm`mMo Hw$S> Amho.
`mV ZmZ Ho$bo H$s, dmgmMm erU Zmhrgm hmoVmo. ~mOybmM `_wZm
XodrMo _{Xa Amho. Xodr `_wZm, lrH$U d `_ `m`m _yVu AmhoV.
_hmamOmZr Ja_ nm`mMo Hw$S>mV AmKmoi H$$Z, `_wZm XodrMo XeZ
KoVbo. VoWo gmX hUyZ S>mi VmXi
y {_imbo. Vo EH$m \$S>`mV ~mYbo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 145

{Od ~ Eo`mMm
emmoV JWmmao A`mg

~mOy`m V Hw$S>mV Vo \$S>Ho$ Xhm {_ZrQ>o ~wS>{dbo. bJoMM {IMS>r

V`ma. {VM gmX hUyZ `moH$$ JhU H$aVmV. `_wZmXodr _{Xam`m
~mOyZoM, `_wZm ZXrMm dmh {h_mb`mVyZ dhmV `oVmo. `_wZoMm Iam
CJ_ Vo a m hOma \y $ Q> C M rda`m H$mqbXr nd V mV Amho . nU
`_wZmor`m nyT>o OmVm `oV Zmhr. hUyZM `_wZm XodrMo _{Xa VoWoM
~mYbo Amho.
XmoZ VmgmZr _hmamO `_wZmorhZ naV {ZKmbo. amr OmZH$s~mBM>rbm _wH$m_ H$$Z, Xwgao {Xder hZw_mZM>rbm Ambo. Mma {Xdg
hZw_mZM>rbm amhZ gmYZ Ho$bo. ZVa ~gZo CmaH$merbm naV Ambo.
AmVm {h_mb`mV`m `mm nyU Pm`m hmo`m. CmaH$merbm amhZ
kmZgmYZm H$am`Mr, Aer n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr Amkm hmoVr.
S>mo`mg_moaMm Q>ma nU pWa hmoVm.

_o 1981 gnV Ambm hmoVm. gH$mi d am `mZ gmYZm. gnyU

Xwnma Mma Vo nmM Vmg JWdmMZ d kmZgmYZm. _hmamOmMr {XZM`m
{Z`_rVnUo Mmby hmoVr. Hw$R>oM Amig ZhVm. Cn{ZfXmMm A`mg
Pmbm. {ddoH$MwS>m_UrMm A`mg Ho$bm. kmZoa _hmamOm`m
A_VmZw^d JWmMm A`mg Pmbm. qhXr_Y`m doXmVgma d nMXer
m JWmMm nU gImob A`mg Pmbm. gH$bXw:I{Zdmr d
na_mZXmr$n Omo _moj Amho, Vmo m hmo`mgmR>r Am_kmZ
ho EH$M gmYZ Amho. `m Am_kmZmMo {VnmXZ H$aUmar hr gd
doXmVmdaMr, emr` ^mfoV CXmhaUmgh {ddaU Ho$bobr JWgnXm
146 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

A`mgyZ, _hmamOmZm hiy hiy Am_kmZ hUOo H$m`? Vo C_Oy

bmJbo. Ord ~mMr EH$Vm _wimV AmhoM. _m`o`m AmdaUmZo
{Odmbm `mMm {dga nS>bm Amho. VrM Ord ~mMr EH$Vm
_mUmZo d `wVrZo XmZ H$aUo. hm `m gd doXmV JWmMm
{df` Amho. H$mhr VdmXr emH$ma {Od d ~ `m`mV ^oX
_mZyZ, {Odmbm ~ CnmgZoZo _o`mZVa _moj {_iob Ago gmJVmV.
Vo `mo` Zmhr. Am eH$amMm`mZr `m V _VmMo emmoV ^mfoV
IS>U H$$Z AV Aem {Od~ Eo`mMo {VnmXZ Ho$bo Amho.
`mo` gmYZoZo (AZ` ^Vr, \$ba{hV H$_ d `moJ) d doXmV
JWmMm gImob A`mg H$$Z, A{YH$mar _w_wjwbm `mM
O_mV Am`mMo kmZ m hmoVo. `mMr Xoh~wr Z> hmoD$Z
{Od ~ Eo`VoMm AZw^d `oVmo.
`m JWm_Yo A{YH$mar _w_wjwMo hUOoM gmYH$mMo dUZ Ho$bo
Amho. `mZo AZoH$ O_m_Yo BamnU~wrZo dY_mMaU d CnmgZm
Ho$`m_wio, `mMo {MmmVrb _b, {djon Xmof OmD$Z {Mmewr Pmbobr
Amho d `mMo {R>H$mUr {ddoH$ dam`m{XH$ {Z_mU Pmbobo AmhoV.
`mZo ldU _ZZmmao, AV kmZ hUOoM {Od-~ Eo`VoMo kmZ
H$$Z `mdo. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr am_H$UmZm W_nmgyZ
Zm__aU, `mZ, `moJ, ^pV m _mJmZ,o _mJXeZ H$$Z doXmV
JW
mMo kmZ H$$Z Ko`mg A{YH$mar ~Z{dbo d AmVm Am_kmZ
H$$Z Ko`mMr Amkm {Xbr. ~, _w_wjw, gmYH$, {g hm gd
dmg EH$mM O_mV em_m` [aVrZo Amn`m {e`mH$Sy>Z
H$adyZ KoVbm. Ho$dT>m _moR>m hm gXJw $ Mm A{YH$ma d {e`mdaMo
o_! _hmamO gd dmMV hmoVo. `mMo _ZZ H$arV hmoVo d gXJw$ H$noZo
bJoMM `mMo AmH$bZ hmoV hmoVo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 147

gXJw$H$Sy>Z Ord ~` kmZmMm ~moY d

`m_wio {_iUmar _wVr

Ord-~ Eo` kmZ ho _mojmMo gmYZ Amho. _mojmMo d$n

Zmhr. Ord ~` kmZmMo d$n doXmV JWm_wio H$iVo. Vo
eXkmZ nU gXJw$Zr `mMm ~moY Ho$bm hUOo, `mMm `j
AZw^d `oD$Z {e`mbm _moj {_iVmo. hUOoM `m`m O_
_aUmMm \o$am mM O_r Wm~Vmo. nwhm `mbm H$_ ~YZm_wio O_
`mdm bmJV Zmhr. `mMo g{MV H$_ OiyZ OmVo. maY H$_
^moJ`mgmR>r `mMm Xoh {eH$ AgVmo. Vmo {g nwf OrdZ_wV
pWVrV bmoH$ H$`mUmMo H$m` na_oam`m BN>oZo H$aVmo. OrdZ_wV
pWVrV `mMo {H$`_mU H$_ {Z_mU hmoV Zmhr. maY gnbo H$s
gXJw$`m BN>oZoM, Vmo m XohmMm `mJ H$$Z {dXoh_wV hmoVmo. `oWo
gd maY, gMrV d {H$`_mU H$_mMm b` Pm`mZo `mbm
O_ _aUmMo `moOZM CaV Zmhr. "hrM _wVr'. nU H$Yr H$Yr
ho _wV Am_o na_oam`m BN>oZo, `mMoM H$m`mgmR>r nwZO_
KoVmV d bmoH$ H$`mUmMo H$m` H$aVmV.
kmZoa _mD$br, gmB~m~m, JOmZZ _hmamO, AH$bH$moQ>Mo
dm_r g_W d BVa AZoH$ Adbr`m gVm`m M[amMo AdbmoH$Z
Ho$bo, hUOo Amn`mbm hr Jmo> H$iyZ `oBb. Hw$R>brhr {deof Aer
CnmgZm AWdm gmYZm Z H$aVm, O_VmM, ~mbnUr `mZm Xdr eVr
d AJmY kmZmMr mr Pmbr hmoVr. ho gd Am_kmZr, {dXoh_wV
Am_o na_oam`m BN>oZoM bmoH$H$`mUmgmR>r, ^VrgmamgmR>r
nwZO_ KoD$Z Ambo hmoVo. `mZmM AdVmar nwwf Ago hQ>bo OmVo.
H$Yr H$Yr `m`m H$nmH$Q>mjmZoM EImm gmYH$mMr qH$dm
^VmMr Hw$S>{bZr eVr OmJV hmoD$Z Vmo nyUmdWobm Jo`mMr
148 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

CXmhaUo AmhoV. S>moignUmZo hr gd A`m_mVrb J_V O_V

~{KVbr hUOo BamMr brbm AJmY Amho AgoM hUmdo
bmJVo.
_hmamOm`m Hw$S>{bZr eVrMm
dmg d g_mYr AdWm

am_H$U _hmamOmMm gd Am`mp_H$ dmg gXJw$Mo H$noZo,

`mMo _mJXeZmImbr AJXr emmoV nVrZo Mmbbm hmoVm.
Am_kmZm`m AJXr Odi nmo h Mbm hmo V m. `mZmdWo V
S>m
o `mg_moa, Ordm`mMo `moVr_` earamMo Mma aJ {XgV hmoV.o
Wyb XohmMm gd AJ `mnyZ AgUmam aV dU. AmkmMH$mMo g_moa
gy_ XohmMm dVwimH$ma {XgUmam oV dU. `mMo AmVbo ~mOyg H$maU
XohmMm dVwimH$ma H$U dU d `m`m _`^mJr Vm`m_mUo
M_H$Umam, _hmH$maU XohmMm ZrbdU. Wyb XohmMo WmZ Zo Amho.
gy_ XohmMo WmZ H$R>. H$maUXohmMo WmZ X`. Va _hmH$maU XohmMo
WmZ ghma hUOo S>mo`m`mdaMo ^mJmVrb e|S>rMo {R>H$mU.
ghmam`m _`^mJr ~aK Amho. Ordm`m earamV gw AdWoV
_ybmYma MH$mV Agbobr Hw$S>brZr eVr, gmYH$m`m gmYZoZo OmJV
hmoD$Z gwfwZm ZmS>rV doe H$aVo. nyT>o gmYZo`m ~imda H$nmim`m
_`^mJr Agbo`m AmkmMH$mV `oD$Z pWamdVo. VoWo gmYH$mbm
gJwUmMo XeZ hmoVo. hUOoM H$memMo XeZ, B>XdV, gXJw$,
XodXodVm d gmYygV `mMr XeZo hmoVmV. nU Oohm Jw$H$noZo Hw$S>{bZr
eVr AmkmMH$mMo ^oXZ H$$Z da`m ~mOyg Agbo`m gbmoH$mVyZ
ghmamV Agbo`m ~aYm V nmoMZy pWa hmoV.o Vohm emmV `mbm
Ord-{edmMo _rbZ AWdm Eo` Ago g~moYbo Amho. {VM
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 149

g_mYr AdWm Amho. `mM AdWoV gXJw$ {e`mbm Ord~ Eo`mMm ~moY H$aVmV Am{U Am_kmZ {_idyZ XoVmV.
_hmamOmZm _hmH$maU XohmMm ZrbdU gVV Q>maMo $nmZo S>mo`mg_moa
{XgV hmoVm. ~aYm`m gmYZoZo Hw$S>{bZr eVr ghmamV nmohMbr
hmoVr. g_mYrMm AZw^d Zoh_rM `oV hmoVm. `moJemmdarb JWm`m
A`mgmZo, _hmamOmZm dV:Mr AdWm H$m` Amho `mMr OmUrd
Pmbr. gXJw$`m AmkoZo AV JWmMm A`mg gw$ hmoVmM. AmVm
`mMr JmoS>r dmT>br. {Okmgm {eJobm nmohmoMbr. nydu AmiXrbm
Pmbobm gXJw$Mm >mV AmR>dbm. Am_kmZmMr gy_ OmUrd
hmoV hmoVr. nU AhH$mambm {MmmV A{O~mV OmJm m`Mr Zmhr
Ago _hmamOmZr R>adbo.
_hmamOmMm nMrH$aUmMm A`mg

AmVm _hmamOmZr nMrH$aUmMm A`mg gw$ Ho$bm.

gXJw$`m BN>oZoM gd Mmbbo hmoVo. gXJw$ CnXoe H$arV hmoVo
hU`mnojm ~moY H$arV hmoVo. am_H$U _hmamO EH$mJVoZo Vmo
~moY Amn`m {MmmV YmaU H$arV hmoVo. OUyH$mhr Jw$ {e`
EH$_oH$mg_moa ~gbo AmhoV. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO ~moY H$arV
AmhoV Am{U am_H$U `mMo nm`mer ~gyZ EH$mJVoZo Vmo JhU
H$arV Amho.
XohmnmgyZ Am_m H$gm {^ Amho, `mMr doJ doJir emr`
CXmhaUo. nM_hm^yVmMm Xoh hm Amnbm Amho, Ago gmYH$ g_OVmo Vo
Ho$di AkmZmZoM. _Zw` O_mMo _hd H$m`? ZaXoh hm H$_YmZ
Amho. `mbm kmZ Amho. `m_wio _Zw` O_mV CnmgZm gmYZm
H$$Z Am_kmZ m H$$Z KoVm `oVo. Xod JYdmMo Xoh ^moJYmZ
150 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

AmhoV. _Zw` O_mV Ho$bo`m nw`mMo \$i ^moJ`mgmR>r Xod JYdmMm

O_ {_iVmo. nU Am_kmZ {_iV Zmhr. newnjm{XH$m`m XohmV gd
AkmZM AgVo. `m_wio `mMo Xoh YmaU H$$Z Am_kmZ {_iUo
Ag^dM. nMrH$aUm`m A`mgmVyZ gd ~moY hmoV hmoVm.
nM_hm^yVo AmH$me, dm`w, VoO, Amn (nmUr) d ndr. _Zw`mMm
Wyb Xoh nM_hm^yVmnmgyZ V`ma Pmbm. Wyb XohmMr AmH$memMr
nmM Vdo - H$m_, H$moY, emoH$, _moh Am{U ^`. hr nmM Vdo ~YZmam
Xw:I XoUmar AmhoV. `mMm _ZmZo `mJ H$a. dm`wMr nmM Vdo
MbZ, dbZ, YmdZ, gaU d AmHw$MZ. {e`m hr Vd dm`wMr
AmhoV. VwPr ZmhrV. Vy \$V `mMm gmjr Amhog. VoOmMr nmM VdojwYm, Vfm, Amig, {Zm d H$mVr. hr Vdo Xoh ajUmg H$maUr^yV
AmhoV. AmnmMr nmM Vdo ewH$ (dr`), emo{UV (aV), bmi, _y
d doX (Km_). ndrMr Wyb XohmMr nmM Vdo ApW, _mg,
dMm, ZmS>r d amo_ (Ho$g). da gm{JVbobr Wyb XohmMr nMdrg
Vdo nM_hm^yVmMr AmhoV. ~m {e`m VwPr ZmhrV. Vy Am_m
AgyZ WybXohmMm \$V gmjr Amhog.
_Zw` OmJV AdWoV AgVmZm, WybXohmMr nMkmZ|r`o lmoV,
dMm, Mjw, {Ohm d KmU. nMH$_]{`o-dmH$, nmUr, nmX, {eZ d
JwX. Mma AV:H$aUo _Z, ~wr, {Mm d AhH$ma. hr gd H$m`aV
AgyZ `oH$mMo {df` d XodVm `mMo {ddaU Ho$bo. A`m VhoZo
WybXohmhZ {^ Agbo`m Am`mMm, gXJw $ Zr {e`mbm ~moY Ho$bm.
gy_ Xoh hm nU Am_m Agy eH$Vmo, Aer eH$m {e`mbm Ambr.
hUy Z gX J w $ Zr gy _Xo h mMr A V :H$aUn M H$, mUn M H$,
kmZ|{`nMH$, H$_]{`nMH$ d {df`nMH$ A`m nMdrg VdmMo
{ddaU Ho$bo. `m gdmMr Cnmr nM_hm^yVmnmgyZ H$er Pmbr, ho
n>$nmZo g_OmdyZ gm{JVbo. `m gdmMo H$m` d XodVm `mMo n>rH$aU
Ho$bo d gy_Xoh hm nU Am`mnmgyZ {^ Amho, `mMm ~moY Ho$bm.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 151

_hmamOm`m X`mV AIS> Am_`moV

WybXoh A_`H$moe$n Amho. Va gy_XohmMo mU_`,

_Zmo_` d {dkmZ_` Ago VrZ H$moe AmhoV. ~m {e`m, m
VrZhr H$moemhZ Vy doJim Amhog. hUOoM Am_m Amhog. gnyU
{ddaU gXJw$Zr Ho$bo. `m_wio {e`mbm `mMm ~moY Pmbm. gXJw$Zr
dZmdWoMo dUZ Ho$bo. OmJVrV _Zw` Oo nmhVmo, EoH$Vmo, BpN>Vmo
`mMo nS>gmX AV:H$aUmg {MH$Qy>Z ahmVmV. JmT> Pmono_Yo Vo ~mhoa
`oVmV. dZmdWoMo WmZ H$R> Amho. H$R>mV "{hZm' ZmdmMr ZmS>r
Amho. {V`mV dZmdWm hmoVo. dZmdWoV`m A ^jUmZo
eara nw>nU hmoV Zmhr d OI_ Pm`mZo aVnU `oV Zmhr.
nU Ho$di gwIXw:ImMm ^mg _m hmoVmo. ~m {e`m, `m
AdWoMm nU Vy gmjr Amhog. >m Zmhr. hUyZM Am_m
Amhog. Wyb, gy_ Am{U H$maU XohmMm Vy >m Amhog d `m`m
AdWm OmJV, dZ d gwfwr `mMm \$V gmjr Amhog. MmWm Omo
_hmH$maU Xoh Amho, `mMo $n kmZ Amho. ~{Z> Jw$`m _wImVyZ,
doXmVemmMo ldU Ho$`mZo AmnU Xoh ZgyZ `mMo \$V gmjr AmhmoV,
Ago {deofkmZ _Zm`m dmrV Cn hmoVo d _ZmMm doe _hmH$maU
XohmV hmoVmo. ~m {e`m, `m _hmH$maU XohmMm H$meH$ hUOoM
Vy ewd$n Am_m Amhog.
_hmamO dmMV hmoVo. _ZZ H$arV hmoVo. n> ~moY AV:H$aUmV
R>gV hmoVm. AmVm `mZm_Yo _hmamOmZm Am_`moV X`mV
{Xgm`bm bmJbr. gXJw$ H$no`m A_V_` dfmdmZo Vo Y` Pmbo.
Ord ~`mMr gmJVm H$aUmar Mmahr doXmVrb gyo (1) `Owd}X
Ah~mp_ (2) gm_doX Vd_{g (3) F$doX kmZ ~ (4)
152 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

AWddoX A`_m_m~. m gJ`mMm AW H$iyZ Ambm. gXJw$

H$noZo `mMm AV:H$aUmV nyUnUo ~moY Pmbm. gnyU {MmdmrM ~XbyZ
Jo`m. _Z gnyU gXJw$_` Pmbo. eara YmaUogmR>r`m Im`m
{n`mMr qMVmM H$m`, nU AmZXhr Zmhrgm Pmbm. X`mVbr
Am_`moV AmUIrZM d{bV Pmbr d AIS>nUo {Xgm`bm
bmJbr. gmaIo `mZmbm ~gy bmJbo. H$mi doioMo ^mZ am{hbo
Zmhr. `mZmVyZ CRy>Z AmKmoi, OodU B. XohH$_} H$a`mMr nU
BN>m hmoBZm. Mma _{hZo {ZKyZ Jobo.

CmaH$merV {ZgJmMm H$mon Am{U

Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr Amn`m {e`mMm
Ord dmM{dbm

nmdgm`mMo {Xdg hmoVo. ~mOy`m S>m|Jamda {_brQ>rMo H$m_ gw$

hmoVo. \$moQ> H$$Z S>m|Ja \$moS>`mMo H$m_. _YoM S>m|JamMm H$mhr ^mJ
H$mogiyZ, ^mJraWr ZXrda nS>bm. ZXrMm dmh nyT>o Om`Mm Wm~bm.
nmUr VoWoM Wm~bo. `mVyZ OmoamV nmD$g nSy> bmJbm. gd S>m|JamdaMo
nmUr Imbr `oD$Z ^mJraWrV {_giy bmJbo. nmUr dmhV Zg`mZo
_moR>o YaU V`ma Pmbo. amr am_H$U _hmamOm`m dZmV Zaqghoa
_hmamO Ambo. hUmbo, gH$mir CR>`m~amo~a S>m|Jamda`m H$moQ>oa
_hmXodmMo _{XamV Om. Imbr CmaH$merV amh ZH$mog. ZH$sM H$mhrVar
AK{Q>V hmoUma hmoVo. `m{edm` _hmamOmZr Ago gm{JVbo Zmhr.
gH$mir bdH$aM Amnbo gm_mZ KoD$Z am_H$U _hmamO da`m
H$moQ>oa _hmXodmMo _{XamV Jobo. XmoZM VmgmZr A{Vd>r_wio
Zg{JH$[a`m V`ma Pmbobm, ^mJraWr ZXrdaMm _mVrMm ~Ymam \w$Q>bm.
CmaH$merV gd nmUr nmUr Pmbo. AZno{jV nya Am`mZo bmoH$mMr
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 153

Jwao T>moao dmhZ Jobr. WmoS>r Or{dVhmZrgwm Pmbr. gmo_ml_mbm nU

nwamMm VS>mIm ~gbm. _hmamO AmYrM da Jobo hmoVo. {ZgJmMo
VmS>dZ` d$Z ~KV hmoVo. XmoZ {Xdg VoWoM hmoVo. ^maVr` g{ZH$mZr,
gH$Q>H$mir AIS> _XVH$m` H$$Z, n[apWVr AmQ>mo`mV AmUbr.
n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr dZ >mV XoD$Z Amn`m {e`mMm
Ord dmM{dbm hmo V m. Ho $ dT> r hr H $ nm! nw T > o am_H $ U
_hmamOmH$Sy>Z ^VrgmamMo H$m_ hm`Mo hmoVo hoM Iao. {ZgJ
emV Pm`mZVa XmoZ {XdgmZr _hmamO gmo_ml_mV naV Ambo. gmYZ
ZoQ>mZo gw$ Pmbo.
H$X_ _mVamMo n d _hmamOmMr
O_mogdmbm `>rbm Om`mMr Vi_i

AmQ>mo~a 1981 Mm gw_ma hmoVm. _Z ~oMZ hmoVo. gmaIo `>rbm

OmD$Z, Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m nm`mda S>moHo$ Q>oH$dyZ brZ hmdo d
g_mYrW Agbo`m gXJw$`m gm{`mV amhmdo Ago dmQy> bmJbo.
nU gXJw$Mr Amkm Pm`m{edm`, {h_mb` gmoS>Vm `oV ZhVm.
gmo_ml_mV amhZ Xhm _{hZo hmoV Ambo. VoWo amhUmao ~Jmbr gmYy mg
m`bm bmJbo hmoVo. _hmamOmMo ImobrV EH$m ~Jmbr gmYwbm OmJm
Xo`mMo `mMo _ZmV hmoVo. _hmamOmMo _Z nyUnUo {daV Pmbo hmoVo.
`mZr \$mago _Zmda KoVbo Zmhr. EH$ {Xdg gmYZmZXmZr _hmamOmZm
~mobmdyZ KoVbo. bdH$aM XwgarH$S>o OmJm ~K`mg gyM{dbo.
_hmamOmZr hmoH$ma {Xbm. gXJw $ da gd gmondyZ dW ~gbo. Xwg`mM
{Xder ~oiJmd`m H$X_ _mVamMo n Ambo. H$X_ _mVa Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMo {Zgr_ ^V. _hmamOmMo \$moQ>mo, nwVHo$ ^VmZm H$_r
qH$_VrV {dHy$Z ^{$gma H$arV. `mZr nmV {b{hbo hmoVo H$s, H$m{VH$
154 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

ew nm{U_obm n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm e^amdm O_mogd Amho.

Vmo `>rbm _moR>m _mUmda gmOam H$aUma AmhmoV. `m {Z{_m VrZ
{XdgmMm gmh Amho. Var Vwhr `mgmR>r Ad` `>rbm `mdo. {X.
22 Zmoh|~a 1981 bm Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm O_mogd hmoVm.
am_H$U _hmamOmZm O_mogdmgmR>r `>rbm Om`mMr CH$Q>
BN>m Pmbr. nU gXJw$`m Amko{edm` H$mhrM H$aVm `oV
ZhVo.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm >mV d `>rbm
naV`mMr Amkm. nU Am_kmZmMo H$m`?

am_H$U _hmamOmZr n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr mWZm Ho$br

Am{U gH$mirM `mZmbm ~gbo. WmoS>mM doimV `mZ bmJbo.
>rg_moa n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO {Xgy bmJbo. Zoh_r`mM
nohamdmV. nmT>aoew^ YmoVa. da bmbga aJmMm bm~bMH$
A J aIm. S> m o `mda nm T > a mew ^ \o $ Q> m . H$nmimda _mo > o
R> i H$nUmZo {XgUmao J Y . hgar, g _w m. hUmbo ,
am_H $ Um AmVm Vw P o {h_mb`mVbo gmYZ g n bo . H$X_
_mVamZm n {b{h`mg _rM ~wr {Xbr. Vy `oWyZ {ZK`mMr
V`mar H$a. O_mogdmbm `>rbm `o. VoWoM amhZ ^Vrgma
H$a. am_H$U _hmamOmMo _Z AmZ{XV Pmbo. nU _ZmV eH$m Ambr.
gXJw$Zr AmnUmg Am_kmZ m H$$Z Ko`mgmR>r {h_mb`mV
nmR>{dbo hmoVo. _hmamO hUVmV, naV `>rg `o. nU AmnUmg
IamoIa Am_kmZ Pmbo H$m`? Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm {dMm$
H$s ZH$mo ! jU^a {dMmamV nS>bo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 155

lmor` Am_kmZr gXJw$H$Sy>Z

_hmamOmZm Am_kmZmMr dmhr

n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO qH${MV hgbo. hUmbo, am_H$Um

H$gbm {dMma H$aVmog? Amn`mbm Am_kmZ Pmbo hUyZ
{e`mbm H$go H$iob? Vmo Va Am_$nmer Vyn hmoD$Z OmVmo.
`m`m {Mmdmr ~XbVmV. gXJw$Zm Vo bJoMM H$iVo. Vwbm
Am_kmZ Pmbo Amho. `mMo gmjrXma _r d ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO
AmhmoV. AmVm Vwbm `mMm A{^_mZ Pmbm Zmhr. Aao Vwbm
Xoh^mdM Zmhr Va A{^_mZ H$gbm? bdH$aM Vwbm `mMo
`Va `oBb.
Am_kmZr nwfmMr hrM Iar J_V Amho. Am_kmZr nwfmMo
{e`, O|hm Jw$Mo _mJXeZm_mUo gmYZ H$aVmV, `mM doiog `mZm
gmYZ AZw^dmmao Jw$`m kmZmMr H$nZm `oVo. {gr m Pm`m.
`mMo \$bd$n mn{MH$ AZw^d ^VmZm Ambo, hUOo gmYy
Am_kmZr Pmbm Ago Zho. {gr m hmoUo hm Am_kmZm`m
_mJmVrb EH$ Q>nm Amho. gmYH$ {grV AS>H$bm hUOo H$R>rUM.
Vmo {gr`m AX^wV brbm_Yo a_m`bm bmJVmo. `mbmM Am_kmZ
g_OVmo. nU Am_kmZr gXJw$ Amn`m {e`mbm VoWo a_`m`m
AmVM ~mhoa H$mT>VmV d nwT>`m JVr nWmda ZoVmV. nU gXJw$M
Oa Am_kmZr ZgVrb, Va Vo `mbm {gt`m a` Xw{Z`oVyZ
H$go ~mhoa H$mT>Uma? Xmg~moYmV lmor` Am_kmZr Jw$ Mo _hd
gm{JVbo Amho. gXJw$ hUOo gd emmMo kmZ AgUmam,
Am_kmZr nwf. VmoM Amn`m {e`mbm Am_kmZmV ZoD$
eH$Vmo. hUyZM Xodmnojm `mMo _hd OmV Amho. Xod XodVm
g Pm`m, Va `m Vwhmbm mn{MH$ ^moJ XoVrb. ZaO_
156 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

gwImMm H$aVrb. nU ZaO_mMo gmWH$ H$$ eH$Uma ZmhrV.

n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmZm n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo $nmZo
lmor` Am_kmZr gXJw$ bm^bo hmoVo.
am_H$U _hmamOmMo `mZ gnbo. nU g_moa hgV_wI gXJw$M
gmaIo {XgV hmoVo. `mMr A_VdmUr AmR>dV hmoVr. gmYZ g\$i
Pmbo. Vo gXJw$ _wImVyZ EoHy$Z, _hmamOmMr H$U]{`o V Pmbr.
A>gmpdH$ ^md OmJV Pmbo hmoVo. S>mo`mVyZ AmZXmly nmPaV hmoVo.
_ZmMm AmZX JJZmV _mdV ZhVm. nU A{^_mZ! Vmo Va X`mVyZ
hnma Pmbm hmoVm. gV VwH$mam_ _hmamOmMm A^J AmR>dbm. OoWo
OmVmo VoWo Vy _mPm gmJmVr& Mmb{dgr hmVr YamoZr`m&& VerM
pWVr _hmamOmMr Pmbr hmoVr.
Am_kmZmMr {MVr d am_H$U
_hmamOmMm dJmV gH$ma

{Xdg^a _hmamO EH$m doJ`m VrVM hmoVo. _ZmVbm AmZX

gnVM ZhVm. H$moUmerM ~mobbo ZmhrV. ZmZ, OodU gdH$mhr Pmbo.
~mH$s doi Amn`m ImobrV ~gyZM hmoV.o gmaIr gXJw $ Mr _yVu g_moa.
`mMr A_VdmUr AZmhV ZmXmgmaIr X`mV Kw_V hmoVr. ""Vwbm
Am_kmZ Pmbo Amho. bdH$aM Vwbm `mMr {MVr `oBb.''
_hmamOmZm AmVm ahmdoZm. Hw$R>br {MVr? earamVrb nMmU EH$
Pmbo hmoVo. {MVrMr dmQ> nhmV hmoVo. AhH$ma H$moR>o {XgVM ZhVm.
nU _Z Am{U ~wr _m {MVrMmM {dMma H$arV hmoV.o A`m AdWoV
{H$VrVar doi Jobm. _`amr _hmamOmZm JmT> Pmon bmJbr. _ZmMm
AmZX _m VgmM hmoVm.
JmT> PmonoV _hmamOmZm dZ nS>bo. H$moUrVar r _hmamOmZm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 157

PmonoVyZ OmJo H$arV hmoVr. Aao am_H$Um CR>. bdH$a CR> Am{U Mb
_mPo~amo~a dJmV. Am_kmZ Pmbo`m nwfmMm AmO dJmV
gH$ma Amho. {dUwXdo mZr _bm ~mobmdyZ KoVbo Am{U Vm~S>Vmo~
Vwbm KoD$Z `o hUyZ Amkm Ho$br. _hmamO dZmVM OmJo Pmbo.
g_moa nm{hbo Va EH$ JmoarnmZ gwXa r. gmYmaU nM{derMr.
AJm^modVr nmT>aoew^ aoe_r d. _mZonmgyZ JwT>`mn`V. AmH$fH$
Moham. p_V _wm. bm~bMH$ H$mio^moa Ho$g. S>mo`mMo da nU _Ymo_Y
A~mS>mgmaIo ~mYbobo. J`mV Q>nmo`m _mo`mMr bm~bMH$ _mi.
Xmohr hmVm`m _ZJQ>mda AmH$fH$ aJm`m \w$bmMo hma ~mYbobo.
am_H$U _hmamO doS>mgmaIo ~KVM am{hbo. Vr hUmbr, am_H$Um
Ago H$m` ~KVmog? _bm AmoiIbo Zmhrg? Aao _r VwPr AmB.
ndrbmoH$mVrb dmV` gn`mZVa AmVm {dUwbmoH$mV AgVo.
Vwbm Am_kmZ Pmbo. AmO VwPm dJmV gH$ma hmoUma hUyZ
_bm Iyn AmZX Pmbm Amho. Mb bdH$a. Cera H$$ ZH$mog.
am_H$U _hmamO gy_ XohmZo gd AdbmoH$Z H$arV hmoVo. hUmbo,
AmB Vy BVH$s VU H$er? _aVmZm Ho$dT>r hmVmar hmoVrg. AmVm
{X` XohYmar a_m~mB, hUOo _hmamOmMr AmB hgy bmJbr.
hUmbr, Aao am_H$Um, dJmV Am`mZVa gdmZmM Ago {X`
Xoh {_iVmV.
ho gy_ Xoh {MaVU AgVmV. H$mimMm n[aUm_ `mModa hmoV
Zmhr. _bm AmVm AgaoMm Xoh {_imbm Amho. {dUwbmoH$mVbr ~arMer
gwXa gwXa H$m_o, _bm Zo_yZ {Xbr AmhoV. n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO
d n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m ^{$MoM ho \$i Amho. AmVm
_m am_H$U _hmamOmMr Imr nQ>br. Zoh_r`mM gmYy dofmZo Vo
AmB`m hUOo, `m AgaoMo ~amo~a nwnH$ {d_mZmV ~gbo.
AmH$me_mJM Vmo. dJmV nmohM`mg {H$Vrgm doi bmJUma? Vo
XmoKO
o U dJm`m Xmamer nmohmoMbo. a_m~mB hUm`m, AmVm Vy EH$Q>mM
158 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

AmV Om. gd Xod XodVm VwPr dmQ> nhmV AmhoV. `oWyZ nwT>o _bm `oVm
`oUma Zmhr. _bm _mPr H$m_o Ho$br nm{hOoV. {VZo hgyZ _hmamOmZm
{Zamon {Xbm.
_hmamOmZr g_moa ~{KVbo. dJmMo ^bo _moR>o Xma. ZjrXma gwdU
n`mZr AmN>mXbobo. Xmohr ~mOybm, XmoZ {X` nwf C^o. gmd`m
aJmMo. {niXma Xoh`>rMo. Xhm \w$Q>mMo da CMr. hmVmV MH$MH$sV
YmaXma, naeygmaIo {XgUmao ^bo _moR>o e. nhmUm`mbm YS>H$sM
^ao. ~mOwbm gnyU AYma. nU MH$MH$sV gwdUmam`m H$memV,
g_moarb `Vr MQ>H$Z {Xgo. _hmamO ZoQ>mZo nwT>o Jobo. gwdUmamg_moa
C^o am{hbo. Xmam`m ~mOybm C^o Agbo`m {X` nwfmZr _hmamOmH$S>o
~{KVbo. AmoiIrMo p_V H$$Z, qH${MV _mZ dmH$dyZ _hmamOmZm
dXZ Ho$bo. am_H$U _hmamOmZm gH$mamgmR>r dJmV ~mobmdbo
Ag`mMr gyMZm, `mZm {_imbr hmoVr. `mZr hmVmZo IyU H$aVmM
XmoZ Xmao, Xmohr ~mOybm gaH$br. _hmamOmZr `m XmoZ {X` nwfmZm,
Xmohr hmV OmoSy>Z dXZ Ho$bo d \w${V _woZo AmV Jobo. XadmOmMo
AmVbo ~mOyg, XmoZ ^bo _moR>o ZmJ \$Um da H$$Z ~gbo hmoVo. aJ
{ndiga H$mim hmoVm. Or^ ~mhoa H$mTy>Z {dfmar \y$H$ma gmoS>V hmoVo.
AmVm _hmamO `mZm Km~abo ZmhrV. Am_kmZ Pmbo hmoV.o emV {MmmZo
nwT>o Jobo Am{U H$m` Am`? _hmamO nwT>o `oVmM Vo Xmohr ZmJ a`mVyZ
~mOybm Pmbo Am{U _hmamOmZm dmQ> H$$Z {Xbr. WmoS>o _mJo diyZ
~{KVbo Va dJmMm XadmOm AmnmoAmn ~X Pmbm hmoVm.
dJm`m AmV`m ~mOyg, gJirH$S>o {X` Agm _X H$me.
g_moa Iyn _moR>m $X Agm, MH$MH$sV aVm. ~mOybm doJ doJ`m
\$im-\w$bmMo aJr ~oaJr ~JrMo. gwdU{_{lV nm`mMo AZoH$ H$maOo.
_moR>o AmhmXXm`H$ `. _hmamO AmYrM AmZXmV. `m dJu`
AmhmXXm`H$ dmVmdaUmV {Mmdmr AOyZM \w${V Pm`m.
VodT>mV EH$ XodVm g_moa Ambr. _r dUXod. dJmV Vw_Mo
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 159

dmJV H$aVmo. am_H$U _hmamO, Vw_Mr gmYZm g\$i hmoD$Z Vwhmbm

Am_kmZ Pmbo Amho. `mgmR>r dJmV Vw_Mm gH$ma Amho. gd V`mar
Pmbr Amho. {dUwXodmZr Vwhmbm KoD$Z `o`mMo, JmoS> H$m_ _bm {Xbo
Amho. _mPm Vwhmbm nyU AmerdmX Amho. Mbm _m`m~amo~a. Ago
hUyZ dUXod, _hmamOmMm hmV Y$Z Xa~mam`m {XeoZo Mmby bmJbo.
am_H$U _hmamOm`m nwT>rb ^{$gmamMo Am`w`mV, ~aoM
{R>H$mUr AZw>mZmZo nmD$g nS>bm. `mMo ah` m dUXodmMo
AmerdmXmVM Agbo nm{hOo.
amO_mJmZo WmoS>o nwT>o Jo`mda, _mo>o {dVV g^mJh bmJbo. gnyU
g^mJh {X` H$memZo MH$MH$V hmoVo. H$me H$moRy>Z `oV hmoVm?
g_OVM ZhVo. g^mJhm`m XmamerM, g _woZo EH$m ~mOybm
_mVram` d Xwg`m ~mOybm `_amO C^o hmoVo. `mZr hgyZ
am_H$U _hmamOmMo dmJV Ho$bo. g_moa`m ~mOwbm, ^` A`m
CM _Mmda ~Xod, {dUwXod d _hmXod ~gbo hmoVo. _Mm`m g_moarb
~mOyg XmohrH$S>rb amJmV, {X` AmgZo R>odbobr hmoVr. `mda BXod
d _wI XodXodVm {damO_mZ Pm`m hmo`m. _mJ`m ~mOwbm g^mJhmMo
VrZ ^mJ Pmbobo {XgV hmoV.o ~Xodm`m _mJ`m ~mOybm, ~bmoH$mV
dVr H$$Z Agbobo gmYy gV, Va {dUwXodm`m _mJ`m ~mOybm,
Am_kmZ m Pmbobo dHw$R>dmgr ~gbo hmoVo. C^o JY bmdbobo.
^mJdV Y_m`m ew AmMaUmZo, CH$Q> ^VrMm H$ig JmR>bobo
gmYy gV. am_H$U _hmamOmZr _moR>m o_mZo `m ~mOybm
~{KVbo. kmZoa _hmamO, gV VwH$mam_, Zm_Xod _hmamO,
am_Xmg dm_r d AZoH$ gmYy gV ~gbo hmoVo. n.ny. ^mD$gmho~
_hmamO d n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO Va AJXr OdiM hmoVo.
nWmVrb BVahr AZoH$ gVnwf hmoVo. XmoKmZrhr am_H$U
_hmamOmH$S>o ~KyZ p_V hm` Ho$bo d hmV WmoS>m da H$$Z AmerdmX
{Xbm. `m`m p_V hm`mZo am_H$UmZm "{MVrMm' CbJS>m
160 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Pmbm. gXJw$ o_mZo _Z ^$Z Jobo. _hmXodm`m _mJ`m ~mOybm

^_mbH$ma YmaU H$aUmao {g nwf d JU ~gbo hmoVo. ~`mM`m
gwXa gwXa Agam g^o_Yo {\$$Z, CnpWVmZm {X` no`mMm bm^ H$$Z
XoV hmo`m. Va H$mhr Agam JYdmg{hV Z` Jm`Z H$$Z g_ma^m`m
AmZXmV ^a KmbrV hmo`m.
dUXod am_H$U _hmamOmZm KoD$Z _w` _MmOdi Jobo.
_hmamOmZr ~m, {dUw, _hoe `mZm gm>mJ Z_H$ma KmbyZ dXZ
Ho$bo. VgoM gd Xod-XodVm d CnpWV gmYy-gVmZm dXZ Ho$bo. gdmMm
AmerdmX _m{JVbm. gdmZr _ZmnmgyZ am_H$UmZm AmerdmX {Xbm.
g^mJhm`m _`^mJr EH$ ^br _moR>r gwdUKQ >m Q>mJ bobr hmoVr.
{dUwXodmMo {ZXeZm_mUo, AJrXodmZr `m KQ>oMm OmoamV nU
H$U_Ywa Agm ZmX Ho$bm. Vmo {X` ZmX AmOhr am_H$UmMo
H$mZmV {ZZmXV AgVmo. {dUwXodmMo nmR>r_mJMo ~mOybm, Zaqghoa
_hmamO d ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO `mMo _` ^mJr, EH$ AmgZ [aH$m_o
R>odbo hmoVo. dUXod _hmamOmMm hmV Y$Z `m AmgZmn`V KoD$Z
Jobo. `mZm Am_kmZr nwfm`m ~amo~a _moR>m AmXamZo ~g{dbo. Vmo
n`V AJrXodmMm KQ>mZmX gw$M hmoVm. gnyU g^m AmZ{XV
Pmbr hmoVr. H$maU Agm gJ d{MVM `oVmo. gmYZm H$aUmao
gmYH$ nwH$i. `mV gXJw$`m H$noZo gd {gtda _mV H$$Z
AmB Hw$S>{bZrbm _ybmYmamVyZ _wV H$$Z ~aKmV pWa
H$aUmam, Am_kmZ m H$$Z KoUmam {gnwf {daimM.
AmgZmda ~g`mZVa dJmVrb [aVr [admOm_mUo, am_H$U
_hmamOmMm hma Vwao, emb lr\$i XoD$Z `Wmo{MV gH$ma H$a`mV
Ambm. _hmamOmZm OrdZ_wV pWVr m Pmbr. Cabo`m
maYm_mUo, ^Vm`m CVrgmR>r, dUXod _hmamOmZm
dJmVyZ naV ^ybmoH$mV KoD$Z Ambo. Vo gy_ XohmZoM. nhmQ>o`m
{Z`doiog _hmamO JmT> PmonoVyZ OmJo Pmbo. gy_ XohmZo AdbmoH$Z
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 161

Ho$bobm dJu` gmohim, _hmamOmZm S>mo`mg_moa n> {XgV hmoVm.

gXJw$Mo CnH$ma H$YrM {\$Q>V ZmhrV. CbQ> Vo VgoM ahmdo,
Ago {e`mbm dmQ>V AgVo. `m CnH$mamMo _aU R>odyZ, gXJw$
_{h_m dmT>dUo hoM I`m {e`mMo H$V`. _hmamO XmoZ {Xdg
VrVM hmoV.o ZVa `mVyZ ~mhoa Ambo. AmVm n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo
Amko_mUo, O_mogdmgmR>r `>rbm Om`bmM nm{hOo. Am_kmZmMm
hm Anyd AZw^d, _hmamOmZr Amn`mOdiM Jw R>odbm hmoVm. nU
M[amMo {Z_rmmZo Vmo ~mhoa Ambm. ^VmZm d dmMH$mZm Vmo ZH$sM
AmZXXm`H$ hmoBb.
_hmamOmMr {h_mb`mVyZ naV`mMr V`mar

XmoZ {XdgmZVa _hmamOmZr _w~B (C.P.O.) Am\$sgbm AO

nmR>dyZ, aodoMm S>ohamSy>Z Vo _w~B d _w~B Vo H$mohmnya Agm \$Q>
bmgMm nmg _mJ{dbm. H$`mUbm lr. AaqdX Hw$bH$Uu, `>rbm
lr. JmoqdXamd d ~oiJmdbm lr. H$X_ _mVa `mZm n nmR>dyZ AmnU
n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo O_eVmXr CgdmgmR>r `>rbm `oV
Ag`mMo H$i{dbo. lr. JmoqdXamdmZr {_aOobm S>m. Zmam`Uamd d
BVa ~mYdmZm hr ~mV_r H$i{dbr. gdOU AmZ{XV Pmbo.o `m gdmMr
CmaH$merbm _hmamOmZm no Ambr. Vwhr bdH$a naV `m. Amhr
gdOU Vw_Mr dmQ> nhmV AmhmoV.
lr. AaqdX Hw$bH$Uu `mZr _hmamOmMo noeZ_YyZ XmoZeo n`o
nmR>{dbo. AmVm \$V aodoMm nmg `m`Mm hmoVm. _hmamO gmYZmZX
dm_tZm ^oQ>bo. `>rbm naV`m~b gdH$mhr gm{JVbo. aodoMm
nmg Ambm H$s, bJoMM {ZKUma. gmYZmZX dm_r dm^mdmZo MmJboM
hmoVo. CmaH$mer`m _wH$m_mV gd VhoMr _XV `mZr _hmamOmZm
162 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Ho$br hmoVr. nU gmo_ml_m`m _ZoO_|Q>da ~Jmbr bmoH$mMm ^md

hmoVm. `m_wio `mMm ZmBbmO Pmbm. _hmamOmZr `mMo _ZmnmgyZ
Am^ma _mZbo. {X. 10 Zmoh|~a 1981 bm _hmamOmZm aodoMm nmg
nmo Q> m Zo {_imbm. bJo M M 11 Zmo h| ~ abm gH$mir, _hmamO
CmaH$merhZ naV {ZKmbo. {ZKVmZm `mZm dmBQ> dmQ>bo. AmnUmg
Am_kmZ m H$$Z XoUm`m n[agambm, _Zmo_Z Um_ Ho$bm. ~gZo
{ZKyZ Yamgy, {Q>har, M~m, YVmobr, _gyar _mJ} XohamXyZbm Ambo.
AVa gw_mao 190 {H$._r. XohamXyZ aodo Q>oeZn`V nmohmoM`mg
g`mH$miMo nmM dmObo. nU _w~Bbm OmUm`m amr`m JmS>rMo
[aPd}eZ {eH$ ZhVo.

_hmamOmMm XohamXyZbm _wH$m_ d

amOmnya`m dm_r am_VrW Aml_mV
H$_`moJmda dMZ

{X. 13 Zmoh|~aMo XohamXyZ Vo _w~B g|Q>b JmS>rMo amrMo [aPd}eZ

{_imbo. 20 Zmoh|~abm Var `>rbm nmoMm`bm nm{hOo. XmoZ {XdgmMm
Z hmoVm. AmVm ahm`Mo H$moR>o hUyZ {dMma H$arV aodo Q>oeZ`m
~mH$mda ~gbo hmoVo. g`mH$miMo ghm dmOyZ Jobo hmoVo. EH$ _mUyg
OdiyZ OmV hmoVm. ghO hUyZ `mbm {dMmabo, ^mBgm~ `hm Amg
nmg H$moB _{Xa h? amVH$mo Amgam hmo Om`oJm & `mZo _hmamOmH$S>o
~{KVbo. gmYwdoe ~KyZ `mbm Am_r`Vm dmQ>br. hUmbm, _hmamO
`hmgo 20 {H$._r. Xyarna amOmnya h& dhm dm_r am_VrW Aml__o
AmnH$m ahZoH$m BVOm_ hmo Om`oJm& AmnH$mo aodo Q>oeZHo$ ~mhagohr
~g {_b Om`oJr& _hmamO CR>bo. `Z H$amdm hUyZ ~gZo amOmnyabm
Jobo. {dMmanyg H$aV dm_r am_VrW Aml_mV nmohmoMbo. am Pmbr
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 163

hmoVr. EH$ {Xdg ahm`mMr nadmZJr {_imbr. Imobr MmJbr gwgm

hmoVr. am^a am{hbo.
nhmQ>oMr CnmgZm Pmbr. Aml_mV lrH$UmMo _{Xa hmoVo. N>mZ
nyOm AMm Pmbr. Xwnmar ^moOZmMm gmX {_imbm. g`mH$miMo doigo
gdOU ^OZmg O_bo hmoVo. _hmamO nU hOa hmoVo. Q>Q>`m _wImZm
AOyZ EH$ {Xdg ahm`mMr nadmZJr _m{JVbr d {X. 13 VmaIobm
amr`m JmS>rZo _w~Bbm Om`Mo Amho hUyZ gm{JVbo. Q>Q>Mo _wI
dm_r hUmbo, _hmamO AmnZo ^JdVJrVm nT>r hmoJr& _hmamOmZr
hmoH$mamWu _mZ hb{dbr. Vmo Amn H$_`moJna dMZ H$s{OE&
gXJw$`m Amko_mUo AmVm ^{$gma H$amd`mMm hmoVm. _hmamOmZr
^JdVJrVo`m Xwg`m A`m`mVrb 47 `m bmoH$mnmgyZ gwadmV
Ho$br. dMZ qhXrV Ho$bo.
H$_`odm{YH$maVo _m \$bofw H$XmMZ&
_m H$_\$bhoVw^y_m Vo gJmodH$_{U&&47&&
^JdmZ lrH$U AOwZ mbm gmJV AmhoV. VwPo {Z`V H$_ H$a`mMm
Vwbm A{YH$ma Amho. nU H$_\$bmda _m VwPm A{YH$ma Zmhr. Vw`m
H$_\$bmg Vy H$maUr^yV Amhog, Ago H$Yrhr g_Oy ZH$mog. VgoM
VwPo H$V` Z H$a`m_Yo, Vy AmgV hmoD$ ZH$mog. H$_mMo VrZ H$ma
{dfX H$$Z gm{JVbo. H$_, {dH$_ Am{U AH$_. H$_ hUOo _Zw`mZo
mH${VH$ JwUm`m ^mdmImbr Ho$bobo H$_. {dH$_ hUOo emm{d
Ho$bobo H$_ Am{U AH$_ hUOo dV:Mo H$_ Z H$aUo. ^JdVmZr
AOwZmbm _mohmZo ^m{dV Pm`m_wio, dV:Mo Oo H$_ hUOo `w
H$a`mMm gm {Xbm. ZmhrVa Vo AH$_M hmoBb hUyZ gm{JVbo.
\$V Vo `wH$_ \$bmMr Amem Z R>odVm, H$V`^mdZm hUyZ H$a,
Agm CnXoe Ho$bm. Am{U hmM H$_`moJmV gm{JVbobm _wVrMm _mJ
hmo`.
nwT>o JrVoVrb {Vg`m d Mm`m A`m`mMo, emmoV {ddaU
164 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Ho$bo. Aml_mVrb gdOU Iyn ^m{dV Pmbo. _wI dm_r hUmbo,

_hmamO Amn Vmo ~S>o kmZr gmYy hmo& Amn h_mao Aml__ohr ahmo&
~g gw~h em_ H$U^JdmZH$s nyOm Ama ^JdV^Vm|H$mo dMZ
mam _mJXeZ& h_ AmnHo$ ahZo ImZonrZoH$m BVOm_ H$a|Jo Ama _{hZm
N>o gm n`m VZIm^r X|Jo& h_o AmnH$s ~S>r O$aV h& _hmamOmZr
Z_VoZo ZH$ma {Xbm. XmoZ {Xdg _hmamOmMm _moR>m AmXagH$ma Ho$bm
Jobm. W_ Zwg`m ahm`mMr nMmBV. Va AmVm H$m`_
amh`mMm AmJh. gXJw$ H$noMo _moR>o Zdb dmQ>bo. _hmamOmZm
nXmonXr `mMm AZw^d `oV hmoVm. VoWo EH$ H$`mUbm ahmUmao
gmYy hmoVo. `mMo~amo~a WmoS>r ~mVMrV Pmbr. `mZr gm{JVbo H$s,
H$`mUbm H$m`m VbmdmMo H$mR>mda, EH$ am__{Xa Amho. VoWo
`moH$$ gmYwMr WmoS>o {Xdg _wH$m_mMr `dWm hmoVo. VgoM _w~Bbm
hmOrAbr X`mMo ~mOybm nU Ver `dWm Amho. `mMo Zmd
gmYw~obm.
_hmamO {h_mb`mVyZ _w~BV d H$`mU`m
am__{XamV dmV`

_hmamO {X. 13 Zmoh|~abm amr, S>ohamSy>Z EgogZo {ZKyZ {X.

16 bm Xwnmar _w~B g|Q>bbm Ambo. _w~BMr nyU _m{hVr hmoVrM.
H$`mUbm lr. AaqdX Hw$bH$Uu (^mMo), S>m|{~dbrbm lr. amKd|
IQ>mdH$a (YmH$Q>m ~{hUrMo `O_mZ) d BVa ~arM Am Am{U
Zohr _S>ir hmoVr. naVw _hmamOmMo dam` IynM Vrd hmoVo. JhWmMo
Kar amhd`mMo Zmhr hUyZ bmoH$bZo Vo gai H$`mUbm Ambo.
H$mimVbmd `oWrb am__{XamV Jobo. XmoZ {Xdg ahm`mMr `dWm
Pmbr. g`mH$mi Pmbr hmoVr. _hmamOmMo ddmS>rVrb {_
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 165

lr. H$moamo, H$m`m Vbmdmda {\$a`mg Ambo hmoVo. am_H$U BVa

gmYw~amo~a ~mobV hmoVo. AmdmOmd$Z lr. H$moamo `mZr _hmamOmZm
AmoiIbo d Z_H$ma Ho$bm. dmT>bobr XmT>r. AJmdaMm gmYy dof.
Moh`mdaMo VoO. gdM H$mhr {dbjU hmoVo. H$moamo Am`M{H$V
Pmbo. `mZr _hmamOmZm Kar Mb`mMm AmJh Ho$bm. nU _hmamOmZr
ZH$ma {Xbm. H$moamo `mZr lr. AaqdX Hw$bH$Uu d lr. IQ>mdH$a
`mZm {Zamon {Xbm.
Xwgao {Xder gH$mirM lr. AaqdX Hw$bH$Uu, nwVUr gm.
H$bmdVr, ~hrU gm. maH$m d {VMo `O_mZ lr. amKd| IQ>mdH$a d
BVa Zohr _hmamOmZm ^oQ>m`bm am__{XamV Ambo. _hmamOmZm ~KyZ
gdmZm AmZX Pmbm. Amnbo H$mH$m d _m_m Agbobo am_H$U ZmoH$ar
gmoSy>Z {h_mb`mV OmVmV H$m`? Am{U nyU n[adVZ Pmbobo gmYy
~ZyZ naV `oVmV H$m`? gdM EImm Jmo>rgmaIo. nU nmoemIm`m
n[adVmZm~amo~a, gmo~V Agbobo Moh`mdaMo Am`mp_H$ db` d
S>mo`mVrb VoO bnV ZhVo. nU gd ZmVodmBH$mgmR>r Vo AOyZhr
H$mH$m _m_mM hmoVo. gdmZr `mZm Kar Mb`mMm AmJh Ho$bm. nU
am_H$UH$mH$m AmVm gmYy Pmbo hmoVo. AmdH$s` Am{U ^VJU
`m Z m gmaIo M hmo V o . nw T > o ^{$gmamV _hmamOm Z r H$Yrhr
AmdH$s`mZm PwH$Vo _mn {Xbo Zmhr. lr. AaqdX Hw$bH$Uu d lr.
IQ>mdH$a `mZr K$Z _hmamOmgmR>r OodUmMm S>~m AmUbm hmoVm.
XmoZ {Xdg _hmamO H$`mUMo am__{XamV am{hbo. ~aoMgo Zohr d
AmOZ ^oQy>Z Jobo. `mZr {h_mb`mV`m dmV`m~b {dMmanyg
Ho$br. nU _hmamO `m~b OmV ~mobbo ZmhrV. EH$mVmVyZ ZwH$VoM
bmoH$mVmV Ambo hmoVo. gmYZm d dam` Vrd hmoVo. nydunojm ~mobUo
H$_rM Pmbo hmoVo.
166 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hmamO {_aOo`m KamV

_hmamO {X. 18 Zmoh|~a 1981 `m amr, _hmb_r EgogZo

{_aOobm Jobo. S>m. Zmam`Uamd d lr. lr{Zdmgamd `m C^` ~YwMo Ka
{_aOobm ~mUJrV hmoVo. {X. 19 bm gH$mirM Xmamg_moa OmD$Z
C^o am{hbo. S>m. Zmam`Uamdm`m nZr gm. {dO`md{hZr Xmamg_moa
gS>m Q>mHy$Z amJmoir H$mT>V hmo`m. `mZm Mmhb bmJbr. da ~{KVbo
Va, Xmamg_moa EH$ gmYy C^m. nmT>ar bwJr, da nmT>am P~m, H$mir
nmT>ar XmT>r. nyU dmT>bobr. S>mo`mda ~Xm_r aJmMr bmoH$arMr Q>monr.
nmR>rda PmoirgmaIr EH$ {nedr. S>m`m hmVmV H$S>rMm Q>rbMm S>~m.
S> m o `mVbo d Mo h `mdaMo Vo O bnV ZhVo . _hmamO gm .
{dO`md{hZtH$S>o ~KyZ qH${MV hgbo. AmVm _m {dO`m d{hZt`m
nQ>H$Z bjmV Ambo. _ZmVbm AmZX Moh`mda C_Q>bm. hUm`m,
`m am_H$U^mdOr. XmamVyZ ~mOybm hmoV dmQ> H$$Z {Xbr. _hmamO
KamV Ambo. gH$mir gH$mir H$moU nmhUo Kar Ambo, hUyZ ~Km`bm
S>m. Zmam`Uamd, lr. lr{Zdmgamd d `m`m nZr gm. {doUrd{hZr
d BVa OU ~mhoa Ambo. H$moUrVar naH$m gmYy KamV `oVmo hUOo H$m`?
gm. {dO`md{hZr hUm`m, Ahmo ho am_H$U^mdOr. AmoiIbo Zmhr?
`mZm AmV Va `oD$ m. gdOU Am`M{H$V Pmbo. ZmoH$arV
AgVmZmMm am_H$UmMm, An Qy> S>oQ> nmoemI n[a{MV hmoVm. AmVm
EH$X_ gmYy doe.
Amn`m bmS>`m am_H$UmZo, ho H$m` H$$Z KoVbo? Ago
S>mQ>am`m _ZmV Am`mdmMyZ am{hbo Zmhr. {_aOo`m KamV, n{h`m
_O`mda XodmMr Imobr Amho. VoWoM _hmamOmZr ahmUo ngV Ho$bo.
am_H$Um`m AJmV ~marH$gm Vmn hmoVm. S>m. Zmam`UamdmZr `mZm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 167

AmfY {Xbo. XwnmaMo ~mam dmOVmMo ^OZ AmQ>monyZ gdmZr OodU Ho$bo.
KamV AmO AmZXmMm {Xdg hmoVm. XmoKr d{hZtZr am_H$U^mdOt`m
dmJVmgmR>r {deof Agm ~oV Ho$bm hmoVm. OodUm ZVa _hmamOmZr
XmoZ Vmg {dlmVr KoVbr. gdOU _hmamO CR>m`Mr dmQ> nhmV hmoVo.
`mZm CgwH$Vm hmoVr, Vr _hmamOmZr EdT>o {Xdg {h_mb`mV H$m`
Ho$bo `mMr. Vo `m`m Vm|S>yZ EoH$m`Mo hmoV.o XodKamV gdOU _hmamOmMo
~mOybm ~gbo. WmoS>`mV _hmamOmZr VrZ df} {h_mb`mV`m
dmV`m`m d dmgm`m Jmo>r gm{JV`m. {X. 20, 21 d 22
Zmoh|~abm n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm O_mogd, `>rbm gmOam
hmoUma hmoVm. Iyngmao ^VbmoH$ bm~bm~yZ `>rbm `oUma hmoVo. S>m.
Zmam`UamdmMm `>rMo g_mYr _{Xam`m {dH$mgmV d BVa gd
^VrgmamMo H$m_mV gH$s` dmQ>m hmoVm. Vo amr 9 `m O_IS>r
~gZo `>rbm OmUma hmoVo. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo Amko_mUo
am_H$U, O_ eVmXr g_ma^mgmR>r {h_mb`mVyZ Ambo hUyZ gdmZm
AmZX Pmbm. XwYeH$am `moJ OwiyZ Ambm hmoVm. S>m. Zmam`Uamd d
am_H$U _hmamO amr`m ~gZo {_aOohZ {ZKmbo. `>rbm nmohM`mg
amr gmS>o ~mam dmObo.
`>rV Jw$ {e`mMr Abm{H$H$ ^oQ>

`>r`m ~g Q>mn da CV$Z, _oZ amoS>Zo ~Zh>r`m ~mOyZo WmoS>o

_mJo Ambo. S>m`m ~mOybm Q>Ho $S>rda Om`Mm H$m aVm hmoVm. Q>Ho $S>rdaM
n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo g_mYr _{Xa Amho. nm`dmQ>b
o m bmJbo.
am_H$U _hmamOmZm aSy> AmdaoZmgo Pmbo. gXJw $ `m nm`mer Am`mMm,
Vmo AmZX hmoVm. VoWM
o Imbr ~gbo. _{XamMo {XeoZo gm>mJ Z_H$ma
KmbyZ ""amOm{YamO gXJw $ZmW lr. Zaqghoa _hmamO H$s O`''
168 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

`Q>r g_mYr _{XamVbr Abm{H$H$ AmaVr

g. g. Zaqghoa _hmamO ny`{VWr CgdmVrb

nmbIr gmohim - lrjo `>r

hUyZ gmX KmVbr. S>mQ>amZm H$ioZm, EH$mEH$s am_H$Umbm H$m`

Pmbo? Agm ^Vr Am{U ^mdmMm Ioi H$Yr nm{hbmM ZhVm.
WmoS>m doimZo _hmamO WmoS>o emV Pmbo. AYmamVyZ dmQ> H$mT>V _{XamV
Ambo.
_{XamMo g^mJhmV Xhm ~mam ^VJU " Z_: {edm`'Mm
gm_wXm{`H$ On H$arV, _hmamOmMr dmQ> nhmV hmoVo. lr. JmoqdXamd,
lr. {Onm Zo_Uda d BVa ^VJU hmoVo. gdmZr {_iyZ _hmamOmMm
gH$ma Ho$bm. ~oiJmdMo H$X_ _mVa VoWoM hmoVo. `mZm Iyn AmZX
Pmbm. noQ>rda WmoS>r H$mZS>r ^OZo hQ>br d gdOU Pmonm`bm Kar
Jobo. _hmamO EH$Q>oM Jm^m`mg_moa ~gbo. Jm^mam ~X hmoVm. bmoIS>r
JOmMm XadmOm ~X hmoVm. VoWyZ g_mYr _{XamVbo ` R>iH$nUo {XgV
hmoVo. AmV EH$ N>moQ>rgr g_B, emVnUo VodV hmoVr. {VMm {ndiga
_X H$me, n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo H$m`m MH$MH$sV nmfmUmMo
_yVuda nS>bm hmoVm. S>moio bIbIV hmoVo. Vr _yVu ZhVrM. `j
Zaqgho a _hmamOM {gmgZmV ~gbo hmo V o . bmS> H $m {e`
{h_mb`mVrb IS>Va Vn`m gndyZ naV Jw$Jhr Ambm hmoVm. H$R>rU
narjoV VmdyZ gwbmIyZ nyUdmbm nmohmoMbm hmoVm. `mMm AmZX,
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo _wImda {dbgV hmoVm. am_H$UmZr _moR>m
^Vr^mdmZo gXJw$Zm gm>mJ Z_H$ma KmVbm. CRy>Z _yVuMo g_moa
~gbo. gXJw$Mr _yVu S>moio ^$Z nmh bmJbo. Zaqghoa _hmamO nU
S>moio ^$Z, Amn`m bmS>`m {e`mH$S>o nhmV hmoVo. Jw$ {e`mMo
^oQ>rMm AZwn_ gmohim, _`amrMo gw_mamg {H$VrVar doi Mmbbm
hmoVm. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m H$nm AmerdmXmMo {H$aU, `m`m
S>mo`mVyZ ~mhoa nSy>Z Amn`m gdmJmda nS>V AmhoV. Agm
am_H$U _hmamOmZm ^mg Pmbm. CO`m ~mOybm XrS>EH$eo \w$Q>md a,
AnmMr hUOo lr. JmoqdXamdmMr Imobr hmoVr. Vo _hmamOmMo Wmoabo
^mD$. nmoQ>mVyZ [aQ>m`S> Pm`mda `>rbmM amhZ ^Vr CnmgZm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 169

H$arV. `m doiog `>rbm Q>oH$S>rda bmBQ> ZhVo. gd H$mhr {X`mMo

COoS>mV Mmbo. ZVa _hmamO AmnmMo ImobrV Jobo. ~mob`mV Cabobr
am H$er Jobr Vo H$iboM Zmhr.
`>rMr Abm{H$H$ H$mH$S> AmaVr

nhmQ>o nmMbmM XodimVbr KQ>m dmObr. gdOU H$mH$S> AmaVrbm

_{XamMo g^mJhmV O_bo. YraJ^ra nU n> AmdmOmV H$mH$S>
AmaVrMr gwadmV Pmbr.
`oiw Zmam`Um, `oiw b_ra_Um, `oiw lr {Jardmg lr
`H$Q>e
o m. {H$VrVar {XdgmZr H$mZS>r ^mfoVbr, dmVmdaU g
H$aUmar d ^Vm`m dmr \w${V H$aUmar gm_wXm{`H$ mWZm
H$mZmda nS>V hmoVr. _hmamO EH$X_ VrZ hmoD$Z Jobo. ZVa
gXJw$Zm OmJo H$aUmar mWZm gw$ Pmbr.
Eiw ZaqghoaZo Eiw Jw$ZaqghoaZo Eoiw&
na_oe na_ X`miw&&Y&&
AmVmVa _hmamOmMo Xoh^mZ han`mgmaIo Pmbo. {_Q>bo`m
S>mo`mg_moa Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr VoOnwO, ^VmH$S>o o_inUo
nhmUmar _yVu C^r am{hbr. _hmamOmMo A>gmpdH$ ^md OmJV Pmbo.
S>m
o `mVyZ AmZXmly nmP$ bmJbo. `>rbm nhmQ>o `m H$mH$S> AmaVrMm
gmohimM _moR>m AZwn_ Amho. gXJw$Zm OmJo H$aVm H$aVmM,
^VmMo VZ _ZmV ^{$^md OmJV hmoD$Z, Vmo AmZXmZo S>moby
bmJVmo. `mMo gwI `j hOa ahmUm`mbmM H$iVo. AmO
am_H$U _hmamOmMm ^VJU gmJam_mUo AWmJ Pmbm Amho.
nm{U_o`m Cgdmbm O_bobo Ag` ^VJU EH$m gwamV, YraJ^ra
IS>m AmdmOmV, T>mb
o VwVmar KQ>o `m gmjrZo Oohm H$mH$S> AmaVr`m
170 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

mWZm d `j H$mH$S> AmaVr hUVmV. `mdoigo _{Xam`m AmV`m

d ~mhoa`m gnyU n[agamVbo dmVmdaU ~XbyZ OmVo. AmdmO EoHy$Z
AmOy~mOy`m `>r JmdmVbo ^VJU YmdV YmdV _{XamV `oVmV.
`m AmZX gmoh`mV dV:bm PmoH$y Z XoVmV. Amhr H$mZS>r Z g_OUmao
^VJU nU, AmOhr `m AmZX gmoh`mV Sw>~wZ OmVmo. ^VmMr
{XdgmMr gwadmVM Aer N>mZ hmoVo. `m_wio nwT>o {Xdg^a d amr`m
~mam A^JmMo ^OZmn`V, ^VmMr dV:Mr CnmgZm d gm_wXm{`H$
CnmgZm H$er hmoVo Vo gmJm`bmM ZH$mo.
n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm eVH$_hmogdr
O_mogd `>rV CgmhmZo gmOam

n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm e^amdm O_mogd {X. 22 Zmoh|~a

1981 bm (H$m{VH$ ew nm{U_m) `>r `oWo Iyn _moR>m CgmhmV
gmOam Pmbm. VrZ {Xdg AmYrnmgyZ {Z` CnmgZm. Xmg~moY dmMZ.
Xwnmar d amr dMZo. Xmohr doiog gmXmMo OodU. Agm ^aJ
H$m`H$_ CnpWV ^VOZmgmR>r AmZX gmohimM hmoVm. Odi Odi
250 ^VJU H$ZmQ>H$ d _hmam>mVyZ Amnbo gXJw n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMo Vr Amnbr gX^mdZm d AmXa^md `V H$a`mgmR>r
Ambo hmoVo. _hmamOmMo `j _mJXeZ d ghdmg bm^bo`m ^VmZm
`mMr VrdVZo o AmR>dU hmoV hmoVr. AmVm Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo n>{e`
lr. {Onm Zo_Udma, Amnbo IdQ>H$monMo eoV {dHy$Z `>rbmM
Wm{`H$ Pmbo hmoV.o `mZr {H$amUm_mbmMo XwH$mZ `>rV Q>mHy$Z Amnbm
nM Mmb{dbm hmoVm. {Z` Jw$MaUr amhZ godm H$amdr. A`m CXmm
hoVyZo `mZr ^anya ngm XoUmam, Amnbm IdQ>H$monMm H$ma^ma ~X
Ho$bm. Vo dV:, H$X_ _mVa, lr. _mnm _hmamO, lr. am_Mamd
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 171

_moao _hmamO, lr. JmoqdXamd Hw$bH$Uu(Anm), S>m. Zmam`Uamd

Hw$bH$Uu B. AZoH$ OwZo OmUVo ^VJU, O_eVmXr gmoh`mgmR>r
hOa hmoVo. am_H$U _hmamOmZm gdmWmZo AmoiIUmao _moOHo$M bmoH$
hmoVo. nU VoOnwO Moh`mMo ZdrZ gmYy nmhZ bmoH$mMr ZOa `mModa
pWa hmoB. AmOy~mOybm {dMmanyg H$arV. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo
{e`. {h_mb`mV OmD$Z Vn`m H$$Z Ambo AmhoV. Ago g_O`mda
`mZm AmXamZo Z_H$ma H$arV.
`mdoiog `>r`m g_mYr _{XamMm Jm^mam, AmO Amho VodT>mM
hmoVm. da b~ hmoVr. nU Vr JiV hmoVr. da _{Xamda H$ig ZhVm.
g_moa ^OZmMm hamS>m hmoVm. `mda n`mMr eoS> hmoVr. ^VmMr
g`m dmT>br hUOo, Vo g_moa`m nQ>mJUmV ~gV. CgdmgmR>r `m
nQ>mJUmV _mS>d Q>mHy$Z ^VmMr gmo` Ho$br hmoVr. _{Xam`m S>m`m
~mOybm lr. Anm d lr. _mnm _hmamOmMr Imobr hmoVr. Jm^m`mV
nmT>`m gJ_adar dXmdZmda, n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr
H$m`m MH$MH$sV nmfmUmMr, {gmgZmVbr, Vo O n w O
S>mo`mMr _mohH$ _yVu ^VmZm A^` XoV, `mZ gmYZogmR>r
dm H$arV hmoVr.
VrZ {XdgmMm Cgd _moR>m AmZXmV gmOam Pmbm. gd ^VJU
^{$agmV _ZgmoV Sw>~bo. Ow`m AmR>dUr OmJV Pm`m. n.ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamO AOyZhr Amn`mV AmhoV, hr ^mdZm Amn`m
gmo~V KoD$ZM gd ^VOU eodQ>`m {Xder _hmgmXmZVa
AmnAmn`m Kar Jobo. am_H$U _hmamO `m gnyU CgdmV VYM
hmoVo. _yVuH$S>o nm{h`m~amo~a ^{$^md OmJV hmoD$Z J{hd$Z `oV
Ago. bJoMM `mZ bmJo. {H$VrVar doi `mVyZ ~mhoa nS>V ZgV.
`mZmV naV EH$Xm Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm >mV Pmbm.
`>rbmM amhZ ^Vrgma H$a. Aer Amkm Pmbr. am_H$U
_hmamOmMo dam` `mdoiog _moR>o Vrd hmoVo. EH$mVmMr gd` hmoVr.
172 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

gXJwMo gXJw

n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO, `>r

O_ : H$m{VH$ ew. 14, eHo$ 1803 (5-11-1881)
dHw$R>dmg : A{YH$ lmdU ew. 15, eHo$ 1869 (1-8-1947)

bmoH$mV ZH$mogm dmQ>m`Mm. nU gXJw$Mr Amkm. {VMm drH$ma

H$am`bmM hdm. VVmoVV Vr nmim`bmM hdr.
gwjo `>r A`m_ Aml_mMr Jw$nanam

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

lr. g. g. aodUZmW (M_g Zmam`UmMm AdVma)

lr. g. g. _$i{g
lr. g. g. H$mS>{gZmW, {g{Jar (eH$amMm AdVma)
lr. g. g. Jw$qbJOJ_, qZ~Ju (gV VwH$mam_mMm AdVma)
lr. g. g. aKwZmW{` gmYy, {M_S> jo
lr. g. g. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO C_XrH$a, qhMo{Jar
lr. g. g. Zaqghoa _hmamO ~mJodmS>rH$a, gwjo `>r
lr. g. g. ^V `moJr am_H$U _hmamO, gwjo `>r

g_W gXJw$ Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m

Am`w`mVrb {ZdS>H$ KQ>Zm d `>r
Aml_mMm nm`m

g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo M[a Abm{H$H$ KQ>ZmZr ^abobo

Amho. `mMr {dbjU gmYZm. Vrd dam`, ^{$gmamV doMbobo
gnUy Am`w`. gdM H$mhr dmImU`mgmaIo. n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmZm
g_m{YW Pm`mZVa A`jnUo _mJXeZ H$aUmao g_W gXJw$
Zaqghoa _hmamO, {H$Vr C H$moQ>rVrb _hm_m hmoVo, ho dmMH$m`m
bjmV `o`mgmR>r hm gmam nM.
H$ZmQ>H$mVrb {dOmnya Odi`m, ~gdU ~mJodmS>r `oWo n.ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm O_ H$m{VH$ ew. 14 dH$w R>MVwXe
r, eHo$ 1803,
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 173

e{Zdma {X. 5 Zmoh|~a 1881 gmbr Pmbm. dS>rb lr. JmoqdXamd

Hw$bH$Uu. JmdMo dVZXma. AmB gm. p_Ur. `mZm XmoZ ^mD$ d Mma
~{hUr. _hmamOmMo mn{MH$ Zmd Zaqghamd. earamZo gwT> d ~iH$Q>,
CMr 5 \y$Q> 9 BM. H$amar Moham. CRy>Z {XgUmao `{$_d. `mMo
Hw$VrVbo mdr` dmImU`mgmaIo hmoVo.
bhmZnUmnmgyZ Am`m_mMr AmdS>. {Z`{_V On Omn H$arV.
n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO, C_XrH$a `mMo EH$ na_ {e` lr. d|H$Q>amd
_hmamO. {dOmnyabm dmV`. `mMm d lr. Zaqghamd Hw$bH$Uu `mMm
gnH$ Ambm. d|H$Q>amd _hmamOmZr ZaqghamdmMm Am`m_rH$ A{YH$ma
AmoiIbm hmoVm. Vo ZaqghamdmZm KoD$Z ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmH$S>o Jobo.
^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmZr `mZm AmZXmZo Zm_-~moY Ho$bm. `mZVa
ZaqghamdmMm OrdZH$_M ~XbyZ Jobm. AIS> Zm__aU, `mZ d
Jw$godm, mVM {XdgmMm gnyU doi OmD$ bmJbm. `mVM nZrMo
AH$_mV {ZYZ Pmbo. _J H$m`? ggmamVyZ bjM CS>mbo. gXJw$
n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmZr, 29 OmZodmar 1914 amoOr Amn`m
AdVmamMr g_mr Ho $ br hmo V r. ^mD$gmho ~ _hmamOm M o
dZ>mVm_mUo, Zaqghoa _hmamO B.g. 1932 gmbr AWUr
Vmbw`mVrb EoJir JmdmV Ambo. VoWo am_H$U _hmamOmMo dS>rb
lr. b_Uamd Hw$bH$Uu d H$mH$m lr. JwS>monV Hw$bH$Uu `mMo eoVmV
amhZ, {Z` gmYZm CnmgZm H$$Z ^{$gmamMo nU H$m_ H$arV.
`mMm CoI nyduM Ambm Amho.
n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m AIS> gmYZo_wio Am{U Vrd
dam`m_wio, `mMr Cmamoma JVr hmoD$Z `mZm Am_kmZ m Pmbo.
AZoH$ H$ma`m {gr `mZm AdJV hmo`m. nU Amn`m ^{$gmamV
`mZr, `mMm H$Yrhr Cn`moJ Ho$bm Zmhr. Zm__aUmda `mMr {ZVmV
lm. ^VmH$Sy>Z {Z`{_V Zm__aU d `mZ H$$Z KoV. H$mH$S>AmaVr
nmgyZ amr`m ~mam A^Jmn`V, dV: {Z`{_V CnmgZm H$arV Am{U
174 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

^VmH$Sy>Z nU H$adyZ KoV. H$ZmQ>H$mV `mMm Iyn {e` gXm` V`ma

Pmbm. dMZmVyZ Vo ^VmZm ~moY H$arV. `mMr dMZo hUOo Mmahr
doX Am{U Cn{ZfXmMo gmaM. dMZ EoH$VmZm ^VOZ VrZ hmoD$Z
OmV Am{U bJoMM CnmgZobm bmJo. Ad`m gXwg> dfm`m
Am`w`mVrb, nMoMmirg df} `mZr gnyU ^{$gmamV `VrV Ho$br.
JmdmoJmdr gMma H$$Z Vo ^Vr_mJmMm gma H$arV. qhMo{Jar`m
_wI WmZr bmoH$mZm, ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMo XeZmg nmR>[dV. gXJw $
^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMm Zmdbm{H$H$ dmT>{d`mMoM H$m_ Am`w`^a
Ho$bo. nXmonXr ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMo Zmd `mMo Vm|S>r Ago. `mM{o edm`
nmZhr hmbV Zgo. Ago gnyU gXJw$_` Pmbobo _hm_m. g_mYr
H$mbmZ V a nU Amn`m AmdS> `m {e`mbm hUOo M
am_H$Umbm, hmV Y$Z na_mWmMr dmQ>Mmb H$arV "ZamMm
Zmam`U' ~Z{dbo.
B.g. 1946 gmbmnmgyZ Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr H$Vr {~KS>br.
JmdmoJmd gMma H$aUo AdKS> Pmbo. O_IS>rV ^VmMo Kar amh bmJbo.
^VJU dmT>bm hmoVm. OmJm nwaV ZhVr. `>rVbr Q>oH$S>rdaMr
OmJm, _hmamOmMo _ZmV ^abr hmoVr. VoWoM Aml_ WmnZ H$$Z,
EH$mM {R>H$mUr ahmdo d ^Vrgma H$amdm Ago \$ma _ZmV hmoVo. Vr
OmJm O_IS>r`m nQ>dYZ gaH$maMo _mbH$sMr hmoVr. O_IS>rVbr
dH$sb _S>ir d nwT>mar lr. ~r. S>r. Omr ho _hmamOmMo ^VJU.
`mZr [aVga AO Ho$bm. Amnbo dOZ IM Ho$bo. Iyn `Z Ho$bo.
eodQ>r E{b 1947 _`o `m doiMo amOo lr_V eH$aamd Anmgmho~
nQ>dYZ `mZr, Vr OmJm `>r Aml_mg Xo`mg _Owar {Xbr. _OwarMr
[aVga H$mJXno V`ma hmoD$Z `m`Mr hmoVr. ^VmZr hr Jmo> Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMo H$mZmda KmVbr. `mZm Iyn AmZX Pmbm. ""hr gd
^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMr BN>m.'' hUyZ bJoMM AmaVr Ho$br. nwT>o
lr. ~r.S>r. Omr ho dV ^maV am`mMo _mZZr` Cnam>nVr Pmbo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 175

n>{e` {OmnmZr {e`mMm A{YH$ma

Jw$Zm gwZmdbm

nU {d{Y{bIrV H$mhr doJioM hmoVo. OyZ 1947. _hmamOm`m

nm`mMo XwIUo {dH$monmg Jobo. naV _Yw_ohmMo XwIUo hmoVoM. `mVM
nm`mbm Pmbobr OI_ {MKibr. MmJ`m _moR>m XdmIm`mV ZoD$Z
CnMmamMr JaO hmoVr. nU nmmMm Z hmoVm. IdQ>H$monMo lr.
{Omnm Zo_Udma. _hmamOmMo {Zgr_ ^V. `mZm H$ibo. bJoMM
Amnbo EH$ eoV {dHy$Z, ngo KoD$Z amVmoamV O_IS>rbm Ambo. eoV
Amn`mgmR>r {dH$bo hUyZ Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm Iyn amJ Ambm. Vo
{OmnmZm Iyn ~mobbo. _m`mgmR>r ggmamMr amI amJmoir H$$ ZH$mog.
_r Vw`m nmmZr CnMma H$aUma Zmhr. Vy ngo KoD$Z naV Om Am{U eoV
gmoS>dyZ Ko. Jw$ hUyZ _mPr Vwbm Amkm Amho.
emV {MmmZo {OmnmZr _hmamOmMo ~mobUo EoHy$Z KoVbo.
hUmbo, _hmamO Vwhr _bm {e` _mZboV. mV gdH$mhr
Ambo. Jw$ hUyZ Vwhr Oo gm{JVbo, Vo _r EoH$bo. AmVm {e`
hUyZ _r H$m` gmJVmo, Vo Vwhr EoH$m. ~mOybm ~gbobr ^V
_S>ir H$mZ XoD$Z EoHy$ bmJbr. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr H$mZ
Q>dH$mabo. _hmamO Jw$ hm {e`mbm d{S>bmnojm OmV Amho.
Jw$Mr VZ _Z YZmZo godm H$a`mMm A{YH$ma {e`mbm Amho.
Vw_`m gmaIm lmor` Am_kmZr Jw$ bm^bm. ho _mPo
na_^m`. Vwhr m Za XohmMo H$`mU Ho$bo. _mPm Ord Oar
Vw_`md$Z AmodmiyZ Q>mH$bm, Var Vw_Mo F$U {\$Q>Uma ZmhrV.
_J m eoVmMo H$m`? _bm _mPm {e` Y_ nmiy m. Vmo
nmi`mMo AmS> `o`mMm A{YH$ma H$moUmbmM Zmhr. _m`m
Jw$Zm nU Vmo Zmhr. Mbm _m`m~amo~a. {_aOo`m {_eZ
176 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

hmnrQ>b_Yo OmD$Z, bmJVrb Vo CnMma H$$. `mgmR>r bmJob

Va _m`m gddmMr hmoir H$arZ. Ago hUyZ {Onm aSy> bmJbo.
_hmamOmMo nm`mda S>moHo$ R>do Zy , nwhm nwhm {_aOobm Mb`mMr
{dZVr H$$ bmJbo. {e`mMr na_mo ^mdZm ~KyZ Zaqghoa
_hmamOmZm J{hd$Z Ambo. _hmamOmZr {_aOobm Om`mg
_m`Vm {Xbr. _hmamOmMo _moR>no U {e`m`m V`marV {Vq~{~V
Pmbo hmoVo.
Zaqghoa _hmamO CnMmamgmR>r {_aOoV

_hmamOmMo {e` JmoqdXamd ho {_aOoV hmoV.o Vo am_H$U _hmamOmMo

Wmoabo ^mD$. noeb JmS>r Ho$br. {Omnm d XmoKo ^VJU Zaqghoa
_hmamOmZm KoD$Z, {_aOobm JmoqdXamdmMo Kar Jobo. _hmamOmMr
n[apWVr nmhZ JmoqdXamdmZm dmBQ> dmQ>bo. S>m. Zmam`Uamd KarM
hmoVo. gdOU _hmamOmZm KoD$Z {_eZ hmnrQ>b_Yo Jobo. noeb $_
KoVbr. S>m. eerb `mMo CnMma Mmby Pmbo. Hw$R>`mhr IMmgmR>r
{Omnm _mJo nwT>o nhmV ZhVo. nU hUmdm Vgm JwU `oV ZhVm. lr.
{Omnm, lr. ~idVamd hmomS>, lr. JmoqdXamd d S>m. Zmam`UamdmMr
AIS> godm Mmby hmoVr. _hmamOmZm ^oQ>m`bm bm~ bm~yZ ^VJU
`oV hmoVo. noeb $_ hmoVrM. EdT>m AmOmanUmV nU, Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMr {Z` CnmgZm ImobrVM Mmbo. ho gd nmhZ S>m.
eerb hUmbo, ho hmnrQ>b Amho H$s _{Xa? _bm H$mhrM
g_OV Zmhr. EImm noeQ>bm ^oQ>m`bm `oUmam, EdT>m _moR>m
OZg_wXm` _r H$YrM nm{hbm Zmhr.
{_aOo`m {_eZ hmnrQ>b_Yo CnMma KoD$Z, Odi Odi _{hZm
hmoV Ambm. nm`mMr OI_ ^$Z `oV ZhVr. JJarZ hmo`mMr e`Vm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 177

hmoVr. S>m. eerb hUmbo, AYm nm` H$mnmdm bmJob. VaM nyU ~ao
hmb. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO `mgmR>r A{O~mV V`ma ZhVo.
na_oamZo {Xbobm Za Xoh. H$YrVar OmUmaM. `m`m _mohmV
nSy>Z nm` H$mnyZ `m`bm `mMm {damoY hmoVm. S>m. eerb hUmbo,
Ago Agob Va _bm H$mhrM CnMma H$aVm `oUma ZmhrV. Vwhr `mZm
Kar KoD$Z Om. mnwT>o XdmIm`mV amhZ H$mhrM Cn`moJ Zmhr. _hmamO
hUmbo, ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMr BN>m. `m_mUoM hmoBb
. Ago hUyZ
_hmamO Kar Om`mg V`ma Pmbo. {X. 2 Owb 1947 bm hmnrQ>b
_YyZ {S>gMmO {_imbm. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm AdVma
g_mrMr Mmhb bmJbr hmoVr.
{_aOo`m VdkmZ _{XamV Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMo {ZdmUmAmYrMo dMZ

Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm hmnrQ>b_YyZ {_aOo`m VdkmZ _{XamV

AmU`mV Ambo. {XdgmJ{UH$ H$Vr T>mgiVM hmoVr. H$ZmQ>H$ d
_hmam>m`m {d{dY ^mJmVyZ emoH$mHy$b ^VJU {_aOoV `oD$ bmJbm.
g`m dmT>VM hmoVr. _hmamOmMr H$Vr ~KyZ `mZm aSy> AmdaV ZhVo.
V`m n[apW{VV _hmamO XeZmbm Ambo`m ^VJUmMr {dMmanyg
H$$Z `mZm nma_m{WH$ _mJXeZ H$arV hmoVo. WmoS>m ~mob`mZohr
WH$dm OmUdV hmoVm.
EH$ {Xdg VdkmZ _{XamV Iyn _moR>m ^VJU O_bm hmoVm.
^Vm`m H$`mUmMr AmV[aH$ Vi_i _hmamOmZm dW ~gy XoBZm.
lr. JmoqdXamd d lr. {OmnmMo _XVrZo Vo ~mhoa Ambo. ^Vm`m
g_moa IwMuV ~gbo. ^VJUmH$S>o nhmVmM _hmamOmZm h$n Ambm.
WH$dm Zmhrgm Pmbm. OZH$`mUmMo AmV[aH$ o_ CM~iyZ Ambo.
178 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr dMZmg gwadmV Ho$br. AdVma g_mr`m

AmYrMo dMZ. _hmamO dMZmg Zoh_r doJ doJio {df` KoV. {df`
gmonm H$$Z gmJV. emew Ago AJXr gmo`m ^mfoV {ddaU. {df`
nQ>H$Z g_Oo. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm, ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmH$Sy>Z
{_imbobr Vr EH$ XoUJrM.
AmOMm {df` hmoVm XodmMo d$n. _hmamOmZr gwadmV Ho$br.
Iam Xod EH$M. nU Vmo AmnUmg Mma d$nmV {XgVmo. ^VmZm
AmH$bZ hmo`mgmR>r Am{U `mMo mrgmR>r.
1) YmVy nmfmUmMr _yVu AkmZ ~mbH$ AmOmo~mMr H$mR>r
KoVmo. {VMm KmoS>m H$aVmo. H$mR>r`m KmoS>mda dma hmoVmo. I`m
KmoS>mda dma Pm`mMo g_OyZ AmZ{XV hmoVmo. ^Vr`m mW{_H$
AdWoV, ^V _yVubmM gJwU Xod _mZyZ `mMr nyOm AMm H$aVmo
Am{U VgmM AmZ{XV hmoVmo. `m_wio `mMm AmV[aH$ ^md OmJV
hmoVmo. `m ^mdmZoM `mbm gJwUXodmMr {MVr `oVo.
2) AdVmar gV_hm_o nwT>`m nm`arda Jo`mda ^V
AdVmar gmYy gVmMr M[ao dmMVmo. `mMr nyOm H$aVmo. `mMo VdkmZ
g_OmdyZ KoVmo. `mMr {eH$dU AmMaUmV AmUVmo. `m_wio `mMo
{Mm ew hmoVo. Vmo gmYH$ AdWogmR>r nm hmoVmo.
3) AVam_m nwT>rb AdWoV gmYH$mbm, gXJw$Mm bm^
hmoVmo. Amnbm AVam_mM Iam Xod Amho, ho `mbm H$iyZ `oVo. gd
MamMambm `mnyZ am{hbobm, gd MbZ dbZmMr MoVZm AgUmam,
AVam_m hmM na_m`mMm Ae Amho. _J gmYH$ Am_$nr XodmMr
CnmgZm H$aVmo. `mZ H$aVmo. hiyhiy AVam`mMo gHo$V `mbm H$iy
bmJVmV. gXJw$ H$noMo db` `m`m nmR>r_mJo AgVoM.
4) {ZJwU {ZamH$ma na~ XodmMo _yi d$n {ZJwU {ZamH$ma
na~M Amho. `m`m nmgyZ _m`m {Z_mU Pmbr. _J nM_hm^yVm_H$
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 179

g>r {Z_mU Pmbr. ZVa 84 bj `moZrVbr Ordg>r {Z_mU Pmbr.

Xmg~moYmV `mMo gnyU {ddaU Ho$bobo Amho. ew d$n {ZJwU Xodm`m
mrgmR>r gXJw$ H$noMrM Amd`H$Vm Amho. lmor` Am_kmZr
gXJw$ {e`mbm AmnUm gmaImM ~ZdVmo.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo dMZ IynM N>mZ Pmbo. lmoVo g_mYmZmZo
S>mobV hmoVo. _hmamO naV ImobrV Ambo. bJoM `mZm Ymn bmJbr.
nm`m`m doXZmZr {dhim`bm bmJbo. JmoqdXamd hUmbo, dMZmV
Vwhmbm EH$Xmhr Ymn bmJbr Zmhr. _J AmmmM H$m` Pmbo? _hmamO
hgbo. dMZmMo doiog _r _mPr emar[aH$ `mYr ~mOybm H$mTy>Z R>odbr
hmoVr. AmVm Vr naV _m`mOdi Ambr. {X. 1771947 bm
^VJU AmnAmn`m Jmdr naV Jobo. naV Om`bm `mMm nm` {ZKV
ZhVm. AmOmanUmV _hmamOmOdi amhZ `mMr godm H$amdr Ago
dmQ>V hmoVo. _hmamOmZrM `mZm naV nmR>{dbo. _moOHo$M {e`
`m`mOdi Wm~bo hmoVo.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm AdVma g_mrMm
gHo$V d ^VmZm AmdmhZ

Zaqghoa _hmamO {OmnmZm hUmbo, AmVm m XohmMo

H$m` gnbo. m `mYrJV XohmZo ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmZr {Xbob,o
^VrgmamMo H$m_ hmoUma Zmhr. AmVm O_IS>rV OmD$Z _r
Xoh R>odVmo. {Omnm _ZmVyZ hmXabo. _hmamOm`m BN>o_mUo {X.
2371947 amoOr `mZm, {_aOoVyZ O_IS>rbm AmU`mV Ambo.
a`mV `oVmZm `>r`m {Z`moOrV Aml_mMr OmJm ~Km`Mr hmoVr.
nU AJmV mUM ZhVo. a`mda JmS>r Wm~dbr. hmVmZrM {ZX}e
H$$Z, a`m`m CO`m ~mOyMr, Q>Ho $S>rdaMr OmJm `mZm XmI{d`mV
180 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Ambr. ""^mD$gmho~ _hmamO H$s O`.'' hUyZ OmJoH$S>o bm~Zy M

~KyZ, `mZr Xmohr hmV OmoS>bo. `mM OmJoda Aml_ hm`Mm
hmoVm. nU Vmo Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo h`mVrV ZgyZ, `mMo h`mVr
ZVa. gXJw$Mr BN>mM Ver hmoVr Am{U Aml_ hm`Mm hmoVm,
Vmo g_mYr _{XamMo $nmV. Vo H$moUmbmM _mhrV ZhVo. _mhrV
hmoVo Vo \$V, ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO d Zaqghoa _hmamOmZmM.
g`mH$mir _hmamO O_IS>rbm nmohmoMbo. `mMo {e` lr. ~idVamd
hmomS> `mZr JUnVr JrVrb EH$m dV KamV, `mMr ahm`mMr
gmo` Ho$br hmoVr.
Mma {Xdg _hmamOmZr nyU _mZ nmibo. ~gdV ZhVo nU nbJmda
nS>`m nS>`mM ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMm, g Moh`mMm \$moQ>mo g_moa
{XgV hmoVm. Mma {Xdg AmV[aH$ CnmgZm Mmby hmoVr. nm` IynM
XwIV hmoVm. OI_ R>gR>gV hmoVr. AmfY d WmoS>o\$ma ImUo. Vohr Z
~mobVmM. {X. 2871947 bm _hmamOmZr _mZ gmoS>b.o gd ^VmZm
g`mH$mir ~mobmdyZ KoVbo. O_IS>r d AmOy~mOy`m n[agamVrb
Ag` ^VJU Jmoim Pmbm. _hmamOmZr H$`mbm ~mobmdbo Agob?
`oH$m`m _ZmV CgwH$Vm hmoVr. _hmamOmMr H$Vr OmVM Imbmdbr
hmoVr. g`mH$mi Pmbr. gdOU _hmamOmMr dmQ> nhmV ~gbo. _hmamO
XmoKm ^VmMm AmYma KoV ~mhoa Ambo. IwMuda ~gbo.
_hmamOmZr ~mob`mg gwadmV Ho$br. AmdmO IUIUrV hmoVm.
^VOZhmo, _r _m`m gnyU Am`w`mV, ^Vr dmT>d`mMoM H$m_
Ho$bo. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOm`m AmkoMo nyUV`m nmbZ Ho$bo. `mgmR>r
_m`m dV:Mm, _m`m KamXmamMm, H$YrM {dMma Ho$bm Zmhr. VZ_Z-YZmZo gXJw$ H$m`mbm dmhZ KoVbo. `mbm n.ny. ^mD$gmho~
_hmamO d Vwhr gdOU gmjr AmhmV. VarnU H$YrVar Z H$iV
_m`m hmVyZ H$mhr MyH$ Pmbr Agob! n`mMm Ja`dhma Pmbm
Agob! r~b JadVZ KS>bo Agob! Va Vwhr Z Km~aVm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 181

{Z:gH$moMnUo gJ`mg_moa gmJm. _r Vw_Mr _m\$s _mJm`bm

V`ma Amho. Mma {XdgmZr, _r hm Xoh gmoSy>Z OmUma Amho. gd
^VJU AM{~V hmoD$Z _hmamOmH$S>o nmh bmJbo. gdmMo S>moio ^$Z
Ambo. gd VYVm ngabr. _hmamOmZr nwhm gd g^obm AmdmhZ
Ho$bo. bmoH$hmo AmVmM H$m` Vo ~mobm. _ZmV R>oD$ ZH$m. hr doi nwhm
`oUma Zmhr. _r Jo`mZVa ~mobyZ H$m` Cn`moJ! AmVm _m gd ^VmZm
g_OyZ MwH$bo. Mma {XdgmZVa _hmamO IamoIa Xoh R>odUma. gd
^VJU aSy> bmJbo. Amn`m gnyU Am`w`mV Zaqghoa _hmamO
{ZH$bH$ hmoVo. `mMm ewnU `mMr ZmbVr H$a`mgmR>r,
ImoQ>onUmZo H$mhr gmJy eH$Uma Zmhr. Aer n[apWVr.
nU Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm Ho$dT>m hm _moR>onUm! Ho$dT>o ho
Y`! ^ag^oV A`m VhoZo AmdmhZ H$$Z, Amn`m M[amMr
dmhr XoUmam "_hm_m' EImXmM. gJ`m _R>m{YnVr d
Am`mp_H$ Jw$Zm AmXe R>amdm Ago Abm{H$H$ `{$_d.
AdVma g_m H$aVmZm, Odi Hw$R>brhr nwOr Zmhr. Hw$R>brhr
BQ> o Q > Zmhr. hmo V o \$V ^VOZm `m X`mV Agbo b o
AT>iWmZ. gd ^VJU C\y$VnUo hUy bmJbo. ""^mD$gmho~
_hmamO H$r O`.'' ""Zaqghoa _hmamO H$s O`.'' {H$VrVar
doi hm O`O`H$ma Mmby hmoVm. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr C^o amhZ, gd
g^obm Xmohr hmV OmoSy>Z A{^dmXZ Ho$bo. OUy Vo gmJV hmoVo.
""Amhr Mmbbmo Am_w`m Jmdm& Am_wMm am_am_ `mdm&&
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo dHw$R>J_Z

Mma {Xdgm Z r Xo h gmo S > `mMm g H o $ V, _hmamOm Z r {X.

2871947 `m ^ag^oVM {Xbm hmoVm. eodQ>Mo Mma {Xdg,
182 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hmamOmMr H$Vr IynM ZmOyH$ hmoVr. nbJmda nSy>ZM hmoVo. _ZmV,

{Xdg am ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMm `mgM hmoVm. gH$mi g`mH$mi`m
AmaVrbm CRy>Z ~gV. nU earambm VodT>ohr H$> ghZ hmoV ZhVo.
{ZdS>H$ ^VJU VodT>o godoH$arVm Odi hmoVo. AmfY d WmoS>ogo OodU.
Vo nU ^Vm`m g_mYmZm H$arVm. eodQ>Mm {Xdg {X. 181947,
ewH$ dma COmS>bm. {VWr hmoVr lmdU nmUu_m. Zaqghoa _hmamO
gH$minmgyZM WmoS>o \w${V {XgV hmoVo. H$mH$S> AmaVr Pmbr.
XwnmaMo ^OZ gnbo. XwnmaMo XmoZ dmObo hmoVo. _hmamO Oodm`bm
CRy>Z ~gbo. hOa Agbo`m gd ^VmH$Sy>Z EH$ EH$ Kmg KoVbm
d hgV hgVM `mZW ~gbo. mg ~aKmV pWa Ho$bm.
mU XohmnmgyZ AbJX doJim Ho$bm Am{U dHw$R>J_Z Ho$bo.
Odi Agbo`m ^VJUmZm H$mhrM g_Obo Zmhr. H$mhr jUmVM
gd KS>bo. CnpWV ^VmZm Xw:ImMm AmdoJ AZmda Pmbm. gdOU
_moR> _moR>mZo aSy> bmJbo. {OmnmZr gdmZm emV Ho$bo. nmhVm nmhVm
~mV_r Xyada ngabr. ^VmMm _hmgmJa O_IS>rbm bmoQ>bm.
_hmamOmMm Xoh eJma`mV Ambm. {gmgZmV nbJmda ~gdbo.
AIS> ^OZ, CnmgZm gw$ Ho$br. emoH$mHy$b ^VOZ XeZ H$$Z
~mhoa Wm~y bmJbo. ~arMer ~mU _S>ir A`XeZmbm Ambr hmoVr.
qbJm`Vm_mUo Xoh ~gdbobm nmhZ `mZm Am` dmQ>bo. Odi`m
^VmZr `mMo g_mYmZ Ho$bo. Xwgao {Xder gH$mir Xhm dmOVm,
dmm`m JOamV _hmamOmMr AV`mm {ZKmbr. qhXy Y_m_mUo
{VaS>rda Xoh R>odbm hmoVm. ^aJ A`m AZV hmam_wio {VaS>r ^$Z
Jobr hmoVr. _hmamOmMm hgV_wI Moham VodT>m CKS>m hmoVm. mU
Jo`mZVa gd gm_m` _mUgmMm Xoh VmR>aVmo. nU m
_hmnwfmMm Xoh _m AJXr _wbm`_ hmoVm. hmV nm` nm{hOo
Vgo diV hmoV.o oV dmQ>VM ZhVo. MoVZm XohmVM Ag`mgmaIr
dmQ>V hmoVr. Ho$dT>o ho Am`? n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO, {H$Vr
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 183

CH$moQ>rMo _hm_m hmoVo! mMmM hm nwamdm. lr. ~r.S>r. Omr

gmho~mZr A``mogmR>r noeb gwQ>r Omhra Ho$br hmoVr. g~Y O_IS>r
JmdmV {\$$Z, XmoZ VmgmZr A``mm O~Jr JmdMo H$UmVramda
nmohMbr. MXZm`m bmH$S>mMr {MVm aMbr hmoVr. _hmamOmMm Xoh
`mda R>od`mV Ambm. emmoV nVrZo _mJr Xo`mV Ambm. ew
VwnmMr AmhVr {MVmJrbm Xo`mV Ambr.
H$Um ZXr`m Vramda, _hmamOm`m Xohmbm _mJr Xo`mV Ambm.
{MVo`m gajUmgmR>r VrZ {Xdg, lr. {Omnm d BVa H$mhr ^VmZr
VoWM
o ahm`mMo R>a{dbo. VodT>mV AH$_mV MhH$Sy>Z nmD$g ^$Z
Ambm. {dOo`m H$S>m`mV OmoaXma nmdgmMr d>r Pmbr.
dUamOmZo nU _hmamOmZm eodQ>Mo A{^dmXZ Ho$bo. gd ajm
dmhZ Jobr. AJrZo COibo`m, Ja_ Ja_ AWr, d$U amOmZo
erVb Ho$`m. AmVm {MVo`m gajUmMr Amd`H$VmM ZhVr.
bJmobJ gd AWr Jmoim H$$Z O_IS>rbm AmU`mV Am`m.
g`mH$miMo gmV dmObo hmoV.o _hmamOmMm ApWH$be nbJmda R>Do $Z
lmdU gmh nyU H$a`mV Ambm.
`>rV g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m
Aml_mMr WmnZm

amOo nQ>dYZ gaH$ma H$Sy>Z `>r`m {Z`mo{OV Aml_mgmR>r`m

OmJoMo _Owarn, _hmamOmZr Xoh R>odbm `mM {Xder Ambo. {H$Vr
`moJm`moJ hm! Xwgao {Xder _hmamOmMo _wI ^VJU O_IS>rV EH$
O_bo. gXJw$ Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr `mgmR>r Amnbo Am`w` doMbo.
Vmo d$n gXm`mMm ^{$_mJ. bmoH$m`m H$`mUmgmR>r nwT>o
Mmbdm`bmM hdm. _hmamOmMr g_mYr H$moR>o ~mYm`Mr? Aml_ H$moR>o
184 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

WmnZ H$am`Mm? Vmo H$moUr Mmbdm`Mm? CnmgZm gmh H$moR>o H$am`Mo?

Ago ~aoMgo Z g_moa hmoVo. eodQ>r gdmZw_Vo R>abo {H$, B. g. 1939
gmbr gw$ Pmbobm O_IS>rMm Aml_, AmVm `>r`m ZdrZ OmJoV
`mdm. OmJoMr [aVga _Owar AmbobrM hmoVr. g.g. Zaqghoa
_hmamOm`m ApWMm H$be VoWo R>oD$Z g_mYr _{Xa ~mYmdo. XZ{XZ
CnmgZm d dm{fH$ Cgd {Z`_rV nUo g_mYr _{XamVM H$amdo. gd
^VJU ~mhoa JmdMo. hr H$m`_ d$nr O~m~Xmar H$moUr `mdr?
eodQ>r IdQ>H$monMo Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo {Zgr_ ^V, lr. {Onm
~nm Zo_Udma V`ma Pmbo. W_ nmgyZM _hmamOmda `mMo
_ZmnmgyZ o_. {ZdmW ^Vr. _hmamOmMo H$m` H$a`mMo ^m`
bm^`m_wio, `mZm _ZmnmgyZ AmZX Pmbm.
gH$pnV Aml_m`m _moH$`m OmJoV, W_ EH$ PmonS>r ~mYbr.
Q>o~bmda n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm _moR>m \$moQ>mo R>odbm. bJoMM
`>r`m H$mhr ^Vm`m _XVrZo, lr. {OnmZr VoWo XZ{ XZ CnmgZobm
gwadmV Ho$br.

^Vlo> {OnmMm gddmMm `mJ d

`>rV g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m
g_mYr _{XamMr WmnZm

B.g. 1948, lmdU nmUu_obm Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr W_

nw`{VWr. IdQ>H$monMm `mnma d `>r`m Aml_mVrb {Z`
CnmgZm. Xmohr lr. {Onm Zo_Udma `mZm O_oZmgo Pmbo. eodQ>r
nm{U_o`m AmYrM, `mZr IdQ>H$monMo XwH$mZ ~X Ho$bo. `>rV
H$m`_Mo ahm`bm Ambo. _oZ amoS>da N>moQ>ogo {H$amUm_mbmMo XwH$mZ
M[aVmWmgmR>r Mmby Ho$bo. _hmamOm`m W_ nw`{VWr`m {Xder,
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 185

N>moQ>m`m g_mYr _{Xam`m ~mYH$m_mMm _whyV Ho$bm Jobm. `mdoiog

~aoMeo ^VJU O_bo hmoV.o gdmMr J[a~r hmoVr. _{XamMo ~mYH$m_mbm
~amM IM hmoVm. gdOU H$miOrV hmoVo. lr. {Onm hUmbo, H$mhr
H$miOr H$$ ZH$m. _r IdQ>H$monMr H$mhr eoVr {dHy$Z `>rbm
ahm`mg Ambmo, Vo _hmamOm`m godogmR>rM. eoVrVyZ Ambobm gd
ngm, _r _{XamgmR>r IM H$arZ. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m oaUoZoM
ho gd hmoV Amho.
B.g. 1950 gmbr N>moQ>ogo _{Xa V`ma Pmbo. AmO Agbobm
Jm^mam. `mda b~. g_moa n`mMr eoS> Agbobo g^mJh. Amogar
gmaIo. ^VmZm ~gm`bm. CnmgZm `mZ H$am`bm. nm{U_o`m {Xder
O_IS>rhZ _hmamOm`m ApWMm H$be AmUbm. Vmo Jm^m`mV R>do Zy
~mOyZo dXmdZ ~mYbo. `mda Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm gwXa, ~mobH$m
Moham Agbobm \$moQ>mo. dXmdZmg_moa _hmamOm`m nmXwH$m. gd IM
{OnmZr Ho$bm. OdiMr nwOr gnw>mV Ambr. nwT>o J[a~rV {Xdg
H$mT>mdo bmJbo. nU `mMr `mZm ndm ZhVr. gd H$miOr H$aUmao d
ggmamMm JmS>m Mmb{dUmao g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOM hmoVo. B.g.
1950 Mo lmdU nm{U_b
o m, [aVga {dYr`wV g_mYr _{XamMr WmnZm
Pmbr. O_IS>rVrb doXgn ~mUdJ CnpWV hmoVm. ^Vlo>
{OnmZm _ZmnmgyZ AmZX Pmbm. J{hd$Z Ambo. Amnbo gXJw$
`>rV Ambo. AmVm AmnUmg `mMr, {Z`{_V godm H$am`bm {_iob.
`>r`m AmO`m ^` Am{U gd gn A`m g_mYr _{XamMo
OZH$, lr. {Onm Zo_Udma hoM AmhoV. AmOhr _{XamVbr
{Z` nyOm `m`m _wbmH$S>ZM Ho$br OmVo.
dV ^maV am`mV, lr. ~r.S>r. Omr ho H$ZmQ>H$ am`mMo
_w`_r hmoVo. Vo Zoh_r `>rbm Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo XeZmbm `oV.
`mZr g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m _yVuMo H$m_ _Zmda KoVbo. H$m`m
nmfmUmMr h~ohy~, gwXa Aer _yVu `mZr hgwaMo H$mam{JamH$Sy>Z V`ma
186 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

H$adyZ KoVbr. `mMm gd IM `mZr Ho$bm. B.g. 1965 lmdU ew

nm{U_og hUOo Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo nw`{VWrMo {Xder n.ny.
_mYdmZX ^y`m ew^hVo, _{XamMo Jm^m`mVrb dXmdZmda _yVuMr
mU{V>m H$a`mV Ambr.
am_H$U _hmamOmMo `>rV dmV` d
JmoqdXamdmMr CnmgZm

CgdmZVa _hmamO WmoS>o {Xdg `>rbmM am{hbo. AnmMr Imobr

bhmZ nS>m`Mr. _hmamOmMo {Xdg^amMo `mZ-gmYZ n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMo g_mYr g_moa`m hamS>mV Mmbo. nU XeZmbm `oUmao
bmoH$ KQ>m dmOdrV. `m_wio gmYZmV ``` `oB. AnmMo ImobrV
nm{hOo Vgm EH$mV {_iV Zgo. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m g_mYr _{Xam`m
_mJ`m ~mOyg, H$mS>{goamMo N>moQ>ogo _{Xa hmoVo. nyOm Pm`mda VoWo
ghgm H$moUr `oV Zgo. EH$mV hmoVm. _J am_H$U _hmamO VoWoM ~gyZ
gmYZ H$arV. H$Yr H$Yr Pmonm`bm nU VoWoM OmV. Xmohr _{Xao
Q>oH$S>rdaM AmhoV. AmVm IynM gwYmaUm Pm`m AmhoV. `mdoiog
VoWo OJbM hmoVo. Q>oH$S>r`m Imb`m ~mOyZo N>moQ>rgr ZXr dhmVo.
{VMo Zmd nmnZm{eZr. `m_wio Zoh_rM dhmUmam Jma dmam. {h_mb`mV
AgVmZm`m dmVmdaUmMr AmR>dU hmoV hmoVr.
Am K mo i rgmR> r Q> o H $S> r CV$Z ZXrda Omdo bmJo . `o V m Z m
dmna`mgmR>r nm`mMr KmJa ^$Z AmUmdr bmJo. da Q>oH$S>rda nmUr
ZhVoM. lr. JmoqdXamdmMr CnmgZm _moR>r H$S>H$. nhmQ>o gmS>o MmabmM
CR>V. nhmQ>o nmM dmOVm H$mH$S> AmaVr, XwnmaMo ^OZ, g`mH$miMo
^OZ, amrMo ~mam A^J gd H$mhr {Z`_m_mUo {Z`{_V H$arV. H$Yr
H$Yr EH$Q>M
o AgV. nU H$Q>mim Ho$bm Zmhr. Amig Va `mZm Km~$Z
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 187

Ago. XmoZ \$bmJ AVamda, ~Zh>r`m a`mda, ~mOy`m eoVmV

EH$ _moR>r {dhra Amho. H$mH$S> AmaVr ZVa Q>oH$S>r CV$Z {d{harda
OmV. AmKmoi H$$Z `oVmZm, {n`mMo nm`mMr KmJa ^$Z AmUrV.
dV: d`nmH$ H$$Z Xwnmar Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm Zdo XmIdrV.
_JM OodrV. am_H$U _hmamOmZm Amn`m Wmoa`m ^mdmMo H$mVwH$
dmQ>bo. AnmMo d` hiy hiy dmT>V hmoVo. mg hmoV hmoVm. nU godoV,
CnmgZoV H$Yr H$gya Ho$br Zmhr. _hmamO nU AnmZm _XV H$arV.
Ago XmoZ _{hZo {ZKyZ Jobo.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr am_H$Um`m
{Z`mo{OV ImobrMr OmJm XmI{dbr

`>rbm ahm`Mo, Va ImobrMr H$mhrVar `dWm H$am`bm nm{hOo.

`>rMm Anmamd JdS>r, Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm ^V hmoVm. AnmMo
Imobr`m eoOmarM EH$ Imobr ~mYmdr, Ago gdmZw_Vo R>abo. nU
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo _ZmV H$mhrVar doJioM hmoV.o Xwnmar MmaMo gw_mamg
am_H$U _hmamO EH$Q>M
o g_mYrg_moa `mZmbm ~gbo hmoV.o Iyn emVVm
hmoVr. AMmZH$ `mZmV n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO g_moa {Xgbo.
Jm^m`mV g_B`m _X H$memV _hmamO nmoWr dmMV hmoVo.
S>mo`mda M_m hmoVm. `mZr M_m WmoS>m Imbr ZmH$mda Ho$bm.
M`mMo d$Z am_H$U _hmamOmH$S>o ~{KVbo. hUmbo, ZdrZ
Imobr AnmMo Imobr eoOmar ~mYy ZH$mog. _mJ`m ~mOybm
H$mS>{goa _{XamH$S>o AJwbr {ZX}e Ho$bm. hUmbo, _{Xam`m
S>m`m ~mOybm, e^a \y$Q>md a ZdrZ Imobr ~mY. VoWo amhZ _mPr
godm H$a. ^Vrgma H$a. am_H$U _hmamO `mZmVyZ ~mhoa Ambo.
Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m _yVubm gm>mJ Z_H$ma KmVbm. Va _hmamO
188 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

`mMHo $S>o ~KyZ JmbmV`m JmbmV hgV hmoV.o am_H$Um`m S>m

o `mVyZ
o_agmMo Aly nmP$ bmJbo. `mZm Iyn Am` dmQ>b.o H$mhr
MwH$sMm {dMma Ho$bm, Va _hmamO bJoMM XwV H$aVmV.
_hmamOm`m {Z`mo{OV ImobrMo ^y{_nyOZ

Xwg`m {Xder gH$mir JmoqdXamd d Anmamd JdS>r `mZm ~amo~a

KoD$Z, Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr `mZmV XmI{dbobr OmJm ~{KVbr.
gd ~mOybm OJb hmoVo. VoWn`V Om`bm dmQ> ZhVr. H$mhr
^V_S>itZr {_iyZ Vr OmJm gm\$ Ho$br. _{XamnmgyZ VoWn`V
Om`mgmR>r nm`dmQ> V`ma H$$Z KoVbr. O_IS>rMo lr. ZmZm Omoer
ho doXem gn nwamo{hV. Vo n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo {e`.
_hmamOm`m eodQ>`m H$mimV `mZm `j XeZ Pmbobo. lr. ZmZm
Omoer O_eVmXr Cgdmbm hOa hmoVo. `mdoir am_H$U _hmamOmer
n[aM` Pmbobm. _hmamOm`m `{$_dmZo Vo ^mamdyZ Jobo hmoVo. AmVm
{Z`{_VnUo am_H$U _hmamOm`m XeZmbm `>rbm `oV. _hmamOmZr
`mZmVrb >mV `mZm gm{JVbm d {Z`mo{OV ImobrMr OmJm
XmI{dbr.
aWg_r 1982 bm lr. ZmZm OmoetZr [aVga _`wV OmJoMo
^y{_nyOZ Ho$bo. OmJoda _mVr`m _S>`mV XyY VmndyZ, Vo CVy OmD$
{Xbo. Anmamd JdS>r `mZr {Z`mo{OV ImobrMm AmamIS>m V`ma Ho$bm.
gmYmaU gmS>o VrZ hOma n`o bmJUma hmoVo. _hmamOmZm n`mMr
`dWm H$am`Mr hmoVr. AmO n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr XmI{dbo`m
OmJodaM, am_H$U _hmamOmMo {ZdmgWmZ d ^` {X` Agm lr.
g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamO Am`m_ Aml_mMr dmVy V`ma Pmbr Amho.
Vr am_H$U _hmamOmZr VZ-_Z-YZmZo Ho$bo`m Jw$god_o i
w M
o . hiy hiy
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 189

dmVw M m {dVma hmo V Jo b m. AmO gd ^VJU dJm V

am{h`m_mUo, A`m_ Aml_mV amhZ, am_H$U _hmamOmMm
ghdmg d `mMo `j _mJXeZ mMm bm^ KoV AmhoV.
na_mWmV CVr gmYV AmhoV. Vr Amnmn`m CnmgZoZwgma d
gmYZoZwgma.
_hmamO `>rVyZ O_IS>rV Am{U O_IS>r
gmoSy>Z Om`mgmR>r H$mS>{goamMm >mV

_hmamOm`m ImobrMo ^y{_nyOZ Pmbo nU ~mYH$m_mMm `moJ

`mdoiog ZhVm. _mM 1981 Mm gw_ma. am_H$U _hmamO ZwH$VoM
{h_mb`mVyZ naV Ambobo. Vrd dam`. bmoH$mVmV ahm`mMr gd`
Zmhr. `>r`m H$mhr bmoH$mZm, am_H$U _hmamOmMr {h_mb`mVrb
gmYZm, n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo `mZm Zoh_r hmoUmao >mV. H$Yr
dZmV Va H$Yr `mZmV. ho gd Iao dmQ>V Zgo. `m~b Vo AmngmV
~mobV. _hmamOmZm dmBQ> dmQ>bo. `>rV `mMo _Z a_oZmgo Pmbo. YS>
gmYZmnU hmoBZm. `mZm dV:nwaVo aodoMo noeZ hmoVo. dV:gmR>r
H$mhrM ZH$mo hmoVo. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m Amko_mUo, nWmMm
{dVma H$$Z ^{$gma H$amd`mMm hmoVm. nU `mgmR>r dmVmdaU
`mo` ZhVo. am_H$U _hmamOmZr Amn`m _ZmVbo e`, Amnbo
Wmoabo ~Yy JmoqdXamdmZm gm{JVbo. gXJw$Mr BN>m g_OyZ, `mZr
H$mhr {Xdg `>r`m ~mhoa ahm`mMm {dMma Ho$bm.
`>rhZ _hmamO O_IS>rg Ambo. VoWo Jw$Xod amZS>mMo na_mW
_{Xa Amho. Jw$Xod amZS>o, ho n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMo EH$
CH$moQ>rVbo {e`. VdkmZmMo mo\$o ga. nw`m`m \$`wg Z H$mbO
o _Yo
VdkmZ {df` {eH$drV. nwT>o H$mhr df}, ~Zmag`m (H$mer) qhXy
190 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

{d {dmb`mV VdkmZ {df`mMo _wI hmoVo. BJOr ^mfoda ^wd.

VdkmZmda BJOr ^mfoV {dnwb JWboIZ. `m_wio OJ^amV {gr.
gd Y_mVrb na_oa EH$M Amho. Zmdo \$V doJdoJir. CnmgZm
nVr doJdoJ`m. Zm__aUmZo Xod ^oQ>Vmo. ho VdkmZmZo `mZr
nm`m` {dmZmZm nQ>dyZ {Xbo. am_H$U _hmamOmZm Jw$Xod amZS>o
m`m~b Iyn AmXa d ^pV^md. _hmamO XmoZ {Xdg na_mW
_{XamV am{hbo. O_IS>rbm Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo H$mhr {e` hmoVo.
`mZr Amnbo Kar ahm`mMm AmJh Ho$bm. nU _hmamOmZr ZH$ma {Xbm.
_hmamOm`m OodUmMr `dWm, O_IS>r`m lr. aKwZmWamd AmnQ>o
`mZr Ho$br.
H$mhr {Xdg O_IS>rbmM ahmdo, Agm _hmamO {dMma H$arV
hmoVo. nU {Vg`m {Xder nhmQ>o `mZmbm ~gbo AgVmZm, dV:
H$mS>{goa, d$n gXm`mMo Am Jw$ >rg_moa Ambo. VoOnwO
Moham. _hmamOmZr \$moQ>mo nm{hbobm. AmoiIyZ Z_H$ma Ho$bm. Vo
hUmbo, am_H$Um AmVm `oWo amh ZH$mog. EH$mV {R>H$mUr gmYZogmR>r
Om. `mVM VwPo ^bo Amho.
_hmamO H$hir`m `H$Q>oe _{XamV

_hmamOmZr >mVmMr Jmo>, O_IS>r`m lr. ZmZm OmoetZm

gm{JVbr. O_IS>r nmgyZ Xhm ~mam {H$._r. AVamda, _XaqIS>r`m
nwT>o d H$hir`m AmYr, Q>oH$S>rda EH$ OwZo _mo>o `H$Q>oemMo hUOo
~mbmOrMo XodWmZ Amho. XodWmZMo MoAa_Z lr. ~mimgmho~
AmZrqIS>r, O_IS>rbmM ahmV. lr. ZmZm Omoer `mMoH$S>o nyOm AMm
H$arV. `mZr _hmamOmZm `H$Q>e
o XodWmZmV ahm`mgmR>r, MoAa_ZMr
nadmZJr H$mT>br. XodWmZmV ^VmZm ahm`mgmR>r Imo`m AmhoV.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 191

`mVrb EH$ Imobr _hmamOmZm {_imbr. am_H$U _hmamOmZm KoD$Z,

lr. ZmZm Omoer `H$Q>oe _{XamV Jobo. ZmZm Omoer Zoh_r VoWo OmV.
VoWrb {deof H$m`H$_mMo nmamo{h` H$arV. `mZm gdOU AmoiIV
hmoVo. `mZr _wI nwOmar lr. Zmam`U XwS>mnm nwOma `mMr ^oQ> KoVbr.
am_H$U _hmamOmMr AmoiI H$$Z {Xbr. nadmZJrMo n `m`m
hdmbr Ho$bo. lr. Zmam`U nwOma `mZm AmZX Pmbm. EH$m gmYwnwfmMm
ghdmg Amn`mbm {_iob. am_H$U _hmamO H$mZS>r d _amR>r
AI{bV ~mobVmV. Ver hQ>br Va _mV^mfm H$mZS>rM. `mMo gd
~mbnU H$ZmQ>H$mV Jobobo. m`_ar {ejU H$mZS>rV Va hm`Hy$bMo
{ejU _amR>rV. `m_wio H$mZS>r _wbImV `mZm A{O~mV OS> Jobo
Zmhr. {h_mb`mV nU doimodoir ^oQ>bo`m H$mZS>r nwOm`mZr `mZm
AmnwbH$sZo _XV Ho$br hmoVr.
`H$Q>oe _{Xam`m S>m`m ~mOybm, damh XodmMo _{Xa Amho.
damhXod hUOo ^JdmZ {dUw`m Xhm AdVmamnH$s EH$. W_ `mMo
XeZ KoD$Z, _JM `H$Q>oemMo XeZ Ko`mMr Wm Amho. _hmamOmZr
damh XodmMo XeZ KoD$Z lr. `H$Q>oemMo XodimV doe Ho$bm. XoD$i
600 df} OwZo Amho. lr. ZmJ`m nwOma `mZr `mMr WmnZm Ho$br.
ZVa O_IS>r`m nQ>dYZ gaH$mamZr, `mMm Iyn _moR>m {dVma Ho$bm.
Iyn _moR>o g^mJh. Jm^m`mV Vobm`m g_`m`m _X H$memV lr
`H$Q>oemMr g _yVu. Z_H$ma H$aVmM ^Vm`m _ZmVrb ^md
H$Q> hmoVmV. _Zmbm AmZX dmQ>Vmo. _hmamOmZr gVoZo XeZ KoVbo.
~mhoa Ambo. g^mJhmnojm XhmnQ> _moR>o Amdma. CO`m ~mOybm Vrg
\y$Q> CMrMm, ^` bmH$S>r aW R>odbobm. aWmda gd ~mOyZr Am{U
H$igmda gwXa ZjrH$m_ Ho$bobo. `mV ^abo`m aJm_wio Vo IynM
gwXa {XgV hmoVo. ZdamrV Xhm {Xdg Iyn _moR>m Cgd hmoVmo. Iyn JXu
AgVo. bm~ bm~yZ ^VJU _wH$m_mbm `oVmV. ZdamrV amoO aW
~mhoa H$mT>bm OmVmo. lr. `H$Q>oemMr Cgd_yVu MmXrMr Amho. {VMr
192 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

aWmV ~gdyZ {_adUyH$ H$mT>br OmVo. aW AmoT>`mg _mo>m Xmoa bmdbobm

Amho. H$_rV H$_r e^a _mUgo, aW AmoT>`mg bmJVmV. ~mOyMm
N>moQ>m aW, Xa ewH$dmar ~mhoa H$mT>bm OmVmo. XodWmZMo d^d ~KyZ
_hmamOmMo S>moio {XnyZ Jobo.
_{Xam`m g_moa`m ~mOybm gmYmaU XmoZeo \w$Q>mda, Mma nmM
Imo`m AmhoV. ~mOybmM {dhra. `mnH$s EH$ Imobr Zmam`U nwOma
`mZr _hmamOmZm {Xbr. Xwgao nwOmar b_U nwOma ho d`H$a hmoVo. Vo
d `mMm nwV`m am_H$U nwOma, ho _{Xam`m S>m`m ~mOy`m
VbmdmOdi ahmV. `mZr _hmamOmMr EH$ doi Ood`mMr `dWm
Ho$br. lr. `H$Q>oemMm gmX VoM H$arV. lr. Zmam`U nwOma ho
Odi`m H$hir JmdmV ahmV. H$hir`m AmOy~mOybm nwOma
_S>itMr _moR>r eoVr AmOhr Amho. _hmamOmZm _{Xa d _{XamMm emV
n[aga Iyn AmdS>bm. VgoM Q>oH$S>rda H$mhr _moR>r PmS>o hmoVr. VoWo nU
EH$mVmV ~gyZ `mZ H$aVm `oUma hmoVo.

`H$Q>oe _{XamV gmYZm. `mZ_J AdWoV

am_H$U _hmamOm`m S>mo`mda \$Um H$mTy>Z
~gbobm ZmJ

am_H$U _hmamO `H$Q>oe _{XamV amh bmJbo. lr. ZmZm Omoer

_hmamOmMr gd `dWm H$$Z O_IS>rbm naV Jobo. am_H$U
_hmamOmZm `>rbm amhZ Jw$Mr godm H$am`Mr hmoVr. nU AOyZ doi
Ambobr ZhVr. ^VJU O_bobm ZhVm. gd H$mhr n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMo BN>oZoM KS>Uma hmoVo. H$m` KS>Uma hmoVo? Vo AmnU ~KyM.
_hmamOmMr gmYZm, naV {h_mb`mV AgVmZm _mUo doioZwgma Mmby
Pmbr. _Z AmH$memgmaIo dN> d {demb hmoVo. EdT>o gJio
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 193

am_m`U KSy>Z nU H$moUm~bM amJ ZhVm. nhmQ>o VrZbmM CR>V.

ImobrVM H$mH$S >AmaVr H$$Z, `mZmbm am__{XamV ~gV. Vo gH$mir
11 dmOon`V. `mZmZVa ~mOy`m {d{harMo nmUr H$mTy>Z AmKmoi.
gmS>Vo rZ VmgmMr AmgZ{gr Am{U ghm VmgmMm Zo_. {gmMr
kmZmoma gmYZm. gd H$mhr {dbjUM.
EH$Xm nhmQ>o nmM dmOVm am__{XamV {Xdm {Xgbm. lr. b_U
nwOma ~mOyZo `H$Q>oe _{XamV Mmbbo hmoVo. ghO hUyZ Vo am__{XamV
S>mHo $mdbo. Va am_H$U _hmamO nmgZmV `mZ_J. _mJMo ~mOyZo
EH$ H$mimema ZmJ, da \$Ur H$mTy>Z _hmamOmMo S>mo`mda
AmZXmZo S>mobV hmoVm. b_U nwOma Am`mZo M{H$V Pmbo.
_hmamOmZm bm~yZM Z_H$ma Ho$bm d hiyM VoWyZ ~mhoa nS>bo.
am_H$U _hmamO hr gmYrgwYr `Vr Zmhr, ho `mZm H$iyZ
MwH$bo. _hmamOm~b AmXa^md dmT>bm. hm M_H$ma `mZr
g`mH$mir _hmamOmZm gm{JVbm. _hmamO \$V qH${MV hgbo.
H$mhrM ~mobbo Zmhr. gmYZoMm Jd, A{^_mZ A{O~mV ZhVm.
hr h{H$H$V hiyhiy gd n[agamV g_Obr. bmoH$ _hmamOm`m
XeZmbm `oD$ bmJbo. gH$mir gmS>o AH$ambm AmKmoi Pm`mda,
_hmamO `H$Q>oemMo XeZ KoV. am__{XamV lram_, b_U d grVm_mB
`m`m XJS>r _yVu. _moR>m gwXa d VoOnwO. VoWrb Am`m_rH$ bhar
_hmamOmZm OmUdV d `mZ _moR>o N>mZ bmJo. gVV AZw^d `oV. _w`
_{Xam`m _mJ`m ~mOybm ~Xod, `H$Q>a_Um d ~S>raJ`m
(hZw_mZ) `mMr _{Xao. _hmamO `m gd XodVmMr XeZo KoD$Z ImobrV
OmV. gmYmaU Xwnmar gmS>o ~mam dmOoMo gw_mamg, lr. b_U nwOma d
am_H$U nwOma ho `H$Q>oemMm Zdo XmIdyZ, _hmamOmMo VmQ> KoD$Z
`oV. _hmamOmMo OodU hmoBn`V, `mMo g_moa AmXa ^mdmZo ~gV.
_hmamOm~amo~a Jmo>r H$aV. Am`m_m~b Amn`m eH$m {dMmarV.
Xwnmar WmoS>r {dlmVr KoD$Z _hmamO naV XmoZ Vmg `mZmbm ~gV.
194 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

`H$Q>oe _{XamMo ^modVmbMm n[aga d

_hmamOmMm \o$a\$Q>H$m

CZ CVa`mda _hmamO {\$am`bm {ZKV. Q>oH$S>r`m ImbMo

~mOybm JmoqdXamOmMo _{Xa Amho. ^JdmZ {dUwMr _mo>r eofmda
e`Z Ho$bobr _yVu. H$m`m nmfmUmMr, _moR>r N>mZ Amho. H$mhr {e`
_S>ir _hmamOm~amo~a {\$am`bm `oV. _{XamMo ~mOyMo AmdmamV,
N>moQ>r N>moQ>r XJS>o aMbobr {Xgbr. _hmamOmZr {dMmabo ho H$m`
Amho? bmoH$mZr gm{JVbo, `oWo XJS> aMyZ Ka ~mYbo H$s, ^VmMo
dV:Mo Ka ~mY`mMr BN>m bdH$aM nyU hmoVo. \$V dV:Mo Ka
~mYyZ Pmbo H$s, ^VmZo naV JmoqdXamOmMo XeZmbm `oD$Z H$VkVm
`V H$am`Mr. ^maVmV Ag` XodVmMr _{Xao d `m`m
Am`m{`H$m. Xod XeZmbm `oUm`m ^Vm`m _ZmV nU
Ag` BN>m AgVmV. H$mhr ^Vm`m _ZmoH$m_Zm nyU
hmoVmV, `m H$_^moJ gn`mZo d dV:`m Vrd ^mdZm OmJV
Pm`mZo. ZmhrVa Vmo XJS>mMm Xod H$m` H$aUma? ""^md VoWo
Xod'' Ago gVmZr hQ>boM Amho.
nwT>o H$hir Jmdm`m AmYr, XmoZ {H$._r. AVamda N>moQ>ogo
nmdVrMo XoD$i Amho. _hmamO VoWn`V nm`r OmD$Z XeZ H$$Z
`oV. _J amr WmoS>r gmYZm Am{U Pmon. AmOy~mOyMo bmoH$ _hmamOmH$S>o
AmH${fV Pmbo. H$hirMr ~arMer nwOma _S>ir `mV hmoVr. ZmJnm
nwOma, {V_Um nwOma, _wHw$XAnm nwOma, {ednm {VaH$S>r B.
O_IS>rMm VU _wbJm amKd| Hw$bH$Uu. `H$Q>e
o _{Xam`m VbmdmMo
~mOyZo, O_IS>rbm Om`bm OJbmVyZ EH$ nm`dmQ>rMm aVm hmoVm.
AVa \$V 3 Vo 4 {H$._r. H$Yr H$Yr O_IS>rMo nQ>dYZ gaH$ma `m
dmQ>oZo `H$Q>oemMo XeZmbm `oV.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 195

am_H$U _hmamOmMr _XaqIS>r`m

dm{XamObm Xrjm

~mOy`m _XaqIS>r JmdmVbm EH$ VU _wbJm _hmamOmH$S>o `oD$

bmJbm. `mMo Zmd dm{XamO Hw$bH$Uu. \$ma ^moim hmoVm. `m`m
Moh`mdaMo ^{$^md bnV ZhVo. _hmamOmZr Vo AmoiIbo. Vmo Agb
hramM hmoVm. gmYZoMo nby nmS>`mMr Amd`H$Vm hmoVr. \$ma AS>IiV
~mobV hmoVm. `m_wio g_moa`mbm `mMo ~mobUo H$iV Zgo. _hmamOmZr
`mbm amoO \$V e|JXmUo d Jyi ImD$Z, Ja_ nmUr {n`mg gm{JVbo.
XmoZ _{h`mV AJmVbr CUVm dmT>br. Jim gm\$ Pmbm. dmMm
gwYmabr. _hmamOmZr dm{XamO d O_IS>rMm amKd| Hw$bH$Uu `mZm
`moJm`mg {eH$d`mg gwadmV Ho$br. BVahr H$mhr ^VJU `mV
gm_rb Pmbo. dm{XamObm AmVm, BVa H$mhrM Imdogo dmQ>oZm. Vmo
\$V e|JXmUo d JyiM ImV hmoVm. earamVbr CUVm dmT>bobr. `mV
`moJmMm A`mg.
_ybmYmamVbr Hw$ S>{bZr eVr bJoMM OmJV Pmbr. {VMo CWmnZ
~KyZ dm{XamOMr AmB d AmOr ^`^`rV Pm`m. dm{XamOMo ~mobUo
WmoS>o doS>gaM dmQ>.o AmB Hw$ S>{bZrMr OmJV AdWoVrb W_ AdWm.
Ago hmoUmaM. _hmamOmZm H$iV hmoVo. nU BVamMo H$m`? hiy hiy
am_H$U _hmamOmZr `m Hw$S>{bZr eVrbm, Amn`m hV
nemZo, BS>m Am{U qnJbm m ZmS>m`m _Ymo_Y AgUm`m
gwfwZm ZmS>rV doe H$adyZ {Xbm. _J H$m`? AmZXr AmZXM.
dm{XamOMm doS>ganUm {ZKyZ Jobm. Mma Mma Vmg nmgZmV
~gyZ, `mZ bmJm`bm bmJbo.
196 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

dm{XamOMo _hmamO hUyZ n[adVZ

g_W gXJw$ am_H$U _hmamOm`m H$noZo, dm{XamObm gy_

XohmMo kmZ m Pmbo. {X` >r m Pmbr. `mZmV ~g`mda, Vo
g_moa ~gbo`m ^Vm`m gy_ XohmV doe H$arV Am{U ^Vm`m
nrS>m AmoiIV. nyd O_rMr mg XoUmar ^yVo, `mZm `mZmV g_moa
{XgV. Amnbo Zmd XoIrb gmJV. `mZr Ho$bo`m ^yVmMo dUZ d Zmd
VVmoVV Iao R>ao. OwZr OmUVr _mUgo, dUZmd$Z Amn`m nydOmZm
AmoiIV. am_H$U _hmamOm`m H$noZo, ^yVmZm gXJVr {_iyZ
^Vm`m `mYr Xya hmoV. AS>bobr mn{MH$ H$m_o _mJu bmJV. VrZ
Mma dfmZVa bmoH$ `mZm "dm{XamO _hmamO' hUy bmJbo. Jw$ hUyZ
gmh{OH$M am_H$U _hmamOmMm bm{H$H$hr dmT>bm.
n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOm`m ^{$gmambm dm{XamOMm Iyn
hmV^ma bmJbm. dm{XamO `>rbm g_mYr _{XamV ~gyZ, n.ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr nU AmamYZm H$ar. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr
`mModa nyU H$nm Pmbr. doimodi
o r Zaqghoa _hmamO Amn`m ^mo`m
^Vmbm, dm{XamObm `mZmV, dZmV XeZ XoV d gmhm` H$arV.
n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr, Amn`m BpN>V H$m`mbm gwadmV Ho$br
hmoVr. am_H$U _hmamOm`m ^{$gmambm gwadmV Pmbr hmoVr.
^VJU O_m hmoD$ bmJbm hmoVm. {eV~ `moJm`mg, ^{$`wV
Zm__aU, am_H$U _hmamOmMr H$nm >r, m gdmMm n[aUm_
^VmZm OmUdy bmJbm. _Z emV hmoD$Z Zm__aUmV {Mm bmJy
bmJbo. nwT>o {MmmV Zm__aU pWa hmoD$Z AZw^d `m`bm
bmJbo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 197

CS>nr gmYyMm H$hir`m Jm_WmZm

emn d Xhm df} nmD$g Zmhr

B.g. 1982 Mm lmdU _{hZm gw$ hmoUma hmoVm. nmD$g A{O~mV

ZhVm. AJmMr bmhr bmhr hmoV hmoVr. lr. Zmam`U nwOma, lr. b_U
nwOma d BVa H$hir d _XaqIS>r JmdMo ^VJU, g`mH$mir
am_H$U _hmamOm~amo~a na_mWm`m Jmo>r H$aV ~gbo hmoVo. nmD$g
Zg`mZo gd JmdH$ar _S>ir ~oMZ hmoVr. lr. am_M dmgnm nwOma
`mZr _hmamOmZm OwZr h{H$H$V gm{JVbr. B.g. 1970 nmgyZ EH$
CS>nr gmYy, `H$Q>oe _{XamMo Amgnmg Agbo`m S>m|Jamda, EH$m
JwhoV amhZ Vn`m H$am`Mm. d{MVM H$moUmbm {Xgm`Mm. OZgnH$
ZhVmM. Amn`mM gmYZo`m _VrV Agm`Mm. H$moUr ~mobm`Mm
`Z Ho$bm, Va `mbm Q>mim`Mm. JmdH$ar `mbm dMHy$Z hmoVo.
B.g. 1972 `m lmdU _{h`mV, `mZo H$mhr AZw>mZ Ho$bo.
AZw>mZ `mZo EH$Q>mZoM nyU Ho$bo. `mMr gmJVm H$amd`mMr hmoVr.
`m_wio Vmo H$hir JmdmV Ambm. gd Jmd^a {\$abm. JmdH$`mZm
_moS>`m VmoS>`m H$mZS>r ^mfoV Amn`m AZw>mZm~b gm{JVbo.
gmJVm H$a`mgmR>r Ym`mMr d H$mhr nemMr _mJUr Ho$br. naVw H$moUrM
`mbm _XV Ho$br Zmhr. JmdH$ar `m`m A{bnUmda ZmamO hmoVo.
XmoZ {Xdg Pmbo. `mbm ^`H$a amJ Ambm. g`mH$mir MmdS>rda
`oD$Z, {d{M hmVdmao H$arV, `mZo gnyU Jmdmbm emn {Xbm.
mnwT>o Vw_Mo Jmd d n[agamV A{O~mV nmD$g nS>Uma Zmhr. _r
`m `m {R> H $mUr _XV _m{JVbr, Vmo g n y U n[aga
nO`d>rnmgyZ d{MV am{hb. bJoMM Vmo gmYy Vn`}Mr Jwhm
gmoSy>Z {ZKyZ Jobm.
JmdH$`mZr Vmo gJ \$magm _Zmda KoVbm Zmhr. CbQ> `mMr
198 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

qQ>JbM Ho$br. nwT>o XmoZ df} gbJ, AmOy~mOybm nmD$g Pmbm. nU

H$hir Jmd Am{U n[agamV EH$ W|~nU nmD$g nS>bm Zmhr. `mdoir
JmdH$`mZm Vmo CS>nr gmYy AmR>dbm. `mZo {Xbobr emndmUr
AmR>dbr. JmdH$`mZr `mbm O_IS>r Vo ~Zh>r n[agamVrb S>mJ| amda
emoY`mMm `Z Ho$bm. `mMo nm` Y$Z emndmUr naV Ko`mMr
{dZVr H$amdr. nU gmYy H$mhr gmnS>bm Zmhr. AmO Xhm df} Pmbr.
nmdgmMm W|~ Zmhr. gd XodmZm Zdg Pmbo. JmdH$`mZr ~`mM`m
gmYy gVm`m ^oQ>r KoV`m. emn_wVrgmR>r `mMo gmJ`m_mUo Cnm`
Ho$bo. nU H$mhrM Cn`moJ Pmbm Zmhr.
am_H$U _hmamOmMr gXJw$Zm {dZVr
d `mMm >mV

lr. am_M nwOma hUmbo, _hmamO AmnU {g nwf AmhmV.

AmnUM H$mhr H$$ eH$mb? Am_Mr gd eoVo gwHy$Z Jobr AmhoV.
Am_`m OdiMr gd nwO
r gnZy Jobr Amho. _wbm ~mimMo hmb nhmdV
ZmhrV. Jwao T>moao Va H$YrM gmoSy>Z {Xbr. gdOU J`md`m H$$Z aSy>
bmJbo. am_H$U _hmamOm`m S>mo`mV nmUr Ambo. _yiMoM o_i,
^VmMo Xw:I `mZm nhmdoZm. Vo hUmbo, emV hm. _r _m`m Jw$Zm
eaU OmD$Z {dZVr H$aVmo. H$mhr Cnm` {ZKVmo H$m? Vo ~KVmo. AmnU
gdOU Cm g`mH$mir `m. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO H$mhrVar
H$aVrbM. gdOU am_H$U _hmamOmZm Z_H$ma H$$Z naV Jobo.
_hmamOmZm am^a Pmon Ambr Zmhr. gmaIo Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm
Ami{dV hmoVo. _hmamO, m Jar~ ^VmgmR>r H$mhrVar H$am. H$mhr
Cnm` gmJm, H$s `m_wio emn_wVr hmoD$Z nmD$g nS>ob. am_H$U
_hmamO Zoh_r_mUo nhmQ>o `mZmg ~gbo. nU _ZmV gd JmdH$`mMM
o
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 199

{dMma. naV _hmamOmMr AmidUr. hiy hiy {dMma Zmhrgo hmoD$Z

`mZ bmJbo. S>mo`mg_moa `>rMo g_mYr _{Xa. g_B`m
{ndiga _X H$memV Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr `mZW _yVu hgV
hmoVr. VmoM Zaqghoa _hmamO _y{VVyZ ~mhoa Ambo. WmoS>o MmbV,
H$hir`m {Xeobm `oD$Z, _hmamOmMo g_moa C^o am{hbo. Amnbm
COdm hmV am_H$U _hmamOmMo S>mo`mda R>oD$Z AmerdmX
{Xbm. hUmbo, gH$n H$$Z, ZD$ {XdgmV {dYr`wV 21
bmI ""lram_ O` am_, O` O` am_'' m {g _mMm
gm_wXm{`H$ On H$a. gd Jmd emn_wV hmoD$Z nmD$g nS>ob.
Ago hUyZH$ Zaqghoa _hmamO AVYmZ nmdbo. am_H$U
_hmamOmZm AmZX Pmbm. gXJw$`m XeZmZo d AmmgZmZo
_Z AmZXmZo ^$Z Jobo. {Z` gmYZm nyU Ho$br. Xwnmar O_IS>rhZ
lr. ZmZm Omoer _hmamOmMo ^oQ>rg Ambo hmoVo. `mZm _hmamOmZr
Wm~dyZ KoVbo.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr gm{JVbmgm_wXm{`H$ Zm__aUm`m AZw>mZmMm Cnm`

g`mH$mir lr. Zmam`U nwOma, am_M nwOma, JmoqdXAnm nwOma

d BVa AZoH$ _S>ir H$hirhZ _hmamOmZm AmdOyZ ^oQ>`mg Ambr
hmoVr. `mMo _ZmV Amem hmoVr H$s, am_H$U _hmamO H$mhrVar Cnm`
gmJVrb d AmnUmg emnmVyZ _wV H$aVrb. gd _S>ir _hmamOmZm
Z_H$ma H$$Z g_moa ~gbr. am_M nwOma hUmbo, _hmamO Amhr
_moR>r Amem KoD$Z AmnUmH$S>o Ambmo AmhmoV. am_H$U _hmamO qH${MV
hgbo. hUmbo, Vw_Mo gH$Q> \$ma _moR>o Amho. gXJw $ Zaqghoa _hmamO
_moR>o H$Zdmiy AmhoV. _r `mZm Amn`mdarb gH$Q>mMr H$nZm {Xbr.
200 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

`mZr _bm >mV XoD$Z Cnm` gm{JVbm Amho. AmnU _moR>m ^{$^mdmZo
ZD$ {XdgmV, EH$drg bmI ""lram_ O` am_, O` O` am_'' m
{g _mMm gm_wXm{`H$ On Ho$bm nm{hOo. AmnU gdOU V`ma AmhmV
H$m`? gd bmoH$mZr EH$X_ hmoH$ma {Xbm. lmdU _{hZm gw$ hmoD$Z
Mma {Xdg Pmbo hmoVo. XmoZ {XdgmZVa AZw>mZmg gwadmV H$a`mMo
R>abo.
nmdgmgmR>r am_H$U _hmamOmMo ZD$
{XdgmMo gm_wXm{`H$ AZw>mZ

am_H$U _hmamOmMm Amn`m gXJw$da nyU ^adgm hmoVm. nU

AZw>mZ {d{Y`wV Pmbo nm{hOo. AmXbo {Xder amrM, O_IS>rhZ
lr. ZmZm Omoer d lr. `H$Q>amd Hw$bH$Uu Ambo. _moOH$s JmdH$ar
_S>ir nhmQ>o MmabmM hOa Pmbr. `H$Q>oe _{XamMo g^mJh dN>
H$$Z, AmYrM gd V`mar H$$Z R>odbr hmoVr. nhmQ>o gmS>o Mmabm gd
_S>ir AmKmoir H$$Z _{XamV Ambr. `H$Q>oemMo XeZ KoD$Z mWZm
Ho$br. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo _aU Ho$bo. lr. ZmZm OmoetZr
{d{Y`wV {Xem~X H$$Z gH$n Ho$bm. g^mJhm`m EH$m ~mOybm
""lram_ O` am_, O` O` am_'' `m gm_wXm{`H$ Onmbm gwadmV
Pmbr. n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO, lr. ZmZm Omoer, lr. `H$Q>amd
Hw$bH$Uu, lr. _waJmoS> AUm d nwOma _S>ir AZw>mZmbm ~gbr.
amoO ZmZ H$$Z nhmQ>o Mma Vo amr AH$am n`V, AZw>mZmbm ~gV.
O_ob `m_mUo JmdH$ar _S>ir nU `oV. MmKmZr ZD$ {Xdg Cndmg
Ho$bm. \$V ha^ao {^OdyZ Jwim~amo~a ImV. VrZ doim Mhm KoV. lr.
dm{XamO {XdgmMo nmM ghm Vmg `oD$Z ~go. AmR> {Xdg AZw>mZ
`dpWV Mmbbo. 9 dm {Xdg COmS>bm. gH$mirM O_IS>rMo EH$
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 201

eoQ>Or Ambo. Vo `m`mH$S>rb AOQ> H$m_mgmR>r, lr. ZmZm Omoer d

lr. `H$Q>amd Hw$bH$Uu `mZm KoD$Z Jobo. JmdH$`mMm Cgmh nU
H$_r Pmbm hmoVm. n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO EH$Q>oM Cabo. am{hbobm 21
hOma On _hmamOmZr EH$Q>mZrM nyU Ho$bm. amrMo gmS>o AH$am dmOyZ
Joobo hmoVo. {d{Y`wV AZw>mZ nyU Pmbo. am_H$U _hmamO d b_U
nwOma XmoKoM _{XamV hmoVo. _hmamO `mZmbm ~gbo. gXJw$Mr AmVVoZo
mWZm H$$ bmJbo.
AZw>mZ gnVmM H$hir n[agamV Mma
Vmg OmoaXma nO`d>r

AYm Vmg Pmbm. _` am hmoVr. gd dmVmdaU EH$X_ ~Xbbo.

AmH$memV T>JmMm H$S>H$S>mQ> Am{U {dOoMm bIbImQ> gw$ Pmbm.
OmoaXma nO`d>r Mmby Pmbr. nhmQ>o Mma dmOon`V dUXod Amn`m
H$noMm dfmd `m V ^y_rda H$aV hmoVo. emn {d_moMZ Pmbo hmoVo.
Jo`m Xhm dfmMr H$ga, `m Mma VmgmV nO`amOmZo ^$Z H$mT>br.
eoVo aVo nm`mZo VwSw>~ ^$Z dmh bmJbo. Kam KamV nmUr {eabo.
amr Kam KamVyZ ~mhoa nSy>Z bmoH$ AmZXmZo ZmMy bmJbo. `H$Q>oe
_{Xam`m ~mOyMr nwH$aUr {dhra d Vbmd nyU ^$Z Jobm. BVH$m
MS> nmD$g, Jo`m e^a dfmV nS>bm ZhVm. Ago d`mod bmoH$mZr
gm{JVbo. ~mhoaMm n[aga dUamOm`m H$nmdfmdmZo VwS>w~ ^abm
hmoVm. Va am_H$UmMo S>moio d _Z gXJw$`m H$noZo ^abo hmoVo.
Am_kmZr nwfmMo eX, na_oa Iao H$aVmo. `oWo Va am_H$U
_hmamOmgmaIm Am_kmZr nwf Am{U `mV Am_kmZr
gXJw$Mm nmqR>~m.
202 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

H$hir Jm_WmH$Sy>Z am_H$U _hmamOmMm

gH$ma d AZwJhmr

lr. b_U nwOma d lr. _nm ~gnm _wJwbImoS> nhmQ>oM

H$hir JmdmV Jobo. hr nO`d>r n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo
AZw>mZm_wioM Pmbr. Ago gdmZm gm{JVbo. gH$mir ZD$ dmOoMo
gw_mamg 2530 JmdH$ar _S>ir, Amn`m ~m`H$m _wbmZm ~amo~a
KoD$Z, Q>oH$S>rda`m `H$Q>oe _{XamV Ambr. gdmZr am_H$U
_hmamOmMm gH$ma H$$Z `mMo Vr Amnbm AmXa^md `V
Ho$bm. _ZmnmgyZ `mZm dXZ Ho$bo. AmVm gJ`m`m ZOaoV
am_H$U _hmamO hUOo `j XodM hmoV.o AmOy ~mOy`m n[agamV
""AZw>mZ d `m_wio nS>bb
o m AJ{UV nmD$g'' hr ~mV_r dm`mgmaIr
ngabr. ~Zh>r, `>r, O_IS>r d n[agamVyZ OZg_wXm` am_H$U
_hmamOmMo XeZmbm `oD$ bmJbm. g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr
Amn`m {e`mMr `mo`Vm OZ gm_m`m`m ZOaog AmUyZ,
^{$gmambm gwadmV Ho$br hmoVr. am_H$U _hmamOmda bmoH$mMm
{dmg ~gbm. Vo Amn`m eoVmVrb Ym`, Jyi _hmamOmZm AmUyZ
m`bm bmJbo. Vo _hmamOmZr `>rbm AXmZmgmR>r nmR>dyZ {Xbo.
Odi Odi gnyU H$hir JmdmZoM, am_H$U _hmamOmMo
{e`d nH$abo. _hmamOmZr {Z`_mZo Zm__aU d `mZmMr gmYZm
`oH$mbm gm{JVbr. Vr ^Vm`m Hw$dVrZwgma. nMmVbo gwI d
XodmMr ^Vr. XmoKmMr mr H$$Z Xo`mH$S>o _hmamOmMm H$b hmoVm.
n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr _hVr Vo ^VmZm gmJV d `mZm `>rbm
nmR>drV. lr. Zmam`U XwS>mnm nwOma d `mMr _wbo lr ZmJnm, `H$nm
d AmZX. lr. ZmJnm nwOma, {V_Um nwOma, _wH$w XAnm nwOma, {ednm
{VaH$S>r, lr. am_M dmgnm nwOma, lr. JmoqdXAnm nwOma d `mMm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 203

H$hir`m AemoH$ nwOmada

_hmamOmMr H$nm>r

_wbJm AemoH$ nwOma d BVa AZoH$ OUmZr _hmamOmH$Sy>Z AZwJh KoVbm.

hr gd OwZr ^V_S>ir AmOhr {Z`_rVnUo `>rbm `oVmV d
`oH$ CgdmV nwT>mH$ma KoD$Z VZ-_Z-YZmZo godm H$aVmV.

H$mbmVamZo lr. JmoqdX nwOma `mMm _wbJm, lr. AemoH$ nwOma,

`mZo H$ZmQ>H$ Q>oQ> Q>mgnmoQ> `oWo S>m`ha hUyZ 9 _{hZo Q>|naar ZmoH$ar
Ho$br. `mMo ~amo~a AOyZ 2022 bmoH$ hmoVo. `m gd ~Mbm EH$
dfmZVa H$m`_ H$aUma hmoVo. nU _YoM gdmZm ~oH$ {Xbm. df hmoD$Z
Jobo, Var H$moUmbmM naV ~mobmdbo Zmhr. gJ`mZr H$moQ>mV Ho$g
Ho$br. AemoH$bm ZmoH$arMr \$ma JaO hmoVr. gd Hw$Qw>~mMo nmbZ nmofU
H$amd`mMo hmoVo. eoVrMo Cn nwaogo ZhVo. AemoH$Zo _hmamOmZm
H$idiyZ {dZVr Ho$br. _hmamOmZr `mbm n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo
A{Y>mZ R>Do $Z, amoO AH$am hOma On EH$mM AmgZmda ~gyZ H$a`mg
gm{JVbo. AemoH$Zo _moR>m ^Vr^mdmZo Onmbm gwadmV Ho$br. On
nyU hmoBn`V, Vmo Cndmg H$arV Ago. ghm _{hZo Pmbo. Onm_wio
AemoH$Mo eara d _Z ew Pmbo.
AOyZ ZmoH$arMr H$mhrM hmbMmb ZhVr. nU {Z>m AT>i hmoVr.
_Z gmYZoV a_y bmJbo. ^Vr ^mdZm dmT>br. AemoH$ `>rg Ambm.
am_H$U _hmamOmMo XeZ KoVbo. ZmoH$arMr hmbMmb Zg`mMo H$mZmda
KmVbo. _hmamOmZr AemoH$Mm ^{$^md AmoiIbm. On VgmM Mmby
R>oD$Z, WmoS>m Yra Ya`mg gm{JVbo. nwT>`m AmR> {XdgmV `mbm
H$hir`m n`mda EH$ a{OQ>a n Ambo. H$ZmQ>H$ Q>Qo > Q>mgnmoQ> `m
~Jbmoa _Yrb hoS> Am\$sg_YyZ Ambob,o AemoH$`m H$m`_ ZmoH$ar`m
204 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Zo_UwH$sMo Vo n hmoVo. Vm~S>Vmo~ O_IS>r S>onmobm OmBZ hmo`mMr

AmS>a hmoVr. 2022 bmoH$mnH$s \$V AemoH$bm EH$Q>mbmM
ZmoH$arMr AmS>a {_imbr hmoVr. `mZo Vm~S>Vmo~ `>rbm `oD$Z
_hmamOmMo nm` Yabo. _hmamOmMo AmerdmX KoD$Z, AemoH$ O_IS>r
S>onmoV OmBZ Pmbm. ~mH$s bmoH$mZr H$moQ>mV Ho$g Q>mH$br. nU H$mhr
Cn`moJ Pmbm Zmhr. am_H$U _hmamOmZr ^VmH$Sy>ZM Zm__aU
H$$Z KoVbo. `mMo OS> maY H$_r Ho$bo. ^Vm`m mn{MH$
AgmoV dm Am`mp_H$ AS>MUr AgmoV. `m Xya H$a`mgmR>r,
gXJw$Mo AmerdmX Va Amd`H$ AmhoVM. nU `mM~amo~a
^VmMr {Z>m Am{U gXJw$Zr gm{JVbobo On-Vn, nyU
H$aUohr _hdmMo Amho.
_hmamOmZm lr _wHw$X dS>oa `mMo A{b~mJbm
gmYZogmR>r Am_U

lmdU gnyZ ^mnX _{hZm nU gnm`bm Ambm hmoVm. `H$Q>oe

_{XamV Zdam CgdmMr V`mar gw$ Pmbr. {nV nYadmS>mZVa
bJoMM Zdam. bm~ bm~yZ bmoH$ `m`bm gwadmV Pmbr. JXu dmTy>
bmJbr. _hmamOmZm EH$mV {_ioZm. AmVm `oWyZ XwgarH$S>o Omdo, Ago
_ZmVyZ dmQ>m`bm bmJbo. Vgo {dMma _hmamOmZr lr. b_U nwOma
`mMoH$S>o ~mobyZ XmI{dbo. H$hir JmdmVrb bmoH$mZr, `mMo JmdmV
ahm`mMm _hmamOmZm AmJh Ho$bm. nU bmoH$mV ZH$mo hmoVm. lr. _wHw$X
dS>oa, ho am_H$U _hmamOmMo ^mMo. _moR>r ~hrU emVm~mB {hMm _wbJm.
Vo A{b~mJ`m Odi R.C.F. H$nZrV {ghrb BOrZr`a hmoVo.
A{b~mJ Odi {H$hr_bm, H$nZrZo `mZm ahm`mgmR>r ^bo _moR>o dmQ>a
{Xbo hmoVo. Vo {_aOobm Ambo. VoWyZ `>rbm XeZ KoD$Z, am_H$U
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 205

_hmamOmMo ^oQ>rg `H$Q>oe _{XamV Ambo. _m_mZm nmhZ `mZm Iyn

Am` dmQ>bo. {h_mb`mVyZ naV Am`mZVa _m_mZm ^mMm W_M
^oQ>V hmoVm. _hmamOm`m Moh`mdaMo VoO d gnU
y ~Xbbobo `{$_d
nmhZ Vmo ^m{dV Pmbm. `mZo am_H$U _hmamOmZm Z_H$ma Ho$bm.
nU _ZmVyZ Vo am_H$U _m_mM hmoVo. lr. _wHw$X dS>oa hUmbo, _m_m
A{b~mJ Odi`m {H$hr_bm _mPo _mo>o dmQ>a Amho. VoWo Iyn emVVm
Amho. AmOy~mOyMm {ZgJ nU gwXa Amho. AmnUmg VooWo AmdS>ob.
Amnbr gmYZm MmJbr hmoBb. AmnU VoWo `m _J R>adm, {H$Vr ahm`Mo
Vo. _hmamOmZr {dMma Ho$bm. `oWyZ Va Om`Mo AmhoM. ~Ky VoWo OmD$Z.
nwT>o gXJw$M ~wr XoVrb.
_hmamO H$hirhZ {ZKyZ A{b~mJbm

B.g. 1982 `m AmQ>mo~a _{h`mMr gwadmV. H$hir`m

^VJUmMm {Zamon KoD$Z, _hmamO `>rg Ambo. dm{XamO d BVa
H$mhr gmYH$mZm, `moJgmYZm d `mZgmYZm {Z`{_V H$a`mMm CnXoe
Ho$bm. _hmamO naV `>rg Ambo hUyZ lr. AnmZm AmZX Pmbm.
nU bJoMM _hmamO A{b~mJbm OmV AmhoV, hUyZ dmBQ> dmQ>bo.
AnmZr _hmamOm~amo~a A{b~mJbm `o`mMm _ZmoX` `V Ho$bm.
am_H$U _hmamO d lr. JmoqdXamd (Anm) XmoKoOU {_aOo`m Kar
Ambo . _hmamOm Z r ~ H o $ Vy Z no eZMo H$mhr n g o H$mT> b o . S> m .
Zmam`UamdmZm _hmamOmZr H$mhr {Xdg {_aOobm ahmdo, Ago dmQ>V
hmoVo. Vgo `mZr ~mobyZhr XmI{dbo. nU _hmamOmZr ZH$ma {Xbm.
Xwgao {Xder _hmamO d lr. Anm {_aOohZ {ZKyZ ~gZo, nwUo _mJ}
A{b~mJbm Ambo.
lr. _wHw$X dS>oa `mMo {H$hr_ `oWrb dmQ>a N>mZ hdoera d _moR>o
206 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

hmoVo. _wHw$XmZo am_H$U_m_m d JmoqdX_m_m `mMo gmR>r EH$m doJ`m

ImobrMr `dWm Ho$br. lr. _wHw$X dS>oa `m`m gm^m`dVtZr
Im`m{n`mMr d BVa gd `dWm MmoI R>odbr. amr gdOU EH$
~gyZ {h_mb`mVrb AZw^d EoH$V. gdmZm Vo AZw^d ZdrZM hmoVo.
EH$ gmYy lr. dS>oa `mMoH$S>o Ambo AmhoV. Ago H$mbZrV`m bmoH$mZm
H$ibo. ^m{dH$ _S>ir XeZmg `oD$ bmJbr. `mMm Zmhr hQ>bm Var
WmoS>m\$ma mg dS>oa Hw$Qw>~mbm Pmbm. nmM ghm {Xdg Pmbo. `oWo nm{hOo
Ver emVVm {_iUma Zmhr. ho _hmamOmZm H$iyZ MwH$bo. VgoM dS>oa
Hw$Qw>~mbmhr mg Pmbm AgVm. _hmamOmZr VoWyZ XwgarH$S>o Om`mMm
{ZU` KoVbm. {H$hr_ nmgyZ 78 {H$._r. AVamda H$UHo$a`m
S>mJ| amda eH$amMo _{Xa Amho. N>mQo >go o XodWmZ. XodWmZmV ahm`mgmR>r
Imo`mnU AmhoV. lr _wHw$X dS>oa hUmbo, VoWrb `dWmnH$ _m`m
AmoiIrMo AmhoV. _r Amnbr ahm`mMr gmo` H$aVmo. VoWo Amnbr
gmYZm MmJbr hmoBb. _hmamOmZr hmoH$ma {Xbm. lr. dS>oa `mZr
`dWmnH$mer ~mobUo Ho$bo. nadmZJr {_idbr.
_hmamOmMr H$UHo$abm gmYZm
d ^VmZm _mJXeZ

XmoZ {XdgmZVa lr. _wHw$X dS>oa _hmamOmZm d AnmZm KoD$Z

H$UHo$abm Jobo. 100 nm``m MTy>Z da Omdo bmJVo. Q>oH$S>rda gnmQ>
OmJm Amho. ^JdmZ eH$amMo N>mZ, _moR>o _{Xa Amho. _{Xam`m _mJ`m
~mOybm Q>Q>Zo ~mYbo`m 56 Imo`m AmhoV. nwOmar VoWo ahmVmV.
_YyZ _YyZ Q>Q>r nU `oVmV. `m`m ahm`mgmR>r Imo`m ~mYbo`m
AmhoV. `mVrb EH$ Imobr _hmamOmZm {Xbr. ~mOybm {dhra. nmUr
JmoS>. OUy H$mhr _hmXodmMo VrWM. lr. dS>oa `mZr Amn`m~amo~a
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 207

Q>mod d WmoS>r d`nmH$mMr ^mS>r AmUbr hmoVr. lr. Anm

_hmamOm~amo~a Mma {Xdg am{hbo d _J naV {_aOobm Job.o da Q>Ho $S>rda
N>mZ dmam hmoVm. amr MmJbrM WS>r dmOm`Mr. `>rMr AmR>dU
Pmbr. _hmamOmMr nhmQ>o nmgyZ amr n`VMr gmYZm gw$ Pmbr.
{gmMr kmZmoma gmYZm hUOo AmZXr AmZXM. gV {eamo_Ur
VwH$mam_ _hmamOmZr dUZ Ho$`m_mUo ""AmZXmMo S>mho r& AmZX
VaJ&&'' Aer _hmamOmMr AdWm Pmbr. ^md g_mYr`m
AmZXmVyZ CR>mdogo dmQ>oZm. Odi Odi XrS> Vo XmoZ _{hZo, _hmamO
H$UHo$abm am{hbo. _hmamO KarM d`nmH$ H$arV. ~mhoaMo bmoH$
nU VoWo `oD$Z ahmV. `mMogmR>r d amoO`m XeZmbm `oUm`m
bmoH$mgmR>r, lr. XmVma `mMr ImZmdi hmoVr. Mhm-nmUr, ZmVm,
OodU gdH$mhr AmS>a_mUo ~ZdyZ XoV. `mZr dV:hZ _hmamOmMr
AmoiI H$$Z KoVbr. Vo _hmamOmMo `{$_dmZo AmH${fV Pmbo hmoVo.
`mMoH$S>o `oUm`m bmoH$mZm _hmamOm~b _m{hVr gmJyZ XeZmg
nmR>{dV.
_hmamO OoWo OmVrb, VoWo bmoH$ O_y bmJbo. EH$Xm JwOamWr
bmoH$mMm Xhm ~mam OUmMm Jn, AmR>dS>m^a ahm`mgmR>r Ambm hmoVm.
gd nwfM hmoVo. VU Am{U _`_ d`mMo. dV:Mr CnmgZm H$am`Mo.
lr. XmVmamZr _hmamOmMr AmoiI H$$Z {Xbr. `mZ gmYZo~b
Amhmbm H$mhrM _m{hVr Zmhr. Amhmbm _mJXeZ H$am, hUyZ `mZr
_hmamOmZm {dZVr Ho$br. am_H$U _hmamOmZr nmM {XdgmMo EH$ g
KoVbo. ObYmVr, ObZoVr d R>am{dH$ `moJmgZo, `mMoH$Sy>Z H$adyZ
KoVbr. H$mhr AmgnmgMo bmoH$nU Ambo hmoVo. Vo ~hVoH$ VUM hmoVo.
_Zw` earamV gw AdWoV Agbo`m, Hw$ S>{bZr eVr~b gm{JVbo.
Hw$S>brZr OmJVr`m H$mhr {H$`m `mMoH$Sy>Z H$adyZ KoV`m. nmM
{XdgmVM gdmZm MmJbm AZw^d Ambm. na_mWmgmR>r eara d _Z
Xmohrhr gwT> Ag`mMr Amd`H$Vm _hmamOmZr g_OmdyZ
208 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

^JdmZ eH$amMo XeZ

gm{JVbr. AmVm AmOy~mOyMr ^V_S>ir {Z`{_V `moJm`mgmgmR>r

`oD$ bmJbr. ""_mJob `mbm _mJXeZ.'' hm _hmamOmMm
d^mdY_. Hw$Umbm XwImdUo, _hmamOm`m d^mdmVM ZhVo.
mn{MH$ _mJ`mH$S>o _hmamO Xwbj H$arV. _hmamOm`m
^{$gmamg Z H$iV gwadmV Pmbr hmoVr. n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOm`m BN>oZo gd KS>V hmoVo. _hmamOmMo aodoVrb ghH$mar
lr. dmUr, gh}`m H$m_mgmR>r `mM ^mJmV hmoVo. Vo H$UHo$abm
XeZmbm Ambo AgVmZm, _hmamOmMr d `mMr AMmZH$ ^oQ> Pmbr.
Vo Zoh_rM H$UHo$abm `oD$Z _hmamOmZm ^oQy> bmJbo. `mMo ~amo~a
aodoVrb BVa ghH$mar nU `oV. _hmamOm~amo~a {Za{Zam`m {df`mda
MMm H$arV. EH$Xm Xodm`m ApVdm{df`r MMm Iyn aJbr. Xod
`oH$m`m X`mV Amho d Zm__aUm_wio `mbm Amnbogo H$aVm
`oVo, ho _hmamOmZr dmZw^dmd$Z nQ>dyZ {Xbo.

H$UHo$abm Odi`m S>m|Jam_Yo H$mhr Zg{JH$ Jwhm AmhoV.

VoWo n.ny. lrYa dm_r Vn`m H$arV. am_H$U _hmamO gH$minmgyZ
AYma hmoBn`V, EH$ {Xdg JwhoV am{hbo. gnyU {Xdg Cndmg Ho$bm.
H$mhrM Imo Zmhr. OdiMo nmUr VodT>o `m`bo. W_ nmgZmV
Zm__aU d ZVa `mM pWVrV `mZ. lrYa dm_t`m Vn`}Mo
db` AOyZhr JwhoV OmUdV hmoVo. JwhoV IynM emVVm. ~KVm ~KVm
_hmamO g_mYrW Pmbo. doioMo ^mZ am{hbo Zmhr. JwhoVbm AYyH$gm
H$me. _Z {dMbrV H$aUmam AmdmO Zmhr. Odi Odi AmR> Vmg
_hmamO `mZW AdWoV hmoV.o `mZmV ^JdmZ eH$am`m `mZW
AdWoMo XeZ Pmbo. _hmXod _hmamOm`m g_moaM `mZW
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 209

AdWoV hmoVo. H$_aobm `mKm~a. OQ>m S>mo`mda ~mYbo`m.

nmgZ. Xmohr hmV Xmohr JwT>`mda AmZX_woV. H$nmimbm,
Xmohr hmVm`m XS>mda, ^_mMo AmS>do n>o. OmbXa _woV _mZ
WmoS>r Imbr Am{U hZwdQ>r qH${MV nwT>`m ~mOyg _mZobm
Q>Ho $bobr. g _wm. ^JdmZ eH$am`m AmkmMH$mVyZ H$memMo
{H$aU ~mhoa nSy>Z am_H$U _hmamOm`m `mZW _yVuda nS>V
hmoVo. _hmamOmMo _Z _hmXodm`m {X` $nmer EH$$n Pmbo
hmoVo. g`mH$mi Pmbr. Jwho`m Xmamer EH$m Jwam`mMm, Jwao
hmH$VmZmMm AmdmO Ambm. _hmamO `mZmdWoVyZ ~mhoa Ambo. VoWyZ
EH$m doJ`m VrVM, H$UHo$a _{XamOdi`m Amn`m ImobrV
Ambo. _hmamOmMo _Z ^$Z Jobo hmoV.o earam`m ^wH$o Mr OmUrd Zmhrer
Pmbr hmoVr. `mM VrV Pmon H$Yr bmJbr Vo H$iboM Zmhr.
gmn Mmdbo`m _mUgmbm dmMdbo

EH$ {Xdg H$UHo$a`m ~mOy`m OJbmVyZ, EH$m VU _mUgmbm

KoD$Z Mma nmM ~m`H$m d nwf Ambo. `m VUmbm PmS>mImbyZ OmV
AgVmZm, PmS>mda`m gmnmZo CS>r _m$Z S>mo`mda S>I Ho$bm hmoVm.
`m _mUgmbm Immda KmbyZM AmUbo hmoVo. Odi Odi ~oewM
hmoVm. EH$ {g gmYwnwf H$UHo$a XodimMo ~mOybm ahmVmV hUyZ
`mZm AmOy~mOy`m bmoH$mZr gm{JVbo hmoV.o am_H$U _hmamO XodimMo
AmdmamV `mZ H$arV ~gbo hmoVo. doi g`mH$mir gmVMr hmoVr. gy`
_mdibm hmoVm. `m VU _mUgmbm _hmamOmMo g_moa R>oD$Z, ~amo~aMo
bmoH$ _hmamOmMr J`md`m H$$ bmJbo. _hmamO H$gohr H$$Z mbm
dmMdm. _moR>m AmeoZo Amhr AmnUmH$S>o Ambmo AmhmoV. OJbmV
ahmUmar Jar~ _mUgo. H$moR>o OmUma? Xodm`m nm`mer Ambo. _hmamOmZr
210 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

S>moio CKSy>Z gd n[apWVr nm{hbr. _moR>r H$R>rU hmoVr.

_hmamOmMo _Z H$UoZo ^$Z Job.o H$mhrVar Ho$bo nm{hOo. `mZW
~gyZ `mZr Amnbo gXJw$ n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm AmdmhZ Ho$bo.
Amnbr gH$neVr OmJV Ho$br. `m _mUgm`m S>mo`mda
hmV R>oD$Z _ZmV`m _ZmV gXJw$Mo Zm__aU Ho$bo. Xhm nYam
{_ZrQ>o emVVoV Jobr. Vmo _mUyg hmbMmb H$$ bmJbm. nmM
{_ZrQ>mZr Vmo _mUyg CRy>Z ~gbm. gdmZm Am` dmQ>bo.
am_H$U _hmamOmZm nU Am` dmQ>bo. gXJw$Zr Amnbr
{dZVr EoH$br, hUyZ `mMo S>moio AlyZr ^$Z Ambo. _hmXodmMo
_{XamV {Xdm bmJbm hmoVm. _hmamOmZr gdmZm _{XamV ~gdyZ ""
Z_: {edm`'' _mMm gm_wXm{`H$ On Ho$bm. dmVmdaU g Pmbo.
gd O_bo`m bmoH$mZr C\y$VnUo ""am_H$U _hmamO H$s O`'' hUyZ
_hmamOmMm O`O`H$ma Ho$bm. Xwg`m {XdgmnmgyZ, H$UHo$amMo
XodimV _hmamOm`m XeZmbm bmoH$mMr amJ bmJbr. _hmamOmZm Amnbr
mn{MH$ JmhmUr gmJyZ bmoH$mZr hamU Ho$bo. _hmamO dVmJyZ Jobo.
`mM {Xder amr Vo {H$hr_bm lr. _wHw$X dS>oa `mMo Kar naV Ambo.
_hmamOmMo {edWaKirV dmV`

B.g. 1982 Mm {S>g|~a _{hZm hmoVm. XmoZ {XdgmZVa _hmamO

_hmS>bm Jobo. VoWo MdXma V`mOdi namOno _S>_ ahmV hmo`m.
{edWa Kir`m _wI Q>Q>r. `mMo H$Sy>Z XmoZ _{hZo {edWaKibm
ahm`mMr nadmZJr KoVbr. Vgo n KoVbo. _hmS>nmgyZ ^moa`m a`mda
2025 {H$._r. AVamda {edWaKi Amho. KZXmQ> OJbmVrb
S>m|JamVbo {R>H$mU. CM S>m|Jamd$Z, VrZ Hw$S>mVyZ Imbr Y~Y`mMo
nmUr nS>Vo. `m`m _mJ`m ~mOybm _moR>m Jwhm. VoWo g_W am_Xmg
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 211

XyYdm`mbm _ {Xjm

dm_tZr, Amnbo {e` H$`mUdm_r `mZm g_moa ~gdyZ Xmg~moY

gm{JVbm. `mZr Vmo {bhZ KoVbm. Aer hr {edWaKi. Eo{Vhm{gH$
d Am`mp_H$ {R>H$mU. H$mim`m AmoKmV bw Pmbo hmoVo. ZmJnyaMo
lr. Xod `mZr, g_W M[amMm A`mg H$$Z ho {R>H$mU emoYZy H$mT>b.o
gmZJS>`m "g_W am_Xmg dm_r' Q>Q>Zo `mMm {dH$mg Ho$bm. lr.
Xod ho B{Vhmg gemoYZH$ma hmoV.o nwT>.o n.ny. am_Xmg dm_tMo ^V Pmbo.
am_H$U _hmamO g`mH$miMo gw_mamg {edWaKirV Ambo.
lr. JmJb Amn`m nZrgh, VoWo amhZ gd `dWmnZ ~KV.
`dgm`mZo Vo dmVw aMZmH$ma. nU CVmad`mV godm hUyZ Q>Q>Mo
H$m_ ~KV. namOno _S>_Mo n ~KyZ, `mZr EH$ Imobr am_H$U
_hmamOmZm ahm`mg {Xbr. Jwho`m ~mOybm Mma nmM Imo`m hmo`m.
Y~Y`mMo AmVbo ~mOyg _moR>m JwhoV, g_W am_Xmg dm_tMr,
Xmg~moY Amn`m _wImZo gmJV AgVmZmMr _yVu. g_moa H$`mUdm_tMr _yVu. hmVmV boIUr KoVbobr. g_moa ~gyZ Xmg~moY {bhrV
AmhoV. _moR>o N>mZ {R>H$mU. VY emVVm. nmdgm`mnmgyZ OmZodmar
n`V, \$V Y~Y`m`m nm`mMm AmdmO. KZXmQ> PmS>r. `m_wio
{XdgmnU gy`{H$aUo Kirn`V nmoMV ZmhrV. `m_wio {XdgmnU _X
Agm H$me. amr Va gd H$mhr, amHo$b`m {X`mdaM Mmbo.
AmOy~mOy`m S>mJ| amda `mZmgmR>r Iyn {R>H$mUo. _hmamOmZm {edWaKi
IynM AmdS>br. _moOHo$M bmoH$ XeZmbm `oV. emVVoV `mZ H$aVm
`oBb hUyZ, _hmamO Iye Pmbo.

_hmamOmZr lr. JmJb `mZm ngo {Xbo. `mZr EH$ doi Ood`mMr
gmo` Ho$br. Am~o {edWa JmdmVyZ XyYdmbm KirV XyY KoD$Z `oV
212 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Ago. _hmamO {Z`{_V `mMoH$Sy>Z AYmeoa XyY KoV. _hmamOmMr

{Z` gmYZm. Moh`mdarb VoO, hgV_wI Moham, Zoh_r JmoS>
~mobUo, gd H$mhr `mbm ^mdbo. Vmo hUmbm, _hmamO Amhr
H$>H$ar bmoH$. {Xdg^a H$m~mS> H$>mV OmVmo, V|hm Hw$R>o nmoQ>mbm,
nmoQ>^a A {_iVo. nU Vw_`mH$S>o nm{hbo H$s, XodmMr AmR>dU
hmoVo. Am_Mm O_ AgmM dm`m OmUma. _bm H$mhrVar _mJ
XmIdm. {edWa KirV hmoUm`m ^OZ dMZm`m H$m`H$_mZm Vmo
JmdmVrb bmoH$m~amo~a hOa Agm`Mm. `mbm Am`m_mMr JmoS>r
hmoVr. na_mWm~b {dMmaUmam EH$Var _mUyg ^oQ>bm, hUyZ
_hmamO AmZ{XV Pmbo. _hmamOmZr `mbm ~rO _mMm CnXoe
H$$Z, {Z`{_V Zm__aU H$am`bm gm{JVbo. _hmamO gmYmaU XmoZ
_{hZo {edWa KirV _wH$m_mbm hmoVo. Vmo n`V `m XyYdm`mMr
MmJbr JVr Pmbr hmoVr.
{edWaKibm _hmamOmZr,
VUmbm Am_h`onmgyZ dmMdbo

{edWaKiMm H$mi Iyn N>mZ hmoVm. _hmamOmMr nhmQ>onmgyZ amr

n`VMr gmYZm Cm_ Pmbr. Vr EH$mVm_wio. _hmamO g`mH$mi`m
doiog, Kir`m ~mOy`m S>m|JamV {\$am`bm OmV. nm` _moH$io hmoV.
VgoM {ZgJm`m gm{`mV _Z g hmoB. EH$Xm {\$am`bm Jobo
AgVmZm, g_moa S>mJ| am`m H$S>mda EH$ VU C^m hmoVm. Vm|S> H$S>mMo
~mOybm. nmT>am nm`Om_m d nmT>am eQ>. S>mo`mda nmT>ar ImXrMr Q>monr.
EH$Q>mM hmoVm. _hmamOmZm `mMr hmbMmb ge`mnX dmQ>br. ~hVoH$
H$S>md$Z CS>r _m$Z, Ord Xo`mMm {dMma hmoVm. _hmamO YmdVM
nwT>o Job.o nmR>r_mJyZ `m`m eQ>mM
r H$mba Yabr. IMH$Z _mJo AmoT>b.o
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 213

_hmamO doirM nmohmoMbo. ZmhrVa `mZo H$S>md$Z ZH$sM Imbr

CS>r _mabr AgVr. Vmo VU _hmamOmZm nmhZ aSy> bmJbm. _hmamO
H$m _bm dmMdbo? _r Ordmbm H$Q>mibmo.
_hmamOmZr ~mOy`m XJS>mda `mbm ~gdbo. nmR>rd$Z hmV
{\$adrbm. emV Ho$bo. _hmamO hUmbo, ~m~mao ZaXoh {_iUo EdT>o
gmono Zmhr. `mMo H$`mU H$am`Mo gmoSy>Z, Vy Am_h`m H$aVmog.
Am_h`oMo nmVH$ Iyn _moR>o Amho. `m_wio Vy Kmoa ZaH$mV Omerb.
AZV `mVZm ^moJerb. Vmo _mUyg {eH$bobm hmoVm. WmoS>r \$ma g_O
hmoVr. _hmamO hUmbo, Vwbm H$m` EdT>o Xw:I Amho? gmJVar _bm.
`m VUmMr h{H$H$V WmoS>r {d{MM hmoVr. Vmo ^moa`m \$Q>arV
ZmoH$arbm hmoVm. {edWa Kir`m ~mOybmM `mMo Jmd. VoWoM amhZ
^moa`m \$Q>arV ZmoH$arg OmV hmoVm. bJ hmoD$Z Oo_Vo_ df Pmbo
hmoVo. ZwH$VrM AmB dmabr. Kar ~m`H$mo EH$Q>rM Ago. `mMo dS>rb
{V`mH$S>o dmBQ> ZOaoZo ~KV. hr Jmo> H$moR>o ~mobVm nU `oV ZhVr.
_ZmV dmBQ> {dMmamMo H$mha _mObo. _ZmVrb {dMmamMm ^ma Ag
hmoD$Z Vmo Ord Xo`mg {ZKmbm hmoVm. _hmamO hUmbo, EdT>r N>moQ>r
Jmo> Am{U Vy Ord m`bm {ZKmbmg. \$ma gmono Amho. Vy ~m`H$mobm
_mhoar nmR>d. Oam bm~ ZmoH$ar ~K. ZmoH$ar {_imbr H$s, ZdrZ Ka
H$a Am{U ~m`H$mobm KoD$Z Om. gdM Z {_Q>b
o . `mZo _hmamOmMo nm`
Yabo. hUmbm, EdT>r gmonr Jmo>. _m`m H$er bjmV Ambr Zmhr?
_hmamOmZr `mbm OnmMr _mi {Xbr. amoO EH$ _mi "" Z_:
{edm`'' m {g _mMm On H$amd`mg gm{JVbm. gd H$mhr MmJbo
hmoBb, Agm AmerdmX {Xbm. VUmMo g_mYmZ Pmbo. _hmamOmZr
Ord dmM{dbm, hUyZ `mMo Am^ma _mZbo d {ZKyZ Jobm. nwT>o
_{h`mZVa Vmo VU, _hmamOmZm emoYV {edWa KirV Ambm.
_hmamOmZm Z_H$ma H$$Z WmoS>o noT>o d e^a n`o _hmamOm`m
nm`mg_mo a R> o d bo . Mo h am \w $ {V {XgV hmo V m. _hmamOm `m
214 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

gmJ`m_mUo, `mbm A{b~mJbm ZmoH$ar {_imbr hmoVr. ZwH$VoM

^mS>mZo Ka KoVbo. AmVm `oWyZ ~m`H$moMo _mhoar OmD$Z, {Vbm KoD$Z
A{b~mJbm OmUma hmoVm. _hmamOmZm AmZX Pmbm. {Z`{_V Zm__aU
H$arV Om. hUyZ `mbm CnXoe Ho$bm. XmoZ VrZ {XdgmVM _hmamO
{edWa KirVyZ naV {ZKmbo. lr. JmJb d `m`m nZrMo Am^ma
_mZbo. Cm_ gmYH$mMo OrdZ `mZr OdiyZ ~{KVbo hmoVo.
_hmamO nw`mV
S>m. hZw_Vamd Hw$bH$Uu `mMoH$S>o

B.g. 1983. OmZodmar _{hZm gnbm hmoVm. am_H$U _hmamO

~gZo ^moa _mJ} nw`mbm Ambo. {_aOo`m S>m. Zmam`UamdmMm _moR>m
_wbJm, S>m. hZw_V Hw$bH$Uu. _hmamOmMm nwV`mM. Vmo nw`mV
qghJS> amoS>bm, JUoe _im Ear`mV, B{XamZJabm ahmV hmoVm. Imbr
XdmImZm d da Mma Imo`mMo Ka. _hmamO S>m. hZw_Vamd Hw$bH$Uu
`mMo XadmIm`mg_moa, g`mH$miMo gw_mamg OmD$Z C^o am{hbo.
ny U gmYy do e mV. `mZo Amo i Ibo M Zmhr. am_H $ U H$mH$m
{h_mb`mVyZ naV Ambo AmhoV. ho `mbm _mhrV hmoVo. _hmamO
hUmbo, H$m` hZw_Vm? AmoiIbo Zmhrg. AmdmOmd$Z S>mQ>amZr
am_H$U H$mH$mZm bJoMM AmoiIbo. AZmoiIrnUmMr ^mdZm
OmD$Z, Moh`mda AmnbonUmMm AmZX PiH$bm. `mZo dmHy$Z
Z_H$ma Ho$bm. _hmamOmMo gm_mZ hmVmV KoVbo. `mZm AmXamZo
da`m KamV Zobo. am_H$U H$mH$mZm ~KyZ S>mQ>am`m nZr gm.
Cdbmbm AmZX Pmbm. _hmamOmZm EH$ ~mOyMr $_ {Xbr.
am_H$U _hmamO amr OodV ZgV. WmoS>m Anmonhma d XyY KoD$Z
gdm`m Jnm gw$ Pm`m. `mZm _hmamOmH$Sy>Z {h_mb`mVrb
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 215

h{H$H$Vr EoH$m``m hmo`m. ZmoH$arV AgVmZm am_H$UH$mH$m, `m`m

_Z{_imdy d^mdm_wio gdmMo bmS>Ho$ hmoVo. _hmamO VrZ {Xdg
JwnUo S>m. hZw_VamdmH$S>o am{hbo.
_hmamOmMr Mm\$i`m am__{Xambm ^oQ> d
Hw$~S>r VrWmMo XeZ

_hmamO nw`mhZ ~gZo {ZKyZ Mm\$ibm Ambo. VoWo g_WmZr

WmnZ Ho$bobo am__{Xa Amho. ZVa Ow`m _{XamMm OrUm}ma {g
CmoJnVr d XmZeya lr. _\$VbmbeoQ> `mZr Ho$bm. _hmamOmZr ^y
am_MmMo XeZ KoVbo. _Yo ^y am_M, S>m`m ~mOybm grVm_mB d
CO`m ~mOybm {` ~Yw b_U `m`m C`m _yVu. Iyn gwXa AmhoV.
VoWrb nwOmar _amR>o `mZm ^oQ>bo. XmoZ {Xdg ahm`mMm _ZmoX` `V
Ho$bm. _hmamOm`m Moh`mdaMo gmpdH$ ^md hUm qH$dm `mMr
AVaeVr hUm. ghgm _hmamOmZm H$moUr Zmhr hUV Zgo. lr.
_amR>o `mZr _hmamOmZm _{XamMo nmR>r_mJMr EH$ Imobr {Xbr.
AmKmoirMr dJao gd `dWm hmoVr. nU OodUmMo Vw_Mo Vwhmbm ~Kmdo
bmJob, hUyZ gm{JVbo. _hmamOmMm gd ^adgm Amn`m
gXJw$da hmoVm. ~mhoa EH$ MhmMo XwH$mZ hmoVo. amr XyY {_imbo
Zmhr. \$V Mhm VodT>m {_imbm. _hmamO `mVhr g_mYmZr
hmoVo.
nhmQ>og lram_mMr H$mH$S> AmaVr Pmbr. _hmamO AmYrM CR>bo
hmoVo. H$mH$S> AmaVr ZVa Xodim`m g^mJhmV `mZmbm ~gbo. g
dmVmdaU. Omd` WmZ. ^w am_MmMo ApVd OmUdV hmoVo.
bJoMM `mZ bmJbo. gH$mir _amR>o `mZr, Mm\$iMo _{XamMo AmVrb
~mOyg Agbobr Jwhm XmI{dbr. nydu VoWyZ ^w`mar _mJmZo WoQ> da
216 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

gmZJS>mda OmVm `oV hmoVo, Ago hUVmV. Mm\$inmgyZ da XrS>

{H$._r. AVamda "Hw$~S>r VrW' Amho. _wgb_mZmMo am` AgVmZm,
g_W am_Xmgdm_r d {edmOr _hmamO VoWyZ OmV hmoVo. {edmOr
_hmamOmZm VhmZ bmJbr. AmOy~mOybm H$moR>o nmUr _mJ`mV YmoH$m
hmoVm. g_W am_Xmg dm_tZr, Amnbr Hw$~S>r EH$m XJS>mda AmnQ>br.
XJS> ^Jbm. AmVyZ {Z_i nm`mMm Pam ~mhoa Ambm. VoM ho Hw$~S>r
VrW. ZVa ~mOybmM g_WmZr _mVr`m _{XamMr WmnZm Ho$br.
am_H$U _hmamO g_W am_Xmg dm_tMr AmR>dU H$mT>V, Hw$~S>r
VrWmMo nmUr `m`bo. nmUr JmoS> hmoVo. ZVa _mVram`mMo XeZ KoVbo.
EH$mVmVbo a` WmZ. WmoS>m doi `mZmbm ~gbo. CZ WmoS>o H$_r
Pm`mda Imbr Mm\$ibm naV Ambo. amoO g`mH$mir Mm\$iMo
_{XamV am_H$Wm Mmbo. `mMm AmZX KoVbm. _hmamOmMo Mm\$i_Ybo
XmoZ {Xdg N>mZ Jobo. nU VoWo OodU {_imbo Zmhr. ImZmdi
ZhVrM. WmoS>o XyY, Mhm d Mwa_wao `mMmM Zd
o Xohmbm XmI{dVm
Ambm. {h_mb`mVbr gd` hmoVrM. {edm` gXJw$Mr BN>m.
H$moUmbmM Xmof Z XoVm _hmamO Mm\$ihZ gmVm`mbm Ambo. Vo
Zoh_r`mM AmZXmV.
_hmamO Mm\$ihZ g_W am_Xmg
dm_t`m gmZJS>bm

_hmamO gmVm`m`m ~g Q>S>bm CVabo. XwnmaMo Mma dmObo

hmoVo. gmZJS>bm Om`mgmR>r MmH$er Ho$br. AmVm amrMo doiog
JS>mda OmUo e` hmoUma Zmhr. gmVmam ehamV amOdmS>mMo ~g
Q>mn Odi, gmZJS> gWmZMr Y_emim Amho. amr VoWo amhZ gH$mir
JS>mda OmVm `oBb, Ago g_Obo. `m_mUo _hmamO {gQ>r ~gZo
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 217

Y_emioV Ambo. amr _wH$m_ Ho$bm. gH$mir bdH$a CRy>Z nair

JmdmV Ambo. nair Jmd gmZJS>`m nm``mer. VoWyZ 700-800
nm``m MTy>Z JS>mda Omdo bmJo. AmVm ~g WoQ> JS>mda OmVo. \$$
100 nm``mM MT>m`m bmJVmV. nair JmdmVM H$mS>{goa
dm_tMm _R> Amho. am_H$U _hmamOmZr Amn`m nWm`m _yi nwfmMo
XeZ KoVbo. _J JS> MT>m`bm gwadmV Ho$br. A{Z`{_V, H$_r OmV
CMr`m XJS>r nm``m. MT>m`bm H$R>rU. H$>m{edm` Xod {_iV Zmhr,
hoM Iao. _hmamOmMo eara {h_mb`mV amhZ H$mQ>H$ Pmbo hmoV.o Vo nQ>mnQ>
da MTy>Z Jobo. ~amo~arMo bmoH$ _mJoM am{hbo.
gmZJS>mdaMr {eV~ CnmgZm

XwnmaMo gmS>o AH$am dmObo hmoVo. _hmamO gmZJS> gWmZ`m

Am\$sgmV Joobo. VoWo `dWmnH$ lr. gwZrb qMMmiH$a, Am\$sg ~X
H$$Z, _{XamV Xwnma`m CnmgZogmR>r {ZKmbo hmoVo. `mZr _hmamOmMr
MmH$er Ho$br. n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO d Jw$Xod amZS>o `mMo~b
`mZm _m{hVr hmoVr. `m`m nWmVrb gmYy hUyZ Am_r`Vm dmQ>br.
Vo hUmbo, gm_mZ `oWM
o R>do m. hmVnm` YwdZy _mPo~amo~a _{XamV Mbm.
Xwnma`m CnmgZoMr KQ>m Pmbr Amho. Am`mZVa Vwhmbm Imobr XoVmo.
_hmamO d lr. qMMmiH$a ~mobV ~mobV _{XamV Jobo. CnmgZm gw$
Pmbr hmoVr. g_W am_Xmg dm_tMr ^` g_mYr. da gwXa _yVu.
JS>mdarb gd godH$ _S>ir d ~mhoa JmdmhyZ Ambobr ^V_S>ir
emVVoV ~gbr hmoVr.
WmoS>o Xmg~moYmMo dmMZ Pmbo. JS>mdarb H$m`_ ahmUmar godH$
_S>irM, R>amdrH$ godoMo H$m_ H$arV. nyOm, ^OZ, gm\$g\$mB, ^moOZ
dmT>Uo B. H$m_o gdmZm dmQy>Z {Xbr hmoVr. gd H$mhr {eV~. Xmg~moY
218 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

dmMZm ZVa AmaVr Pmbr. amr`m ^OZmMm H$m`H$_, XrS> Vo XmoZ

Vmg Mmbo. g_WmZr {b{hbobo _ZmMo bmoH$, H$$Um>Ho$, eoOmaVr B.
EH$m MmbrV gdOU hUV. Iyn N>mZ dmQ>o. W_ EoH$Um`mMo _Z
g hmoD$Z OmB. Xmg~moY hm Va _hmamOm`m d$n gXm`mMm,
_wI gX^ JW. `mMo _yi {R>H$mUr Am`mZo, _hmamOmZm AmZX
Pmbm. AmaVr ZVa gd ^VJU ^moOZJhmH$S>o Job.o gmYoM nU $MH$a
gmXmMo AmZo, _hmamOmMm AVam_m V Pmbm. ZVa lr.
qMMmiH$amZr _hmamOmZm Oam bm~Mr Imobr {Xbr. _hmamOmMo
gmYZmV ``` `oUma Zmhr, hm `mMm hoV.y g`mH$mir _hmamO JS>mda
{\$$Z Ambo. `mZm dHw$R>dmgr Zmam`U bH$S>|Mr Vrd AmR>dU Pmbr.
_hmamOmMo OrdZ nMmH$Sy>Z na_mWmH$S>o di{d`mV, VoM H$maUr^yV
hmoVo. AOyZ `mMm ghdmg bm^m`bm nm{hOo hmoVm. _hmamO JS>m`m
nmR>r_mJ`m ~mOyg Jobo. OoWyZ Zmam`U bH$S>|Zr CS>r _mabr, `m
XarOdi _hmamO {dfU _ZpWVrV C^o am{hbo. _Zmo_Z `m emnrV
Am`mbm lmObr AnU Ho$br.
gmZJS>mda _hmamOmZm g_W am_Xmg
dm_tMo XeZ

JS>mda 78 {XdgmZr XmgZd_rMm Cgd hmoVm. V`mar Mmby

hmoVr. lr. gwZrb qMMmiH$a AmVm _hmamOmMo MmJbo {_ Pmbo hmoVo.
AZoH$ Am`m_rH$ {df`mda `m`m MMm hmoV. lr. qMMmiH$a ho
g_W dmL>_`mMo JmTo> A`mgH$. `mMo ~aoM A`mgnydH$ boIZ
Amho. _hmamOmMr CnmgZm AZw^dmVyZ gmH$ma Pmbobr. g_W am_Xmg
dm_tZr Xmg~moYmV H$WZ Ho$bo`m ""amoH$S>m gmjmH$mamMm''
`mZr AZw^d KoVbobm. _hmamOm~amo~a`m MM}Zo qMMmiH$amZm Vo
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 219

OmUdbo. lr. H$a_H$a d lr. gmR>o ho XmKo godH$ gmJbrMo. `mMr

nU _hmamOm~amo~a MmJbr _r Pmbr. Vo AmOdmZo _hmamOm`m Mhm
nm`mMr d Ood`mMr H$miOr KoV. Odi Odi _{hZm^a _hmamO
gmZJS>bm hmoVo. JS>mdarb CnmgZoMm AmZX KoV, dV:Mr
gmYZm nU Ho$br. EH$m amr `mZm_Yo, g_W am_Xmg dm_tZr
_hmamOmZm XeZ {Xbo. g_W dMZ H$arV AmhoV d g_moa ~gyZ
H$`mUdm_r, gmdr AH$m~mB d BVa {e`JU EH$mJVoZo
ldU H$arV AmhoV. OUy H$mhr ldU ^VrMo __M g_W
g_OmdyZ gmJV AmhoV. _moR>o _Zmoha ` hmoVo. _hmamO VrZ
hmoD$Z Jobo.
AmO lrjo `>rMr nU {VM pWVr Amho. {Z>mdmZ gmYH$
`>r`m n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m g_mYr _{XamVrb,
CnmgZoMm AmZX KoV KoV Amnbr dV:Mr nU gmYZm H$aVmV.
n{d Am{U g dmVmdaU. g_W gXJw $ am_H$U _hmamOmMo
ApVd. `mMo _mJUm`mbm {_iUmao _mJXeZ. n.ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm gy_ XohmZo dmda. gdH$mhr {dbjU.
hUyZ ~aoM ^VJU `>rbm Amnbo _mhoaM g_OVmV. ~`mM
doigo _hmamO JS>mdarb lrYadm_t`m Hw$Q>rV OmD$Z `mZmbm ~gV.
lrYaHw$Q>rMo AmVbo ~mOyg, EH$ dQ>dj
Amho. VoWo ~gyZ lrYadm_tZr
~amM H$mi Vn`m Ho$br. OmUH$mambm AmOhr, VoWrb A` eVrMo
db` OmUdVo. XmgZd_rMm Cgd gw$ hmoUma hmoVm. nm{hOo Vgm
EH$mV {_iUma ZhVm. am_H$U _hmamOmZr gd n[a{MVmMm {Zamon
KoVbm. g_W am_Xmg dm_tZm dXZ Ho$bo. g _ZmZo JS>md$Z
{ZKyZ, nair _mJ} gmVm`mbm Ambo.
220 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

am_H$U _hmamOmMo Jm|Xd`mV dmV`

gmVm`mhZ 65 {H$._r. AVamda Jm|Xdbo. lr. gXJw $ ~MV`

_hmamO `mMo Jmd d H$_^_y r. `mZm gd Jm|XdboH$a _hmamO hUyZM
AmoiIbo OmVo. Vo am_Zm_mMo CnmgH$. Am_kmZr dMZH$ma. AIS>
am_Zm_mMm On H$arV d Zm__aUmMr _hVr Amn`m dMZmVyZ
bmoH$mZm nQ>dyZ XoV. Jm|Xd`mbm `mMo Ka. YmH$Q>o am__{Xa. Wmoabo
am__{Xa d `mMo eV Ago g_mYr _{Xa Amho. AIS> CnmgZm
MmbVo. VgoM {dZm_mo~Xbm Xmohr doi AXmZ. _moR>o n{d Am{U
Omd` {R>H$mU. am_H$U _hmamO g`mH$miMo gw_mamg Jm|Xd`mbm
nmohmoMbo. ~MV` _hmamOmMo g_mYr _{XamV Jobo. amr hmb_YoM
_wH$m_ Ho$bm. ^VmgmR>r d gmYH$mgmR>r ahm`mMr, AmKmoirMr,
OodUmMr Cm_ `dWm. nhmQ>o H$mH$S> AmaVr. H$mH$S> AmaVr ZVa
amoO bmoUr d gmIaoMm gmX. hmb_Yo ~gyZ ^VOZ ""lram_ O`
am_, O` O` am_'' _mMm, _mi hmVmV Y$Z AIS> On H$aVmV.
_moR>o g dmVmdU. am_H$U _hmamO gH$mir, VoWrb `dWmnH$mZm
^oQ>bo. Amnbr AmoiI gm{JVbr. {_aOoMo Hw$bH$Uu `mMo VoWrb Q>Q>r
{_ hmoVo. _hmamOmZr `mMr AmoiI {Xbr. `dWmnH$mZr EH$
_{h`mgmR>r _hmamOmZm Imobr {Xbr. _hmamOmMr VoWo amhZ gmYZm
H$a`mMr Iyn BN>m hmoVr. gXJw$Zr Ver `dWm H$$Z {Xbr.
_hmamO gH$mi, Xwnma d amr`m CnmgZobm _{XamV hOa ahmV. ~mH$s
doi Amn`m ImobrV ~gyZ `mZ, On H$arV.
MmJbm EH$mV {_imbm hmoVm. \$mago H$moUr AmoiIV ZhVo.
kmZmoma gmYZm, AmZXr AmZXM. qnS>r Vo ~mS>r Ago Wmoa
gVmZr hQ>boM Amho. `mZmV AVaJmMm CbJS>m hmoV hmoVm.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 221

`mM ~amo~a ~mS>mMr AmoiI hmoV hmoVr. {ZJwU {ZamH$ma

na_oam`m brboMo H$mVHw $ H$amdo VodT>o WmoS>M
o . ho gd Am_kmZr
gmYwgVM OmUVmV. Xwnmar ~amo~a 12 dmOVm AXmZmbm gwadmV
hmoVo. Iyn _mo>o ^moOZ Jh. AmV`m ~mOybm gmOoeo d`nmH$Ka. EH$m
doiog Mmaeo bmoH$ nJVrbm ~gVrb, EdT>m _moR>m hmb. gd nwfmZm
eQ> H$mTy>ZM Oodm`bm ~gmdo bmJVo. Zoh_rMo godoH$ar d ^V_S>ir
dmT>`mMo H$m_ H$aVmV. Vmo n`V gdOU ""lram_ O` am_, O` O`
am_'' _mMm gm_wXm{`H$ On H$aVmV. daU-^mV, ^mOr, nmoir d
EImXm JmoS> nXmW. nmoQ> ^a OodU. amoO {H$Vrhr bmoH$ AgmoV H$moUr
Cnmer ahmV Zmhr. ~ao OodUmgmR>r Hw$R>boM ewH$ Zmhr. Hw$nZ Zmhr.
na_mWmV AXmZmbm Iyn _hd. EdT>m _moR>m IM. nU H$mhrM
H$_r nS>V Zmhr. ~MV` _hmamOm`m H$noZo bm~ bm~Mo
^VJU _R>mgmR>r AYm`, Vobm VwnmMo S>~o, amoI ngo XmZ
H$aVmV. Jm|Xd`mbm `ooUmam `oH$ ^VJU VoWo CnmgZm
H$$Z, gmXm`m AmMo godZ H$$Z V hmoVmo. naV OmVmZm
Amn`m~amo~a, am_Zm_mMo VrW KoD$Z OmVmo. A`m n{d
dmVmdaUmV _hmamO EH$ _{hZm am{hbo. B.g. 1983 Mm E{b
_{hZm gnbm hmoVm.
_hmamOmMo {_aOo`m JUoe _{XamV
dmV` d ^{$gma

Jm|Xd`mhZ {dQ>m _mJ}, _hmamO {_aOobm Ambo. {_aOobm ~mU

nwarV VwigrXmg _R> Amho. Kar Z OmVm, _hmamO VwigrXmg _R>mV
Jobo. EH$ {Xdg am{hbo. eoOmarM gmJbr`m nQ>dYZ amOm`m
_mbH$sMo JUoe _{Xa Amho. eJ ao r _R>mMo eH$amMm`, `m doigo {_aOoV
222 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Ambo hmoV.o `mMm _wH$m_ JUoe _{XamVrb EH$m ImobrV hmoVm. `m`m
XeZmgmR>r ~aoM bmoH$ Ambo hmoVo. `>r`m Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m
g_mYr _{XamMm EH$ Q>Q> Amho. `mMo MoAa_Z JmoJQ>o gmho~. Vo
eH$amMm`m`m XeZmbm Ambo hmoVo. `mMr d am_H$U _hmamOmMr
^oQ> Pmbr. Xwg`m {Xder eH$amMm` naV Jobo. Vo ahmV Agbobr
Imobr, lr. JmoJQ>o gmho~mMo AmoiIrZo _hmamOmZm {_imbr. Vr VrZ
_{h`mgmR>r. _hmamO VoWo amhZ gmYZm H$$ bmJbo.
~mUnwarVbo S>m. Zmam`Uamd d lr. lr{Zdmgamd `mMo Ka
OdiM hmoV.o Vo XmoKO
o U _hmamOmMo Wmoabo ~Y.y lr. JmoqdXamd (Anm)
~`mM doim VoWM
o ahmV. amoO OodUmMm S>~m K$Z `oV Ago. Vo gdOU
amo O _hmamOm Z m ^o Q > m `bm `o V . Ka`m Jnm H$_rM. nU
Am`m_m~bM ~mobUo. _hmamOmH$Sy>Z doJ doJ`m {df`mdaMo em
ew ~mobUo EoHy$Z, {VKmZmnU AmZX hmoB. Vo Amn`m CnmgZo~b`m
eH$m {dMmarV. _hmamO `mo` Vmo Iwbmgm H$arV. AmVm AmOy~mOyMo
~aoMgo bmoH$, AmoiIrZo _hmamOm`m XeZmbm `oV. _hmamOmMo ~mobUo
hUOo dMZ. EoHy$Z bmoH$mMo g_mYmZ hmoB. Vo Amn`m mn{MH$
AS>MUtMo JmhmUo, _hmamOm`m H$mZmda KmbrV. {ZdmaU H$a`mMm
Cnm` {dMmarV. _hmamO `o H $mbm R> a mdrH$ Zm__aU
^Vr^mdmZo H$a`mg gmJV. Zm__aUmZo AV:H$aU ew
hmoD$Z maY H$_ H$_r hmoVo. ^JdVm`m H$noZo AS>MUtMo
{ZdmaU hmoVo. ^JdVnU gVnwfm`m eXmbm ~mYbobm
AgVmo. `mV`m `mV, Am_kmZr nwfmMr dmUr Vmo Iar H$aVmo.
AS>MUtMo {ZdmaU Pm`mda bmoH$ _hmamOmZm Z_H$ma H$$Z X{jUm
XoV. nU _hmamO Vr drH$maV ZhVo. dam` Vrd hmoV.o Xa _{h`m`m
nm{U_obm _hmamO `>rbm OmV. gXJw$ Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo XeZ
KoD$Z naV `oV. VoWrb {Xdm~mr d BVa IMmgmR>r, Amn`m noeZ_YyZ
AnmH$S>o ngo XoV. JUoe _{XamVbo VrZ _{h`mMo dmV` gnbo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 223

_hmamO AmXw~a`m Vnmo^w_rV

gmV df} dmV`

gmJbr nmgyZ 20 {H$._r. AVamda, lrjo AmXw~a Amho. H$Um

ZXr`m H$mR>mda, XmAdVma lr. ZqghgadVr dm_tMo _{Xa.
{Z`{_V XmmMr CnmgZm MmbVo. bm~ bm~yZ bmoH$ `oV AgVmV. Iyn
nwamVZ _{Xa. S>m`m ~mOybm H$UmH$mR>mdaM, ~mZX dm_tMm Aml_
Amho. nydunmgyZMm. ~mZX dm_tMr g_mYr. ~mOybm eH$amMo _{Xa.
_mo>o Amdma. `moH$$Zm d godH$mZm ahm`mgmR>r ~`mM`m Imo`m.
lr. JmoJQ>o gmho~mMr VoWo MmJbr AmoiI hmoVr. `mZr _hmamOmZm
{M>r {Xbr. _hmamO Amnbo gd gm_mZ KoD$Z AmX~w abm Ambo. VoWrb
gnyU `dWm nyUmZX _hmamO ~KV. VoM nyOm AMm H$arV. XodmMm
Zdo hmoV Ago. d`nmH$mMr gd `dWm hmoVr. am_H$U _hmamO
nyUmZX dm_tZm ^oQ>bo. JmoJQ>o gmho~mMr {M>r XmI{dbr.
nyUmZX dm_tZr _hmamOmMr nyU {dMmanyg Ho$br. aodoVbr ZmH$ar
gmoSy>Z {h_mb`mV OmD$Z Ho$bobr Vn`m. `mMo VoO Moh`mda n>
{XgV hmoVo. `mZr Aml_m`m doemamOdiM Agbobr Xhm ~m`
~mamMr Imobr _hmamOmZm {Xbr. _hmamOmZm ~mZX Aml_mMm n[aga
Iyn AmdS>bm. Imobr`m ~mhoa nS>`m~amo~a H$Um ZXrMm gW
dmhUmam dmh {XgV hmoVm. gmYZogmR>r Cm_ WmZ. _hmamOmZr AmYr
gd Imobr dN> H$$Z KoVbr. gm_mZ bmdbo. XwnmaMo EH$M doi
OodU. `mgmR>r nyUmZX dm_tZm ngo XoV. Zdo Pmbm H$s nyUmZX
dm_r _hmamOmZm AmdmO XoV. _hmamO Amnbo VmQ> KoD$Z ImobrV
`oV. amr \$V XyY KoV. _R>mV `oUmam XyYdmbm amoO XyY XoD$Z OmB.
Q>mod d H$mhr ^mS>r hmoVr. XyY VmndyZ KoV. dV: Mhm H$arV. XyY
EH$X_ K>. XyY `m``mZo nmoQ> Va ^aV Ago. {Ohm nU V hmoB.
224 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hmamOmMr {XZM`m

AmOy~mOybm CgmMr eoVr d OdiM H$Um ZXr. `m_wio {Xdg^a

dmVmdaUmV Jmadm. amr WS>r H$S>m`mMr. Ja_ C~Xma nmK$Z KoD$Z
Pmonmdo bmJo. _hmamO {h_mb`mnmgyZ bmoH$arMr Q>monr dmnarV. {Xdgm
S>mo`mda Va amr _mH$S>Q>monrgmaIr. A`m a` dmVmdaUmV
_hmamOmMr gmYZm gw$ Pmbr. AmJQ> 1983 Vo {S>g|~a 1990
n`V, _hmamOmMm _wH$m_ AmXw~abm hmoVm. Xa _{h`mMo nm{U_obm
_m Z MwH$Vm `>rbm OmV.

_hmamO nhmQ>o gmS>oVrZ MmabmM CR>V. `mZmbm ~gV. nhmQ>o`m

n{d dmVmdaUmV, `mZmMr _Om H$mhr AmaM. gmS>onmMbm ImobrVM
H$mH$S> AmaVr H$aV. n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMm d n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMm \$moQ>mo R>do bobm. VobmMr g_B d CX~mr gH$mi g`mH$mi.
OdiM n.ny. ~miH$U _hmamOmMm nU \$moQ>m.o {ZamOZ d H$mnya bmD$Z
AmaVr H$aV. bmBQ> ZhVoM. ImobrV amHo$bMm H$Xrb. ZVa Mhm
KoD$Z AmKmoi. naV gH$mir 8 Vo 11&& Zm__aU d `mZ. OmoS>rbm
`moJmgZo d mUm`m_. Xwnmar 12&& bm OodU. gmS>oVrZ n`V {dlmVr.
_J doJ doJ`m Am`m_rH$ JWmMo dmMZ d A`mg. nmMbm Mhm
KoD$Z ~mhoa nS>V. Vo nm` _moH$io H$a`mgmR>r. W_ ZqghgadVr
dm_tMo _{XamV OmD$Z XeZ. _J ~mhoa`m ~mOybm ~g Q>mn Odi
`oD$Z gai a`mZo {^bdS>r n`V MmbV OmV. AVa XmoZ Vo AS>rM
{H$._r. VgoM nm`r MmbV naV `oV. Mmb`mMm `m`m_ Am{U Vmohr
_moH$`m hdoV. amoO`m {Z`{_V Mmb`mZo earaH$Vr gwT>. _Yo
H$UmZXrdaMm _moR>m nyb. WmoS>mdoi nwbmda ~gyZ, H$UmVramdaMo
{ZgJa` dmVmdaUmH$S>o ~KV ~gV. _Z g hmoD$Z OmB.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 225

{^bdS>rbm nw`m`m {MVi|Mr _moR>r XwYmMr S>A

o ar. {MVio _yiMo
{^bdS>rMo. _hmamOmZm amoO ~KyZ, ~`mM {V{>V bmoH$mZr `mMr
AmoiI H$$Z KoVbr. _hmamOmMo `{$_dM AmH$fH$ Am{U
d^md Va {dMmam`bmM ZH$mo. ~mobm`bm bmJbo, Va _wImVyZ
gmIaoMmM dfmd. A{^_mZ _ZmVM Zmhr Va ~mhoa {XgUma
Var H$gm? Jar~ Agmo, lr_V Agmo, C{e{jV Agmo,
A{e{jV Agmo, gdmerM ~mobUo AmXa^mdmZo. `mV gmYy.
mn { MH$ AS> M UtMo {ZdmaU H$a`mgmR> r ^m{dH$, Va
na_m{WH$ _mJXeZmgmR>r _w_wjw Jmoim hmoUmaM. Odi Odi
gd AmXw~a Jmd _hmamOmZm AmoiIy bmJbm. {^bdS>rMo lr. {MVio
`mMr AmoiI Pmbr. Xmm` ^y`m Ama`m d JmUr {b{hUmao,
gw{g H$dr gwYmey Omoer, ho AmXw~a`m ~g Q>mn g_moaM ahmV.
`m Jm`mZm d Ama`mZm Mmbr bmdyZ, `mMo Jm`Z gw{g Jm`H$
Ama. EZ. namS>H$a `mZr Ho$bo Amho. _hmam>mV Vo Iyn {g AmhoV.
_hmamO ~mhoa {\$am`bm {ZKmbo H$s, H${d gwYmey `mZm ~mobmdyZ KoV.
Am`m_mda MMm hmoB. `m`m eH$m Vo _hmamOmZm {dMmarV.
_hmamOmZr Ho$bo`m Iwbm`mZo `mMo nyU g_mYmZ hmoB.
AmXw~a`m `H$Q>a_U emtH$Sy>Z
~gymMm A`mg

~mZX Aml_ d ZqghgadVr _{XamMo _`^mJr Am{U

H$Uo`m H$mR>mdaM Zmam`UmZXVrW _R> Amho. VoWo lr. `H$Q>a_U
emr ahmV. `mZr doXmMm d Cn{ZfXmMm gImob A`mg Ho$bm hmoVm.
`>r _R>mMo MoAa_Z lr. JmoJQ>o gmho~mZr, am_H$U _hmamOmMr lr.
`H$Q>a_U emter AmoiI H$$Z {Xbr. _hmamOmZr nU Cn{ZfXmMm
226 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

AmXw~aMm {e`JU

A`mg Ho$bm hmoVm. _hmamO d lr. JmoJQ>o gmho~ {Z`{_VnUo H$mhr

{Xdg, lr_V eH$amMm`mMo ~gy {ddaU g_OmdyZ Ko`mg,
`H$Q>a_U emtH$S>o OmV. kmZ_mJm~amo~a ^{$`wV `moJ, H$gm
Amd`H$ Amho? m~b am_H$U _hmamOmMo {dMma, `H$Q>a_U
emtZm nQ>bo. _hmamO Va ^Vr`moJmMo OmUH$ma. WoAar VgoM
Q>rH$b. Xmohrhr Am_gmV Ho$bob.o emt`m AmB d nZr XmoKrOUr
Zm__aU H$arV. AmXw~aMo lr. Hw$^ma d _{Xam`m nwOm`mMr VU
_wb,o _hmamOmH$S>o `moJgmYZm {eH$`mg `oV. JmdmVrb mn{MH$ bmoH$
AS>MUr KoD$Z `oV. _hmamO `mZm Zm__aU H$a`mg gmJV.
gdgm_m` bmoH$mZm Zm__aUmMm H$Q>mim. Xodmg_moa qH$dm
_hmamOmg_moa XmoZ ngo R>odbo H$s, Amnbo H$m_ Pmbo. hr dmr.
gmh{OH$M AmXw~abm Oo ^VJU O_m Pmbo, Vo gmYZmMr
AmdS> AgUmao _w_wjw. _hmamOm`m `mo` _mJXeZmZo `mMo
H$`mUM Pmbo. Vo AmnAmn`m maYmZwgma d gmYZo`m
{MH$mQ>r_mUo.

Bbm_nyahZ lr. Hw$bH$Uu ~Yy ho AmXw~abm _hmamOmMo XeZmg

d `moJ gmYZm {eH$`mg {Z`_rV `oV. gmJbrMo lr. ho_V Hw$bH$Uu,
lr. H$me Hw$bH$Uu, XrnH$ OwdHo $a, {XZoe Hw$bH$Uu d {Xbrn ^mogbo
ho VU. `mMo~amo~a d`mZo _moR>o AgUmao `mdgm{`H$ lr. `nm
_mir ho nU `oV. _w~BhZ am_H$U _hmamOmMo aodoVrb ghH$mar d
{_, lr. har^mD$ Omoer ho dfmVyZ EH$Xm, Xhm ~mam {Xdg AmXw~abm
_hmamOm~amo~a gmYZm H$a`mg `oV. Vo 1984 gmbmnmgyZ. `mZr
_hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_ KoVbo. `mMm CoI mnyduM Ambm Amho. VwV
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 227

M[am`m boIZmMo ^m` bm^bobo lr. O`V ^S>J ho A~aZmW (_w~ B)

`oWo ahmVmV. B.g. 1987 gmbmnmgyZ Vo lr. h[a^mD$ Omoer `mMo
~amo~a, AmXw~abm {Z`{_VnUo `m`bm bmJbo. XmoKoOU Xhm ~mam
{Xdg AmXw~abm, _hmamOmMo ghdmgmV Mmodrg Vmg ahmV. lr.
O`V ^S>J `mZr n{h`mM _wH$m_mV AmXw~abm, n.ny. am_H$U
_hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_ KoVbo. XmoKoOU _hmamOmH$Sy>Z `moJmgZo, mUm`m_
{eH$V. _hmamOmMo _mJXeZmImbr Zm__aU H$arV. `mZmMm
A`mg H$arV. _hmamO `mMo ~amo~a {_dmZo dmJV. {VKoOU
Am`m_m~b _Z_moH$ir MMm H$arV. _hmamOmMm gImob
A`mg d ^{$`wV `moJmMo m`{jH$, `mZo lr. h[a^mD$
Omoer d lr. O`V ^S>J XmoKohr ^m{dV Pmbo. gXJw$`m
Mmodrg Vmg ghdmgm_wio, am_H$U _hmamOm`m Am`m_rH$
eVrMo `mZm `Va Ambo. Amn`m gXJw$Mo AmVyZ d
~mho$Z, dVZ {H$Vr dN> Amho, ho `mZm H$iyZ MwH$bo. `mMm
AmXa^md AOyZM dmT>bm. VZ-_Z-YZmZo `mZr Jw$godobm
dmhZ KoVbo. nM gm^miyZ gmYZ Mmby R>odbo. AmOhr 25
dfmnmgyZ XmoKoOU {Z`Zo_mZo `>rg `oVmV d am_H$U _hmamOm`m
H$nm AmerdmXmMm bm^ KoVmV.
da CoI Ho$bobr gmJbrMr VU _S>ir, _{h`mVZm XmoZ VrZ
doigo AmX~w abm `oV. am_H$U _hmamOmMo _mJXeZmImbr `moJgmYZm
d `mZmMm A`mg H$arV. `m doiog lr. ho_V Hw$bH$Uu d lr.
XrnH$ OwdoH$a `mMr `mZmVbr JVr Cm_ hmoVr. ho dV: lr. O`V
^S>J `mZr nm{hbobo Amho. naVw nwT>o H$mhr H$maUmZo `mMo, am_H$U
_hmamOmH$S>o `oUo ~X Pmbo. Jw$H$nm d Jw$ghdmg AZV H$mi
bm^Uo ho nU maYmV Agmdo bmJVo hoM Iao.
228 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

AmXw~abm ^JdmZ eH$amMo `j XeZ

B.g. 1985 Mm gw_ma hmoVm. lmdU _{hZm. _hmamO lmdU

_{h`mV AZw > m Z H$arV. lmdU _{h`mMm Mm W m gmo _ dma.
g`mH$miMr doi. XwnmaMo dmMZ H$$Z, _hmamO Amn`m ImobrV
XmamerM ~gbo hmoVo. XrS>eo \y$Q>mda Imb`m ~mOyg, H$Um ZXrMm
gW dmh dhmVmZm {XgV hmoVm. AmO _hmamOmZr ~amM doi ""
Z_: {edm`'' _mMm On Ho$bm hmoVm. _ZmV ^JdmZ eH$amMoM {dMma
hmoV.o g_moa ZXrH$Sy>Z Aml_mH$S>,o H$moUrVar `moJr nwf `oV hmoV.o CKS>m
S>mo`mZr _hmamO {VH$S>o nhmV hmoVo. `moJramO Oam nwT>o Ambo.
_hmamOm`m Imobr`m {XeoZoM Vo `oV hmoVo. Odi Ambo.
_hmamOmZr ~{KVbo Va `j ^JdmZ eH$a. `mKm~a WmoS>o
JwT>`m`m Imbr. OQ>m S>mo `mda ~mYbo`m. H$nmimda d Xmohr
hmVm`m XS>mda ^_mMo n>o. EH$m hmVmV {ewi Va Xwg`m
hmVmV H$_S>bw. CJ nU g Moham. ^am^a MmbV nwT>o Ambo.
_hmamO ^m~mdbo. ^JdmZ eH$a BH$S>o Hw$R>o? jUmV gmdabo.
Xmohr hmV OmoSy>Z _VH$ dmH$dyZ, Z_H$ma Ho$bm. naV da nm{hbo,
Va g_moa H$moUrM Zmhr. Am{XZmW eH$a A` Pmbo hmoV.o Vo _hmamOmZm
XeZ XoD$Z. _hmamO nQ>H$Z Imbr ~gbo. {\$am`bm nU Jobo Zmhr.
{H$VrVar doi S>moio {_Qy>Z VgoM ~gbo hmoVo. S>mo`mg_moa ^JdmZ
eH$amMo {X` $n. Ho$dT>o ho ^m`? Wyb XohmVrb ZomZm, `j
^JdmZ eH$amMo XeZ! gXJw $ _{h_m {H$Vr AJmY Amho! `mMoM
`Va.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 229

^{$gmamgmR>r _hmamO EH$mVmVyZ

bmoH$mVmV

B.g. 1990 Mo gwadmVrg, lr. `nm _mir `mZr `dgm`mgmR>r

Q>|nmo {dH$V KoVbm. `mMo drQ> _mQ>Mo XwH$mZ gmJbrbm {dlm_~mJoV
Amho. ZdrZ Q>|nmoMr nyOm n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo hVo hmdr, hUyZ
Q>|nmo KoD$Z Vo gnpZH$ AmXw~abm Ambo. _hmamOm`m hmVyZ Q>|nmoMr
nyOm H$$Z AmerdmX KoVbo. _hmamOmMr nmX nyOm H$$Z, nmM
n`m`m e^a ZmoQ>mMr _mi `mMo J`mV KmVbr. Vohm lr. ho_V
Hw$bH$Uu d lr. H$me Hw$bH$Uu VoWoM hmoVo. `>r Aml_m`m
{dVmamH$[aVm, _hmamOmZr `m n`mMm drH$ma Ho$bm. Vo XmoKmZm
AmdS>bo Zmhr. VohmnmgyZ `m XmoKmZr _hmamOmH$S>o `oUo ~X Ho$bo.
lr. `nm _mir ho Q>|nmoV ~gdyZ, _hmamOmZm `>rbm KoD$Z
Jobo. VoWo nU n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo XeZ KoD$Z `dgm`mgmR>r
AmerdmX KoVbo. _hmamO Xa nm{U_obm `>rbm `oV. `mdoiog XmoZ
Mma {Xdg amhZ, hiy hiy WmoS>o WmoS>o ~mYH$m_ H$adyZ KoV.
^{$gmamgmR>r ZdrZ Aml_mMr Amd`H$Vm hmoVr. Amnbo dV:Mo
noeZ_Yrb ngo gmR>dyZ, W_ `mZr dV: ahm`mgmR>r XmoZ Imo`m
~mY`m. `m n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr XmI{dbo`m {Z`mo{OV
OmJodaM. gXJw$`m Amko_mUo `>rV amhZ ^{$gma H$amd`mMm
hmoVm. `mgmR>r ^VmZm ahm`mg OmJm hdr. `m`m OodUmMr `dWm
H$amd`mg hdr. ho gd H$mhr _hmamOm`m noeZ_Yo hmoUma ZhVo.
`mgmR>r ngo hdoV. ^VmZm ahm`mgmR>r, \$V AnmMr Imobr
hmoVr. Vr H$er nwaUma? hiyhiy ZdrZ Aml_ ~mYmd`mg hdm.
Vgm gHo$V Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr {Xbm hmoVmM. B.g. 1990 Mm
AmQ>mo~a _{hZm hmoVm. _hmamOmZm ahm`mgmR>r, XmoZ Imo`m ~mYyZ
230 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

V`ma Pm`m hmo`m. ^y{_nwOZ aWg_r 1981 bmM Pmbo hmoVo.

`mMm CoI nydu AmbmM Amho. am_H$U _hmamO AmVm bmoH$mVmV
Ambo hmoVo. ^VmZr AnU Ho$bobo YZ, ^{$gmamgmR>r dmna`mMo
R>adbo.
am_H$U _hmamOmMo Abm{H$H$ ~M`

am_H$U _hmamOmZm dV:gmR>r H$mhr ZH$moM hmoVo. ~Mmar hmoVo.

ggmamMm, _wbm~mimMm nme ZhVm. YZ gM`mMr Amd`H$VmM
ZhVr. dV:gmR>r aodoMo noeZ hmoVo. am_H$U _hmamO nyUnUo
~Mmar hmoVo. _mZd Xoh YmaU Ho$`mZVa, r Am{U nwf XmoKmZmhr
~M` nmiUo \$ma H$R>rU Amho. Xoh VU Pm`mZVa, dmgZm \$ma
Vrd hmoVmV. {ZgJ {Z`_M Vmo. dmgZmda {dO` {_i{dUo \$maM
H$R>rU. nMmV _wbmMr bJo doioda Pmbr ZmhrV, Va Vr ^aH$Q>VmV.
dmBQ> _mJmbm bmJVmV. gmYH$mMr AdWm Va \$maM {~H$Q> hmoVo.
Vm` gwb^ ^mdZm, `mbm H$mhrM gwMy XoV ZmhrV. Onmbm
~gbo, `mZmbm ~gbo Var bj bmJV Zmhr. nwf gmYH$mbm
AmOy~mOybm ~{KVbobr, EImXr $ndmZ rM g_moa {Xgy
bmJVo. {Xdg am {VMoM {dMma. {VMoM _ZZ. B>XodVoMr,
Amn`m gXJw$Mr _yVu S>mo`mg_mo$Z nma bmon nmdVo. gmYH$
nma doS>m hmoVmo. Am_kmZr, {ZH$bH$ gXJw$ Agbo, Va VoM
`mbm m AdWoVZy ~mhoa H$mTy> eH$VmV. Amn`m Am`mp_H$
eVrMo ~imda. {e`mMo _Z dmgZoVyZ ~mhoa H$mTy>Z, naV
gXdVwda pWa H$aVmV. Ho$dT>r MS> eVr A`m gXJw$_Yo
Agbr nm{hOo? `oH$ VU d`mVrb gmYH$mbm m AdWoVyZ
Omdo bmJVo. EH$ Va Vmo bJ H$$Z nMmg bmJVmo Am{U gmYZog am_
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 231

^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMr
nw`{VWr AmXw~abm gmOar

am_ R>moH$Vmo. ZmhrVa nM H$arV H$arV na_mW H$aVmo. `oH$mMo maY

H$_ `mbm H$maUr^yV AgVo. nyUnUo ~M` nmiyZ gmYH$mMm
{g hmoUmam ""_hm_mM'' hQ>bm nm{hOo. am_H$U _hmamO nU
m AdWoVyZ Jobo hmoVo. ZmoH$arMo H$mimV H$mhr _mohmMo gJ Ambo.
nU A`m doir, Vo Amnbo gXJw $ Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr mWZm H$arV.
`mZrM Amn`m bmS>`m {e`mbm Vm$Z Zobo. AmO d`m`m 79
`m dfunU am_H$U _hmamO {ZH$bH$ AmhoV. ~aoMgo ~Mmar
_hmamO, d`m`m gmR> dfmZVa bJ H$$Z mn{MH$ hmoVmV. Aer
CXmhaUo KS> b o b r Amho V . `o W o {e` Am{U Jw $ Xmo K o h r
Abm{H$H$M.

B.g. 1988 Mm gw_ma. n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO, am_H$U

_hmamOm`m dZmV Ambo. hUmbo, _mPr nw`{VWr Vy AmXw~abm
gmOar H$a. Vw`m {e`mZm ~mobmdyZ {Xdg^a Zm__aU H$a. gmXmMo
OodU H$a. _r dV: `m doiog hOa amhrZ. _mK ew. VVr`obm
^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMr nw`{VWr. AmXw~aMo lr. Hw$bH$Uu d lr.
{Jare Omoer bdH$aM Ambo. WmoS>m doimZo lr. h[a^mD$ Hw$^ma nU
Ambo. n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMm \$moQ>mo, _hmamOmMo ImobrV hmoVmM.
`mMr nyOm Ho$br. Zm__aUmg gwadmV Ho$br. gH$mir Xhm`m gw_mamg
n.ny. ~miH$U _hmamOmMo {e` lr. ZXm\$ Ambo. AH$am dmOon`V
gm_wXm{`H$ Zm__aUmMm H$m`H$ _ Pmbm. WmoS>r {dlmVr KoD$Z, Vmg^a
n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOm`m M[amMo dmMZ Pmbo. gmXmMo OodU
232 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

~Z{d`mg, nyUmZX dm_tZm gm{JVbo hmoVo. WmoS>m doi `mZ Ho$bo.

Xwnmar EH$Mo gw_mamg AmaVrbm gwadmV Pmbr. VodT>mV ImobrMm
XadmOm IQ>IQ>bm. _hmamOmZr Xma CKS>bo. ~Ho$arMo ~miH$U
_hmamO g_moa C^o hmoVo. _hmamOmZr `mZm AmV ~mobmdbo. Vo ImobrV
Ambo. Mmby Agbo`m AmaVrV gh^mJr Pmbo. `mZr ^mD$gmho~
_hmamOm`m \$moQ>mobm Z_H$ma Ho$bm. hUmbo, AmO ^mD$gmho~
_hmamOmMr nw`VrWr. Vwhr `oWo gmOar H$aVmV nmhZ AmZX
Pmbm. Wmo a _hm`m M o nw `_aU Ho $ bo hUOo `m M o
AmerdmX Amn`mbm {_iVmV.
gmXm`m OodUmV lrIS> nwar hmoVr. ~o$arMo ~miH$U _hmamO
gmo~V hmoVoM. `m_wio am_H$U _hmamO Iyn AmZXmV hmoVo. OodU
Pm`mda WmoS>m doimZo, gdmZm AmerdmX XoD$Z ~miH$U _hmamO
{ZKyZ Jobo. _hmamOmZr Amn`mbm ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmZr {Xbo`m
dZ>mVm~b gdmZm gm{JVbo. `j ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOM,
~o$ar`m ~miH$U _hmamOmMo $nmZo nw`{VWr Cgdmbm hOa am{hbo,
hUyZ gdmZm AmZX Pmbm. naV Xwnmar WmoS>o Zm__aU H$$Z CgdmMr
gmJVm H$a`mV Ambr. nwT>o 3 df} lr. XrnH$ OwdoH$aZo, gmJbrbm
Amn`m Kar nw`{VWrMm Cgd gmOam Ho$bm. nwT>o ~aoM bmoH$ Cgdmbm
`m`bm bmJbo. Vo gd H$aUo `mbm O_oZm. _J lr. `nm _mitZr
gmJbrbm, Amnbo Kar ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMm nw`{VWr Cgd gmOam
H$a`mg gwadmV Ho$br. am_H$U _hmamO, O_ob `m doiog Cgdmbm
OmV. g`m gmJbr`m _R>mV Xa dfu ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMr nw`{VWr
gmOar Ho$br OmVo.
am_H$U _hmamO AmXw~abm Odi Odi gmV df} am{hbo. nydu
{e`, Jw$`m Aml_mV amhZ gmYZm H$arV. VmoM AZw^d AmXw~abm,
_hmamOm`m ghdmgmV ahmUm`m {e`mZm Ambm.

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 233

AmXw~a`m S>m. ZmS>H$Uv~amo~a

_hmamOmMr `mm

AmXw~a`m _wH$m_mV S>m. ZmS>H$Uver, _hmamOmMm MmJbm

n[aM` Pmbm. W_ AmOmanUmV AmfY Ko`mMo {Z{_mmZo. ZVa
Am`mp_H$ MMo}`m {Z{_mmZo. _hmamOm`m gw{e{jV nU gmYwVw`
AmMma {dMmam`m `{$_dmH$S>o, S>m. ZmS>H$Uu AmH${fV Pmbo ZgVo
Va ZdbM. hiyhiy _hmamOmMo Zm__aU Am{U amoH$S>m gmjmH$ma
m ~bMo {dMma S>m. ZmS>H$UvZm nQy> bmJbo. `dgm`mVbr gMmoQ>r,
Jmoa J[a~mZm \w$H$Q> AmfY XoUo m ~amo~aM Vo _hmamOm`m
_mJXeZm_mUo Zm__aU H$$ bmJbo. `mMHo $S>o H$ma hmoVr. Vo 810
{Xdg VrW`mobm OmUma hmoVo. `mZr am_H$U _hmamOmZm, Amn`m
~amo~a Mb`mMm AmJh Ho$bm. _Yo nm{U_mnU ZhVr. _hmamOmMr
`>rMr dmar MwH$Uma ZhVr. _hmamO `mMo ~amo~a {ZKmbo.
W_ Jm|Xdbo `oWo OmD$Z ~MV` dm_tMo XeZ KoVbo. VoWyZ
{ZKyZ H$mo`Zm `oWo Job.o {g H$mo`Zm S>_ ~{KVbm. {MniyUbm OmD$Z
Q>|~odm_r _R> ~{KVbm. VoWyZ aZm{Jar _mJ} nmdgbm Jobo. n.ny.
d$nmZX dm_t`m g_mYrMo XeZ KoVbo. VoWo EH$ {Xdg am{hbo.
VoWZy JUnVrnwio `oWo Job.o g_wZmZ H$$Z H$mR>mda`m, {g JUoe
_{XamV OmD$Z XeZ KoVbo. H$moH$UmV`m _mb}a S>m|JamV {ZgJa`
WmZr ^JdmZ eH$amMo _{Xa. VoWo OmD$Z XeZ KoVbo. dmQ>oV
{Mbo_hmamOmMm Aml_ bmJbm. Aml_mV OmD$Z XeZ KoVbo. VoWo
gmXmMo OodU {_imbo. H$mohmnyabm OmD$Z _hmb_r XodrMo XeZ
KoVbo. S>m. ZmS>H$Uv~amo~a Xodrbm A{^foH$ Ho$bm. hmVH$UJbo `oWo
OmD$Z eH$amMo XeZ KoVbo. _{XamV OmVmZm S>m|JamVrb JwhoVyZ Omdo
bmJVo. _Yo JwS>Km^a nmUr. nm`mVyZ OmVmZm mg H$m|S>`mgmaIm
234 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

hmoVmo. ~oiJmdbm h[aH$mH$m`m _R>mV Jobo. XeZ KoVbo. _moR>o g

dmVmdaU. S>m. ZmS>H$UvMm _Z_moH$im Am{U o_i d^md. `mm
N>mZ Pmbr. _hmamO naV AmXw~abm Ambo.
am_H$U _hmamO AmXw~ahZ `>rbm

B.g. 1991 OmZodmarMm gw_ma. `>rV am_H$U _hmamOmZm

ahm`mgmR>r, XmoZ Imo`m V`ma Pm`m hmo`m. Xa nm{U_obm _hmamO
`>rbm `oV. `mdoiog VoWoM ahmV. `>rV `oUmam ^VJU dmT>bm
hmoVm. nm{U_oZVa 45 {XdgmZr _hmamO `>rg naV OmV. nU
AmVm 1012 {Xdg `>rVM ahmdo bmJo. `>rVbo dmVmdaU nU
MmJbo hmoVo. ~aoMgo Wm{ZH$ bmoH$ _hmamOmZm _mZ XoV. H$ZmQ>H$mVbo
^VJU AmXw~abm `oD$ eH$V ZhVo Am{U AmXw~abm VodT>r `dWm
nU ZhVr. `moJ_{XamMo ~mYH$m_ H$aUo Amd`H$ hmoVo. gd ^Vm`m
{dZVr_wio, _hmamOmZr `m nwT>o, `>rbmM H$m`_ ahm`mMo R>a{dbo.
n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr nU {VM BN>m hmoVr. `>r`m d
H$hir`m ^VJUmZm Iyn AmZX Pmbm. XmoKoOU _hmamOm~amo~a
AmX~w abm Job.o Imobr [aH$m_r H$$Z, nyUmZX dm_t`m hdmbr Ho$br.
gm_mZ \$mago ZhVoM. _hmamOmZr nyUmZX dm_tMm {Zamon KoVbm.
`mMo Am^ma _mZbo. _hmamOmMo AmXw~aMo gmV dfmMo dmV`. Iyn
N>mZ hmoVo. _moOH$sM {e` _S>ir. na_mWmV H$`mU gmY`mgmR>r
`oUmar. `mZm `mo` _mJXeZ d Amnbr dV:Mr gmYZm. _Z_moH$im
EH$m V . gd gmo S y > Z OmVmZm _hmamOm Z m dmB Q > dmQ> b o .
^{$gmamMm nm`m aMbm Jobm hmoVm. AmVm B_maV ~mYm`Mr.
Vr `>rV amhZ g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m BN>o_mUo.
_hmamO `>rbm naVbo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 235

O`V ^S>J d h[a^mD$ Omoer `mZm

n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr oaUm

am_H$U _hmamO `>rV H$m`_Mo dmV`mg Ambo hUyZ,

AnmZm Iyn AmZX Pmbm. AmVm `mMo d` nU Pmbo hmoVo. Var
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo _{XamVbr {Z` CnmgZm Mmby hmoVr. am_H$U
_hmamO `>rV am{h`mZo, `mMm ^ma hbH$m Pmbm hmoVm. _hmamOmMo
{Z`{_V `>rVrb dmV`mZo, ^VmMm `>rbm `o`mMm AmoK
dmT>bm. `moJ _{XamMo H$m_ Mmby hmoVo. ^Vm`m XoUJrMm _hmamO
_wV hVo dmna H$arV hmoVo. `moJ _{Xa _hmamOmMo {ZdmgWmZm g_moa
Am{U Zaqghoa _hmamO g_mYr _{Xam`m _mJMo ~mOyg Amho.
^Vm`m XoUJrVyZ ^VmMrM gmo` hmoV hmoVr. Ambo`m
^VmMr nm`mMr, ahm`mMr d OodUmMr gmo` _hdmMr.
Amnbo noeZ nU _hmamO `mgmR>r dmnarV.
B.g. 1992 Mo gw_mamg lr. O`V ^S>J d lr. h[a^mD$ Omoer
{Z`Zo_m_mUo, `>rg gmYZogmR>r Ambo hmoVo. `moJ_{XamMo ~mYH$m_
AYdQ> AdWoV hmoVo. H$m_ Odi Odi ~XM hmoVo. am_H$U
_hmamOm~amo~a ~mobVmZm, g`m ngo Zg`mZo H$m_ ~X Ag`mMo
H$ibo. XmoKmZmhr AmV[aH$ BN>m H$er Cn Pmbr, Vo H$iboM
Zmhr. ~hVHo $ Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr oaUm Agmdr. Vo XmoKO
o U am_H$U
_hmamOmZm hUmbo, Amhr XmoKo nmM nmM hOma n`o ~mYH$m_mgmR>r
XoVmo. `moJ_{XamMo ~mYH$m_ gw$ H$am. Am_Mm nU ImarMm dmQ>m, m
bmoH$H$`mUmMo H$m_mgmR>r bmJy m. _hmamOmZm AmZX Pmbm nU
Vo hUmbo, Vwhr ggmar _mUgo. nMmV AS>MU gmogyZ EdT>o
ngo Xody ZH$m. lr. O`V ^S>J d lr. h[a^mD$ Omoer hUmbo,
Am_`m _ZmV H$mhrM ZhVo. nU n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr
236 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

oaUm. `m`m H$noZo Amhmbm H$mhrM H$_r nS>Uma Zmhr. `mZr

nemMr `dWm Ho$br. `moJ_{XamMo H$m_ nwT>o gw$ Pmbo.
nwT>o lr. h[a^mD$ Omoer `mZr, Xhm hOma n`o _hmamOmZm H$Omdy
{Xbo. Vo `>rV`m {dVma H$m_mgmR>r. `mVbo XrS> hOma n`o
_hmamOmZr naV Ho$bo. H$mhr mn{MH$ gJmZr h[a^mD$Zm {daVr
{Z_mU Pmbr. `mZr Cabobo ngo _hmamOmH$Sy>Z KoVbo ZmhrV. A`mM
^VJUm`m gmhm`mZo, Z H$iV MS> {dVma Pmbm. Vmo `>r`m
Aml_mMm. AmO ^` {X` Agm, g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamO
Am`m_ Aml_ Am{U MS> ZoXrnH$ Ago, Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMo g_mYr _{Xa, `>rV {X_mImZo C^o Amho. hOmamo
^VJU VoWo amhZ, ^Vr, CnmgZm Am{U gmYZm H$arV
na_mWmV Amnbr CVr gmYyZ KoV AmhoV.
JmoqdXamdmMr nMmhmamdr `>rV

B.g. 1993 gmbr lr. JmoqdXamd (Anm) `mZr d`mMr 75

df} nyU Ho$br. gnyU Am`w` H$>mV d nwT>o CnmgZoV. `moJ_{XamMo
H$m_ nyU Pmbo hmoVo. AmXe CnmgH$ hUyZ Anm `>rV {g
hmoVo. `mMr nMmhmamdr _moR>m WmQ>mV, `>rbm gmOar H$a`mMo
_hmamOmZr R>a{dbo. gd ZmVodmBH$mZm d ^VJUmZm Am_U {Xbo.
nm{U_o`m {_adUyH$sgmR>r ZdrZ nmbIr d Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m
MmXr`m nmXwH$m _hmamOmZr V`ma H$adyZ KoV`m. gd ZmVodmBH$ d
~aoMgo ^VJU `>rV O_bo. g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m
nmXwH$mda, AnmMo hVo m{^foH$ Pmbm. _J AnmMm gH$ma Ho$bm
Jobm. Vwbm^mamgmR>r, Vwbm N>mZ N>mZ \w$bmZr gOdbr hmoVr. EH$m
~mOybm Anm ~gbo. Xwg`m ~mOybm VodT>mM dOZmMr gmIa. JmoS>
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 237

OodUmMo AXmZ Pmbo. g_ma^ IynM N>mZ Pmbm. AnmZr ZdrZ

H$nS>o KmVbo hmoVo Am{U S>mo `mbm \o$Q>m ~mYbm hmoVm. d`mod
^VmMm
gH$ma ~KyZ gdmZm AmZX Pmbm. am_H$UmZr `>rV gw$ Ho$bobm
^{$_mJ ~KyZ gd ZmVodmBH$mZm Iyn Am` dmQ>bo. ~aoM ZmVodmBH$
W_M `>rbm Ambo hmoVo.
gXJw$`m AmXoemZo am`~mJ`m
hdmbXmamZm `>rV nm{U_obm Zm_

am`~mJMo lr. MH$mV hdmbXma, ho bhmZnUmnmgyZ g.g.

Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo ^V. H$ZmQ>H$ gaH$ma`m H${f Im`mV ZmoH$ar.
Vo Zoh_r `>rbm `oV. d^mdmZo EH$X_ ^moi,o nU H$m_gy. Aml_mVrb
gd H$m_o AmdS>rZo H$aVmV. ZmoH$arVyZ {Zdm Pm`mZVa, Vo Amnbm
OmVrV OmV doi Aml_mgmR>r XoVmV. g`m Am\$sgMo H$m_ ~KVmV.
^V_S>itZm Imo`m XoU,o AWU nmK$Z XoU.o nwVHo$, \$moQ>m,o _mimMr
{dH$s B. H$m_o gMmoQ>rZo, AJXr Z H$Q>miVm H$aVmV. B.g. 1988
gmbr, nm{U_o`m CgdmgmR>r Vo 56 {Xdg `>rV hmoVo. n.ny.
am_H$U _hmamO nU AmXw~ahZ `>rbm Ambo hmoVo. hdmbXmam`m
_ZmV, am_H$U _hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_ `mdo Ago Ambo. n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOM, am_H$U _hmamOm`m $nmZo AdVrU Pmbo AmhoV Agm
nH$m {dmg MH$mV hdmbXma `mZm hmoVm. gmh{OH$M Amnbr Zm_
Ko`mMr BN>m `mZr H$Q> Ho$br. nU am_H$U _hmamO H$mhr ~mobbo
ZmhrV. XmoZ {XdgmZr nm{U_m hmoVr. gYr ~KyZ, Vo XmoZ VrZ doiog
am_H$U _hmamOmZm ~mobbo. nU _hmamO VYM hmoVo. hdmbXmamZm
Iyn dmBQ> dmQ>bo. XodimV OmD$Z Vo Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m g_moa
{IVoZo ~gbo. Xwg`m {XderM nm{U_m hmoVr. Vmo n`V am_H$U
238 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hmamO gagH$Q> gJ`mZm Zm_ XoV ZgV. ^VmMr nmaI H$$ZM Vo

Zm_ XoV. ZwgVoM Zm_ KoVbo Am{U nwT>o Zm__aU Ho$bo Zmhr, Va Vo
Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm AmdS>Uma Zmhr Aer ^mdZm.
nm{U_b
o m nhmQ>M
o , Zoh_r _mUo am_H$U _hmamO `mZmbm ~gbo
hmoVo. AMmZH$ Zaqghoa _hmamO g_moa Ambo. Moham WmoS>m
amJmd`mgmaIm dmQ>V hmoVm. hUmbo, am_H$Um Vmo hdmbXma
gm ^V Amho. H$YrMm Vw`m _mJo bmJbm Amho. Zm_ m
hUyZ. Vw`m _ZmV Zm_YmaH$m~b Agbobr ^rVr `mo`M
Amho. nU `m nwT>o nm{U_obm `>rbm `oD$Z, Oo Oo ^V Zm_
_mJVrb, `mZm Hw$R>bmhr {dMma Z H$aVm Zm_ Xo. `mMr gd
O~m~Xmar _mPr. Vy `mMr nwT>Mr qMVm _m`mda gmond. _r
Vwbm Zm_ Xo`mMm A{YH$ma XoV Amho. am_H$U _hmamOmZm Am`
dmQ>bo. gXJw$ Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo, gy_ XohmZo `>rV dmV`
Amho. m~b Imr nQ>br.
H$mH$S> AmaVrMr KQ>m Pmbr. _hmamO bJ~JrZo XodimV Jobo.
hdmbXma gVa`m Q>mH$`mMo H$m_ H$arVM hmoVo. _hmamOmZr `mZm
Odi ~mobmdbo. hUmbo, AmaVr Pm`mda Xhm {_ZrQ>mZ r, Vy _{Xam`m
Jm^m`mV `o. _r Vwbm Zm_ XoUma Amho. hdmbXmamMm AmZX JJZmV
_mdoZmgm Pmbm. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr Amnbr mWZm EoH$br. H$mH$S>
AmaVrbm gwadmV Pmbr. hdmbXma VrZ Pmbo. H$mH$S> AmaVr
gn`mZVa, hdmbXma _{Xam`m Jm^m`mV Jobo. n.ny. am_H$U
_hmamO VoWoM hmoVo. `mZr hdmbXmamZm, g_mYr`m nmR>r_mJ`m
~mOyg ~gdyZ [aVga Zm_ {Xbo. AmOhr Vmo gJ AmR>dbm H$s,
hdmbXmamZm Jhrd$Z `oV.o VohmnmgyZ am_H$U _hmamOmZr, nm{U_b
o m
`>rV, Omo _mJob `mbm Zm_ Xo`mg gwdmV Ho$br. gXJw $ Mr AmkmM
Ver hmoVr. `m_wiM
o ^Vrgma hmoD$Z, lrjo `>rMr H$sVu H$ZmQ>H$
d _hmam> am`mV Xyada nmoMbr.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 239

am_H$U _hmamOmMm `>rV amhZ

^Vrgma

B.g. 1991 nmgyZ am_H$U _hmamO H$m`_ `>rV amh bmJbo.

Xa nm{U_obm hmoUmam Cgd, AmVm _moR>m _mUmV gmOam hmoD$
bmJbm. ~aoM H$ZmQ>H$ Am{U _hmam>mVrb ^VJU, {Z`_mZo
nm{U_ogmR>r `>rV `oD$ bmJbo. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo H$nm
AmerdmX Am{U am_H$U _hmamOmMm `j ghdmg Am{U _mJXeZ.
Xmohr Jmo>tMm bm^ ^VJUm`m AZm`mgo nXamV nSy> bmJbm. ~`mM
^VJUmZm `>r ho Amnbo _mhoaKaM dmQy> bmJbo. ghn[adma Vo
`>rV 45 {Xdg amhZ _mhoa`m _m`oMr D$~ gmR>dyZ KoVmV.
na_m{WH$ AmZXmV Sw>~VmV d naV nMmbm Y`mZo Vm|S> Xo`mg {g
hmoVmV.
mn{MH$ AS>MUr KoD$Z `oUm`m ^VmMo _mU Iyn OmV.
am_H$U _hmamOmZm gy_ XohmMo Abm{H$H$ kmZ. ^VmMr g_`m
EoH$y Z, Vo _Z EH$mJ H$$Z `mZmg ~gVmV. g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo
H$noZo `mMm gy_mV doe hmoD$Z, g_moa`m _mUgm`m g_`oMo _yi
OmUyZ KoVmV. ~`mM doim nydOmMr ^yVo H$mhr H$maUmZo, `mZm mg
XoV AgVmV. `mMo {ZdmaU H$a`mgmR>r, n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m
nmXwH$mZm {d{Y`wV A{^foH$ d nyOm Ho$br OmVo. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m
H$noZo ^Vm`m g_`oMo {ZdmaU hmoV.o Vmo ^Vr_mJmbm bmJyZ am_H$U
_hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_ KoVmo. Zm__aUmZo `m`m Am`w`mMo H$`mU hmoV.o
_hmamO ~`mM doim, ^yV`moZrV Jobo `m nydO
mMo Zmd AMyH$ gmJVmV.
VgoM `mMo dUZ H$aVmV. Vo ^yV _hmamOmZm `j g_moa {XgVo.
Amnbo Zmd Va gmJVoM nU H$`m_wio AmnU `m _mUgmbm mg
XoVmo, Vo nU gmJVmV. gd H$mhr gXJw$Mr H$nm. H$Yr H$Yr `m
240 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

^yV`moZrVrb AV Am`mbm Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m H$noZo _wVrnU

{_iVo. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO gy_ XohmZo H$m` H$arV AmhoV hoM
Iao.
ggm[aH$ _mUyg ghOm ghOr Am`m_mbm bmJV Zmhr.
nMmV Xw:Ir Pm`mdaM, Vmo gmYw gVm`m Aml`mbm OmVmo.
Xw:I {ZdmaU Pm`mda, `mMm Xodmda, Jw$da {dmg ~gVmo.
~mMm _w_wjw hmoVmo. Zm__aUmZo _w_wjwMm gmYH$. _J
gXJw$`m H$nm AmerdmXmZo, `mMo _mJXeZm_mUo gmYZ
Ho$`mda {g hmoVmo. nU Vmo EImXmM. gXJw$Mr nanam nwT>o
MmbdyZ ^{$_mJ dmT>dVmo. OJV H$`mUmgmR>r hrM BamMr
`moOZm Amho. _mJ Hw$R>bmhr Agmo. aVo doJdoJio AgVmV. nU
gm` _m EH$M AgVo. gJio Am_kmZr gXJw $, EH$mM {ZJwU

{ZamH$ma na_m_ Vdmer EH$$n Pmbobo AgVmV. Vo H$Yrhr

EH$_oH$mMm of H$arV ZmhrV. gJio dmaH$ar nWmMo bmoH$ _J Vo
Hw$R>`mhr nmVirda AgmoV. W_ ^oQ>rV EH$_oH$m`m nm`mbm
hmV bmdyZ dXZ H$aVmV. gdm^yVr na_oa, {hM ^mdZm `mV
AgVo. gVmMr {eH$dU Iyn CH$moQ>rMr AgVo. nU Vr
g_OmdyZ KoD$Z AmMaUmV AmU`mg AmnUM H$_r nS>Vmo.
AgoM gy_ XohmMo kmZ gXJw$ H$noZo, lr. dm{XamO _hmamOmZm
hmoVo d AmVm H$mhr _mUmV lr. qZJamO _hmamO `mZm Amho. `m
XmoKmMohr am_H$U _hmamOmZm, ^{$gmamV Iyn _moR>o gmhm` Pmbo
Amho. Amhr H$mhr {ZdS>H$ gmYH$ am_H$U _hmamOmZm
hUmbmo, Vwhr ^Vm`m ggmamVrb AS>MUr {ZdmaU
H$a`mgmR>r, EdT>m mg H$m KoVm? `oWo \$V na_m{WH$
_mJXeZM H$am. n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO hUmbo, Ago Pmbo
Va, Vw_`m~amo~a \$V 1012 gmYH$M `>rV {XgVrb.
`mZm Am`m_mMo __ H$ibo Amho Ago. nU BVa Ag`
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 241

AkmZr OZm M o H$m`? `m Z m hiy h iy ^{$_mJm H $S> o

di{d`mgmR>r ho Amd`H$ Amho. Ver _bm Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMr AmkmM Amho. bmImo mn{MH$ ~ bmoH$mVyZ,
hOmaM _w_wjw {ZKVmV. na_mW H$m` Amho? ho OmU`mMr BN>m
`mMo _ZmV {Z_mU hmoVo. mn{MH$ AS>MUtMo {ZdmaU
H$a`mgmR>r, Vo gmYwgVmMm Aml` KoVmV. `mVrb 900 bmoH$
Amnbo H$m_ Pmbo hUOo gVmZm nyU {dg$Z OmVmV. nU
{ZXmZ 100 bmoH$ Var gVmH$S>o AmH${fV hmoD$Z, naV naV `mMo
XeZmbm `oVmV. gXJw$H$Sy>Z Zm_ KoD$Z Zm__aU H$aVmV.
na_mWm`m dmQ>oZo Mmbm`bm bmJVmV. `mVbo XhmM bmoH$,
gXJw $ `m _mJXeZm_mUo nwT>rb gmYZ ZoQ>mZo H$aVmV. `mVbm
EImXmM {g hmoVmo. Jw$nanam MmbdVmo. ho nM na_mWmMo
ahmQ>JmS>Jo Mmby ahmdo hUyZ, Am_kmZr gmYwgV Z H$Q>miVm
^{$_mJmMm aW AmoT>V ahmVmV.
n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo VgoM Amho. _mJob `mbm, nm{U_obm
`>rV Zm_. V`ma Pmbo`m _w_wjwZm Zm__aUmMm, `mZmMm o_i
AmJh. dMZmmao Am`m_mMo __ g_OmdyZ gmJUo. `mVyZ V`ma
Pmbo`m gmYH$mZm, AZw>mZm mao ew Am`m`mMo Am{U `moJ
{H$`mmao Hw$S>{bZr OmJVrMo gnyU _mJXeZ. gmYH$mbm EH$Xm H$m
ew na_mWmMr MQ>H$ bmJbr, H$s Vmo _wJ`m gmaIm {MH$Q>Vmo.
_hmamOm`m _mJXeZm_mUo nwT>o nwT>o OmV, AVa_ZmV`m AVt{`
{dmV `mMm doe hmoVmo. _J nwT>Mo gmYZ hUOo, {dZmH$> AmZXr
AmZXM. gnyU `>r n[agamV, n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m na_
n{d A`m, H$nmAmerdmXmMo db`. emew _mJmZo `>rV
gmYZ Ho$`mda, ^VmZm C XOmMo AZw^d `oVmV. \$V
gmYH$mZo Amnbm A_y` doi dm`m Z KmbdVm, `>rV gmYZ
Ho$bo nm{hOo.
242 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

g. g. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr `>r `oWrb

g_mYr _{XamVrb VoO:nwO _yVu

`>r `oWrb g_mYr _{XamV

g. g. am_H$U _hmamOmMo Xmg~moYmda {ZnU

^VmMo _mhoa lrjo `>r

H$ZmQ>H$ mVmV {dOmnya {Ohm. {dOmnya {OmV O_IS>r

VmbwH$m. O_IS>r Vmbw`mVbo N>moQ>ogo Jmd `>r. Oo_Vo_ nmM hOma
bmoH$dVrMo {R>H$mU. nU AmO Vr nT>anya hUyZ lrjo `>rMo
Zmd M{bV Amho. Vo g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo g_mYr _{Xam_wio.
_moR>o Omd` {R>H$mU. H$ZmQ>H$ d _hmam>mVrb ^VmMo
_mhoaKa. Va na_m{WH$ CVr gmYyZ KoUm`m gmYH$mMo Vn`}Mo
WmZ. Amn`m gXJw$`m AmkoZo, ^Vr gmamgmR>r `>rV
R>mU _mS>yZ ~gbobo n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO. Am_kmZr gXJw $.
F${fVw` `{$_d. gm_m` _mUgm`m ^VragmMr VUm
^mJ{dUmao. gmYH$mZm ^{$`moJmZo na_mWmV CVr gmYyZ XoUmao.
AmnUm gJ`mMo g_mYmZ H$a`mg, `>rV Amnbr dmQ>
nhmV AmhoV.
O_IS>r ~g`m _mJmZo, g~Y H$ZmQ>H$ am`mg OmoS>bobo Amho.
_hmam>mVrb H$mohmnya, gmobmnya, {_aO, gmJbr m ehamVyZ, WoQ>
a`mZo `>rg `oVm `oVo. gmJbr {_aOhZ 75 {H$._r. AVamda
~Zh>r`m nwT>o `>r. Va `>rhZ `mM _mJmda 15 {H$._r. nwT>o
O_IS>r. gmJbr-{_aO Vo O_IS>r Xa A`m VmgmZo ~g godm. `>r
~g Q>mn nmgyZ XmoZ \$bmJ AVamda`m Q>oH$S>rda, n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMo g_mYr _{Xa d bmJyZM Am`m_ Aml_. VoWoM n.ny.
am_H$U _hmamOmMo {ZdmgWmZ.
_oZ amoS> nmgyZ ~Zh>r`m {XeoZo MmbV Jo`mda, S>m`m ~mOyZo
Q>oH$S>rda OmUmam S>m~ar aVm. Q>oH$S>r MTy>Z OmVmM _moR>o doema.
g_moaM g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo ^` g_mYr _{Xa. gnyU XJS>r
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 243

~mYH$m_. _{Xamg_moa nQ>mJU. CO`m ~mOybm nmM hOma _mUgo

~gVrb, Agm AmonZ hmb. da Ag~ogQ>mg n`mMo N>V. ^` Ago
`mgnrR>. dMZmgmR>r. `m`m _mJ`m ~mOyg eV d`nmH$Ka.
CgdmV Xhm hOma _mUgm`m d`nmH$mMr `dWm. hmb_Yo dMZ.
ZVa _hmgmXmMo OodU. gd H$mhr ^` Am{U {X`. nm`m`m
_moR>_moR>m Q>m`m. `mbm nmUr {n`mgmR>r bmdbobo Ag` Zi.
gmS>nmUr dmhZ Om`mMr `dWm.
_moRR>m ZjrXma bmH$S>r doemamVyZ Mma nm``m da MTy>Z,
_w` g_mYr _{XamV doe H$amdm bmJVmo. XJS>r Im~mMo da n`mMr
eoS> Agbobo ^` g^mJh. nmMeo ^VJU ~gy eH$Vrb EdT>o _moR>o.
naV Mma nm``m da MTy>Z, N>moQ>ogo g^mJh. _Ymo_Y Mma \y$Q> CMrMo
bmH$S>r Xma. Q>rbMo JO Agbobo. AmV Jm^mam. `mV Agbobo
n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo, na_ n{d Ago g_mYr _Xra. VrZ
\y$Q> CMrMo, nmT>`m gJ_adar XJS>mMo dX mdZ. AmV _hmamOmMm
ApWH$be R>do bobm. dX mdZmMo da nmgZmV ~gbobr, ^oXH$
ZOaoMr, nU hg`m Moh`mMr, g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr
gwXa _yVu. H$m`m MH$MH$sV nmfmUmMr. ^VmZm A^`
XoUmar. gmYH$mZm C_Z AdWoV ZoUmar. dXmdZm`m g_moa
_hmamOm`m nmXwH$m. nmXwH$mMo AmVbo ~mOyg, dXmdZmbm Q>oHy$Z g.g.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm N>mZ \$moQ>mo. ~mOybm XmoZ Vobm`m _moR>m g_`m.
_X H$mem`m. _yVug_moa `mZ H$aVmZm, gmYH$ d ^VJU VrZ
hmoD$Z OmVmV. dJmV Am`mgmaIm ^mg hmoVmo. ^` CMM CM Agm
_{XamdaMm H$ig. `mda Mmahr ~mOyZo ~gdbo`m, gmYwgV Am{U
Xod XodVm`m _yVu. ^VJUmMo bj doYyZ KoVmV. _{XamV d H$igmda
Ho$bobr, {dOo`m {X`mMr amofUmB. gJioM H$mhr _Z bmo^dUmao.
_{Xam`m CO`m ~mOybm, lr. _nm _hmamOmMo {ZdmgWmZ>.
~meu`m ^VJUmgmR>r ahm`m`m Imo`m. `m`m ~mOwbmM d.
244 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

AnmMr Imobr. ~mOybmM d`nmH$Ka. _{Xam`m WmoS>o _mJ`m ~mOyg

Jo`mda, ^` Agm ""g_W gXJw$ Zaqghoa _hmamO Am`m_
Aml_.'' Q>oH$S>r`m AJXr _mJ`m ~mOyn`V. VoWyZ ImbMo ~mOyZo
dhmUmar nmnZm{eZr ZXr {XgVo. nwT>o N>moQ>ogo YaU Ag`mZo, df^a
nm`mZo ^abobr. Am`m_ Aml_mMm gd n[aga Zmai, Am~m, {MHy$,
{gVm\$i, am_\$i B. PmS>mZr d doJdoJ`m aJrV \w$bPmS>mZr ^aJ
^abobm. doemamV {ea`mda, S>m`m ~mOybm `moJ_{XamMr dmVy.
AmV d`nmH$Ka, ^moOZJh, ^bo _moR>o XmoZ hmb. n.ny. ^mD$gmho~
_hmamO, n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO d d$n gXm`mV`m BVa gVmMr
^br _moR>r N>m`m{Mo. hmb_Yo nyOm d am_H$U _hmamOmMo dMZ
hmoVo. Xwg`m hmbMo Imb`m ~mOyg, ViKamV, gwXa Ago `mZ_{Xa.
n{d Am{U emV dmVmdaU. gmYH$OZ `mMm bm^ KoVmV. `>r`m
Aml_mV, _{XamV, Hw$R>ohr ~gbo Var `mZ bmJVo.
Am`m_ Aml_m`m CO`m ~mOybm Am\$sg d ^br_moR>r
nm`mMr Q>mH$s. Q>oH$S>rdaM ~moAatJ Ho$bobo. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m
H$noZo, A_mn Am{U _Ywa nmUr. hOmamo ^VmZm {n`mgmR>r d
dmna`mgmR>r. ^a Chm`mV nU nm`mMr H$_VaVm ^mgV Zmhr.
{XdgmVyZ Xhm Vmg bmoS> eoS>tJ. nU am_H$U _hmamOmZr, ^VmgmR>r
OZaoQ>aMr gmo` Ho$bobr Amho. doe mamMo g_moaM, ^br _moR>r _moH$ir
OmJm. `m`m _mJMo ~mOyg ^Vm`m {ZdmgWmZmMr B_maV. Imbr
XmoZ _moR>o hmb d da Xhm Imo`m. hmb_Yo bmH$aMr `dWm Ho$bobr
Amho. `mbm bmJyZM CO`m ~mOybm, n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo VrZ
Imo`mMo {ZdmgWmZ. AmV`m ~mOygM _hmamOmgmR>r ~mW$_ d
Q>m`boQ>Mr `dWm. _moR>m Imobr`m _`^mJr, n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMm ^bm _moR>m gwXa \$moQ>mo. _hmamO `mM ImobrV PmonVmV.
_hmamOmMr nhmQ>oMr gmYZm VoWoM MmbVo. VgoM ZdrZ ^VmZm `mM
ImobrV, Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m gmjrZo Zm_ XoVmV. _hmamOm`m
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 245

{ZdmgWmZmMo da`m ~mOybm, Zoh_r ahmUm`m gmYH$mgmR>r Imo`m.

{ZdmgWmZm`m doemamerM, ^bm _moR>m {g_|Q> H$mH$sQ>Mm H$>m
~mYbobm. g_moa AJU. ^VJU AJUmV ~gyZ AgVmV. _hmamOmZr
~mobmd`mda Vo AmV OmVmV. H$Yr H$Yr g`mH$miMo doiog, _hmamO
H$QQ>mda ~gyZ ^VmZm _mJXeZ H$aVmV. `>rbm Q>oH$S>rda
dhmUmam, WS>Jma Agm dmam. g`mH$miMr doi. ^Vm`m am_H$U
_hmamOm~amo~a Mmbbo`m Am`m_rH$ Jnm-Jmo>r. nydu`m
H$mi`m F${f _wZt`m Aml_mMr AmR>dU hmoV.o Amhr `>rbm
Jo`mda, W_ `m WS>Jma doJmZo dhmUm`m dm`wMo meZ
H$aVmo. `m_wio dmgmMm erU Va {ZKyZ OmVmoM. nU nMmVbr
gwIXw:Iohr {dg$Z OmVmo.
am_H$U _hmamOmMo {ZdmgWmZmMo _mJMo ~mOyg, Xw_Obr
AZw>mZ _{Xa Amho. Imbr H$moR>rKa d n{h`m _O`mda MS> _mo>m
hmb. EH$m doiog XmoZeo _mUgo ghO ~gVrb EdT>m. _hmamO VoWoM
AZw>mZmMo dJ KoVmV. `m`m _mJ`m ~mOyg, gmYH$mZm EH$mVmV
gmYZm H$a`mgmR>r, AJXr bhmZ bhmZ Imo`m. \$V AmR> ~m`
nmM`m. EH$mM _mUgmbm ~gVm-CR>Vm `oBb EdT>m. bhmZgm
XadmOm. Imobr`m AmV Jo`mda, EImm S>m|JamVrb JwhoMr AmR>dU
hmooBb. AJXr EH$m ~mOybm Ag`mZo, A{O~mV AmdmO Zmhr. nyU
EH$mV. H$mhr gmYH$ `m Imo`mMm gmYZogmR>r Cn`moJ H$aVmV.
Aml_m`m AJXr eodQ>r Q>m`boQ>g. nwf d {`mMr doJir `dWm.
doemam`m CO`m ~mOyg Agbo`m, Q>mH$s`m ~mOyZo ~mW$_g.
~m`ba bmdyZ Ja_ nm`mMr `dWm. Mhm, ZmVm, OodUmMr gmo`.
gd H$mhr {Z:ewH$. ^VJU AmnAmn`m narZo Aml_mbm XoUJr
XoVmV. `mVyZM ho gd H$mhr C^o am{hbo Amho. \$V ^VmZr CnmgZm
d gmYH$mZr gmYZm Ho$br nm{hOo. ho gd dmMyZ Vwhmbm, ^Vm`m
_mhoa KamMr H$nZm `oBbM.
246 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

g. g. Zaqghoa _hmamO Am`m_ Aml_/

`moJ_{XamMm XeZr ^mJ, lrjo `>r

^$m`m _oim`mV n. ny. am_H$U _hmamO, H$bKQ>Jr

`>rVbo _w` Cgd

1) n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm O_, H$m{VH$ ew. 14, eHo$

1803. dma e{Zdma, {X. 5 Zmoh|~a 1881 gmbr Pmbm. Xadfu
H$m{VH$ ew. MVwXer d nm{U_obm n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm
O_mogd, Iyn _moR>m _mUmV gmOam hmoVmo. `m {Xder dHw$R>
MVwXeu. XmoZ {Xdg ^aJ H$m`H$_ AgVmV. H$mH$S> AmaVr, ^OZ,
nyOZ, Xmg~moY dmMZ, dMZo, eoOmaVr B. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr
nmbIrVyZ {_adUyH$ H$mT>br OmVo. nm{U_obm Xwnmar _hmgmX. Mma
nmM hOmam`m da ^VJU `>rV O_m hmoVmo.
2) Xa dfu lmdUmV _{hZm^a, gmYZ gmh `>rV gmOam
Ho$bm OmVmo. _{XamVbr {Z` CnmgZm. `mM~amo~a Xmg~moY JW amOmMo
gnyU nmam`U. `mda gV _S>itMr amoOMr dMZo. Agm gmYZgmh
^VmZm, gmYH$mZm ~aoM H$mhr XoD$Z OmVmo. ~aoMgo ^VJU _{hZm^a
`>rV amhZ gmYZ gmhmMm bm^ KoVmV d `mM~amo~a Amnbr
d`{$H$ CnmgZm d gmYZm nU H$aVmV. _{XamMo ^{$_` dmVmdaUmV
d n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOm`m gm{`mV, _{hZm H$gm {ZKyZ OmVmo Vo
H$iVM Zmhr. lmdU _{h`mV EH$Xm gmYH$mgmR>r, gmV {XdgmMm
AZw>mZ dJ am_H$U _hmamO KoVmV. `mMr gnyU _m{hVr nwT>o `oBbM.
H$mhr ^VJU nMmVyZ, ZmoH$ar YmVyZ doi H$mTy>Z, lmdUmV H$mhr
{Xdg Var Amnbr hOoar bmdVmV.
3) n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO dHw$R>dmgr Pmbo. Vmo {Xdg lmdU
ew nm{U_m, eHo$ 1869, dma ewH$dma, 1 AmJQ> 1947. n.ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm nw`{VWr Cgd hm `>rMm _wI Cgd.
lmdUmV gmYZ gmh. `mVM hm Cgd. ^VJUm`m AmZXmbm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 247

~ha `oVmo. nm{U_o`m AmX`m {XdgmnmgyZ Cgdmbm gwadmV hmoVo.

XmoZ {Xdg AmYrnmgyZM, ~mhoa JmdMo ^VJU _wH$m_mbm `oVmV.
`mV gmYZ gmhmgmR>r _{hZm^a am{hbobo ^VJU. Ag`
^VJUm`m CnpWVr_wio _{XamV`m {Z` CnmgZobm H$mhr
doJirM _Om `oV.o Odi Odi Xhm Vo ~mam hOma bmoH$ O_VmV.
H$mH$S> AmaVr nmgyZ amr`m ~mam A^Jmn`V, Ag`
^VJUm`m _moRR>m nU {eV~ b`rV hQ>bo`m,
^OZm`m d AmaVr`m AmdmOmZo Amg_V Xw_Xw_yZ OmVmo.
^{$_` dmVmdaUmV AmpVH$mMo H$m`! nU ZmpVH$mMo hr _Z
g hmoD$Z OmVo. AmX`m {Xder gH$minmgyZ Vo Xwg`m {Xder
g_mr n`V, drUmdmXZ Mmby AgVo. drUoH$ar ~XbVmV, nU drUm
Imbr R>odbr OmV Zmhr. AmX`m {Xder amr n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMr nmbIr, JmdmVrb {_adUwH$sgmR>r _{XamMo ~mhoa nS>Vo.
hOmamo bmoH$ nmbIr`m _mJo-nwT>o AgVmV. {X`mMr amoeUmB Ho$bobr
AgVo. {_adUwH$s`m nwT>`m ~mOyg ~S> d \$Q>m`mMr AIS>
AmVf~mOr. doJdoJ`m H$maMo, doJdoJ`m aJmM,o AmH$memV CS>Umao
\$Q>mHo$ ~KyZ _Z hadyZ OmVo. EdT>m`m IoS>oJmdmV EdT>o gmao \$Q>mHo$
Ambo Hw$Ry>Z? hm Z _ZmV Am`mdmMyZ ahmV Zmhr. ehamV nU,
\$Q>m`mMr EdT>r AmVrf~mOr nhm`mg {_iV Zmhr.
hmdoar _R>, Hw$Sw> _R>, ~meu_R>, ZmdaUr _R>, IdQ>H$mon _R>,
OJXmi _R> B. {R>H$mU`m, Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m nmb`m _w`
{_adUyH$sV gm_rb hmoVmV. nmbIrMo nmR>r_mJyZ n.ny. am_H$U
_hmamO, ~mhoa JmdmhZ Ambobr gV_Si>r, gmYH$ _S>ir, Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMm O`O`H$ma H$arV AgVmV. Cgd Am{U ^VrMo, _moR>o
Z`Za` ` nhmVmZm, ^VJUm`m {Mmdmr \w${V hmoVmV. JmdmV
OmJmoOmJr nmbIrMo dmJV Ho$bo OmVo, Vo KmJa^a nmUr nmbIrMo
g_moa gS>mgmaIo Q>mHy$Z. ZVa {ZamOZmZo, H$mnwamZo AmodmiyZ AmaVr.
248 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_JM nmbIr nwT>o OmVo. gnyU JmdmVyZ {_adyZ, nmbIr naV _{XamV
`oVo. am^a OmJaU, ^OZ, ^{$JrVmMm H$m`H$_ hmoVmo.
Xwg`m {Xder nhmQ>oM H$mH$S> AmaVr, nyOm AMm. AH$am dmOVm
XwnmaMo ^OZ hmoD$Z g_mYrda \w$bo nS>VmV. ~mhoa`m hmb_Yo {d{dY
gV_S>itMr dMZo hmoVmV. am_H$U _hmamO dMZmmao ~moYZ
H$aVmV. _J _hmgmX hmoD$Z nw`{VWr CgdmMr gmJVm hmoVo. Xmohr
{Xdg Ambo`m gd ^VmZm Mhm, ZmVm, ^moOZ gd H$mhr {Z:ewH$
{Xbo OmVo. _moR>m _mUmV AXmZ hmoVo.
4) Xa _{h`mMo nm{U_og gnyU {Xdg CnmgZm, Xmg~moY dmMZ,
dMZo. _J _hmgmX. Agm ^aJ H$m`H$_ AgVmo. ~aoMeo
^VJU, nT>ar`m dmar gmaIo Xa nm{U_obm `>rbm `oVmV. am_H$U
_hmamOmMo ^{$gmamgmR>r gnUy H$ZmQ>H$mV d _hmam>m`m H$mhr ^mJmV
Xmao hmoVmV. nU Hw$R>ho r Agbo Var Z MwH$Vm, nm{U_b
o m `>rbm `oVmV.
AmO am_H$U _hmamOmMo d` 79 df} Amho. nU EImm VUmbm
bmOdob Agm Cgmh. gXJw$`m Amko_mUo ^Vr gmamMo H$m_
A{daV Mmby Amho. gdOU EH$mM emioV {eHy$ eH$V ZmhrV.
Am`m_mMohr VgoM Amho. lrjo `>r hr EH$ Am`m_mMr
C H$mo Q > r Mr emim H$m`? H$m b o O M Amho . Amnmn`m
^m`m_mUo _w_j
w w `mo` emioV OmD$Z nmohmoMVmo. A`mg H$aVmo
Am{U Amnbr CVr gmYyZ KoVmo.
am_H$U _hmamOmMo ^{$gmamVbo
AZw^d

1) H$hirV nmdgmgmR>r AZw>mZ - n.ny. am_H$U

_hmamOmda d$UXod g AmhoV. ho ~`mM gJmd$Z {XgyZ `oVo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 249

B.g. 1982 `m lmdU _{h`mV, H$hir`m `H$Q>oe _{XamV,

am_H$U _hmamOmZr nmdgmgmR>r Ho$bobo AZw>mZ Am{U `m_wio nS>bb
o m
^anya nmD$g. m gJmMo gnyU dUZ mnyduM Ambobo Amho.
2) ~Xm_rV ~Ze H $ar Xo d rMm > m V d _hmamOm Z m
~mobmdUo- B.g. 1991 gmbMm gJ. am_H$U _hmamOmMo EH$
{e` lr. qZJamO hZw_Vam` IZwa. ~r.H$m_. hmoD$Z 1984 gmbr,
H$ZmQ>H$ gaH$ma`m eoVH$s Im`mV ZmoH$arg bmJbobo. `mMr ~Xbr
~Xm_r `oWo Pmbr hmoVr. `mZr AmJhmZo am_H$U _hmamOmZm ~Xm_rbm
~mobmdbo. `m_mUo am_H$U _hmamO EH$ {Xdg g`mH$mir ~Xm_rbm
Jobo. VoWo _wH$m_mbm lr. qZJamO `mMoH$S>o hmoVo. ~amo~a lr. dm{XamO,
O_IS>rMo lr. ZmZm Omoer d H$hirMo lr. _hmXod Om_Uda hmoVo.
lr.qZJamO `m Jmdr ~XbyZ OmV, VoWo _hmamOmMm ^{$gma H$arV.
VrZ {Xdg, ~Xm_rVrb ^VmH$S>o nyOm-CnmgZoV Jobo. Mm`m {Xder
~Xm_r`m lr. amKd| XoenmS>o `mMoH$S>o _wH$m_ hmoVm. ~Xm_r
JmdmnmgyZ 5 {H$._r. AVamda, ~ZeH$ar XodrMo XoD$i Amho. Iyn
OmJV WmZ. H$ZmQ>H$mV ~`mM bmoH$mMr Hw$bdm_rZr. am_H$U
_hmamO `mZmbm ~gbo hmoVo. `mZm_Yo XodrMo XeZ Pmbo.
_hmamOmZr AmoiIbo Zmhr. Xodr hUmbr, _r ~ZeH$ar Xodr.
AmO Mma {Xdg Pmbo. Vy ~Xm_rbm Ambmg. _bm {dg$Z
Jobmg. Vy _m`m XeZmbm `oVmog, {H$, _r `oD$. _hmamO JS>~Sy>Z
Jobo. `mZr Xodrbm Xmohr hmV OmoSy>Z Z_H$ma Ho$bm. hUmbo,
AmB _bm j_m H$a. _r {dg$Z Jobmo. bJoMM Vw`m XeZmbm
`oVmo. `mZmVbm gJ `mZr qZJamO d BVamZm gm{JVbm. gdmZm
Iyn Am` dmQ>bo. lr. qZJamO IOrb Pmbo. hUmbo, _hmamO _r
W_M Vwhmbm, Xodr`m XeZmbm `m`bm nm{hOo hmoVo.
gdmZr AmKmoir AmQ>mon`m. EH$m ^VmH$S>o nyOm hmoVr. nyOm
H$$Z _J XodrMo XeZmbm OmD$, Ago R>abo. nU ~ZeH$ar Xodrbm Vo
250 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_m` ZhVo. VodT>mV EH$OU {Zamon KoD$Z Ambm. H$mhr AS>MUr_wio

AmOMr nyOm H$gb Pmbr hmoVr. _hmamOmZm Am` dmQ>bo. Xodr`m
_ZmV Amho Var H$m`? AmVm_m bJoMM XeZmbm Om`bm nm{hOo.
am_H$U _hmamO d BVa nmMOU Q>mJm H$$Z ~ZeH$ar XodrMo _{XamV
Jobo. nyOoMo gm{h` ~mOy`m XwH$mZmVyZ {dH$V KoVbo. WmoS>r amJ hmoVr.
Ow`m XJS>r ~mYH$m_mMo gwXa _{Xa. ^bo _moR>o Amdma. ~mOybm Am\$sg
d nwOm`mgmR>r ~mYbo`m Imo`m. amJoV C^o amhZ _hmamO
Xodim`m Jm^m`mV nmohmoMbo. XodrMr ^mdnyU, gwXa _yVu.
_hmamOmZr S>moHo$ Q>oH$dyZ XeZ KoVbo. da nm{hbo Va Xodr
_hmamOmH$S>o ~KyZ hgV hmoVr. `mZmV {Xgbo, VgoM XodrMo
$n hmoVo. nyOoMo gm{h` Xodrbm AnU Ho$bo. X{jUm R>odbr. ^mdnyU
_ZmZo naV EH$Xm XeZ KoVbo. _hmamO BVa nmMOUmgh Xodim`m
~mhoa Ambo.
XodimMm nwOmar ~mU hmoVm. Xodim`m ~mhoa _hmamOmMr dmQ>
nhmV C^m hmoVm. _hmamOmZm nhmVmM nwT>o Ambm. hUmbm, AmnUM
am_H$U _hmamO Zm? hmo`. H$mbM _XaqIS>r`m _mbVr Hw$bH$Uu
Am`m hmo`m. `mZr nyOoMo 450 n`o ^abo AmhoV. hr ~Km nmdVr.
`mZr Amn`mbm gmX Ko`mg gm{JVbo Amho. nmdVrda _mbVr
Hw$bH$Uu, _XaqIS>r, Ago Zmd hmoVo. _mbVr Hw$bH$Uu hUOo
dm{XamO`m _mVmolr. dm{XamObm Am` dmQ>bo. Amnbr AmB H$Yr
~Xm_rbm Ambr? Amn`mbm H$go _mhrV Zmhr! nwOmar nwT>o hUmbm,
_r nhmQ>oM nyOm d A{^foH$ Ho$bm Amho. nyOo_Yo nmMOUmZm ^moOZmMm
gmX {_iVmo. AmnU ghmOU AmhmV. EH$mMo ngo Am\$sg_Yo ^am d
~amo~a 12 dmOVm ^moOZJhmV gmXmbm `m. AmVm gH$miMo 11
dmObo hmoVo. lr. qZJamO `mZr EH$mMo ngo ^abo d nmdVr KoVbr.
_{Xam`m AmdmamV \o$a\$Q>H$m _mabm.
~amo~a 12 dmOVm g^mJhmV Jobo. ~mOybmM ^moOZJh hmoVo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 251

nwOmar VoWoM hmoVo. `mMoH$S>o EH$mMr nmdVr {Xbr. _hmamO d ~mH$s

nmMOU gmXmbm ~gbo. gdmZm nmoQ>^a OodU dmT>bo. nwaUmMo H$S>~y,
Am_Q>r, ^mV, ^mOr, dS>o, Ago dmXr> OodU hmoVo. gdOU V
Pmbo. Xwg`m {Xder _hmamO, dm{XamO, ZmZm Omoer d _hmXod naV
`>rbm Ambo. dm{XamOMr AmB Zo_H$s, `>rbm XeZmbm Ambr
hmoVr. _hmamOmZr ~Xm_r `oWrb, ~ZeH$ar XodrMm dmmV `mZm
gm{JVbm d hUmbo, Vwhr EdT>o ngo ^abo. _J gmXmgmR>r H$m Wm~`m
ZmhrV? _mbVr Hw$bH$Uu Am`mZo _hmamOm`m Moh`mH$S>o nmh
bmJ`m. _hmamO Vwhr H$mhrVar H$m` gmJVm! _r ~Xm_rbm JoboM
ZhVo. _mJMm gnyU AmR>dS>m _r emioVM hmoVo. `m mW{_H$ emioV
{e{jH$m hmo`m. AmVm Am`MH$sV hmo`mMr nmir _hmamOmMr hmoVr.
dm{XamO nU AmBMo Moh`mH$S>o ~KVM ~gbm. _hmamOm~amo~a
~ZeH$ar Xodr`m XeZmbm Jobobo lr. ZmZm Omoer, lr. _hmXod d
dm{XamO hUmbo, _hmamO gmJVmV, `mnH$s EH$ Ajahr ImoQ>o Zmhr.
~ZeH$ar XodrMo Abm{H$H$ XeZ d da ~mobmdyZ {Xbobo gmXmMo
OodU. gdM AKQ>rV. VoWo hOa Agbo`m gd ^V_S>itZm
Iy n Am` dmQ> b o . Vgo M n.ny . am_H $ U _hmamOm M r
Am`m_mVrb `mo`Vm nU H$iyZ Ambr.
3) am_H$U _hmamOmMo AZw>mZ d gmJbrV nmD$g B.g.
2004 ^mnX _{hZm, am_H$U _hmamO am`~mJbm hmoVo. gmJbrMo
lr. `nm _mir d H$mhr ^VOU, _hmamOm`m XeZmbm am`~mJbm
Ambo. lmdU gnyZ ^mnX _{h`mg gwadmV Pmbr hmoVr. AOyZ n`V
gmJbr n[agamV, nmdgmMm W|~nU nS>bm ZhVm. XwH$mimMr
n[apWVr. H$mhr ^VmMr gmJbr n[agamV eoVr hmoVr. JwamZm H$m`,
_mUgmZmM `m`bm nmUr {_iV ZhVo. gmJbr`m ^VJUmZr
_hmamOmZm {dZVr Ho$br. _hmamO, Vwhr H$mhrVar H$am. hUOo nmD$g
nS>ob. _hmamOm`m AZw>mZmZo, H$hirV nS>bo`m nmdgmMr H$Wm
252 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

`mZm _mhrV hmoVr.

_hmamOmZr WmoS>m {dMma Ho$bm. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr mWZm
Ho$br. _J R>a{dbo. 11 {Xdg AIS> Mmodrg Vmg "" Z_:
{edm`'' _mMm gm_wXm{`H$ On d _hmXodm`m qnS>rda
nm`mMr gVV Yma. _hmamOmZr {hemo~ Ho$bm. Xa Vmgmbm _mUgo
~Xbmdr bmJVrb. EH$ Vmgmbm Mma _mUgo _ OnmgmR>r d EH$
_mUyg qnS>rda A{^foH$ H$a`mgmR>r. H$mhr _mUgo nmUr AmU`mgmR>r.
A`m EHy$U 128 _mUgm`m JQ>mMr Amd`H$Vm hmoVr. `nm
_mitZr gd gmo` H$a`mMr h_r {Xbr.
nwT>o Mma-nmM {XdgmZr, `mo` {Xdg ~KyZ AZw>mZmbm gwadmV
Pmbr. n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO OmVrZo hOa hmoVo. gmJbrnmgyZ 3
{H$._r. AVamda h[anya Jmd. Jmdmbm bmJyZM H$Um ZXr. ZXr`m
H$mR>mdaM eH$amMo _{Xa. _`_ AmH$mamMr _hmXodmMr qnS>. H$Um
ZXrbm nmUr ~oVmMoM hmoVo. _{XamVM gH$mir AZw>mZmbm gwadmV
Pmbr. ^VJU JQ>mJQ>mZo gmJbrhZ h[anyabm `oV. `oH$mbm doi d
H$m_ dmQy>Z {Xbo hmoV.o _hmamO {Xdg^a Wm~V. amr \$V {dlmVrgmR>r
gmJbrbm `oV. {Vg`m {XderM gmJbr n[agamV OmoaXma nO`d>r
Pmbr. eoVmV gd nmUr ^abo. bmoH$ AmZ{XV Pmbo. VarnU am_H$U
_hmamOmZr gH$nm_mUo, AH$am {XdgmMo AZw>mZ nyU Ho$bo. eodQ>`m
{Xder gmXmMo OodU Ho$bo. gmJbrMo lr. AUm Ho$iH$a _hmamO,
AZw>mZ Mmby AgVmZm h[anyabm `oD$Z Jobo. gmJbr`m _wI
dmnmV, am_H$U _hmamOm`m AZw>mZmZo, nmD$g nS>`mMr ~mV_r
N>mnyZ Ambr hmoVr. am_H$U _hmamO gmJbr n[agamV {g Pmbo.
~aoM ZdrZ ^VJU `>rbm `oD$ bmJbo.
4) am_H$U _hmamOmMo nmdgmgmR>r _mbJmdmV AZw>mZ
B.g.2005. am_H$U _hmamOmMo ^V lr. `nm _mir. `mMo Jmd
_mbJmd. gmJbrnmgyZ 12 {H$._r. AVamda. VoWoM `mMr eoVr.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 253

XmoZ dfmnmgyZ _mbJmdmV nmD$g ZhVm. lmdU _{hZm AYm gnyZ

Jobm hmoVm. `nm _mitZr _mbJmdbm AZw>mZ H$a`mMm, _hmamOmZm
{dZVrdOm AmJh Ho$bm. _hmamOmMm d^md _yiMmM o_i. AmVm
^Vm~b o_. _hmamO V`ma Pmbo. nU _mbJmdbm 128 _mUgmMm
gM {_iUo H$R>rU H$m` Ae`M hmoVo. am_H$U _hmamOmZr `mda
VmoS>Jm H$mT>bm. Mmodrg VmgmMm {Xdg. `mV Mma g{YH$mb.
emmV g{YH$mbmbm \$ma _hd. `oH$ g{YH$mbmV EH$ Vmg
Z_: {edm` _mMm gm_wXm{`H$ On d _hmXodm`m qnS>rda
gVV YmaoMm A{^foH$ H$a`mMo R>a{dbo. `mgmR>r _moOH$sM _mUgo
bmJUma hmoVr. _mbJmdmV VodT>m _mUgmMr gmo` Pmbr. gmV {Xdg
AZw>mZ H$a`mMo R>abo.
lmdUmV`m eodQ>`m AmR>dS>mV, AZw>mZmg gwadmV Pmbr.
am_H$U _hmamOmMm _wH$m_ _mbJmdmVM `nm _mitH$S>o hmoVm.
_hmXodmMo _{Xa KamMo OdiM hmoV.o `nm _mitZr gd `dWm Ho$br.
1) {XdgmMm n{hbm g{YH$mb gH$mir 5&& Vo 6&&. `mMdoiog
hZw_mZmMm O_ Pmbm.
2) Xwgam gYrH$mb Xwnmar 11&& Vo 12&&. `mdoiog am_O_.
3) {Vgam gYrH$mb g`mH$mir 5&& Vo 6&&. XmO_mMr doi.
4) MmWm g{YH$mb amr 11&& Vo 12&&. lrH$UO_mMr doi.
A`m `oH$ g{YH$mimV Vmg^a AZw>mZ hUOo gm_wXm{`H$
On d _hmXodmbm A{^foH$. Ago gmV {Xdg AZw>mZ Ho$bo. H$hirMo
lr. _hmXod d BVa H$mhr ^V_S>itZr AZw>mZmV ^mJ KoVbm hmoVm.
Md`m {XderM nmdgmbm gwadmV Pmbr. gVV VrZ {Xdg
OmoaXma nmD$g nS>V hmoVm. AZw>mZ MmbyM hmoV.o eoVm_Yo JwT>`mMo
da nmUr gmMbo hmo V o . _mbJm d `m bmo H $m Z r am_H $ U
_hmamOmMm O`O`H$ma H$$Z gH$ma Ho$bm. Jo`m {H$`oH$
dfmV Agm nmD$g nS>bm ZhVm. AZw>mZ gnbo Var nmD$g
254 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

MmbyM hmoVm. bmoH$ J_VrZo hUy bmJbo. AmVm nmD$g

Wm~`mgmR>r AZw>mZ H$am.
na_mWmVmV g{YH$mbmbm \$ma _hd Amho. gmYH$mZo
g{YH$mbmV Ho$bobm On, `mZ, AZw>mZ \$ma bdH$a \$imbm
`oVo. g{YH$mbmV dmVmdaUhr g AgVo. `mdoiog gmYH$mMo
_Z nU bdH$a EH$mJ hmoVo. Aer Amho _hmamOmda Agbobr
dUXodmMr H$nm.
dm{XamO _hmamOm`m Am`w`mVrb
{ZdS>H$ g`KQ>Zm

lr. dm{XamO Zmam`Uamd Hw$bH$Uu. ahmUma _XaqIS>r.

H$hir`m eoOmaMo Jmd. `mMm O_ 1 OyZ 1963 _Yo O_IS>r
`oWo Pmbm. _m`{_H$ {ejU Pm`mZVa, d`mMo 16 `m dfu `mMr
^oQ> n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOm~amo~a Pmbr. Vr H$hir`m `H$Q>oe
_{XamV. Vo d^mdmZo IynM ^moio nU m_m{UH$. `mZm am_H$U
_hmamOmZr {Xbobo Zm_. `mZVa `mMr na_mWmVrb CVr. hm gd
H$Wm^mJ mM nwVH$mV, am_H$U _hmamOm`m H$hir`m `H$Q>oe
_{XamVrb dmV` H$mimV Ambobm Amho. `mMr nwZamdmr H$a`mMr
Amd`H$Vm Zmhr. am_H$U _hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_ KoV`mZVa, \$ma
bdH$a `mZm AZw^d Ambo. Vo dV:`m IS>Va gmYZoZo Am{U
_hmamOm`m H$nmAmerdmXmZo. gy_mV doe H$a`mMo kmZ
`mZm m Pmbo. Vo `>r`m g_mYr _{XamV ~gyZ, n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMo VmgZ Vmg `mZ H$arV. Amn`m ^mo`m ^Vmda, n.ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr nyU H$nm hmoVr. `mMm `` Imbrb
g`KQ>Zmd$Z H$iyZ `oBb.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 255

1) B.g. 1982 gmbr, am_H$U _hmamO H$hir`m `H$Q>oe

_{XamV _wH$m_mbm hmoVo. `mdoiog dm{XamO Zoh_r _hmamOm`m
XeZmbm `oV. EH$Xm _XaqIS>rbm Kar Om`mg Cera Pmbm. amr
EH$Q>oM dm{XamO, `H$Q>oe _{XamVyZ _XaqIS>rbm Om`mg {ZKmbo.
_XaqIS>r OdiM hmoV.o a`mV AMmZH$ T>JmMm JS>JS>mQ> gw$ Pmbm.
OmoaXma {dOm M_Hy$ bmJ`m. dmVmdaU EH$X_ ^r{VXm`H$ Pmbo.
{dOm`m COoS>mV, EH$m _moRR>m H$mnbo`m PmS>mMr gmdbr
dm{XamO`m {XeoZo gaH$br. ^yV hUyZ dm{XamO Iyn Km~abm.
S>mi
o o K> {_Qy>Z KoVbo. OmoamZo AmoaS>bm, ""_hmamO _bm dmMdm,
_bm dmMdm.'' ^r{VZo WaWa H$mnV hmoVm. S>moio CKS>`mMr
{h_V hmoV ZhVr. a`mda {MQ>nmI$nU ZhVo.
VodT>mV nmR>r_mJyZ dm{XamO, dm{XamO hUV am_H$U _hmamO
Ambo. hmVmV bmH$S>r XmS>mMr _moR>r N>r hmoVr. _wgiYma nmdgmbm
gwadmV Pmbr. AmVm dm{XamOZo S>mi
o o CKS>b.o eoOmar am_H$U _hmamO
C^o. dm{XamO`m S>mo`mda N>r Yabobr. dm{XamO hUmbm,
_hmamO EdT>m bdH$a Vwhr H$go AmbmV? _hmamO JmbmV`m
JmbmV hgbo. Mb _m`m~amo~a. Vwbm Kamn`V gmoS>Vmo. nmD$g
OmoaXma hmoVm. dm{XamObm Kam`m hamSmn`V gmoSy>Z am_H$U
_hmamO {ZKyZ Job.o dm{XamOZo Xmamda Q>H$Q>H$ Ho$bo. AmBZo Xma CKS>b.o
AmOrnU dmQ>M nhmV hmoVr. ~mhoa`odT>m _wgiYma nmD$g Am{U
dm{XamOMo H$nS>o H$moaS>oM. AmOr hUmbr, Aao dm{XamO, Vy EdT>m
nmdgmVyZ Ambmg Am{U VwPo H$nS>o Amobo H$go Pmbo ZmhrV? AJ
AmOr, am_H$U _hmamO N>r KoD$Z Ambo hmoVo. `mZr _bm Kamn`V
gmoS>bo. _J doS>m, `mZm KamV ~mobdm`Mo Zmhr H$m? Ja_ Ja_ Mhm
{Xbm AgVm.
Xwg`m {Xder dm{XamO ~amo~a, `mMr AmB _hmamOmH$S>o Ambr.
_hmamO Amhr Jar~ bmoH$. Vwhr H$embm Am_MoH$S>o `mb? _hmamOmZm
256 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

H$mhrM H$ioZm. Ahmo VmB, Vwhr Ago H$m ~mobVm? _XaqIS>rbm

Am`mda, _r Vw_`mH$S>o `oUma Zmhr. Ago H$Yr hmoBb H$m? _J
dm{XamOZo H$mb amr KS>bobm gd gJ, am_H$U _hmamOmZm
gm{JVbm. _hmamO Am`mZo WH$ Pmbo. hUmbo Aao dm{XamO
_r H$mb _XaqIS>rbm AmbmoM Zmhr. Vy H$m` gmJVmog. _bm
H$mhr H$iV Zmhr. _J am_H$U _hmamOmZm CbJS>m Pmbm.
^mo`m ^VmMr H$miOr KoUmao, Amnbo gXJw$ Zaqghoa
_hmamOM. `mMrM hr AK{Q>V H$aUr.
2) B.g. 1995 Mm gw_ma. n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMm _w$m_
(Adition) A~aZmWbm, lr. O`V ^S>J `mMoH$S>o hmoVm.lr. dm{XamO
_hmamOm~amo~a hmoV.o Xwg`m {Xder gH$mir 9&& dmOVm n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOm`m nmXwH$m nyOZmbm gwadmV Pmbr. ~mUmH$Sy>Z JUoe nyOZ,
nmXwH$m nwOZ, gH$n B. {dYr emmoV nVrZo Pmbo hmoVo.
m{^foH$m`m 11 AmdVZmZm gwadmV Pmbr hmoVr. am_H$U _hmamO
d dm{XamO `mZmbm ~gbo. lr. O`V ^S>J nyOm H$arV hmoVo. _YoM
11 `m gw_mamg dm{XamO CR>bo. EH$Q>oM ~mhoa nS>bo. lr. ^S>J `mMo
KamnmgyZ, A~aZmWMo aodo Q>oeZ MmbV 15 {_ZrQ>o AVamda Amho.
aodo bmBZ`m H$S>oZo gai aVm. dm{XamO MmbV MmbV aodo Q>oeZ
Odi nmohmoMbo. AmOy~mOybm gd _mH}$Q>. ~amo~a H$moUrM ZhVo. aodo
Q>oeZOdi EH$ Zmaidmbm {Xgbm. dm{XamOMo _ZmV, Zmai nmUr
`mdo Ago Ambo. H$_aobm nmT>ar bwJr d AJmV nmT>am P~m. ~moQ>^a
H$mir XmT>r. d` \$mago ZhVoM. Oo_ Vo_ 3032 dfmMo. CMr nmM
\w$Q>mMo Amgnmg. H$mZS>r MmJbo ~mobV. nU _amR>r qhXr _moS>Ho$
VmoS>Ho$M. naV ~mobVmZm AS>IiV. Moh`mdaMm ^moionUm bnV
ZhVm.
dm{XamO Zmaidm`m`m g_moa C^o am{hbo. Zmaidmbm Ho$airM
hmoVm. dm{XamO hUmbm, EH$ nmZrdmbm Zm[a`b Xmo& Zmaidm`mZo
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 257

dm{XamOH$S>o nm{hbo. EH$ Zmai gmobyZ nmUr {n`mg {Xbm. dm{XamO

_OoV nmUr `m`bm. {H$VZm ngm hAm? Xg n`m& dm{XamOZo {IemV
hmV KmVbm. \$V nmM n`mMr ZmoQ> {ZKmbr. Xwgam {IgmnU
MmMnS>bm. nU [aH$m_mM. AmVm _m dm{XamO Iyn Km~abm. `mMr
Mb{~Mb Zmaidm`m`m bjmV Ambr. Vmo hUmbm, OXr ngo
{ZH$mbmo& dm{XamOZo _ZmV`m _ZmV Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm Ymdm Ho$bm.
Zmaidm`m`m ~mOybm XmoZ Mma bmoH$ O_m Pmbo hmoVo. AmVm ho
bmoH$ Amn`mbm _maVrb, hUyZ H$mdam-~mdam Pmbm.
VodT>mV g_moa`m ~mOyZo h~irMm EH$ ^V a{d Hw$MaH$a
`oVmZm {Xgbm. dm{XamOMr Am{U `mMr MmJbrM AmoiI
hmoVr. `mZo dm{XamObm nm{hbo. Zmaidm`mH$S>o Ambm. a{d
Hw$MaH$a. MmJbo OmS>OwS> `{$_d. `dpWV nmoemI. \y$b nQ>,
\y$b eQ. Aao dm{XamO, Vy `oWo H$m` H$aVmog? H$mZS>rV {dMmabo.
dm{XamO hUmbm, am_H$U _hmamO A~aZmbm O`V ^S>J `mMoH$S>o
Ambo AmhoV. nyOm Mmby Amho. H$Q>mim Ambm hUyZ Oam {\$am`bm
Ambmo. `oWo ZmainmUr `m`bmo.
lr. a{d Hw$MaH$aZo Zmaidm`mbm AOyZ EH$m Zmainm`mMr
AmS>a {Xbr. dm{XamObm {dMmabo. dm{XamO ZH$mo hUmbm. a{d
Hw$MaH$aH$S>o nmhZ Zmaidmbm WmoS>m X~bm hmoVm. Z ~mobVm ZmainmUr
{Xbo. a{dZo ZmainmUr {nD$Z XmoKmMohr ngo {Xbo. dm{XamOMr ^rVr
Zmhrer Pmbr. a{d, Vy AmVm _mPo~amo~a ^S>JmH$S>o Mb. am_H$U
_hmamOmMo XeZ Ko. Vy BH$S>o H$moR>o Ambm hmoVmg? _r _w~ Bbm H$m_mgmR>r
Ambmo Amho. A~aZmWbm EH$m {_mbm ^oQy>Z _J nwT>o Om`Mo Amho. Vy
Ago H$a. nwT>o Om. _r {_mbm ^oQy>Z ^S>JmH$S>o `oVmo. dm{XamOZo gmYmaU
nmm a{d Hw$MaH$abm gm{JVbm. a{d Hw$MaH$a `mMo H$m_mgmR>r {ZKyZ
Jobm. dm{XamO gai a`mZo MmbV naV lr. ^S>J `mMoH$S>o Ambo.
XwnmaMo ~mam dmOyZ Jobo hmoVo. nyOm gnbr hmoVr. AmaVrgmR>r
258 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

gdOU dm{XamOMr dmQ> nhmV hmoVo. am_H$U _hmamO Oam amJmdbo.

dm{XamO Z gmJVm Vy H$moR>o {ZKyZ Jobmg? Vwbm A~aZmWMr nyU _m{hVr
Zmhr. _r {H$Vr H$miOrV hmoVmo. dm{XamOZo ZmainmUr `m``m nmgyZ
Vo a{d Hw$MaH$a ^oQ>`mn`VMr, gd hH$sH$V gm{JVbr. am_H$U
_hmamO hUmbo, _J `mbm ~amo~a AmUm`Mo Zmhr H$m? ho gd
~mobUo ^S>J \$_rbr d O_bobo ^VJU `mMo g_moaM Pmbo.
_J AmaVr Pmbr. gmXmMr nmZo _mS>br. a{d Hw$MaH$a `oBb hUyZ,
gJ`mZr 1520 {_ZrQ>o dmQ> nm{hbr. nU a{d H$mhr Ambm Zmhr.
_J am_H$U _hmamO hUmbo, `mbm H$mhrVar H$m_ {ZKmbo Agob.
AmnU Oodm`bm ~gy. gdmMr OodUo Pmbr. g`mH$mi Pmbr. nU
a{d Hw$MaH$a H$mhr Ambm Zmhr. `mdoiog m gm`m KQ>ZoMo
H$moUmbm H$mhr dmQ>bo Zmhr. gdOU {dg$Z Jobo.
XmoZ _{h`mZVa a{d Hw$MaH$a `>rbm Ambo. g_moaM dm{XamO
^oQ>b.o dm{XamOZo {dMmabo, Aao a{d XmoZ _{h`mndy u Vy A~aZmWbm
Zmaidm`mH$S>o ^oQ>bm. ZVa ^S>JmH$S>o `oVmo hUyZ gm{JVbog
Am{U Ambm Zmhrg. a{dbm g_OoZm, H$s dm{XamO, ho H$m`
~mobVmo. dm{XamO _r A~aZmWbm AmbmoM ZhVmo. _r AOyZ
_w~Bbm JobmoM Zmhr. Va A~aZmWbm `oUma H$gm? AmVm_m
dm{XamO Jm|Yibm. bJoM `mbm am_H$U _hmamOmH$S>o KoD$Z
Jobm. a{dbm g_moa nhmVmM, _hmamOmZr VmoM Z `mbm
{dMmabm. a{dZo VoM Cma {Xbo. AmVm _m WH$ hmo`mMr nmir,
_hmamOmMr hmoVr. dm{XamOZo A~aZmWMr g{dVa h{H$H$V
a{dbm gm{JVbr. VoWo hOa Agbobo ^VJU Am`M{H$V
Pmbo. naV EH$Xm n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO, Amn`m ^mo`m
^Vm`m _XVrbm YmdyZ Ambo hmoVo. `m {Xder dMZmV hr
Jmo> am_H$U _hmamOmZr gJ`mZm gm{JVbr. nwT>o H$mhr
H$mbmdYrZVa lr. a{d Hw$MaH$a, ho O`V ^S>J `mZm ^oQ>bo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 259

ZaXohmMr mr d H$V`

`m doiog m AmR>dUtMr naV EH$Xm COiUr Pmbr. g.g.

Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr _m`_ ~Z{dbo`m, lr. a{d Hw$MaH$a
`mZm O`V ^S>J `mZr dmHy$Z Z_H$ma Ho$bm. AmVm VwhrM
gmJm. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO g_m{YW PmboV, H$s Amn`mV
AmhoV?

{ZJwU {ZamH$ma ~dn na_oamZo, _m`o`m AmYmamZo

nM_hm^yVm_H$ g>r {Z_mU Ho$br. Ordg>r`m {Z{_VrgmR>r ~Xod,
nmbZnmofUmgmR>r {dUwXod d ghmamgmR>r _hmXod `mMr {Z{_Vr Ho$br.
Ordg>r`m MbZ dbZmgmR>r `oH$ mUr_mmV, MoVZoMr {V>mnZm
Ho$br. ~d$n na_oamMm Ae hUOoM MoVZm. Xod, JYd, amjg
B. `moZr {Z_mU Ho$`m. Mm`mer bj `moZrVrb ney, njr, H$sS>o,
_w`m B`mqXMr {Z{_Vr Pmbr. EH$m {d{e> CoemZo, na_oamZo
_Zw`mMr {Z{_Vr Ho$br. MoVZo~amo~aM ~wrMrhr {V>mnZm
ZaXohmV Ho$br. ~wr_wioM {dMmaeVr OmJV hmoD$Z, ZamMm
Zmam`U hmo`mMr {H$_`m, _Zw`mbm ~hmb Ho$br.
{H$`obm {V{H$`m, hm g>rMm {Z`_M. Bbre_Yo AeZ BO
Bdb Qy> [a`meZ. hm ^m{VH$ emmMm {Z`_. gVH$_ hUOo nw`.
XwH$_ hUOo nmn. nw`mMo \$i AmZXXm`H$ Va nmnmMo \$i
Xw:IXm`H$. Mm`mer bj `moZrVbm dmg H$$ZM _Zw` O_ {_iVmo.
nmn-nw`mMo MH$, na_oamZo g>r MH$mbm bmJy Ho$bo. nmn Am{U
nw` g_g_mZ Pmbo H$s, _Zw` O_ {_iVmo, Ago gmYwgV gmJVmV.
ZaXohmMo W_ H$V` hUOo ZamMm Zmam`U hmoUo. AmYr
ZaXo h {_iUo M H$R> r U. {_imbo `m ZaXo h mMo H$`mU
260 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

H$a`mgmR>r, gXJw $ Zm eaU Jobo nm{hOo. Amn`m _yi d$nmMr

AmoiI nQ>dyZ `m na_m_-d$nmV {dbrZ Pmbo nm{hOo. hUOoM
_moj {_i{dbm nm{hOo. nU _m`o`m ^mdm_wio, _Zw` d d$nmbm
{dgaVmo. XohmMo MmoMbo nwa{dV ahmVmo. nmn-nw`mMr ndm H$arV Zmhr.
eodQ>r nmnmMo nmaS>o OS> hmoD$Z, Mm`mer bj `moZr`m MH$mV, naV
naV AS>H$Vmo.
gJioM _mZd Ago ZgVmV. H$mhr bmoH$ Amn`m maYmZwgma
m g>r MH$mMm {dMma H$$Z, `m`m {Z_m`mbm OmU`mMm `Z
H$aVmV. `mgmR>r ^{$_mJmbm bmJVmV. Va ~aoMgo bmoH$ ggmamVrb
Xw:ImMo {ZdmaU H$a`mgmR>r, gmYwgVmMm Aml` KoVmV. ZVa nwT>o
^{$_mJmbm bmJVmV. ^{$_mJmbm bmJbobo bmoH$ gmYwgV mMr dMZo,
dMZo, EoHy$Z _w_wjw hmoVmV. `mZm na_oam~b AmWm {Z_mU hmoVo.
_w_wjwZm `mo` gXJw$Mm bm^ hmoD$Z Vo gmYH$ ~ZVmV. H$mhr gmYH$
T> gmYZoZo {g hmoVmV. _moj {_idVmV. WmoS>`mV Agm Amho
ZaXohmMm ~ Vo {g Agm dmg.
gmYH$mbm W_ Amd`H$Vm Amho Vr {MmewrMr. ZVaM `mMr
Hw$S>{bZr eVr OmJV hmoD$Z, `mMm na_mWmMm dmg I`m AWmZo
Mmby hmoVmo. {MmewrgmR>r emmV, Mma amO_mJ gm{JVbo AmhoV. Vo
nwT>rb _mUo.
1) ^{$_mJ - gdmV gmonm _mJ. nM H$aVm H$aVmM na_mW
gmYyZ XoUmam. XodmMr nyOm-AMm, Zm__aU, Am`mp_H$ nwVH$mMo
dmMZ d _ZZ. gmYwgVm`m {H$VZ, dMZmMo ldU. ZVa `mM_mUo
AmMaU, VrWmQ>Zo B. m gd _mJmZr dmg Ho$`mda hiy hiy H$m_,
H$moY, bmo^, _X, _moh, _ga, m fS>[anyMm hmg hmoD$Z _Zw`mMo
{Mm ew hmoVo. nwT>o Zm__aUmV ^VragmMm Amobmdm {Z_mU hmoVmo.
`mo` gXJw$Mm bm^ hmoD$Z, gmYH$mMr Hw$S>{bZr eVr OmJV hmoVo.
nwT>Mm dmg IynM AdKS>. ho gd hmoBn`V \$ma doi {ZKyZ OmVmo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 261

earamMr dmdWm gw$ hmoV.o \$ma H$_r gmYH$ nyUmdWobm nmohMVmV.

nU `mMr ^Vr, gmYZm dm`m OmV Zmhr. lr_V ^JdVJrVoV ^JdmZ
lrH$UmZo gm{JV`m _mUo, `mbm nwT>rb O_ _Zw`mMm {_iVmo.
`m O_mV `mo` Hw$i, `mo` n[apWVr m hmoD$Z, `mMr nwT>rb
gmYZm Mmby hmoVo. `mbm naV mW{_H$ AdWonmgyZ gwadmV H$amdr
bmJV Zmhr. hr Jmo> Mmahr amO_mJmZm bmJy Amho. md$Z na_oa
{H$Vr X`miy Amho `mMr AmnUmg H$nZm `oVo.
2) H$__mJ - hm _mJ gd gm_m`mZm O_V Zmhr. `mgmR>r
_Zw`mMr dmr H$amar Am{U _Z H$R>moa Agmdo bmJVo. Amnbo {dhrV
H$_ ZoQ>mZo H$$Z, \$i ^JdVmbm AnU H$aUo hmM H$__mJ.
Hw$R>`mhr \$imMr Anojm Z R>odVm, H$_ H$aUo \$ma H$R>rU. gd H$Vm
H$a{dVm na_oaM Amho. \$V H$_ H$aUo Amnbo H$m_. `e An`e
$nr \$i Xo`mMo H$m_, na_oamMo. `mV ^{$_mJ AmbmM. na_oamda
T> lm Ag`m{edm` hm ^md {Z_mU hmoUmaM Zmhr. ^JdmZ
lrH$UmgmaIm _mJXeH$ gIm bm^yZ nU AOwZ _mohmV nS>bm.
j{`mMo {dhrV H$_ hUOo Y_`w. EdT>m _moR>m H$_`moJr AgyZ nU
doido a H$M Imr. Va Amn`mgma`m gm_m` _mUgmMr H$m` H$Wm?
m _mJmZo nyUdmbm nmohmoMUo \$ma H$R>rU.
3) `moJ_mJ - `moJ hUOo A>mJ `moJ. mbmM hQ>`moJ, Agohr
hUVmV. VU d`mV gmYH$mbm, `moJ_mJmMo Iyn AmH$fU
AgVo. `mo` Jw$ {_imbm VaM mMo dmQ>mbm Omdo. A`Wm
gmYo gwYo `m`m_ d earambm gmogVrb Aer `moJmgZo H$$Z,
eara gnXm m H$$Z `mdr.
A>mJ `moJ hUOo `_, {Z`_, AmgZ, mUm`m_, `mhma,
YmaUm, `mZ d g_mYr. A>mJ `moJmMo gnyU {ddaU H$aUo `oWo C{MV
Zmhr. `mgmR>r nmVOb `moJemmMm A`mg H$amdm. {Z`{_V `moJ
gmYZoZo, gmYH$mMo eara ~marH$ nU bdMrH$ hmoVo. VgoM ~iH$Q>hr
262 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

hmoVo. `mo` gXJw$Mo _mJXeZmZo `mZ gn hmoD$Z gmYH$ g_mYr

AdWobm m H$$Z H$$Z KoVmo. `mMr Hw$S>{bZr eVr OmJV
hmoVo. fQ>MH$mMm dmg H$$Z Vr gmYH$m`m ghmamV hUOoM
~aKmV pWa hmoVo. VoWo ""Ah ~mp_'' Agm AZw^d gmYH$mg
`oVmo. {Odm-{edmMo _rbZ hmoD$Z _mojnX hUOoM Am_kmZ m
hmoVo.
hm _mJ Iyn {MH$mQ>rMm AgyZ gnyU ~M`mMo nmbZ H$aUo
Amd`H$ Amho. \$ma H$_r gmYH$ m _mJmZo nyUdmbm nmohMVmV.
4) kmZ_mJ - kmZ_mJ hUOoM {ZJwUmMr gmYZm.
^{$_mJmV gJwUmMo AmYmao {ZJwU nmdmdo, Ago gmYy gVmZr
gm{JVbo Amho. nU kmZ_mJ hUOo gJwUmMr nm`ar AmobmSy>Z
EH$X_ {ZJwUmMr gmYZm. gm_m` _mUgmbm nobV Zmhr.
`mgmR>r gw{e{jV d VdqMVH$, Am`mp_H$ nwVH$m`m dmMZmMr
AmdS> AgUmam _Zw` hdm. doX Cn{ZfXmda AmYmarV, Am`mp_H$
nwVH$m`m dmMZmZo hiy hiy {ZJwU H$im`bm bmJVo. dmr Ver
V`ma hmoVo. dmMZ, _ZZ H$$Z _r Xoh ZgyZ Am_m Amho, mMo
AmH$bZ hmoVo. `mo` gXJw$Mm bm^ hmoD$Z A`mg AOyZ JV
hmoVmo. {Mmewr hmoVo. Hw$S>{bZr eVr OmJV hmoD$Z, gmYH$ Oar
`dhmamVrb {Z` H$_}H$arV Agbm, Var _ZmZo A{b AgVmo.
`mo ` do i r gX J w $ `mbm Am_~mo Y H$aVmV. ""Ah
~mp_'', ""Vd_{g'' B. ~moY dm`o, gXJw$`m _wImVyZ
EoHy$Z `mbm Am_~moY hmoVmo. Am_kmZ$nr _mojmMm Vmo
A{YH$mar hmoVmo.
m _mJmV _moR>r AS>MU hUOo eXkmZmMr. eXkmZmZo AhH$ma
\$mo\$mdVmo. Am_kmZmMm AZw^d _hdmMm. ZwgVo eXkmZ H$m`
H$m_mMo? am_H$U _hmamOmZm AmiXrV Pmbo`m >mVmMr, dmMH$mZm
AmR>dU AgobM.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 263

am_H$U _hmamOmMr ^{$`moJmMr {eH$dU

gmYH$m`m erK CVrgmR>r n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmZr

Mmahr amO_mJmMm A`mg H$$Z, gmonm Agm ""^{$`moJ''
emoYyZ H$mT>bm. `mMrM {eH$dU Vo _w_wjwZm XoVmV. hOmamo _w_wj
`>rV am_H$U _hmamOm`m _mJXeZmgmR>r `oVmV. ^{$`moJmMo
AmMaU H$$Z Amnbr CVr gmYyZ KoVmV. Vmo ^Vr`moJ H$gm Amho
ho AmnU WmoS>`mV ~Ky.
1) W_ nm`ar g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m Amko_mUo,
am_H$U _hmamOmMm ^{$gma Mmby Amho. `>rV Ambo`m _w_wjwZm
W_ Zm_ XoVmV. lmor` Am_kmZr gXJw$Zr {Xbobm ~rO_ hUOo
Am`m_mVrb gOrdZrM. Ambo`m _w_wjwbm Amn`m ImobrV
~mobmdVmV. `mdoiog AmOy~mOybm H$moUrM ZgVo. AYnmgZmV
AWdm gwImgZmV, Amn`m g_moa ~gdVmV. _J _hmamO gmJVmV.
S>moio {_Q>m. _ZmZoM Zm{gHo$da >r R>odm. _ZmV H$mhrM {dMma AmUy
ZH$m. gH$n, {dH$n ZH$mo. mgmH$S>o bj R>odm. nmR>rMm H$Um VmR>
R>odm. _mZ qH${MV Imbr. AY OmbYa~Ym gmaIr. mg KoVmZm
ZmH$m`m e|S>mnmgyZ `m. mgmMr {H$`m hUOo mg KoUo Am{U
mg gmoS>Uo. Zg{JH$ [a`m hmoD$ m. nmMM {_ZrQ>mV _w_wjw`m
_ZmMr EH$mJVm hmoV.o _J _hmamOmZm \w$abobm {g _. `mMo
CmaU _w_wjw`m H$mZmV H$$Z, `mbm Zm_ XoVmV. Amn`m
OdiMr On_mi XoVmV. mgm~amo~a Zm_mMm Cma H$gm H$am`Mm,
ho g_OmdyZ gmJVmV. amoO H$_rV H$_r VrZ _mim On H$a`mg
gmJVmV.
2) {Vr` nm`ar ~rO_mZo AZwJhrV Pmbobm _w_wjw,
264 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

{Z`{_VnUo ~rO _mMm VrZ _mim On H$$ bmJVmo. H$mhr {XdgmVM

`m`m dmrV \$aH$ nS>Vmo. ~aoMgo AZwJh rV, nMm`m ahmQ>JmS>`mV
Zm__aU {dg$Z OmVmV. nU `mMo maY ~iH$Q> Amho, Ago
_w_wjw naV naV _hmamOmMo XeZmbm `oVmV. {Z`{_VnUo Zm__aU
Mmby R>odVmV. na_mW _mJmMr dmQ>Mmb Mmby bmJUo, H$mhr gmono
Zmhr. nydO_rMo gwH$V Ag`m{edm` Vgo KS>V Zmhr. _J
gmYH$ Hw$R>`mhr Am`m_mMo emioV Omdmo. \$V I`m
ImoQ>mMr narjm H$$Z `mdr bmJVo, EdT>oM.
Ago {Z`{_V Zm__aU H$aUmao gmYH$ _hmamOmH$S>o Ambo hUOo,
_hmamO `mZm Zm_, On {H$`m {eH$dVmV. AYnmgZmV, nmgZmV,
{gmgZmV AWdm gwImgZmV (Ogo O_ob Vgo) ~gdVmV. g_moa
EH$drV Mma ~moQ>o AVamda, Amn`m B>XodVoMm AWdm gXJw$Mm
\$moQ>mo R>do `mg gmJVmV. nmR>rMm H$Um VmR> R>do Zy , Xmohr hmVmV N>mVr`m
bohbbm _mi Y$Z, ZOa g_moa`m \$moQ>mdo a pWa H$a`mg gmJVmV.
bj \$moQ>moVrb XodVo`m S>mo`mda. _mi Yabobo hmV VmR>. _mZ WmoS>r
dmH$dyZ, hZwdQ>r N>mVrbm Q>oH$bobr. nmR>rMm H$Um EH$X_ VmR>.
hQ>`moJmV mbm OmbYa ~Y Ago hUVmV. m pWVrV, 11
_mim ~rO _mMm On. Vm|S> ~X R>do Zy , Zm_mMm _ZmV`m _ZmV Cma.
\$V {O^oZo. {O^oMr \$V hmbMmb. AmoR> ~XM. ZVa nS>{O^oZo.
{O^oMr hmbMmb Z H$aVm eara pWa R>odyZ, 11 _mim On {Z`{_VnUo
Ho$`mZo gmYH$m`m _ZmMr EH$mJVm hmoV.o S>m
o `mMr ~w~i
w o pWa hmoVmV.
Vm|S> ~X Ag`mZo, Zm__aUmZo earamV {Z_mU Pmbobr CUVm AmVM
ahmVo. {VMo AmKmV _ybmYma MH$mda hmoD$Z, gw AdWoV Agbo`m
Hw$S>{bZr e{$Mo H$nZ hmoVo. _hmamO nwT>o hr Ong`m nmM hOmamn`V
dmT>{d`mg gmJVmV. `m_wio AmB Hw$S>{bZr hiy hiy OmJV hmoD$Z,
{VMm Cd_mJu dmg Mmby hmoVmo. OnmZVa _mi hmVmVyZ Imbr R>odyZ,
Amho `mM AmgZmV AmZX_woV ~g`mg gmJVmV. S>moio {_Qy>Z bj
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 265

AmkmMH$mda H|$rV. Aem {Z`_rV A`mgmZo gmYH$mbm `mZ bmJy

bmJVo. mW{_H$ AdWoV Hw$S>{bZr eVr OmJV hmoD$Z, {VMm
doe _ybmYma MH$mMo da`m ~mOyg AgUm`m, gwfwZm ZmS>rV
Z Pm`mg eVr _ybmYma MH$mVM {\$$ bmJVo. gmYH$mMm
mgmomg A{Z`{_V Agm Omoa OmoamZo hmoD$ bmJVmo. earamV
{d{M Aer H$nZo OmUdy bmJVmV. am_H$U _hmamO g_moa
AgVrb, Va Vo gmYH$m`m AmkmMH$mda {Q>MH$s _m$Z,
Amn`m gH$n eVrZo Hw$ S>{bZrMm doe gwfw Zm ZmS>rV H$adyZ
XoVmV. nwT>Mm AmB Hw$S>{bZrMm _mJ gwH$a hmoVmo. nwT>Mo H$m` Vr
dV:M H$aVo. Amd`H$Vm Amho Vr gmYH$mbm `mZmbm
~g`mMr d gXJw$ H$noMr. ""am_ H$ao H$m_, h_ H$ao Amam_''
m gV H$~ram`m dMZmMm J{^VmW hmM Agbm nm{hOo.
ZdammV Xodr`m ^{$V VrZ hmoD$Z ~m`H$m KmJar \w$H$VmV.
Omoa OmoamZo ""\y$'' Mm Cma H$aVmV. `m_wio nU H$mhr ~m`H$mMr
Hw$S>{bZr eVr VmnwaVr OmJr hmoVo. `m AJmV Am`mgma`m
Kw_m`bm bmJVmV. nU AmB Hw$S>{bZrMm, gwfwZm ZmS>rV doe hmoD$
eH$V Zmhr. AV:H$aUmV`m ^{$Mm AmoK WS>mdbm H$s gd
emV hmoVo. `mZm mVbo H$mhrM H$iV ZgVo. `mV I`m ImoQ>mMo
nU _mU AgVo. `m_wio gm_m` _mUyg ^m~mdyZ OmVmo. n.ny. am_H$U
_hmamOmer MMm H$aVmZm hr Jmo> H$iyZ Ambr.
emmoV nVrZo _hmamO `moJmgZo {eH${dVmV. `mgmR>r gmV
{XdgmMo ""AZw>mZ dJ'' `>rV KoVmV. `mMr _m{hVr nwT>o {Xbobr
Amho. nyaH$ `m`m_ d {Z`{_V `moJmgZm_wio _Zw`mMo eara ew hmoVo.
Zm__aU, `mZmbm EH$m ~R>H$sV ~g`mgmR>r earamMr {gVm hmoVo.
ZmhrVa gm_m` _mUgmbm, Xhm {_ZrQ>mMo da gmYr _mS>r KmbyZ ~gUo
H$R>rU. gJim amO`moJ. earambm _mZdob Vgm. hiyhiy gmYZ
dmT>{dV ZoUmam. nmVObr `moJmV VrZ Vmg Mmirg {_ZrQ>mMr
266 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

ghma
AmkmMH$

{dewMH$
AZmhVMH$
X`MH$
_{UnyaMH$
dm{Y>mZ
MH$

_yybmYma
MH$

_mZdr earamVrb fQ>-MH$

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 267

AmB Hw$S>{bZr Am{U fQ>MH$mMr

WmoS>`mV _m{hVr

AmgZ {gr gm{JVbr Amho. AmgZ {g Pm`mZVa `mZmMm

AmZX H$mhr AmaM. gmYH$mbm Hw$R>bho r n[al_ Z H$aVm _yb~Y,
CS>r`mZ~Y d OmbYa~Y EH$X_ bmJVmV. Vo AmnmoAmn. AmB
Hw$S>{bZr Amn`m Cd_wI dmgmbm {ZKVmZm, gmYH$mbm
H$mS>H$Z VmR> ~gdyZ Q>mH$Vo. earambm VrZhr ~YmMr pWVr
m H$$Z XoVo Am{U Amnbm Cd_I
w _mJ AmnUM gwH$a H$$Z
KoVo. {hM Amho ew Am`m_mVrb _Om. hr gJir {H$`m,
hQ>`moJmZo gm` H$a`mg Iyn H$R>rU d Iyn bm~Mr. nU n.ny.
am_H$U _hmamOmZr gm{JVbo`m, {d{e> H$ma`m Zm_-On
{H$`o_wio Am{U amO`moJm_wio, gmonr d H$_r doimV gm`
hmoUmar. ""`mbmM ^{$`moJ hQ>bo Amho.'' am_H$U _hmamO
Amhm {e`mZm gmJVmV. `>rbm `m. {Z>oZo _r gm{JV`m
_mUo gmYZ H$am. Am_kmZ H$mhr Xya Zmhr. Am`m_ Iyn
gmono Amho. \$V g_OmdyZ KoVbo nm{hOo Am{U {Z>oZo Ho$bo
nm{hOo. Hw$R>o H$_r nS>bo Va _r AmhoM. o_i gXJw$Mr o_i
dmUr. nU AmhrM H$aQ>o. Am_`mH$S>o Hw$R>o Amho EdT>m doi?
Am`m_ g_OyZ `m`bm Am{U {Z>oZo H$am`bm?

AZw>mZm`m AmYr n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO, gmYH$mZm Amn`m

earamV Agbo`m fQ>MH$mMr _m{hVr H$$Z XoVmV. JV `mZ
AdWoV gmYH$mbm Oo AmV[aH$ AZw^d `oVmV, `mgmR>r
fQ>MH$mMr emmoV _m{hVr AgUo A`V Amd`H$ Amho.
r Agmo dm nwf. `oH$ _Zw` XohmV Hw$S>{bZr e{$ d fQ>MHo$
268 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

AgVmV. bhmZ _yb Oohm O_mbm `oVo, VohmM hr Hw$S>{bZr eVr,

Q>miy`m mao _Zw`m`m earamV doe H$aVo. bhmZ _wbmMm Q>miy
^a`mMr Wm, \$ma nydunmgyZ Amho. `mMo __ hoM Agbo nm{hOo. hr
Hw$S>{bZr eVr, _mUgm`m _ybmYma MH$mV OmD$Z Pmonr OmVo.
PmonVmZm gnm_mUo JmobmH$ma, gmS>oVrZ doQ>mo`mV pWa hmoVo. {Vbm
mUeVr Agohr hUVmV. gwYm, XwJm, _hmeVr B. ZmdmZr {Vbm
g~moY`mV `oVo. hr eVr Oar `oH$mMo earamV Agbr, Var Vr
gwmdWoV AgVo. {Vbm Oa OmJo Ho$bo Zmhr Va, Vr _Zw`m`m _`wn`V
VerM gwmdWoV amhZ, _J mUm~amo~a {ZKyZ OmVo. ZamMm Zmam`U
hmo`mgmR>r {Vbm OmJV H$aUo Amd`H$ Amho.
AmB Hw$S>{bZrbm XmoZ _mJmZr OmJV Ho$bo OmVo. (1) gmYH$mZo
dV: gmYZm H$$Z hQ>`moJmZo. (2) gXJw$ H$noZo e{$nmV H$$Z.
n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOm`m ^{$`moJmV Xmohr _mJmMo {_lU Amho.
Hw$S>{bZr eVr XmI{dVm `oV Zmhr. OmJV Pm`mZVa {VMm n[aUm_
gmYH$mMo earamda Am{U AVaJmV OmUdy bmJVmo. `m_mUo drO
XmI{dVm `oV Zmhr nU ~Q>Z Xm~`mda {Xdm bmJVmo. {V`m
n[aUm_md$Z {V`m ApVdmMr OmUrd hmoVo.
Amn`m earamV EH$Xa 72 hOma ZmS>m H$m`aV AmhoV. _|Xny mgyZ
Vo nm`m`m nmdbmn`V. H$mhr mgmMo MbZ dbZ H$aUm`m. Va
H$mhr aVm{^gaU H$aUm`m. _mZdr earamV Agbo`m A`
MoVZm eVrMo H$m`, m gd 72 hOma ZmS>mmao MmbVo.
`mVrb _w` ZmS>m BS>m, qnJbm Am{U gwfw Zm. S>m`m ~mOyMr
BS>m. earamV erVbVm amIUmar. CO`m ~mOyM qnJbm. earamV
CUVoMo {Z`U H$aUmar. Xmohr ZmS>m _ybmYmamVyZ {ZKyZ
AmkmMH$mn`V OmUm`m. nmR>r`m H$`mbm neyZ. {XdgmMo Mmodrg
Vmg, AmR> ha, `oH$ hambm dmg ~XbVmo. EH$Xm BS>oVyZ, EH$Xm
qnJboVyZ. `m_wio _Zw`mMo eara g_{eVmoU ahmVo. BS>m ZmS>r`m
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 269

MH$mV {~KmS> Pm`mg, WS>rMo AmOma. Va qnJbm ZmS>r`m MH$mV

{~KmS> Pm`mg, CUVoMo AmOma. mUm`m_mZo _Zw` mgmda {Z`U
m H$aVmo. gmh{OH$M `m`m gd `mYr Zmhrmm hmoD$Z, eara {ZamoJr
hmoVo. `mZ gmYZog, AmgZ{grg V`ma hmoVo.
BS>m Am{U qnJbm m XmoZ ZmS>m`m _YyZ OmUmar gwfw Zm
ZmS>r. _ybmYmamVyZ {ZKyZ ~aKmn`V OmUmar. earamVrb
fQ>MH$mZm ne H$$Z OmUmar. hr gwfwZm ZmS>r hUOoM AmB
Hw$S>{bZrMm, _ybmYmamnmgyZ ~aKmn`V OmUmam amO_mJ.
gwfwZm ZmS>rbm ~ZmS>r Agohr hUVmV. BVa doiog hr ZmS>r
H$m`aV ZgVo. AmB Hw$S>brZr OmJV Pm`mda, {VMo _ybmYma
MH$mV Agbobo ma CKS>bo OmVo. Am{U _JM Vr H$m`aV hmoVo.
AmB Hw$S>brZr O|hm Cd_mJmZo da OmD$ bmJVo, V|hm _mJmV
{Vbm ghm Q>no bmJVmV. `mZmM "fQ>MH$' Ago hUVmV. (1)
_ybmYma MH$ (2) dm{Y>mZ MH$ (3) _{Unya MH$ (4) AZmhV
MH$ (5) {dewr MH$ (6) AmkmMH$. Hw$S>{bZr eVr OmJV
hmoD$Z, gwfwZm ZmS>rVyZ m fQ>MH$mZm ^oXyZ, nwT>o ~aYmV pWa
hmoVo. `mM doiog Ordm {edmMo {_bZ hmoD$Z, _Zw`mbm
Am_kmZ $nr _moj m hmoVmo. Vmo OrdZ_wV hmoVmo. `mMr
H$_ ~YZo Zm{her hmoVmV. Mm`mer bj `moZt`m O_
_aUm`m MH$mVyZ Vmo _wV hmoVmo. `mbm nwhm dmgZo_wio O_
`mdm bmJV Zmhr.
1) _ybmYma MH$ - ho n{hbo MH$. _mH$S> hmS>m`m eodQ>`m
Q>mHo $mer. JwXma Am{U OZZ|r` m _Yrb {edUr`m {R>H$mUr. mMr
XodVm lrJUoe. `oWo Hw$ S>{bZr e{$ gnmH$ma, gmS>o VrZ doQ>mi
o o KmbyZ
gwmdWoV AgVo. m MH$mbm Mma nmH$`m AmhoV. gnyU earambm
m MH$mMm AmYma AgVmo. hUyZ mbm _ybmYma MH$ Ago
hUVmV. m MH$mMm bmoH$, ^ybmoH$ AgyZ AnmZ dm`w H$m`aV AgVmo.
270 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

mMo MH$, {Hw$Q> AgyZ JwU aOmoJwU Amho. Hw$S>{bZr eVr OmJV
Pm`mda gmYH$mV _hdmMm ~Xb hmoVmo. `mbm Am`m_mMr
JmoS>r dmQy> bmJVo. _moj _mJmMm AmoT>m dmQy> bmJVmo. mgmomg
OmoamZo gw$ hmoD$Z, earamg H$n gwQ>Vmo. {d{dY ZmX EoHy$ `oD$
bmJVmV. Hw$S>{bZr eVr _ybmYmamV OmJV Pmbr H$s, gmYH$m`m
JwX, ~Vr, A>r Am{U J^me` m, earamMo Mma AJmMr ewr hmoVo.
`mda Vm~m `oVmo. gwfw Zm ZmS>rMo _ybmYma MH$mVbo Xma CKS>bo OmD$Z,
OmJV Pmbobr Hw$S{bZr eVr, `mmao da gaHy$Z dm{Y>mZ MH$mV
OmVo.
2) dm{Y>mZ MH$ - ho Xwgao MH$. mbm ghm nmH$`m
AgVmV. ho MH$ _ybmYma MH$m`m da`m ~mOyg Am{U Zm^r`m
WmoS>o Imbr AgVo. m MH$m`m {R>H$mUr ~m m XodVo M
o o A{Y>mZ
AgVo. m MH$mMm bmoH$, ^ydabmoH$ AgyZ AnmZ dm`w H$m`aV AgVmo.
mMo MH$, lrhmQ> AgyZ JwU aOmoJwUM Amho. AmB Hw$S>{bZrMm
dm{Y>mZ MH$mV doe Pmbm H$s gmYH$m`m H$m_mXr dmgZmMm
j` hmoVmo. AhH$ma nU H$_r hmoVmo. m MH$mMr OmJVr Pmbr H$s,
dr`m}nmXZ, _moR>o AmVS>o, H$Q>rMm S>mdm ^mJ, JwXma, _moR>m
AmVS>mVrb {Yam{^gaU d AmoQ>rnmoQ> m earam`m ghm AJmMr
ewr hmoVo. `mda Vm~m m hmoVmo. OmJV Pmbobr Hw$S>{bZr eVr
dm{Y>mZ MH$mVyZ, da`m ~mOyg Agbo`m _{Unya MH$mH$S>o OmVo.
{VMm _mJ gwfwZm ZmS>r hmM AgVmo.
3) _{Unya MH$ - mbm Zm^rMH$ Agohr hUVmV. ~|~r d
nmR>rMm H$Um `mMo _Ymo_Y, _{Unya MH$mMo WmZ Amho. m MH$mbm
Xhm nmH$`m AgVmV. mMr XodVm {dUw Amho. m MH$mMm
bmoH$ dabmoH$ AgyZ g_mZ dm`w H$m`aV Amho. mMo MH$ JmomQ>
AgyZ JwU gdJwU Amho. nam dmUrMr Cnmr _{Unya MH$mV
hmoD$Z, da AZmhV MH$mV n`Vr, ZVa {dewr MH$mV
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 271

hUOoM H$R>mV _`_o`m $nmZo {VMm CX` hmoVmo. _J nwT>o

dIar`m $nmZo, {O^od$Z {VMm Cma hmoVmo. Zm_mMr Cnmr
_{Unya MH$mV hmoVo. Hw$S>{bZr eVr m MH$mV nmohmoMbr
H$s, gmYH$mbm Am_gmjmH$ma H$$Z `mdmgm dmQ>Vmo.
`mMr {V^m OmJV hmoVo. `mbm H$m` \w$aVo. gmYH$mbm
gadVr g hmoVo. m MH$m`m Xhm nmH$`m hUOo earamMr
Xhm AJo. dH$, `H$V, brhm, Am_me`mMm daMm ^mJ, _mZ,
_yqnS>, AS>H$moe, Am-daU, OR>a, bhmZ AmVS>o d _moR>o AmVS>o
`mMm gYr^mJ. gmYH$m`m m gd AJmMr ewr hmoVo d `mda
Vm~m m hmoVmo. Am_gmjmH$mamMr dmQ>Mmb `oWyZM Mmby hmoVo.
_{Unya MH$mVyZ OmJV Pmbobr Hw$S>{bZr eVr, _J AZmhV
MH$mH$S>o OmD$ bmJVo.
4) AZmhV MH$ - _{Unya MH$mVyZ {ZKmbobr Hw$S>{bZr eVr
AZmhV MH$mV `oVo. mMo WmZ X`mMo {R>H$mUr AgyZ `mbm ~mam
nmH$`m AgVmV. AZmhV MH$mV {ZJwU $nmZo ^JdVmMr dVr
AgVo. m MH$mMr XodVm _hoe Amho. m MH$mMm bmoH$ _habmoH$
AgyZ mUdm`y H$m`aV AgVmo. mMo MH$ AmQ>nrR> AgyZ JwU V_moJwU
Amho. Hw$ S>brZr m MH$mV `oD$Z nmohmoMbr H$s, gmYH$mbm H$mhr
{gr m hmoVmV. m MH$mV AmKmV Z hmoVm ZmX {Z_mU hmoVmV.
gmYH$mbm AZmhV ZmXmMm AZw^d `oVmo. `m`m Amem,
BN>mMm Zme hmoVmo. m MH$m`m ~mam nmH$`m hUOo earamMr
~mam AJo. COdo \w$\w$g, X`, S>mdo \w$\w$g, `yam, \w$\w$gmdarb
AmdaU, X`mMo ~m AmdaU, H$aZmoar aVdm{h`m, X`mVrb H$no,
S>mdr aVdm{hZr, X`mVb nmVi AmdaU, `j X` d X`H$_b
`mMr ewr hmoVo d gmYH$mbm `mMm Vm~m {_iVmo. Hw$S>{bZr eVr
`oWyZ nwT>o {dewr MH$mH$S>o dmg H$aVo.
5) {dewr MH$ - {dewr MH$mMo WmZ, AZmhV MH$mMo Oam
272 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

da hUOo H$R>m`m Ii`mV AgVo. m MH$mMr XodVm Ordm_m

Amho. ho gd {gtMo {R>H$mU Amho. ^JdmZ eH$amZo meZ Ho$bobo
{df, Amn`m H$R>mVM amoIbo. {dewr MH$m`m Imbr OmD$ {Xbo
Zmhr. `m_wio ^JdmZ eH$amMm H$R> {Zim hmoD$Z `mZm "ZrbH$R>'
Ago Zmd nS>bo. {df ImbMo AJmV Z Jo`mZo `mMr ~mYm Pmbr
Zmhr. m MH$mMm bmoH$ OZabmoH$ AgyZ CXmZ dm`w H$m`aV Amho.
mMo MH$, ^_aJw\$m AgyZ JwU V_moJwU Amho. Hw$S>{bZr eVr m
MH$mV nmohmoMbr, H$s Vo OmJV hmoVo. {dewr MH$ OmJo Pmbo H$s,
gmYH$mbm na_mZX hmoVmo. `mMo _Z d eara {ZamoJr ~ZVo.
^JdVmZo {Z_mU Ho$bo`m _m`oMm Zme hmoD$Z, gmYH$ gJwU
na_m`mMo XeZmg {g hmoVmo. m MH$m`m gmoim nmH$`m hUOo
earamMr gmoim AJo. H$dQ>r, S>moio, ZmH$, {Ohm, XmV, Xmohr H$mZ,
_|Xy, gnW, mgZ{bH$m, Vm|S>, Wm`amBS>, _mZoVrb amo{hUr,
_U`mH$S>o OmUmar h{Q>~b amo{hUr, X`mH$S>o OmUmar Z{bH$m,
mgZ{bHo$bm OmoS>Umar Z{bH$m. m gd AJmMr ewr hmoVo. gmYH$mMo
`mda {Z`U `oV.o `oWZy Hw$ S>{bZr eVr nwT>o da`m ~mOyg Agbo`m
AmkmMH$mV OmVo.
6) AmkmMH$ - AmkmMH$mMo WmZ H$nmimda, XmoZ ^wd`m`m
_`^mJr Amho. `m {R>H$mUr qhXwY_mV ~m`H$m Hw$Hy$ bmdVmV Vo
{R>H$mU. m MH$mMr XodVm Am_m Amho. m MH$mMm bmoH$ VnmobmoH$
AgyZ mUdm`w H$m`aV Amho. mMo MH$ ~aK AgyZ, JwU ewJwU
Amho. AmB Hw$S>{bZr eVrMo AmJ_Z AmkmMH$mV Pmbo hUOo
gmYH$mbm, AmkmMH$mVyZ H$memMo AZw^d `oD$ bmJVmV.
B>Xdo VoM,o gXJw $ Mo XeZ hmoV.o hUOoM gJwU gmjmH$ma hmoVmo.
EH$ H$maMr {X` >r m hmoVo. {Za{Zam`m XodVmMr, {g
nwfmMr XeZo hmoVmV. H$memMo AZw^d `oVmV. gmYH$mbm
Am`mMo kmZ hmoVo. Am_m hm XohmnmgyZ H$gm doJim Amho, ho
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 273

ghma/~aY

H$iyZ `oVo. m MH$mbm XmoZM nmH$`m AmhoV. `m_wio _|Xy`m

_hdmMo ^mJmda, gmYH$mMo {Z`U `oVo d Am`mMo d$n H$iyZ
`oVo. ho fQ>MH$mVrb eodQ>Mo MH$. gJwU XeZmMm A{^_mZ d {gtMr
mr, `m_wio gmYH$ `oWoM AS>H$Vmo. mM pWVrV a__mU hmoVmo.
gmh{OH$M Hw$S>{bZr eVr, AmkmMH$mVM AS>H$Vo. {VMm nwT>Mm _mJ
IwQ>Vmo. m {R>H$mUr g_W lmor` Am_kmZr gXJw$Mr gmYH$mbm
Amd`H$Vm ^mgVo. Ago gXJw$ Amn`m {e`mbm `mVyZ ~mhoa
H$mT>VmV. `mMoH$Sy>Z {ZJwU
mMr gmYZm H$adyZ KoD$Z, AmB Hw$ S>{bZrMm
~aKmH$S>o OmUmam _mJ _moH$im H$aVmV.

ghma {H$dm ~aY ho H$mhr MH$ Zmhr. ho AmB Hw$S>{bZrMo

gdm} WmZ. S>mo`m`m IiJrOdi, e|S>r`m {R>H$mUr. AmkmMH$
Vo ~aY, hm _mJ gbmoH$mVyZ OmVmo. gbmoH$ hUOo ZmJbmoH$,
MbmoH$, ZaH$bmoH$, dJbmoH$, {nVbmoH$, {gbmoH$, ZmXbmoH$ AWdm
g`bmoH$. m MH$mMm bmoH$ g`bmoH$ AgyZ `mZ dm`w H$m`aV Amho.
ghmYmamMm JwU {ZJwU Amho. ghma hUOo ghXb H$_i. Vo
~aYm`m WmoS>m Imb`m ~mOyg AgVo. `mV hOma nmH$`m
AmhoV. Hw$S>{bZr eVr ghmamV nmohMbr H$s, {V`m hOma
nmH$`mV \w$aU hmoVo. `m_wio gmYH$mbm gd earamda Vm~m
{_iVmo. AmB Hw$S>{bZr ghmamV AgVmZm, gmYH$mbm AZoH$
H$maMo {X` ZmX EoH$m`bm `oVmV. gJ`mV eodQ>r _oKZmX
EoH$m`bm `oVmo. `m ZVaM ghXb H$_im`m _` ^mJmVyZ
AmB Hw$S>{bZr ~aYmV doe H$aVo. ~aYmMr XodVm
"na_m_m' Amho. m na_m`m`m {R>H$mUr gmYH$mbm
274 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Am_gmjmH$ma hmoVmo. Am_kmZmMr mr hmoVo. mbmM

_ {VH$mam Z r "{Odm {edmMr ^o Q > ' Ago hQ> b o Amho .
^mdZm`wV ^Vr d gXJw$Mr H$nm, m_wioM gmYH$mMr
~aY gmYZm g\$i hmoD$Z Vmo gmYH$mMm {g hmoVmo. AmB
Hw$S>{bZr ghXbmV Jo`mda, gmYH$mMm mg AJXr _X
hmoVmo. Ord^md H$_r hmoVmo. Am{U AmB Hw$S>{bZr ~aYmV
nmohM`mda Ord^md Z> hmoVmo.
gmYH$mgmR>r am_H$U _hmamOmMo
AZw>mZ dJ

{Xdg|{Xdg `>rV `oUmam ^VJU dmTy> bmJbm. `mV VU

Am{U _`_ d`mMo r nwf gmYH$. AmVm `oH$mbm doJ doJio
_mJXeZ H$aUo, _hmamOmZm H$R>rU hmoD$ bmJbo. `mgmR>r gm_wXm{`H$
AZw>mZ dJ `mdo, Ago R>abo. `>rV am_H$U _hmamOm`m
{ZdmgWmZmMo _mJMo ~mOyg, Xw_Obr AZw>mZ _{Xa Amho. XmoZeo
_mUgo EH$m doiog ~gy eH$Vrb, EdT>m _moR>m hmb. Jo`m gmV AmR>
dfmnmgyZ, VoWo {Z`{_V gmV {XdgmM,o AZw>mZ dJ Ko`mg _hmamOmZr
gwadmV Ho$br. gnyU emmoV nVrZo ^{$`moJmMo _mJXeZ, dV:
am_H$U _hmamO H$aVmV. {XdmirMr gwQ>r, Chm`mMr gwQ>r, lmdU
gmh d BVa doiog, dfmVyZ 56 doim AZw>mZ dJmMo Am`moOZ Ho$bo
OmVo. dmMH$mZm `mMr H$nZm `mdr hUyZ, WmoS>`mV _m{hVr XoV
Amho. Imbrb {H$`ogmR>r `j _mJXeZmMr Amd`H$Vm Amho.
ZwgVo dmMyZ `mMm `moJ H$moUr H$$ Z`o. gm` Va H$mhrM hmoUma
Zmhr nU ZgVo earaXmof {Z_mU hmo`mMr e`Vm ZmH$maVm `oUma
Zmhr.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 275

A) W_ {Xdg
gmYmaUnUo 20 Vo 25 gmYH$ r nwf, AZw>mZmbm hOa
AgVmV. nhmQ>oMr H$mH$S> AmaVr Pm`mZVa gH$mir 8 dmOVm gd
gmYH$ AZw>mZ _{XamV O_VmV. gm_wXm{`H$ mWZm hmoV.o n{hbm {Xdg
eara ewrgmR>r amIyZ R>odbobm Amho. `moJmVrb ewrH$aU {H$`m
gmYH$mH$Sy>Z H$adyZ KoV`m OmVmV.
1) eIjmbU {H$`m CH$ibo`m nm`mV _rR> Q>mHy$Z Vo
nmUr H$mo_Q> Pm`mda, gmYH$mZm {n`mg {Xbo OmVo. `oH$ gmYH$
8 Vo 10 bmg nmUr hiy hiy {nVmo. _Yo VrZ Mma H$maMo `m`m_
gm{JVbo OmVmV. `m_wio nmUr earam`m N>mVrImb`m ^mJmV nmoQ>,
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ZVa A`m VmgmZo Q>m`boQ>bm OmD$Z, gd nmUr JwXmamVyZ ~mhoa
nS>Vo.
2) ObYmVr AOyZ Mma nmM bmg {_R>mMo H$mo_Q> nmUr,
gmYH$ hiy hiy {nVmV. gd nmoQ> ^$Z nmUr J`mn`V Ambo hUOo,
CbQ>r H$$Z Vo nmUr ~mhoa H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdo. CbQ>r H$aVmZm CO`m
hmVmMr XmoZ ~moQ>o nS>Or^oda Xm~br hUOo, nmoQ>mVbo nmUr \$mogZo
~mhoa `oVo. `m nm`mdmQ>o earamVbo Amb, {nm, gdH$mhr ~mhoa
nSy>Z nMZ {H$`oMm _mJ dN> hmoVmo.
3) ObZoVr ObZoVrgmR>r bQ>rH$Mo bm~ Vm|S>m`m, Zir
gmaIo ^mS>o dmnamdo. Xmohr nm`mda C^o amhZ _mZ WmoS>r da H$$Z
^mS>mVbo nmUr S>m`m ZmH$nyS>rV gmoSy>Z, COdrVyZ ~mhoa H$mT>mdo.
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ZmH$mnmgyZ Vo S>mo`mn`V, mg Z{bH$mMm _mJ _moH$im hmoVmo.
4) gyZoVr gyZoVrgmR>r H$WoQ>a hUOo EH$ H$maMr a~ar
Zir dmnaVmV. Vr Zir S>m`m ZmH$nyS>rVyZ Q>mHy$Z Vm|S>mVyZ ~mhoa H$mT>br
276 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

OmVo. _J ZirMr Xmohr Q>moHo$, Xmohr hmVmZr Y$Z, Zir nwT>o _mJo
Ho$br OmVo. _J CO`m ZmH$nyS>rVyZ Zir AmV Q>mHy$Z Vm|S>mVyZ ~mhoa
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d J`mMm ^mJ dN> hmoVmo. hr {H$`m CbQ> gwbQ> VrZ Vo Mma doim
H$amdr.
ho gd hmoBn`V gH$miMo 11 dmOVmV. gmYH$ ZmZ H$$Z WmoS>r
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K`mVyZ bdH$a AmV OmV Zmhr. hiy hiy Imdm bmJVmo. earamVrb
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AZw>mZmV gmV {XdgmMm Cndmg

W_ {Xder amr \$V EH$ bmg XyY {Xbo OmVo. nwT>Mo ghm
{Xdg Xwnmar 12 dmOVm, EH$ _wJmMm bmSy> d EH$ bmg^a XyY. amr
9 dmOVm nwhm EH$ _wJmMm bmSy> d EH$ bmg^a XyY. EdT>mM Amhma.
_Yo H$mhrM Im`Mo ZgVo. bmJob Vohm nmUr {nVm `oVo. gH$mi Xwnma
EHo$H$ H$n Mhm. A`m Cndmgm_wio earamMr ewr hmoVo. eara hbHo$
hmoVo. `moJ {H$`m_wio `moJmJr Xr hmoD$Z OR>amJr H$_r hmoVmo. ZdrZ
gmYH$mZm W_ XmoZ {Xdg mg hmoVmo. nU ZVa H$mhrM dmQ>V Zmhr.
AZw>mZmMo {XdgmV [aH$m`m doioV, gmYH$ _mi KoD$Z On H$aVmV.
`mZ H$aVmV. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m g_mYr _{XamVrb CnmgZog
hOa ahmVmV.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 277

~) {Vr` {Xdg
nhmQ>o MmabmM CRy>Z gd gmYH$ AZw>mZ _{XamV O_VmV. Q>O
o da
^bm _moR>m n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm \$moQ>mo R>odbobm Amho. W_
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CO`m ~mOybm amJoV C^o ahmVmV. gdOU {_iyZ gm_wXm{`H$ On
H$aVmV. (1) lram_ O` am_, O` O` am_ (2) Z_: {edm` (3)
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EH$m VmbmV On Ho$bm OmVmo. nhmQ>o nmM dmOVm gd gmYH$, g_mYr
_{XamV H$mH$S> AmaVr gmR>r OmVmV.
W_ g
A) nyaH$ `m`m_ gH$mir 8 dmOVm W_ g Mmby hmoVo.
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hm hoVy `oWo Zmhr. `mgmR>r `j hOa ahmUo Amd`H$ Amho. \$V
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(2) Q>mMmda MmbUo (3) nwT>o ~KyZ _mJ`m ~mOyg MmbUo. (4) H$mg
MmbUo (H$mr Mmb) (5) bJS>r (EH$Xm CO`m nm`mZo, EH$Xm S>m`m
nm`mZo) (6) H$mJm$ Mmb (7) ~oSy>H$ Mmb (8) _mH$S> Mmb (9)
H$mdim Mmb (10) JwT>`mda MmbUo. (11) S>mdm nm` da KoD$Z
IwMu AmgZ (12) COdm nm` da KoD$Z IwMu AmgZ. (13) H$~aoMo
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(Hw$S>{bZr OmJVrgmR>r Amd`H$) (15) CS>r _m$Z Xmohr Q>mMmda
^ma XoUo. (16) ~mgtJMm `m`m_ B.
~) `moJmgZo - Imbrb H$maMr `moJmgZo _hmamO H$$Z KoVmV.
(1) erfmgZ (2) gdmJmgZ (3) VmS>mgZ (4) ^wOJmgZ
278 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

(5) n{_mommZmgZ (6) nmgZ (7) dH$mgZ (8) ZmH$mgZ (nmR>rda

d nmoQ>mda PmonyZ) (9) ndZ_wVmgZ (10) hbmgZ (11) MH$mgZ
(12) gnmgZ (13) ^wOJmgZ (14) YZwamgZ (15) dOmgZ (16)
eb^mgZ (17) `moJ_wm (18) edmgZ B.
H$) mUm`m_ A`mg
n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO hQ>`moJmVrb, H$R>rU Aem mUm`_mMm
`moJ H$arV Zmhr. gmYH$m`m ZmS>r ewrgmR>r Am{U _Zm`m
EH$mJVgo mR>r bmJUmao mUm`m_ Am{U _wmMm A`mg KoVmV. Vo nwT>rb
_mUo. (1) H$nmb^mVr (2) bmo_-{dbmo_ (3) ^{H$m (4) mg
~mhoa H$mTy>Z nmoQ>mMr hmbMmb (5) Cd, AYmo, _` mUm`m_
(6) {eVbr mUm`m_ (7) ^m_ar mUm`m_, H$mamMo ZmXmV
(8) Am{Zr _wm (9) em^dr _wm (10) mZ _wm (11) qgh _wm
(12) dOmgZmV Z_Z _wm (13) AmZX _wm (14) IoMar _wm
(15) _yb ~Y (16) C{S>`mZ ~Y (17) OmbYa ~Y B.
{Vr` g
nyaH$ `m`m_, `moJmgZo Am{U mUm`m_m`m A`mgmZo gmYH$mMo
eara hbHo$ Pmbobo AgVo. AJmV Cgmh gMmabobm AgVmo. `mVyZ
Cndmg. gmYH$mMo mgmda {Z`U Ambobo AgVo. g_moa n.ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm, AmerdmX XoUmam _mo>m \$moQ>mo. bm~yZhr ghO
{XgUmam. g_moa g_W gXJw$ am_H$U _hmamO ~gbobo. A`m n{d
dmVmdaUmV {Vr` g Mmby hmoVo. ZdrZ gmYH$mMr CgwH$Vm {eJobm
nmoMbobr AgVo. gmYH$mMo eara hbHo$, Va _Z AmZ{XV Pmbobo
AgVo. _hmamO H$m` gmJVmV? Vo AmMaUmV AmU`mg gmYH$ V`ma
AgVmo.
eXmd`o g_mYr, AWmV {H$`m`moJ n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO
EH$ EH$ {H$`m`moJ g_OmdyZ gmJVmV. {H$`m`moJmMr gmYZm gJir
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 279

AmV[aH$. mgmda {Z`U R>odyZ H$a`mMr. _hmamO gmJVmV Am{U

gmYH$ {H$`m`moJmMo m`{jH$ H$aVmV. _hmamOmMo gJ`m gmYH$mH$S>o
~marH$ bj AgVo. H$moU Hw$R>o MwH$V Agbm, AmgZ pWVr ~amo~a
Zgob, Va _hmamO `m gmYH$m Odi OmD$Z hiyM `mV gwYmaUm
H$aVmV. gnyU dUZ H$aUo Ae`M. nU `m {H$`m WmoS>`mV Imbr
XoV Amho.
1) nmgZmV AWdm gwImgZmV ~gyZ, EH$drV Mma ~moQ>o AVamda,
g_moa EH$ ~marH$ dVy R>odbr OmVo. AmZX _woV, AY OmbYa
~Y (nmR>rMm H$Um VmR> nU _mZ qH${MV Imbr) bmdyZ,
g_moa`m dVyH$S>o EH$ Q>H$ nhmV 100 doim "\y$' Mm Cma
H$aUo. Vmo ~|~rVyZ nmoQ> nwT>o _mJo H$aV. m_wio _ybmYma MH$mda
AmKmV hmoD$Z, Hw$S>{bZr eVr`m OmJVrg MmbZm {_iVo.
2) ZVa S>moio ~X H$$Z `mM AmgZmV, mgmda "\y$'Mm Cma.
100 doim. bj _ZmZo Zm^rda.
3) N>mVrda W_ S>m`m hmVmMm nOm R>odUo. `mda CO`m hmVmMm
nOm R>odyZ N>mVr_Yo "{h_'Mm Cma 100 doim H$aUo.
4) `mM AmgZmV nU AmZX_woV ~gyZ H$R>mVyZ "R>_' Mm Cma
100 doim H$aUo.
5) AmZX_woV ~gyZ nT>{O^onmer "I_'Mm Cma 100 doim
H$aUo. hQ>`moJmVrb IoMar _woZo Omo bm^ hmoVmo VmoM bm^ "I_'
`m CmamZo hmoVmo.
6) Vm|S> ~X R>odyZ AmZX_woV ~gUo. AmkmMH$mda bj R>odyZ
"h_'Mm Cma 100 doim H$aUo.
7) Vm|S> ~X R>odyZ AmZX_woV ~gUo. ~aYmV "'Mm Cma
100 doim H$aUo.
`oH$ {H$`m`moJm_Yo nmM {_ZrQ>o AmZX_woV S>moio {_Qy>Z emV
~gUo. VodT>r {dlmVr Amd`H$ Amho.
280 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

8) ^m_ar _woZo H$nmimVrb Zgm _moH$`m hmoD$Z AmkmMH$mMr

ewr hmoVo. AmgZmV ~gyZ nmR>rMm H$Um d _mZ VmR> R>odUo.
Xmohr H$mZ Xmohr hmVm`m AJR>mZr ~X H$amdoV. Xmohr S>moio
Xmohr hmVm`m _Y`m ~moQ>mZr K> {_Q>mdoV. _J ^_amgmaIm
JJ... Agm XrKm}ma H$amdm. `m~amo~a O~S>mMr hmbMmb
H$amdr. Ago 3 doim H$amdo. bJoM ~X S>mo`mg_moa H$me
{Xgm`bm bmJVmo. H$memMo {Za{Zamio aJ {XgVmV. nU ho
gJwU XeZmVbo H$memMo AZw^d ZhoV. hr EH$ AmkmMH$m`m
ewrH$aUmMr {H$`m Amho. gmYH$mZr `m_wio haiyZ OmD$
Z`o. XrK `mZmZVa AmkmMH$m`m g_moa AgmM H$me
{XgVmo. Vmo Hw$S>{bZr eVr AmkmMH$mV nmohM`m ZVa.
9) f_wI_wm AmgZmV VmR> ~gyZ _mZ VmR> R>odmdr. Xmohr
hmVm`m AJR>mZr Xmohr H$mZ Xm~yZ YamdoV. hmVm`m Xmohr
n{h`m ~moQ>mZr, S>mo`m`m nmn`m ~X H$am`mV. Vm|S> ~X
R>odyZ ZmH$mZo XrK mg `mdm. bJoMM _Y`m Xmohr ~moQ>mZr
Xmohr ZmH$nyS>m ~X H$am`mV. Amn`m Hw$dVrZwgma AVaHw$ ^H$
H$amdm. _J ZmH$nwS>mdaMr ~moQ>o H$mTy>Z mg gmoSy>Z `mdm.
Ago VrZ doim H$amdo. bJoMM H$me d `mMo {Za{Zamio aJ
{XgVmV. hr nU ZmS>r ewrH$aUmMr EH$ {H$`m Amho.
VVr` g
VVr` gmV _hmamO MH$^oXZmMm A`mg gmJVmV.
1) nmgZmV AWdm gwImgZmV ~gmdo. AmZX_wm R>odmdr. hUOo
hmVmMm AJR>m d n{hbo ~moQ> EH$_oH$mda R>odyZ Xmohr hmV gai
_mS>rda R>odmdo. OmbYa ~Y bmdmdm. hUOo nmR>rMm H$Um
VmR> R>odyZ, _mZ nwT>o dmH$dyZ, hZwdQ>r N>mVrbm Q>oH$dmdr. W_
_ZmZo, _{Unya MH$mda hUOo Zm^rMH$mda bj R>odyZ, 108
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 281

2)
3)
4)
5)

doim ~rO _mMo Zm__aU H$amdo. Vo gmdH$me d Vm|S> ~X

R>odyZ.
ZVa S>moio {_Qy>Z AmZX_woV nmM {_ZrQ>o emV ~gmdo. _JM
nwT>Mr {H$`m gw$ H$amdr.
ZVa darb nVrZo AZmhV MH$mda bj R>odyZ 108 doim ~rO
_mMo Zm__aU H$amdo. Zm__aU hUOo Amn`m ~rO _mMo
Zm__aU. `oH$ gmYH$mMo doJio Agy eHo$b.
VmmM nVrZo H$_m H$_mZo {dewr MH$, AmkmMH$ d ~aK
`mda _ZmZo bj R>odyZ, 108 doim Zm__aU H$amdo.
ho gd Pm`mZVa S>mi
o o {_Qy>Z dW ~gmdo. bj mgmda H|$rV
H$amdo. mg _ybmYma MH$mVyZ {ZKyZ AmkmMH$m n`V, n{_
mamZo Ambobm OmUdob. naV nyd mamVyZ _ybmYma MH$mV
OmBb. Aem VhoZo _Z hiyhiy EH$mJ hmoBb. mg _X hmoD$Z
`mZ bmJob. AZw>mZmVbo Cndmg, ^{$^md d {H$`m`moJm`m
{H$`o_wio, ZmS>r emoYZ hmoD$Z bdH$aM `mZ bmJVo. {Z`{_V
gmYZ H$aUm`m gmYH$mZm, AZw>mZmV \$ma MmJbo AZw^d
`oVmV.

H$) VVr` {Xdg Vo ghmdm {Xdg

{Vr` {Xdgm_mUoM VrZ, Mma, nmM Am{U ghm`m {Xder,
VrZ gmV AZw>mZ KoVbo OmVo. Md`m {XdgmnmgyZ Cndmg Am{U
gmYZm, m_wio gmYH$mZm MmJbo AZw^d `oVmV. H$mhr gmYH$mMr
Hw$S>{bZr OmJV hmoD$Z, `m`m earambm H$n gwQ>Vmo. OmoaOmoamZo mg
bmJVmo. Zoh_r gmYZ H$aUm`mZm MmJbo `mZ bmJVo. `>rV gmV
{XdgmMo AZw>mZ Ho$`mZVa, gmYH$mMr ZH$sM JVr hmoV.o nwT>o gmYZ
T> hmoVo. gH$mir 8 Vo 12 W_ d {Vr` g. g`mH$mir 4 Vo 7
VVr` g KoVbo OmVo.
282 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

S>) gmVdm {Xdg

gmVdo {Xder gH$miMoM g hmoVo. Vo Odi Odi VrZ Vmg
MmbVo. n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO edmgZmV gJ`mZm AmS>do hmo`mg
gmJVmV. gnyU edmgZm`m pWVrMo _mJXeZ H$aVmV. _J
mUmH$eUmMr {H$`m gmJVmV. hiyhiy gmYH$mMr mUeVr, nm`mMo
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Amnbr MoVZm earam`m `oH$ ^mJmVyZ ~mhoa H$mT>br OmVo. gmYH$mMo
Wyb eara, IamoIaM edm _mUo {ZmU hmoD$Z OmVo. JV `mZ
AdWogmR>r `mMm Iyn Cn`moJ hmoVmo. gmYH$mZm doioMo ^mZ
ahmV Zmhr. EH$ H$maMm C_mX {Z_mU hmoVmo. Am{U ""~mZXr
bmJbr Q>mir'' Aer AdWm hmoV.o ho gd eXmV _mS>`mgmaIo
Zmhr. `j AZw^dmMr JmoS>r doJirM Amho. gmIaoMr JmoS>r,
gmIa Im`mZVaM H$iVo. H$mhr doimZo mUmH$fUm`m CbQ>
{H$`m gmJyZ, _hmamO gmYH$mMr mUeVr naV `mMo earamV
Wm{nV H$aVmV.
Xwnmar 12 dmOVm gXJw$ nyOZ hmoD$Z, _hmgmXmZo gmV
{Xdgm`m AZw>mZmMr g_mr hmoV.o gd gmYH$ EH$m doJ`mM AmZXmV
AgVmV. naV nwT>Mo AZw>mZ H$Yr Amho? `mMr MmH$er gw$ hmoVo.
AZw>mZmV Xa {Xder eodQ>`m gmV, n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO
dMZ H$aVmV. nMrH$aUmMo kmZ d Am_kmZ mr ho {df`, gmo`m
^mfoV gmYH$mZm g_OmdyZ gmJVmV. gmYH$m`m H$mhr eH$m Ag`mg
`mMo {ZdmaU Ho$bo OmVo. gmYH$ Amnbo `mZmVrb AZw^d _hmamOmZm,
d`{$H$ ^oQ>rV gmJVmV. _hmamO `m `mZmVrb AZw^dmMm `mo`
AW gmYH$mZm gmJVmV. gmYH$mMo AZw^d ho `m`m _ZmMo
pWVrda Adb~yZ AmhoV Am{U _ZmMr C pWVr, Jw$H$nm
Am{U T> gmYZ mda Adb~yZ Amho.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 283

n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo H$nmAmerdmXmZo M[amMo boIZ

VwV M[amMo boIZ H$arV AgVmZm, lr. O`V ^S>J `mZm n.

ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO Amnbo nmR>rer AmhoV, `mMm gVV `` `oV
hmoVm. n. ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo dMZmVyZ d ghO ~mob`mVyZ
gH$brV Ho$bob,o `m`m OrdZmVrb AZw^d. EdT>rM gm_wJr hmVmer.
nU {bhmd`mg ~g`mda gd KQ>Zm `j S>mo`mg_moa C`m ahmV
d gwMH$ eX ^am^a boIZrVyZ H$mJXmda CVaV. OUy H$mhr n.ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamO gmJV AmhoV Am{U O`V ^S>J \$$ {bhrV AmhoV.
`mMdoir AV:H$aUmVyZ \w$aU Pmbo H$s, Amnbr Jw_mD$br
n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO d Amn`m ghdmgm~b {bhmdo. WmoS>o
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Amkm g_OyZ Am{U dmMH$mMr j_m _mJyZ, _hmamOm`m AbmH$sH$
ghdmgm~b {b{hV Amho. gd _moR>no Um gXJw M
mM Amho. _mPo H$mhrM
Zmhr. \$$ ^m`.
n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO d lr. O`V ^S>J

1) n[aM` _r O`V nT>arZmW ^S>J. O_ 1231949.

AmO d` 63 df}. _`_ dJu` nU gw{d Hw$Qw>~mV O_. dS>rb lr.
nT>arZmW ^S>J. B.g. 1947 Vo 1981, _` aodoV {ghrb
BOrZr`atJ {S>nmQ>_|Q>_Yo ZmoH$ar. ~amMgm H$mi ^wgmdibm ZmoH$ar.
ZVa H$Q>Zr, O~bnya d _w~B `oWo. H$Q>Zrbm dS>rb d n.ny. am_H$U
_hmamO ~amo~a ZmoH$arg hmoVo. `mMm CoI nydu AmbmM Amho. AmB
284 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

gm. {Z_bm ^S>J. _mPo mW{_H$ d _m`{_H$ {ejU, _amR>r

_m`_mVyZ ^wgmdibm Pmbo. ~mbnUmVbo gd gH$ma AmBH$Sy>Z.
^wgmdibm AgVmZm n.ny. amOm~m~m, m Ad{b`m _hm`mMo
XeZ d ghdmg bm^bm. AmB-d{S>bmMr `mMdo a Iyn lm. `mMo
_mJXeZm _mUo lrjo S>hm `oWrb ZmW gXm`mVbo `moJr, n.ny.
ZJo_hmamO `mMo g_mYrMo XeZ. n.ny. ZJo_hmamOmMo na_{e` d
n.ny. amOm~m~mMo Oo> Jw$~Yy, n.ny. {dZmW _hmamO S>hm `oWoM
ahmV. `mZm d`mMo 20 do dfu, n.ny. ZJ_o hmamOmH$Sy>Z e{$nmV
{Xjm {_imbr. Jwam`mMo {g nwfmV $nmVa. `mMo XeZ d
ghdmg AZoH$ doim bm^bm. AmB d{S>bm~amo~a d`mMo 10 `m
dfmnmgyZ, lrjo S>hm `oWo OmUo `oUo. AmB dS>rb d YmH$Q>r ^mdS>o
Hw$. _Jb, {M. lram_ d Hw$. H$nZm `mMogh gd Hw$Qw>~r` dfmVyZ
23 doiog, S>hm `oWo OmD$Z ahmV Agy. n.ny. amOm~m~m ~aoM doiog
^wgmdibm Kar `oV. _wH$m_ H$arV. lrjo S>hm ho _hmam>mVrb
{dX^mV. dm{e_ {OmVrb _mboJmd Vmbw`mV. n.ny. {dZmW
_hmamO ho gXJw$ H$no_wio, ZmW nWr`m`m em~ar ^mfoMo
OmUH$ma hmoVo. `mZr _moR>o {d_{Xa S>hm `oWo C^mabo Amho. {deof
hUOo ~XodmMo _{Xa VoWo Amho. ~mbnU Ag`m_wio Am`m_ Z
H$i`mMo d`. \$V AmB d{S>bm~amo~a S>hm `oWo OmUo. XeZ KoUo,
IoiUo ~mJS>Uo EdT>oM. gV ghdmg Am`w`mV Iyn _moR>m AgVmo.
Vmo AmB d{S>bmMo nw`mB_wio _bm ~mbnUrM bm^bm. `mMoM
\$bd$n hUOo n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmgma`m g_W
gXJw$Mm bm^. Vo gmJ`mgmR>rM WmoS>o {df`mVa H$amdo bmJbo.
`m~b j_d. n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmZr B.g. 1991 `m gw_mamg,
lrjo S>hm m WmZmg ^oQ> {Xbr hmoVr.
n.ny. amOm~m~mZr B.g. 1962 gmbrM g_mYr KoVbr. `mdoigo
_r _amR>r B. 8 drVM hmoVmo. ~mbnUr ^wgmdibm AgVmZm amOm~m~m
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 285

Kar `oV. `mdoigo _m`mer Iyn {_dmZo dmJV. emioV`m d BVahr

Jmo>r {dMmarV. _r nU _Z_moH$ionUmZo `mMoer Jnm _mar. H$Yr
H$Yr Vo _bm, `m`m VmQ>mV Oodm`bm ~gdrV. EH$Xm _r emioVyZ
g`mH$mir Kar Ambmo. ghOM _m`m _ZmV, n.ny. amOm~m~mMm
{dMma Ambm. Z H$iV _r AmBbm hUmbmo, AmO amr amOm~m~m
Amnbo Kar `oUma AmhoV. AmB hUmbr, H$mhrVar gmJVmog! Jo`m
Mma _{h`mV amOm~m~m ^wgmdibm Ambo ZmhrV. `mMm H$mhrM nmm
Zmhr. Vo Zoh_r ^Vm`m H$`mUmgmR>r ^_U H$arV. _r g`mH$mir
bJoMM Ioim`bm {ZKyZ Jobmo. amOm~m~m~bMo ~mobUo nU {dg$Z
Jobmo. gmYmaU XrS> VmgmZo Kar Ambmo. Va H$m` Am`? amOm~m~m
`m`m Zoh_r`mM nmoemImV, nmT>ao dN> YmoVa d nmT>am eQ> m
dofmV IwMuda ~gbobo. _r `mZm dmHy$Z Z_H$ma Ho$bm. {dMmabo,
~m~m Ago AMmZH$ H$go AmbmV? `mZr _mPo nmR>rda OmoaXma Wmn
_mabr. Aao O`Vm, VwM _bm ~mobmdbog Am{U naV _bm {dMmaVmog?
_bm Ioim`bm Om`mnyduMm, AmB ~amo~a Pmbobm gdmX AmR>dbm.
hgV hgV hUmbmo, ~m~m _r Vo {dgabmoM. ~mbdmrM Vr. \$mago
H$mhr dmQ>bo Zmhr. nU AmB`m S>mo`mV _m nmUr Ambo. AmO _m
Vmo gJ AmR>dbm, Va J{hd$Z `oVo. n.ny. amOm~m~mZr Q>obr\$moZ
gmaIm gXoe _m`m _Zmmao AmBbm {Xbm hmoVm.
`mM doiog `mZr AmBbm gm{JVbo hmoVo, Vwhmbm 2526
dfmZVa EH$ gVnwf ^oQ>Vrb. Vo Vw_`m Hw$Qw>~mbm _mJXeZ Va
H$aVrbM. nU nMm~amo~a na_mWhr gwImMm H$aVrb. ~amo~a B.g.
1987 gmbr, A~aZmWbm n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO Ambo. Vo Am_`m
ahm`m Kar. gmYwdofmV. d{S>bmZm ^oQ>m`bm. V|hmnmgyZ Vo Am_`m
Hw$Qw>~mMo gXJw$ AmhoV. Vo AmOn`V. n.ny. amOm~m~mZr Vo nyduM,
Amn`m {X` >rZo AmoiIbo hmoVo.
~mbnU Ago gVghdmgmV, A`mgmV, Ioi`m ~mJS>`mV
286 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

{ZKyZ Jobo. O~bnyabm BboQ>rH$b BOr{Z`atJMm {S>bmo_m H$$Z,

_hmam>mV H$`mUbm ZmH$arg bmJbmo. BboQ>rgrQ>r ~moS>mV (MSEB)
1968 gmbr. ZVa H$`mU`m EZ.Ama.gr. H$nZrV. B.g. 1975
gmbr bJ hmoD$Z gm. gwb^m gmaIr _Z{_imdy Am`mp_H$ dmrMr
nZr {_imbr. nwT>o {M. _`waoe d {M. nwH$a m nwaZmMm bm^
Pmbm. AmB dS>rb d gd Hw$Qw>~
r`mgh nM Va gwImMm Mmbbm
hmoVm. nU na_mWmMo H$m`? n.ny. {dZmW _hmOmZr B.g. 1979
gmbrM g_mYr KoVbr hmoVr. nyOm-AMm, Ym{_H$ nwVH$mMo dmMZ
Mmby hmoVo. Am`m_mMr AmdS> dmT>rg bmJbr hmoVr. nyduMm n.ny.
amOm~m~m d n.ny. {dZmW _hmamO `mMm ghdmg AmR>dbm H$s,
J{hd$Z `m`Mo. ~mbnUmV H$mhr H$iV ZhVo. AmVm Amn`mbm
Ago gXJw $ ^oQ>bo nm{hOoV. hr Vi_i {Xdg|{Xdg Vrd hm`bm
bmJbr. gX J w $ Mo `j _mJ X e Z {_im`m{edm`,
Am`m_mbm gwadmV hmoUma ZhVr. ~mhoarb Xm{^H$ Jw$`m
H$hm`m EoH$m`bm `oV hmo`m. `m_wio _Z {dfU hmoD$Z Om`Mo.
XodmdaMr lm S>i_irV hmoVo H$s H$m`? Aer {^Vr dmQ>m`bm
bmJbr.
2) gXJw$ ^oQ> - gmYmaU B.g. 1987 Mm gw_ma hmoVm. EHo$
{Xder gm`H$mir A~aZmWMo Kar, d{S>bmZm ^oQ>m`bm lr. h[a^mD$
Omoer S>m|{~dbrhZ Ambo hmoVo. g`m _wH$m_ gmobmnya. `mMo ~amo~a
EH$ gmYwnwf hmoVo. _r ~mhoa ~R>H$s`m ImobrV Ambmo. `m gmYw
nwfm`m nm`mbm hmV bmdyZ Z_H$ma Ho$bm. ZVa S>moio da H$$Z
`mMoH$S>o nm{hbo. nmT>ar bwJr, `mda nmT>amew^ P~m. gmYmaU
eara`>r. 5&& \y$Q> CMr. JmadU. VoOnwO Moham. H$mir nmT>ar XmT>r.
S>mo`mda bmoH$arMr Ho$ear Q>monr. AmH$fH$ nU o_i, Am`mp_H$
db` Agbob, gmYmaU 5052 d`mM `{$_d _m`mH$S>o ~KyZ
hgV hmoV. _r ~KVM am{hbmo. `m AmmgZm_H$ hg`mV,
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 287

_mPo _Z hadyZ Jobo. EH$X_ _Zmbm gnU OmUdbo.

AVam`mVyZ Z H$iV OmUdbo H$s, hoM _mPo gXJw$. _mPr
nydnw`mB d Vi_i \$imbm Ambr. ^Vmbm ^oQ>m`bm
nmSw>aJM Kar Ambm. lr. har^mD$ Omoer `mZr AmoiI H$$Z {Xbr.
ho ""am_H$U _hmamO'' AUm~amo~a (_mPo dS>rb) aodoV H$Q>Zrbm
hmoVo. aodoV 23 df} gphg H$$Z doN>m{Zdmr KoVbr. 3 df}
{h_mb`mV gmYZm H$$Z naV Ambo AmhoV. hr gXJw$Mr AH$_mV
^oQ>. ""^m` \$imbm Ambo.'' m CVrMm g_nH$ AW `mM
{Xder _bm H$ibm.
3) gXJw$Mr _{Xjm - n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO A~aZmWMo
W_ ^oQ>rV ~mobVmZm hUmbo, _r g`m AmXw~abm ~mZX Aml_mV
AgVmo. {S>g|~a_Yo h[a^mD$ Omoer, AmR>dS>m^a ahm`bm `oVmV.
`mMo~amo~a Vwhr nU `m. gmYmaU XmoZ _{h`mZr h[a^mD$ Omoer
^oQ>bo d hUmbo, _r {S>g|~a 1987 _Yo AmXw~abm OmUma Amho.
Vwbm gwQ>r {_iV Ag`mg Mb. _r nU dfmMr am{hbobr gwQ>r {S>g|~a
_Yo KoVbr d Amhr XmoKoOU gmr EgogZo H$`mUhZ {ZKyZ,
{^bdS>r `oWo gH$mir ghmbm nmohmoMbmo. VoWZy ~gZo AmX~w abm Ambmo.
_mPr W_ doi hmoVr. Amhr ~mZX Aml_mV _hmamOmMo ImobrV
doe Ho$bm. Xhm ~m` ~mamMr Ow`m XJS>r ~mYH$m_mMr dN> Imobr.
gVaOr AWabobr. EH$m H$mon`mV Q>mod d WmoS>r d`nmH$mMr ^mS>r.
Xwg`m H$mon`mV n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO d n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamO
`mMo _mo>o \$moQ>mo. ~mOybm n.ny. ~miH$U _hmamOmMm bhmZ \$moQ>mo.
\$moQ>moImbr _amR>rV Zmdo {b{hbobr. g_moaM VobmMr g_B. _X H$me
XoV hmoVr. CX~mrMm gwJY Imobr^a XadiV hmoVm. dmVmdaU _moR>o
g hmoVo.
\$moQ>mo g_moaM n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMr, VoOnwO _yVu `mZmbm
~gbr hmoVr. Amhr Z_H$ma Ho$bm. S>moio CKSy>Z Zoh_r`m g
288 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Moh`mZo d o_inUo `mZr Am_Mo dmJV Ho$bo. dmgmMm erU

H$moR>`m H$moR>o {ZKyZ Jobm. `mo` {R>H$mUr Am`mMr _ZmMr Imr
nQ>br. Mhm, AmKmoir Pm`m. gXJw $ Zr dV: Ho$bo`m MhmMr
Md AOyZhr AmR>dVo. A_V `m``mgmaIo dmQ>bo. VgoM
bmOhr dmQ>br. `mZm gm{JVbo, Vwhr _mJXeZ H$am. Amhr
d`nmH$mMo ~Ky. Vo o_inUo hgbo. H$S>H$S>rV dam`mVb
hgU, \$maM _mohH$ hmoVo.
AmKmoir ZVa _hmamOmMr Onmbm d `mZmbm ~gm`Mr V`mar
hmoVr. lr. h[a^mD$Zm VoWrb nydmZw^d hmoVm. _mPr W_M doi.
_hmamO _bm hUmbo, Vwhr H$moUVm On H$aVm? _r hUmbmo, _hmamO
Iao Va AmVmn`V, _mi hmVmV KoD$Z H$moUVmM On Ho$bm Zmhr.
Am`mp_H$ dmMZ Ho$bo Amho. Xodm~b {ZVmV lm Amho. _hmamO
hUmbo, `oWo AmbmM AmhmV Va Zm__aU H$am. H$`mU hmoBb
.
_bm Iyn AmZX Pmbm. `j na_oaM hmV Y$Z aVm
XmIdrV Amho. _hmamOmMo H$moUmerhr ~mobUo, AmXamMo d
o_i. `mZo _r Iyn ^mamdyZ Jobmo. AmOhr 25 dfmZVa,
_hmamOmMm ^Vg_wXm` gmJam_mUo AWmJ Pmbm Amho. Varhr
m _hmnwfmMo ~mobUo MmbUo VgoM Amho. A{^_mZ Zmhr. Jd
Zmhr, Ah H $ma Zmhr. gJ`m mn { MH$ ^Vm n mgy Z Vo
gmYH$mn`V, _mJXeZmgmR>r {VM o_i ^mfm. gmYZ H$aVmZm
MwH$V Ag`mg, amJ A{O~mV Zmhr. VgoM o_inUo g_OmdyZ
gmJUo. Ago ho AgmYmaU `{$_d KS>dVmZm, na_oamZo
Amnbo gdd nUmbm bmdbo Agbo nm{hOo.
_r AmZXmZo hmoH$ma {Xbm. _bm g_moa ~gdyZ _mS>r Kmbm`bm
gm{JVbr. `m doiog _mPo eara ~moOS> hmoVo. ZrQ> _mS>rnU KmbVm
`oBZ m. _hmamOmZr gwImgZmV ~gm`bm gm{JVbo. dV:Mr _mi {Xbr
d _m`m H$mZmV ~rO _mMm Cma Ho$bm. amoO H$_rV H$_r
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 289

EH$ _mi On H$amd`mg gm{JVbo. OnmZVa mgmda bj

R>od`mg gm{JVbo. nwT>o `WmeVr Ong`m dmT>dmdr, hUOo
AZw^d `oV OmVrb. AZw^dmZo JmoS>r dmTy>Z, gmYZ dmT>rg
bmJob. Vwhr gmYZ H$am. _mPo bj Vw_`mH$S>o AmhoM. H$_r
OmV bmJob, `mgmR>r _r AmhoM. Ago gXJw$Zr AmmgZ
nU {Xbo.
W_ ~R>H$sV _r AYm Vmg ~gbmo. _Z EH$X_ emV Pmbo.
gmYZm`m AmZXmMr PbH$ {_imbr. _J {Z`{_V Zm__aU d `mZ
gw$ Pmbo. _hmamO hUmbo, _r n{h`mM ^oQ>rV H$moUmbm Zm_ XoV
Zmhr. Vw_`m ~b H$m` Pmbo, Vo g_OboM Zmhr. AmVyZM oaUm
Pmbr. nydO_mMr nw`mB d m O_rMm gVghdmg, ~mbnUmV
bm^bobm. m_wiM
o Ago g_W gXJw $ bm^bo. `m`m H$noZo mn{MH$
AS>MUtZm Vm|S> XoV XoV gmYZ H$_r OmV _mUmV Mmby Amho.
4) gXJw$ ghdmg - _r, lr. h[a^mD$ Omoer `mMo~amo~a
gVV 4 df} AmXw~abm, n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo Imobrda dfmVyZ
810 {Xdg gmYZogmR>r Om`Mmo. 24 Vmg gXJw$~amo~a amhZ
gmYZm H$a`mMo ^m` Amhmbm bm^bo. Vo {Xdg Amhmbm
dJmV am{h`mgmaIm AmZX XoV. nhmQ>o H$mH$S> AmaVr, Vmg^a
`mZ, _J Mhm. _hmamOmH$Sy>Z `m`m_, `moJmgZo d mUm`m_ {eH$Uo.
On, `mZ, `mZmgmR>r doJdoJ`m {H$`m {eH$Uo. gd {_iyZ
d`nmH$, ^moOZ. _Z_moH$ir Am`mp_H$ MMm. g`mH$miMo bm~
{\$am`bm OmUo. amr naV On, `mZ. gnyU {Xdg H$Yr gnV Ago,
Vo H$im`MoM Zmhr. _hmamOmMo _mJXeZ, o_i ghdmg gmoSy>Z naV
Om`Mo Ordmda `m`Mo. eodQ>Mm Om`Mm {Xdg Ambm H$s, _Z \$ma
{I hm`Mo. eodQ>`m {Xder ImobrV ~mgwXr Ho$br Om`Mr.
{MVio`m K> XyYmMr, Am`mp_H$ db`mV AmQ>dbobr ~mgwX r, IynM
dmXr> hm`Mr. {VMm gmX ^jU H$aVmZm, _ZmMr {IVm WmoS>r
290 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

H$_r hm`Mr. nwT>o H$Yr naV `m`Mo, `mMo ~oV AmIbo OmV. _hmamO
dV: nmohMdm`bm ~g Q>S>da `oV. `mdoiog EImm _wbmbm
{ejUmgmR>r Ka gmoSy>Z OmVmZm, d{S>bmZm {Zamon XoVmZm, Oo Xw:I
hmoBb `mMm AZw^d `m`Mm. AmXw~abm AgVmZm, am_H$U
_hmamOm`m doJdoJ`m nbyMo XeZ Pmbo. `mMm CoI Ho$`mdmMyZ
ahmdV Zmhr.
1) _hmamO Zm__aU, `mZ {H$`m W_ {eH${dVmZm Amn`m
B> XodVoMm \$moQ>mo, Amn`m _mS>r`m EH$ drV d Mma ~moQ>o AVamda
R>od`mg gmJV. VmR> ~gyZ nmR>rMm H$Um VmR> R>oD$Z, qH${MV _mZ
Imbr dmH$dyZ, g_moa`m \$moQ>moH$S>o EH$mJ {MmmZo nhmV, Xmohr hmVmV
_mi VmR> Y$Z On H$a`mg gmJV. W_ dIarZo ZVa Vm|S> ~X
R>do Zy _ZmV`m _ZmV, nU mgmda bj R>do Zy . m pWVrV On Ho$`mZo
_ybmYma MH$mda AmKmV hmoVmV. Vm|S> ~X Ag`mZo, Zm__aUmZo
{Z_mU hmoUmar CUVm earamMo AmV dmT>Vo. gmYH$mMr Hw$S>{bZr eVr
OmJV hmoD$Z {VMo CWmnZ hmoVo. `mbm AmZX hmoD$Z gmYZ dmT>rg
bmJVo. hmM _hmamOmMm ^{$`moJ. hUOoM ^{$`wV `moJ.
bmImo OnmZo Oo gmYV Zmhr Vo `mo` {H$`omam Ho$bo`m OnmZo,
\$maM bdH$a gmYVo. `moJmZo eara ew hmoVo. mUm`m_mZo ZmS>r
emoYZ hmoVo. Va Zm_OnmZo Hw$S>{bZr `moJ gmYVmo. {Mm ew
hmoVo d Hw$S>{bZr eVrMo YmaU H$a`mg gmYH$mMo eara {g
hmoVo.
_hmamOmMr ^oQ> hmo`mnydu Am_`m Kam`mMo XdV n.ny. ZJo dm_r
d n.ny. {dZmW _hmamO, lrjo S>hm, ho hmoVo. _bm _hmamOmZr
darb ^{$`wV `moJmMr {H$`m gm{JVbr. _r gwadmV Ho$br. g_moa
n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm \$moQ>mo R>odbm. nU H$mhr doimZo, _bm
g_moa {dZmW _hmamO {Xgy bmJbo. _Zmbm {dnarV dmQy> bmJyZ
`mZmVyZ bj CS>mbo. AmXw~abm n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO, _r d lr.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 291

h[a^mD$ Omoer `m`m _Z_moH$`m MMm hm``m. gXJw$ ~m~V

Am_Mm g`^mdM hmoVm. Vmo _hmamOm`m H$nmiynUm_wioM.
_hmamO hUmbo, {dZmW _hmamO H$m`? qH$dm Zaqghoa _hmamO
H$m`? XmoKohr EH$M. CnmVirda nmoMbobo _hm_o EH$_oH$mMm
H$YrM of H$arV ZmhrV. Vwhr {dZmW _hmamOmMm \$moQ>mo g_moa R>do Zy
On H$am. _r Ver gwadmV Ho$br. XmoZ {Xdg `dpWV Jobo. ZVa _bm
`mZmV, g_moa o_i gXJw$ n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOM {Xgy bmJbo.
~Km H$er J_V Amho! _hmamOmZm Vgo gm{JVbo. Vo qH${MV hgbo.
hUmbo, Vwhr bhmZ AgVmZm mW{_H$ emioV OmVmV. n{h`m
dJmVbo Jw$Or, Vwhmbm Iyn {` AgVmV. `mZrM Vw_`m {ejUmMr
gwadmV Ho$bobr AgVo. hm`Hy$b_Yo nwT>rb A`mgH$_mbm doJio
{ejH$ AgVmV. Vo nU Vwhmbm {` hmoVmV. naVw, n{h`m dJmVrb
Jw $OtZm Vw hr H$YrM {dg$ eH$V Zmhr. B amZo nU
^{$_mJmV`m gmYH$mgmR>r VerM `dWm H$$Z R>do br Amho.
Og Oer Vw_Mr gmYH$ AdWm nwT>`m nm`arda OmBb, Vg
Vgo Vwhmbm nwT>rb _mJXeZmgmR>r `mo` Jw$ ^oQ>Vrb. Vwhr
`mMm drH$ma Ho$bm nm{hOo. \$V emioV`m A`mgH$_mV
Y`Vm _mZyZ, nwT>rb nmoQ> J`wEeZMm A`mg Z H$aUo
_yInUmMo R>aob.
gmYH$ ~YyZmo, Ago ho, Amn`m H$`mUmgmR>r AdVabobo n.ny.
am_H$U _hmamO. `mZr _m`m _ZmMo nyU g_mYmZ Ho$bo d nwT>Mm
JVrMm _mJ gwJ_ Pmbm. ~YyZmo _bm AmnUmg gmJmdogo dmQ>Vo
H$s, Vwhr {H$Vrhr JVr H$am. nwT>rb _mJXeZ _hmamO
H$aVrbM d Vw_Mr `mo`Vm Agob Va `m`mgmaIo Am_kmZr
nU H$aVrb. `m`m gmaIo g_W gXJw$ AgVmZm, AmnUmg
BVa nhm`mMr JaOM Zmhr.
2) AmXw~abm Jw$ d `mMo XmoZ {_dmZo Agbobo {e`.
292 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

Am`mp_H$ MMm Iyn aJV. lr. har^mD$, ho Va _hmamOmMo

H$mboOnmgyZMo {_. _r `m _mZmZo XmoKmnojm 1516 dfmZo bhmZ.
ZwH$VmM m _mJmMr gwadmV Ho$bobm. WmoS>o\$ma dmMZ. nU AZw^dmZo
ey`. Varhr _r _moH$ionUmZo MM}V ^mJ KoV Ago. EH$Xm e{$nmVm~b
MMm aJbr. Jw$ nanaoV e{$nmV {Xjobm \$ma _hd. Am{XZmW
eH$amnmgyZ Jw$nanam Mmby Pmbr. lr. kmZoa _hmamO. Ho$dT>o bhmZ
d`! Oo> ~Yy lr. {ZdmrZmW _hmamOmH$Sy>Z e{$nmVmZo, gd kmZmgh
Am_kmZ mr. _r _bm _mhrV Agbobo CXmhaU {Xbo. lrjo S>hm
`oWrb n.ny. {dZmW _hmamO. B.g. 1959 Vo 1979 _mPm d{S>bm_i
w o
ghdmg d XeZ. Jwam`mMm _wbJm. m O_r Z dmMZ Z gmYZ. naVw
nydO_r`m H$_m_wio, `moJramO n.ny. ZJodm_r (d` gmYmaU 300
df}) `mMo H$Sy>Z, d`mMo 20 `m dfu e{$nmVmZo {Xjm m hmoD$Z
nyUdmbm Jobobo _hm_o. ZmW nWr` em~ar ^mfm AdJV. Iyn _moR>o
Am`mp_H$ H$m`.
_r d lr. h[a^mD,$ _hmamOmZm hUmbmo, _hmamO Amhr Vw_`m
BV`m OdiMo. Vw_Mo {e`. Vwhr Am_`m AmkmMH$mbm ne H$$Z
e{$nmV H$am. hUOo bJoMM Am_Mr Hw$S>{bZr eVr OmJV hmoD$Z,
Am_Mo gmYZ CpWVrbm nmohMob. n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO
Zoh_r_mUo qH${MV hgbo. hUmbo, _bm ho e` Zmhr. Ago
Zmhr. naVw A`m VhoZo H$mhrM gmYZ ZgVmZm, OmJV Pmbo`m
Hw$S>{bZr eVrMm AmdoJ, Vwhr ghZ H$$ eH$Uma Zmhr. eara
Am{U {Mm ew Zg`mZo, eVr ZwgVrM OmJV hmoD$Z eara^a
gMma H$aob Am{U {ZKyZ OmBb. Vw_`m gmYZobm `mMm H$mhrM
Cn`moJ hmoUma Zmhr. naVw earaXmof _m {Z_mU hmoVrb d O_mMo
nJwd `o`mMr e`Vm ZmH$maVm `oUma Zmhr. Aer ~arMer
CXmhaUo KS>bobr AmhoV. `mdoiog _hmamOmMo H$S>H$S>rV dam`
\$maM Vrd hmoVo. _ZmV Ambo AgVo, Va e{$nmV Pmbmhr
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 293

AgVm. naVw Ho$di {e`m`m H$`mUmH$arVm Vgo KS>bo Zmhr.

n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO nwT>o hUmbo, Vwhr ggmar _mUgo.
~M`mMo nmbZ Zmhr. Vw_Mo eara d _Z AmB Hw$S>{bZrg nob`mg
Ag_W Amho. Var hiy hiy _r gm{JVbo`m _mJmZo gmYZ H$am.
Zm__aU H$am. ^{$`w V `mo J mMm _mJ _w H$m_mbm
nmohM`mgmR>r Iyn OdiMm Amho. ggm Am{U H$mgdm`m
e`VrMr Jmo>, Vwhmbm _mhrV AmhoM. H$mgdmMm gW Am{U `mo`
_mJ Yam. _mPo Vw _ `mda bj Amho M . g_W gX J w $ Mo
AmmgZm_H$ eX EoHy$Z, S>mo`mV nmUr Ambo. gmYm nU
Ho$dT>m g_W CnXoe! Ho$dT>m a_Ur` hmoVm, Vmo gXJw$Mm 24
VmgmMm ghdmg! AmOhr AmR>dU Pmbr H$s _Z ^$Z `oVo.
5) Zm__aU d gmYZm - AmXw~abm 810 {Xdg, 24 Vmg
_hmamOm~amo~a ahm`bm {_im`Mo. Zm__aU d `mZ MmJbo hm`Mo.
Kar Am`mda naV mn{MH$ dmVmdaUmV, `mV {eWrbnUm `m`Mm.
BboQ>rH$b BOr{Z`aMr ZmoH$ar Ag`mZo H$m_o \$ma. Kar `m`bm nU
Cera hm`Mm. H$Yr H$Yr _moR>o ~oH$S>mD$Z Pmbo Va, amrnU H$nZrV
Om`bm bmJm`Mo. Zm__aU hm`Mo Zmhr. _ZmgmaIo gmYZ Pmbo
Zmhr H$s, _Z {dfU hm`Mo. dV:MmM amJ `m`Mm. gd gmoSy>Z
mdogo dmQ>o. nU _wbmMr {ejUo hmoVr. gd O~m~Xmar ~mH$s hmoVr.
_hmamOmOdi _Z _moH$io H$arV Ago. Vo hUV, Ogm na_mW hm
^JdVmMm Amho. VgmM nM nU ^JdVmMrM XoZ Amho. `m`m
BN>o{edm` PmS>mMo nmZ nU hbV Zmhr. `mbm Z {dgaVm,
nMm~amo~a na_mW H$am. _wbm~mimMr, nZrMr, AmB
d{S>bmMr O~m~Xmar gmoSy>Z niyZ OmUo, na_oambm A{O~mV
AmdS>Uma Zmhr. Vwhr Amho {VM ZmoH$ar H$am. doi H$mTy>Z
Zm__aU H$am. AS>MU Ambr H$s _mPoH$S>o `m. ahm. H$_r
Pmbobr na_mWmMr {eXmoar naV ^$Z `m. nMmVrb
294 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

AS>MUtZm Vm|S> Xo`mg {g hm.

n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOm`m H$noZo _Z Ago V`ma Pmbo hmoVo H$s,
nMmgmR>r H$mhrM _mJmdogo dmQ>V Zgo. _hmamOmH$S>o Jo`mda, _hmamO
{dMmarV VodT>oM nMm~b ~mobUo hmoB. _hmamO o_inUo KamVrb
gdmMr MmH$er H$arV. ~mH$s ~mobUo na_mWm~b, gmYZo ~b.
_hmamO, `mMo g_moa `mZmbm ~gmd`mg gmJV. doJdoJ`m {H$`m
gmJV. `m_wio _Z EH$mJ hmoB. `mZ MmJbo bmJo. AmZX hmoB.
dmMZmMr JmoS>r hmoVrM. dmMZ Mmby hmoVo. gVmMo EH$ dm` AmR>dbo.
""nM H$amdm bmJV Zmhr, Va Vmo maYmZwgma hmoVmo. nU
na_mW _m ZoQ>mZo H$amdm bmJVmo.'' AmnU _m CbQ>oM H$aVmo.
_hmamOmH$S>o OmD$Z VoM {eH$m`Mo.
B.g. 1991 nmgyZ _hmamO nyU doi `>rg ahm`bm bmJbo.
_J `mZr _bm d har^mD$ Omoer `mZm Xadfu `>rg `m, hUyZ
gm{JVbo. _r _w~Bbm, h[a^mD$ gmobmnyabm. nU ~`mM doim, Amhr
XmoKoOU R>adyZ EH$mM doir `>rg OmV Agy. H$Yr H$Yr EH$Q>o. doi
{_iob Vgm. `>rbm Jobo H$s 1012 {Xdg Var ahm`Mo. AOyZ
n`V Vmo H$_ Mmby Amho. h[a^mD$ ZmoH$arVyZ {Zdm Pm`mZVa, Xadfu
nyU lmdU _{hZm `>rbm `oVmV. gmYZ H$aVmV. gmYZ gmhmMm
AmZX KoVmV.
B.g. 1992 Mm gw_ma hmoVm. _r EH$Q>mM gwQ>r H$mTy>Z {S>g|~a_`o
`>rg Jobmo. _hmamOm`m XmoZ Imo`m hmo`m. `moJ _{XamMm nm`m
KmbyZ Pmbobm hmoVm. nwT>o \$V N>moQ>o d`nmH$Ka VodT>o ~mYbo hmoVo.
Anm Xodim Odi`m ImobrV ahmV. WmoS>o ^VJU `oD$Z OmD$Z
AgV. _r _hmamOmZm gm{JVbo. _{hZm^a gwQ>r H$mTy>Z Ambmo
Amho. Vwhr hUmb, Vgo ImBZ. Vwhr hUmb, Vgo dmJoZ.
Vw hr gm J mb, Ver gmYZm H$arZ. nU Xmg~mo Y mV
gm{JV`m_mUo amoH$S>m AZw^d Ambm nm{hOo. Vwhr Zoh_r
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 295

hUVmV. Zm__aU H$am. _r Vw_`m nmR>rer Amho. _r

B{OZr`atJMm _mUyg. ImoQ>m H$nZm H$aUo _bm O_V Zmhr.
Q>rH$bda {dmg. _{hZm^a gd ggma {dg$Z Ambmo Amho.
AmVmn`V Vwhr gm{JV`m _mUo Zm__aU Ho$bo. `mZ Ho$bo
nU AZw^d H$mhr Ambm Zmhr. \$V _Zmbm AmZX hmoVmo. AmVm
VwhrM _m`mda H$nm H$am. _hmamO Oamgo hgbo. hUmbo,
Vw_`m _ZmMr V`mar Pmbobr {XgVo. ZH$sM n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamO Vw_`mda H$nm H$aVrb. _hmamOmMo AmerdmXm_H$
eX EoHy$Z, _ZmMr Mb{~Mb H$_r Pmbr.
_hmamOmZr _bm amoO 11 hOma On H$amd`mg gm{JVbm. Vmo
EH$m {R>H$mUr ~gyZ gwImgZmV. _hmamOmZr ^{$`moJmV gm{JVbo`m
{H$`o _mUo. {XdgmVyZ VrZ Vo Mma ~R>H$sV, _r Vmo nyU H$am`Mmo.
EH$m ~R>H$sZVa bJoM `mZmbm ~gm`Mo. On H$am`Mm Vmo nU S>moio
{_Qy>Z _ZmV`m _ZmV. _hmamO AmV`m ImobrV Pmonm`Mo. _r
~mhoa`m ImobrV. On Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo g_mYr _{XamV qH$dm
_hmamOmMo ImobrV. Ogm ^VmMm dmda Agob Vgm. hiy hiy
_hmamOmMm ^{$gma dmT>V hmoVm. _moOHo$M bmoH$ {_aO, gmJbr,
O_IS>r d H$ZmQ>H$mVrb BVa ^mJmVyZ `oV. nhmQ>o CRy>Z _{XamV H$mH$S>
AmaVr d `mZ. amrMr AmaVr d ~mam A^J. m H$m`H$_mZm _r
hOa ahmV Ago. ~mH$s doimV On nyU H$am`Mmo. d`nmH$ KamV Jg
hmoVm. _r Aml_mgmR>r `oVmZm oea Hw$H$a KoD$Z Ambmo hmoVmo. _moOHo$M
gm_mZ hmoVo. ahm`bm {`mnH$s H$moUrM ZhVo. gwaoe _hmamO, lr.
{haUm (g`mMo o_mZX _hmamO), lr. dm{XamO, lr. Anm, am_H$U
_hmamO dV: d _r ahm`bm Agy. `oUmao OmUmao 24 ^VJU. lr.
ZmZm Omoer nU O_IS>rhZ {Z`{_V _hmamOm`m XeZmbm `oV.
Amhr gd {_iyZ _hmamOmMo _mJXeZm_mUo gmYZm H$arV Agy.
_hmamOm~amo~a Am`mp_H$ MMm Mmbo. _r ~Mba AgVmZm 45
296 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

df} hmVmZo d`nmH$ Ho$bm hmoVm. `m_wio _r d gwaoe _hmamO {_iyZ

d`nmH$ H$arV Agy. gH$miMm Mhm H$$Z, Amhr {VKo-MmKo
_hmamOm~amo~a AmKmoirbm OmV Agy. Vo ~Zh>r amoS>da Agbo`m
eoVmV`m {d{harV. AmKmoirbm OmVmZm `oH$ OU EH$ EH$ [aH$m_m
hS>m ~amo~a KoD$Z OmB. `oVmZm `oH$ OU Vmo hS>m ^$Z AmUr. da
Q>oH$S>rda MTy>Z Immda hS>m AmUm`Mm, hUOo X_ bmJo. _r N>moQ>r
H$ier `m`Mmo. nU gdmV _moR>m hS>m Agm`Mm, Vmo _hmamOmMo
Immda. _Zm~amo~a _hmamOmMr earaH$Vr nU gwT> hmoVr.
VoM nmUr Aml_mV {n`mgmR>r d d`nmH$mgmR>r dmnabo OmB. _r
nmo`m MmJ`m H$ar, Va gwaoe _hmamO ^mH$ar. Xwnmar 12&& dmOVm
d`nmH$ Pm`mda, Anm Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm Zdo Imbr XodimV
ZoV. Zdo XmIdyZ Anm da Ambo H$s gdOU ^moOZmbm ~gV. _r
`>rbm Jo`mda AnmZm Iyn AmZX hmoB. _mPo hmVMm gmYm nU
$MH$a d`nmH$ `mZm Iyn AmdS>o. H$Yr eod`mMr Ira Va H$Yr
{eam, Agm {deof ~oV, nmXwH$mMr nyOm Agob V|hm hmoB. g`mH$miMo
^OZ. amrMo ~mam A^J. EdT>m ^aJ H$m`H$_. nU `mV doi
H$mTy>Z _r 11 hOma On nyU H$am`Mmo. amrMo OodU _r KoV Zgo.
MmXm, nYam {Xdg Pmbo. _r ZoQ>mZo gmYZm H$arV hmoVmo.
_Z g hmoVo. nU AZw^d? `mMm _m bdboehr {XgoZm.
OnmMm, `>rbm ahm`mMm H$Q>mim `m`bm bmJbm. dmQ>bo,
gd gmoSy>Z {ZKyZ Omdo. ""ew Am`m_' hr H$mhr, Amn`mbm
O_Umar Jmo> Zmhr. _mPr Mb{~Mb _hmamOm`m bjmV Ambr.
amr Pmonm``m AmYr Amhr XmoKoM OU hmoVmo. _hmamO hUmbo,
EdT>mV H$Q>mibmV? _bm ZmoH$arVbo 15 df}. ZVa {h_mb`mV 3
df}, ZoQ>mZo gmYZm H$amd`mg bmJbr. AZV AS>MUtZm Vm|S> mdo
bmJbo. AOyZ Vw_Mr _{h`mMr _wXV nyU Pmbr Zmhr. Vw_Mr gmYZm,
^Vr, d`nmH$ H$aUo, ^mS>r KmgUo hr gd godm Zaqghoa _hmamOmZm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 297

{XgVo. Vo ZH$sM Vw_`mda H$nm H$aVrb. am{hbobm On H$$Z _r

g_mYmZmV PmonyZ Jobmo. `mdoiog _mo~mBb ZhVo. KaMm H$mhrM gnH$
ZhVm. AmB dS>rb Kar hmoVo. gdmMr H$miOr Ko`mg Vo g_W hmoVo.
KaMr AmR>dU nU `oBZm. _Z nyUnUo gXJw$ MaUr brZ hmoVo.
VZ, Vo Va `>rVM hmoVo. `>r`m n{d ^y{_V EH$ H$ma`m
VnmV _J hmoVo.
6) AVt{` AZw^d- Xwg`m {Xder amr 11 dmObo hmoVo.
_hmamO AmV`m ImobrV Pmonm`bm Jobo. _r ~mhoa`m ImobrV gVaOr
Q>mH$br. WS>r MmJbrM hmoVr. nmKam`bm hmoVo. nU AmO _mPm 1
hOma On am{hbm hmoVm. dmQ>bo, Cm H$amdm. AmVm PmonyZ Omdo. hUyZ
gVaOrda nS>bmo. nU Pmon H$mhr `oBZ m. _Zmbm g_Omdbo. _hmamOmZr
gm{JV`m _mUo dmJbmo Zmhr Va, AmVmn`VMo gdH$mhr \w$H$Q> OmBb.
VmS>H$Z CR>bmo. Zoh_r _mUo gwImgZmV ~gbmo. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m
XodimH$S>o Vm|S> Ho$bo. _mi hmVmV KoVbr. _Zmo_Z n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamO d n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMr mWZm Ho$br. Onmbm gwadmV
Ho$br. 24 {XdgmnmgyZ, nmR>r`m H$`mMo EH$X_ Imb`m ~mOyg
hmbMmb OmUdm`Mr. Zm__aUmV WmoS>r gwVr Ambr, Oam nmR>rVyZ
Imbr dmH$bmo H$s, EH$ A` eVr H$mS>H$Z gai ~gdm`Mr. naV
nmR>rMm H$Um VmR>. hZwdQ>r _mZo`m Imb`m ~mOyg Q>oH$bobr. nyU
OmbYa ~Y. {eV~ Zm__aU naV gw$.
_Zmbm Am{U earambm Ambobr _aJi `m amr EH$m
A` e{$Zo EH$m jUmV PQ>H$y Z Q>mH$br. _J H$m` {dMmaVm?
1 hOma On nyU hmoD$Z, _mi hmVmVyZ H$Yr JiyZ nS>br, Vo
g_OboM Zmhr. eara VgoM VmR>. {~bHy$b hmbMmb Zmhr.
_Z C_Z Pmbo. Vo ZVa H$ibo. `mdoig
o H$mhrM g_Obo Zmhr.
AmkmMH$m`m g_moa H$memMo db` {Xgy bmJbo. bmb, nmT>am,
H$mim. `mZVa {Zim aJ {Xgy bmJbm. ~amM doi {Z`m aJmMm,
298 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

gmYmaU EH$ go._r. `mgmMm q~Xy, AmkmMH$mg_moa pWa hmoVm.

_ZmMr AdWm? IynM \w${V. VodT>mV Vmo {Zim {R>nH$m,
_moR>m _moR>m hmoV Jobm. AmV Iyn Vrd MH$MH$sV {ndim H$me.
bm~`m bm~, AmJJmS>r`m ~moJmgmaIr Jwhm {Xgy bmJbr.
Jwho`m eodQ>n`V Vmo Vrd {ndim H$me {XgV hmoVm. EH$X_
~mOyZo ^JdmZ {dUwMr Zaqgh AdVmamVrb 78 \y$Q> CMrMr
_yVu g_moa Ambr. _yVuMo $n IynM CJ hmoVo. Vm|S> qghmMo.
~mH$s Xoh _Zw`mMm. Xmohr hmVmMr _moR> _moR>r ZIo. dmKm`m
ZImgmaIr. bm~M bm~. aVmZo _mIbobr. aV Imbr JiV
hmoVo. OUy AmmmM Xmohr hmVmZr, EImm amjgmMm nmoQ> \$mSy>Z
dY Ho$bobm. Vr _yVu, _mPoH$S>o CJ Moh`mZo ~KyZ Z` H$am`bm
bmJbr. Z`mMr VrdVm dmT>m`bm bmJbr. VmS>d Z`M Vo.
`mZmV nU _bm Vo ghZ Pmbo Zmhr. _r IynM Km~abmo. OmoamV
AmoaS>bmo, ""_hmamO.'' Vo `mZmV H$s `j? _bm H$mhr
H$iboM Zmhr. nU AmV`m ImobrV Pmonbobo _hmamO _m
CR>b.o ~mhoa Ambo. _mPr Km~abobr AdWm `mZm {XgV hmoVr.
gwImgZ VgoM hmoVo. `mZr Amnbm hmV _m`m _VH$mda
R>odbm. WmoS>mM doimV _r emV Pmbmo. S>moio CKS>bo. _hmamO
g_moaM hmoVo. `mZr {dMmabo, H$m` Pmbo? _r `mZmVbm gd
gJ gm{JVbm. _hmamOmZm AmZX Pmbm. O`Vm, AmVm Pmbo
Zm Vw`m _ZmgmaIo? bm~M bm~ Jwhm hUOo AmkmMH$m`m
nbrH$S>o OmUmar dmQ>. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr, Zaqgh $nmZo Vwbm
XeZ {Xbo. ^JdmZ {dUwM
o Zaqgh $nM ^`mZH$. {ha`H$eny
gma`m amjgmbm _ma`mgmR>rM Vmo AdVma. AmVm ZoQ>mZo
gmYZm H$a. ~arM am Pmbr. Om Pmon AmVm Am{U _hmamO
AmV`m ImobrV {ZKyZ Job.o `m`m nm`mda S>mHo $o R>do Zy Z_H$ma
H$a`mMo ^mZM am{hbo Zmhr. `mZmVrb `mMm AW, gXJw$
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 299

_wImVyZ EoHy$Z Iyn AmZX Pmbm. {Mmdmr ~h$Z Jo`m. `m

VrVM Pmonr Jobmo.
Cabobo Xhm {Xdg `>rVbr gmYZm Iyn N>mZ Pmbr.
~g`m ~amo~a `mZ bmJm`Mo. MmJbo MmJbo AZw^d. _r
am_H$U _hmamOmMo nm` Yabo. Vw_`m H$noZo _mPr `mo`Vm
ZgVmZm, Am`m_m`m AVt{` g>rV _r doe H$$ eH$bmo.
am_H$U _hmamO hUmbo, gVmZr Oo AZw^dbo VoM OJm`m
H$`mUmH$arVm gm{JVbo. gJwU ^mgUmam, {ZJwU {ZamH$ma
na_m_m Iam Amho. gmYwbm AmoiIm`bm gmYwM hmdo bmJVo.
VgoM na_m`mer OdirH$ gmY`mg, VerM Vrd gmYZm
H$amdr bmJVo. Vr nU gXJw$`m _mJXeZm _mUo. gXJw$Mo
AmerdmX Ag`m{edm` gmYZ g\$i hmoV Zmhr. {dkmZmMo
`moJ Ho$`mZVa, `mMo ` n[aUm_ gdmZmM {XgVmV. Vo
Wyb XohmZo. nU Am`m_mMo Vgo Zmhr. Zm__aUmZo {Mm ew
Pm`mZVa `mZ H$amdo bmJVo. Vo na_oamda nyU {dmg R>odyZ.
^{$^mdmZo. VaM _Z C_Z hmoD$Z, _Zw`mMm gy_ Xoh,
WybmnmgyZ AbJ hmoVmo. _JM `m gy_ Xohmmao, _Zw`mMm
AVt{` g>rV doe hmoVmo Am{U ^JdVmMo AmH$bZ hmoV.o _mPo
S>mi
o o nmUmdbo. _hmamO, Vwhr hUVm Vo Iao Amho. ^JdV emV
AmhoM. nU Amhr gmYH$M `mbm OmUyZ Ko`mg H$_r nS>Vmo.
n.ny. kmZoa _hmamOmZr, kmZoar`m ghm`m A`m`mV dUZ
Ho$bob
o o gd H$mhr Iao Amho. ho AmVm _bm nQ>b.o nwT>Mo Am`w` Vw_`mda
gmondbo Amho. gwQ>r gnbr. `>rhZ naV Om`Mo {Odmda Ambo hmoVo.
\$moZ H$$Z, Mma {Xdg gwQ>r dmT>dZy KoVbr. _hmamOmZr nyduM gm{JVbo
hmoVo. ggmamMr O~m~Xmar PQ>Hy$Z gmYZm hmoUma Zmhr. Vwhr naV
A~aZmWbm Om. nMmMr O~m~Xmar nyU H$arV, _wbm~mimMo
H$`mU H$am. Xodmbm {dg$ ZH$m. doi H$mTy>Z {Z`{_V gmYZ
300 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

H$am. dam` hUOo gd H$mhr gmoS>Uo Zho. _Z nMmV JwVy XoD$

ZH$m. ggmamVrb gwI Xw:ImMm _Zmda n[aUm_ hmoD$ XoD$ ZH$m.
AbrnUo ggmamH$S>o nhm. _Z na_mWmV pWa R>odm. gmYZo`m
AmZXmV _V ahm. am_H$U _hmamOmMm hm CnXoe, X`m`m
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naV A~aZmWbm Ambmo. ggmambm bmJbmo. nU Vo `>rVbo {Xdg
AmR>dV. doi H$mTy>Z gmYZm H$am`Mmo. \y$Vu {_im`Mr. dfmVZy 810
{Xdg gwQ>r H$mTy>Z naV `>rbm OmD$Z gmYZm H$am`Mmo.
`>r gma`m n{d, F${fVw` ^y{_V amhZ gmYZm H$aUo H$mhr
AmaM. Kar Zm__aU hm`Mo. nU `mZ bmJm`Mo, Vo `>rVM. nwT>o
34 dfmZr, AgmM `>rV _wH$m_ hmoVm. _hmamOm`m XmoZ Imo`mMo
da EH$ _moR>r Imobr ~mYbr hmoVr. VoWoM _hmamOmZr _bm d lr.
h[a^mD$ Omoer `mZm ahm`mg OmJm {Xbr. AmVm _hmamOmH$S>o `oUm`m
^VmMm AmoK dmT>bm hmoVm. `m_wio da`m ImobrV emVVoV, gmYZm
MmJbr hmoB. _hmamO H$moUr Zgbo H$s Amhmbm ~mobmdyZ KoV. Amhm
XmoKmZmhr ggmamMo H$mhrM _mJm`Mo ZhVo. mn{MH$ bmoH$m`m
AS>MUr EoHy$Z Am{U `mMo {ZdmaU H$$Z, _hmamO WHy$Z OmV. _J
Am_`m ~amo~aMo ~mobUo, `mZm {daJwim XoD$Z OmB. na_mW JWmVrb
dMZo, CXmhaUo, lr. h[a^mD$ gmJV. `mMo dmMZ Iyn XmS>Jo Am{U
A`mgnyU. _hmamO nU Iwf hm`Mo. N>mZ MMm hm`Mr. `mVyZ
_bm nU ~moY {_im`Mm. _r Pmonm``m AmYr Vmg^a `mZmbm
~gm`Mmo. {Xdg^amMr CnmgZm, am_H$U _hmamOmMm ghdmg. _Z
AmZXmZo ^$Z Om`Mo. amr `mZ MmJbo bmJm`Mo.
EH$Xm amr AgmM `mZmbm ~gbmo hmo V mo . g `mH$mir
_hmamOm~amo~a`m MM}V {df` hmoVm. gmYH$m`m gmYZo~bMm.
EH$mM O_mV gmYH$ H$mhr, nyUdmbm OmD$ eH$V Zmhr. gV VwH$mam_
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 301

_hmamOmZm gXoh dH$w R>mV Om`mgmR>r 28 O_ bmJbo. eodQ>`m O_r

Vrd Xm[a ghZ H$$Z, `mZr Amnbo maY H$_ gn{dbo. Va Am_`m
gma`mMo H$m` hmoUma? _hmamOmZr ^JdV JrVoVrb, lrH$UmZr
gm{JVbobo dMZ g_OmdyZ gm{JVbo. _m`m ^VmMr gmYZm, ^Vr
_r H$YrM \w$H$Q> OmD$ XoV Zmhr. hm O_ gn`mZVa _`yMo doiog,
gd gmYZm gH$ma KoD$ZM `mMm Am_m nwT>rb O_mV doe H$aVmo.
`m`m gH$mam_mUo _r `mbm _Zw` O_ XoVmo. Vmo ^{$`wV Hw$imV.
`mMo `moJo nydO_mVrb gmYZo`m nwT>Mr JVr, CVr, Vmo gmYy
eH$Vmo.
Amnbo nydO_mVrb gH$ma H$go AgVrb? _Z `mM {dMmamV
hmoVo. amr H$Yr `mZ bmJbo, Vo H$iboM Zmhr. _ZmMr C_Z AdWm
hmoD$Z, gy_mV H$Yr doe Pmbm Vo g_OboM Zmhr. _r EH$m {X`
A`m ZJarV nmohmoMbmo hmoVmo. dmVmdaUmV gJirH$S>o _X Agm
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`mMm AmhmX, VZ-_Zmbm g H$arV hmoVm. MH$MH$sV bm~bMH$,
$X Agm _hm_mJ. `mbm H$mQ>H$moZmV Xmohr ~mOybm Agbobo, gwXa
aVo. AmOy~mOybm gwXa gwXa ~JrMo. aJr ~oaJr \w$bmMr PmS>o. aJrV
H$maOo. _r AmZXmZo gd a`mda {\$aV hmoVmo. dmVmdaUmV _X Agm
gwJY XadiV hmoVm. _ZmMr gVm H$mhr AmaM hmoVr. _hm_mJmMo
eodQ>r ^` gJ_adar XJS>mMm _hmb {XgV hmoVm. dmVmdaUmVbm
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{R>H$mUr \$imMo ~JrMo hmoVo. H$Yr Z ~{KVbo`m dJu` \$imZr PmS>o
dmH$br hmoVr. Xmohr ~mOybm ~JrMm`m _mJo gwXa gwXa, N>moQ>r N>moQ>r
~JbodOm Kao {XgV hmoVr. `m KamVyZ ~mhoa nSy>Z ~arMer _mUgo
bJ~JrZo amOdmS>mH$S>o {ZKmbobr {XgV hmoVr. _r Oam nwT>o Jobmo.
{ZaIyZ ~{KVbo. Va H$m` Am`? Xod XodVm, Agam Am{U JYd
302 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

bJ~JrZo amOdmS>mH$S>o OmV hmoVo.

AmngmV ~mobV hmoVo. nU `mMr dJu` ^mfm H$mhr g_OV
ZhVr. gdm`m g _wm. `mMoH$S>o ~KyZM _bm Iyn AmZX Pmbm.
`m`m gdoXZm _Zmbm OmUdV hmo`m. doJdoJ`m aJmMo aoe_r H$X
Zogbobo. Jmo`mnmZ aJmMo. gmoZoar _wHw$Q> KmVbobo, AmH$fH$ Moh`mMo
Xod. `m`m ~amo~arZo MmbUm`m XodVm. gwX a nU gmodi Moh`m`m.
nR>UrgmaIo AmH$fH$ aJmMo nmVi Zogbo`m. bm~gS>H$ H$mio^moa
Ho$g. `m`m OmS>OyS> do`m. nmR>rd$Z _mJo H$~ao`m Imbn`V.
H$nmimda ^bo_moR>o bmb^S>H$ Hw$Hy$. OmoS>r OmoS>rZo Mmbbo hmoVo. _moR>o
gwXa `. JYdmMm nmofmI XodmgmaImM. nU S>mo`mda _wHw$Q> ZhVm.
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gm{h`. Va H$moUm`m hmVmV {Za{Zam`m aJm`m AmH$fH$ \w$bmZr
^abo`m, MmXr`m naS>m. H$moUr gwXa gwXa \$imZr ^abobr V~Ho$
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hmoVmo. _m`mH$S>o H$moUmMoM bj ZhVo. H$Xm{MV _r H$moUmbm {XgV
ZhVmo. Agam`m AJmda, _mZonmgyZ JwT>`mn`V nmT>ar ew^ gmS>r
JwS>mibobr. AmH$fH$ Jmoam aJ. H$miga aJmMo Ho$g. S>mo`mda
~wMS>mgmaIo ~mYbobo. Vm`mZo _wg_wgbo`m. hgV IoiV
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gwdUmMo AbH$ma. Va AgamMo J`mV Q>nmo`m _mo`mMr _mi. Xmohr
hmVmMo _ZJQ>mda, \w$bm`m _mim ~mYbo`m. gJio ` _moR>o
{dbmo^Zr`. nhmV ahmdogo dmQ>Umao. _ZmV Ambo, Amn`mbm `oWo
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 303

ahm`bm {_imbo Va {H$Vr ~ao hmoBb.

ghOM Oam ~mOy`m a`mbm Jobmo. EH$ _moR>m, MmXrMo ZjrH$m_
Ho$bobm XadmOm {Xgbm. Hw$Vwhb OmJo Pmbo. hbHo$M T>H$bbm. EdT>m
_moR>m XadmOm nU MQ>H$Z CKS>bm. AmV Jo`mda AmnmoAmn ~X Pmbm.
nwT>o Om`m{edm` J`Va ZhVo. AYwH$ COoS>mV MmbV Jobmo. W_
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KmU dmg AOyZ CJ Pmbm. d$Z _Zw`m`m, m`m`m {d>ogmaIr
KmU AJmda nS>m`bm bmJbr. ZH$mogo dmQ>m`bm bmJbo. Vr KmU
MwH${d`mgmR>r BH$Sy>Z {VH$S>o gamdam nim`bm bmJbmo. nU H$mhr
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OrdmMr AdWm _moR>r {~H$Q> Pmbr. VgmM nwT>o Jobmo.
H$mhr doimZo EH$ _moR>m hmb bmJbm. KmUrVyZ dmM`mgmR>r _r
AmV Jobmo. AmVm AJmda KmU nS>V ZhVr. nU dmVmdaU H$mhr
g ZhVo. 78 \y$Q> CMrMr, Hy$a Moh`mMr, H$mirH${^ _mUgo
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`oWM
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EH$X_ _mo>m XS>m, O{_Zrda AmnQ>`mMm AmdmO Ambm. _ZmV
^rVr XmQy>Z Ambr. Km~aV da ~{KVbo. EH$ ^bo_moR>o Z{jXma
Qy>bmgmaIo AmgZ. `mda EH$ {YnmS>, ~bXS>, H$mir^moa
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_moR>m AmH$mam`m, R>iH$ A`m gmo`m`m {^H$~m`m. ^`
H$nmi. AmS>do Imbr Am{U da C^o JY bmdbobo. VoOdr
304 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

S>moio. H$mio^moa, ~oVmMoM bm~ Ho$g. S>mo`md$Z _mJo KoD$Z

~mYbobo. H$mir^moa nU MH$MH$sV H$mVr. S>m`m hmVmV
bmH$S>mMm OmS>OSy > XS>m. `_XS>m gmaIm. MQ>H$Z _m`m bjmV
Ambo. ho Va "`_amO' _`yXodVm. _wm CJ hmoVr. H$m` _mhrV
H$er? nU _mPr ^rVr Zmhrer Pmbr. _r `mZm dmHy$Z Z_H$ma
Ho$bm. `_amO _m`mH$S>o ~KyZ g hgbo. _bm MS> AmZX
Pmbm. CO`m hmVmMm nOm, qH${MV Imbr dmH$dyZ `mZr
Amerdm X {Xbm. ~mo b bo H$mhrM Zmhr. `_Xo d Vo M o Vo
A{d_aUr` $n S>mo`mV gmR>dyZ KoVbo. {H$VrVar doi _r
`_amOmH$S>o ~KVM hmoVmo. AmOhr Vo ^` $n S>mo`mg_moa
Ambo H$s, _ZmMr gVm dmT>Vo. {Mmdmr \w${V hmoVmV.
_mPr _`wMr ^rVr nma Zmhrer Pmbr. Z{MHo$V Am{U `_amOmMm
Am_kmZmgmR>r Mmbbobm, H$R>mon{ZfXmVbm gdmX dmMbm hmoVm.
`mMr AmR>dU Pmbr. _`wZV a nmnH$_ Ho$bo`m Ordm`mbm, `_XyV
`mVZm XoV XoV {MJwmH$S>o KoD$Z OmVmV. Va nw`H$_ Ho$bo`m,
^Jd V mMr ^Vr, gmYZm, Ho $ bo `m Ordm`mbm, g_mZmZo
{MJwmH$S>o KoD$Z OmVmV. Am_kmZr nwfm`m dmJVmgmR>r
dV: `_amO `oVmV.
`_amOmZr OmoamV XS>m AmnQ>bm. _r `m`m XeZm`m VrVyZ
~mhoa Ambmo. CO`m hmVm`m ~moQ>mZo, `mZr EH$m Xadm`mH$S>o {ZX}e
Ho$bm. _bm ~mhoa nS>`mMr gyMZmM hmoVr. _r naV _ZmnmgyZ hmV
OmoSy>Z `mZm dXZ Ho$bo d XadmOm T>H$byZ ~mhoa Ambmo. EdT>m _moR>m
XadmOm ghOM CKS>bm. naV VoM dJu` dmVmdaU. Xod XodVm,
JYd, Agam, gd H$mhr VgoM. H$mhr jUmVM `mZ gnbo. gy_
Xoh WybmV {damO_mZ Pmbm. eara VgoM `mZ _woV pWa
hmoVo. _Z m gJ`m A{d_aUr` `mVyZ ~mhoa nS>m`bmM
V`ma ZhVo. hiy hiy eara nydpWVrbm Ambo. nU _ZmMm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 305

AmZX VgmM hmoVm. H$Yr Pmon bmJbr Vo H$iboM Zmhr.

Xwg`m {Xder gH$mir H$mH$S> AmaVr Pm`mda, am_H$U
_hmamO `m`m ImobrV Ambo. _r Imobr`m ~mhoa `mMr dmQ>M
nhmV hmoVmo. nQ>H$Z AmV {eabmo. _m`m \w${V Moh`md$Z `mZm
AXmO Ambm. hUmbo, `mZmV H$mhrVar AZw^d Ambobm {XgVmo`.
W_ nmgyZ eodQ> n`V, `mZmVbm AZw^d _hmamOmZm H$WZ Ho$bm.
_mPo _Z _moH$io Pmbo. _hmamO S>moio {_Qy>Z EH$mJVoZo gd H$mhr
EoH$V hmoVo. `mZm AmZX Pmbm. {e`m`m JVrZo Jw$Zm
gmpdH$ AmZX hmoVmo. ^Vm`m XoUJrZo gVmZm AmZX hmoV Zmhr.
Iam AmZX Va `m`m Am`mp_H$ CVrZoM hmoVmo. _hmamO
hUmbo, Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr Vw_`mda H$nm Pmbr Amho.
`mZr Vwhmbm EH$mM doir, dJ Am{U ZaH$ `mMm AZw^d
{Xbm. AgoM gmYZ H$arV ahm. Vw_Mo H$`mU hmoBb. _mPo _Z
^$Z Ambo. _hmamOmZm gm>mJ Z_H$ma KmVbm. n.ny.
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\$aH$M H$m`? XmoKohr EH$M. EH$ gy_ XohmZo H$m` H$aUmao. Va
Xwgao WybXohmZo H$m` H$aUmao.
Jw$H$noMm _r nwaonya AmZX KoVbm. `m AmZXmZo hmD$Z {ZKmbmo.
nwT>o H$m` hmoBb, `mMr _bm qMVm Zmhr. _mUgmbm gdmV _moR>o ^`
AgVo Vo _`wM.o nU `m ^`mnmgyZ _mPr gwQ>H$m Pmbr. Vr _hmamOm`m
H$noZM
o . Jw$ Amko_mUo ho gd {b{hbo. _ZmVrb ^mdZm `V hmoVmZm,
H$aU WmoS>o {dVV Pmbo. `m~b dmMH$mZr _bm j_m H$amdr.
am_H$U _hmamOm`m AmkoMo nmbZ d dmMH$mZm \y$Vu {_imdr hmM
_mPm hoVy. _r AOyZhr gm_m` gmYH$M Amho. n.ny. am_H$U
_hmamOm`m H$nm-AmerdmXmZo ^dgmJa V$Z Om`mMr _Zrfm
Amho. _hmamOmZr M[a boIZmgmR>r _mPr {ZdS> Ho$br. hoM
_mPo ^m`.
306 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO d lr. h[a^mD$ Omoer

lr. h[a^mD$ Omoer, ho am_H$U _hmamOmMo H$mboO_Yrb

ghH$mar. O~bnya nmgyZ XmoKohr aodo`m ZmoH$arV EH$ hmoVo. \$$
goeZ doJio. nU {_d AJXr JmT>. `mMm CoI nydu AmbmM
Amho. AmO h[a^mD$ Omoer `mMo d` 80 df}. _hmamOm`m gmYmaU
~amo~arMoM. AOyZhr Vo {Z`{_V `>rbm `oVmV. gmobmnyaMo Omoer
hUyZ Vo `>r`m ^VmZm n[a{MV AmhoV. lr. O`V ^S>J `mMo
\$_rbr ~amo~a, `mMm n[aM` 1956 nmgyZMm. n.ny. am_H$U
_hmamOm`m AmkoZoMo `mMo AZw^d WmoS>`mV XoV Amho. h[a^mD$ ho
^wgmdi, O~bnya d _w~BVrb aodo`m ZmoH$arV, lr. O`V ^S>J
`mMo dS>rb d. nT>arZmW ^S>J `mMo ghH$mar hmoVo. h[aH$^mD$`m
nZr d. {d_bVmB d _wbJr gm. gJrVm m gdmMm d ^S>J Hw$Qw>~ r`mMm
Jo`m 5758 dfmnmgyZMm Iyn Kamo~m. lr. h[a^mD$_wioM O`V
^S>J `mZm, n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo W_ XeZ Pmbo. B.g. 1991
gmbr har^mD$ aodo`m ZmoH$arVyZ {Zdm Pmbo. _J `mZr Amnbm
S>m|{~dbrMm _wH$m_ gmobmnyabm hbdbm. godm{Zdmr ZVaMo Am`w`
^JdVmMr CnmgZm, nyOm, AMm, Ym{_H$ nwVH$mMo A`mgnyU dmMZ,
`mZ, Zm__aU, mV AmZXmZo `VrV H$arV AmhoV.
am_H$U _hmamO B.g. 1981 Mo eodQ>r {h_mb`mVyZ naV Ambo.
`mZVa B.g. 1983 gmbr h[a^mD$Mr d _hmamOmMr ^oQ> Pmbr.
B.g. 1984 nmgyZ Vo AmXw~abm, _hmamOm`m ^oQ>rg `oD$ bmJbo. Vo
Iao hUOo _hmamOmMo ghH$mar Am{U {_. nU AmXw~abm _hmamOmMo
~amo~a ahm`bm bmJ`mZVa, `mZm _hmamOmMo gmYwd H$imbo.
AmXw~abm Mma {Xdg am{h`mZVa, `mZr _hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 307

KoVbo. Vo B.g. 1984 gmbr. _hmamOm`m W_ {e`mMm _mZ

`mZm {_imbm. AmO nU `>rV Oo> gmYH$ hUyZ gdOU
`mZm _mZ XoVmV. _hmamOm`m _mJXeZmImbr, h[a^mD$Mr
Zm__aU, `mZ gmYZm gw$ Pmbr. godm{Zdmr ZVa `m`m gmYZoZo
Omoa Yabm. B.g. 1992 nmgyZ Vo `>rbm, Xa lmdU _{h`mV
`oVmV. gnyU lmdU _{hZm amhZ gmYZ gmhmV CgmhmZo ^mJ KoVmV.
m d`mVrb `mMo gmYZmVrb {Z`{_VnUm d Am`m_mVrb kmZ
~KyZ VUmZm nU \y$Vu {_iVo. ~aoMgo VU gmYH$ AmnUhZ `mMe
o r
MMm H$aVmV. `mZm mn{MH$ d Am`mp_H$, XmoKmMohr _mJXeZ
h[a^mD$H$Sy>Z {_iVo.
`>rbm AgVmZm, 9 Z~aMo ImobrV h[a^mD$Mm _wH$m_ AgVmo.
O`V ^S>J nU `>rbm Am`mZVa, h[a^mD$Mo ImobrVM ahmVmV.
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`>rhZ O_IS>rbm OmV. am_ajm d JUnVr AWderf Vo bhmZnUm
nmgyZM amoO hUV. `>rbm AgVmZm Vo {Z`{_VnUo m gd VmomMo
nR>U H$aVmV. EH$Xm MVwWuMm {Xdg hmoVm. gH$mirM Imobrda JUnVr
AWderfMr AmdVZo Pmbr hmoVr. {Xdg^a _ZmV {dMma `oV hmoVo.
_r Va bhmZnUm nmgyZ JUnVrMr ^Vr H$aVmo. CnmgZm H$aVmo.
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_hmamOmMr ^Vr H$aVmo. hr _m`m Amam`XodVoMr, JUnVrMr VmaUm
Va Zmhr? JUnVrbm IMrVM amJ `oBb. _hmamOmnwT>o {df` H$mT>mdm
hUyZ _ZmV Ambo. nU O_bo Zmhr. amr _{XamV AmaVr Pmbr. ~mam
A^JmZm AOyZ doi hmoVm. VoWM
o g_mYr _{Xam`m Jm^m`mV `mZmbm
~gbo. _hmamO nU g_moaM `mZmbm ~gbo hmoVo. bmBQ> ZhVoM.
g_BMm AYHy $ H$me. Odi Odi AYmaM hmoVm. h[a^mD$Zm EH$X_
`mZ bmJbo. AmkmMH$mVyZ gm` H$me {Xgy bmJbm. g_moa,
308 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

hgV_wI Moh`mZo n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO qghmgZmda ~gbo

hmoVo. Vm|S> JUnVrMo, gm|S> Oam da H$$Z, h[a^mD$H$S>o ~KyZ
hgV hmoVo. S>mo`mda bmoH$arMr {ndir Q>monr. nmoQ> nU
JUnVrgmaIo _moR>o. Moham am_H$U _hmamOmMm. h[a^mD$Zm
Amo i I nQ> b r. ho Va Amnbo am_H $ U _hmamO. `m Z r
JUnVr$nr am_H $ U _hmamOm Z m Z_H$ma Ho $ bm. ~mam
A^JmgmR>r XodimVbr KQ>m dmObr. `mZ ^J nmdbo. h[a^mD$
^mZmda Ambo. ~mam A^J Pmbo nU h[a^mD$, _Zm`m `m
AmZXd$n bharV VrZ Pmbo hmoVo. Am`m_mVbo __ H$iyZ
Ambo. JUnVr Am{U am_H$U _hmamO H$moUr doJio ZmhrV.
Am_kmZr nwfmMo hoM Iao bjU.
`>rbm _hmamOmMo XeZmbm Iyn bmoH$ `oVmV. Vo _hmamOmZm
Amn`m mn{MH$ AS>MUr Va gmJVmV, nU earam`m `mYt~bhr
gmJVmV. _hmamO BVHo$ S>mQ>ar Cnm` Hoo$bo, nU JwU Zmhr. Vwhr
H$mhrVar H$am. am_H$U _hmamO nU `mZm, H$mhr Am`wd}XrH$ d H$mhr
AbmonWrMr AmfYo gmJVmV. H$Yr H$Yr {bhZhr XoVmV. H$mhr OU
naV `oD$Z, Vw_`m AmfYmMm MmJbm JwU Ambm hUyZ _hmamOmZm
gmJVmV. ~`mM doim h[a^mD$ _hmamOm~amo~a AgV. `mZm gmaIo
dmQ>o H$s, hr gJir AmfYo _hmamOmZm H$er _mhrV? ^VmH$S>o ~KVmM
`mo` AmfYo gmJVmV. _mJ`m O_r _hmamO, S>mQ>a Va ZhVo?
`>rbm Xwnmar MmaMr doi hmoVr. OodUmZVa ImobrV WmoS>r {dlmVr
Pmbr. h[a^mD$ Onmbm ~gbo hmoV.o OnmZVa _mi hmVmVyZ Imbr
JiyZ nS>br. `mZ bmJbo. `mZm_Yo _hmamOm`m ImobrMm,
g_moaMm H$>m {Xgy bmJbm. 78 ^V bmoH$ ~gbo hmoV.o _hmamO
g_moaM IwMuda ~gbo hmoVo. Zoh_rMmM bwJr Am{U P~m hm
nmofmI. S>mo`mda bmoH$arMr Q>monr. J`mV mjmMr _mi.
nU H$mZmda Q>oWmoH$mon. EH$ EH$ ^V g_moa `oV hmoVm.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 309

S>m Q>a$nr am_H$U _hmamO `m`m N>mVrda, nmoQ>mda, nmR>rda,

Q>oWmoH$monMr V~H$S>r R>odyZ VnmgV hmoVo. Zoh_rMr hgar _wm
ZhVr. Va S>m Q>amgmaIr J^ra _wm. h[a^mD$Zm Am` dmQ>b.o
`mZ gn`mZVa h[a^mD$ Imbr Jobo. IaM am_H$U _hmamO
Imobrg_moa IwMu Q>mHy$Z ~gbo hmoVo. g_moa H$mhr ^VJU hmoVo. nU
_hmamOm`m H$mZmda Q>oWmoH$mon ZhVm. h[a^mD$Zr `mZm~b
_hmamOmZm gm{JVbo. _hmamOmZr emVnUo gd H$mhr EoHy$Z KoVbo.
hUmbo, hr gd Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr H$nm.
EH$Xm `>rg nhmQ>oMr H$mH$S> AmaVr Pmbr hmoVr. AmaVr ZVa
h[a^mD$, _{Xamg_moa`m g^mJhmV `mZmbm ~gbo hmoVo. g_moa`m
~mOyg am_H$U _hmamO `mZmg ~gbo hmoVo. BVa Mma nmM ^VJUhr
hmoV.o g_mYr _{Xam`m Xadm`m g_moarb, Mma \y$Q> XrMr dmQ> Zoh_rM
[aH$m_r R>odbr OmVo. nhmQ> Am{U gH$mi `m`m_Ybr emV, g
doi. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m g_mYrMo Xmohr ~mOybm XmoZ g_`m _X
H$me XoV hmo`m. dmVmdaUmVbr n{dVm _Z g H$arV hmoVr.
har^mD$Mo S>mi
o o {_Q>bb
o .o _ZmMr C_Z AdWm. VodT>mV n.ny.
Zaqghoa _hmamO, g_mo$Z Xodim`m nm``m MTy>Z da Ambo.
nmT>ao YmoVa. {ndiga, bm~bMH$ JwT>`mn`V P~m. S>mo `mda
nmT>am \o$Q>m. AXmOo ghm \y$Q> CMr. H$nmimbm JYmMm {Q>im.
VoOn O
w Moham. am_H$U _hmamO d XmohrH$S>o `mZmbm ~gbo`m
^VmH$S>o ~{KVbo. WoQ> h[a^mD$H$S>o Ambo. Amn`m CO`m
hmVm`m AJR>mZo, h[a^mD$`m H$nmimbm Hw$H$dmMm {Q>im
bmdbm. ZVa hgV hgV g_mYrV OmD$Z {dbrZ Pmbo.
h[a^mD$Mo A>gmpdH$ ^md OmJV Pmbo. _ZmMm AmZX Va
{dMm$M ZH$m. Y` Pmbo. gXJw$`m gXJw$Zr, {e`m`m
gmYZobm, CnmgZobm _m`Vm {Xbr. AOyZ H$m` nm{hOo?
h[a^mD$Zr hm `mZmVbm >mV am_H$U _hmamOmMo H$mZmda
310 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

am_H$U _hmamOmMo {e`

lr. qZJamO _hmamO

KmVbm. gmh{OH$M _hmamOmZm AmZX Pmbm. h[a^mD$ AOyZ V_`VoZo

gmYZ H$$ bmJbo. d`mo_mZm_mUo eara WH$bo. nU _ZmMm Cgmh
EImm VUmbm bmOdob Agm Amho. gXJw$ H$nm hUOo H$m`
AgVo? Vo gXJw$_` hmoD$Z, gmYZ H$aUm`m {e`mbmM
H$iob.

lr. qZJamO _hmamOmMm O_, 1 OyZ 1961 amoOr eaU gmo_Zmi

m IoS>oJmdr Pmbm. {dOmnya {OmVrb N>moQ>ogo Jmd. `mMo nyU Zmd
qZJamO hZw_Vam` IZwa. `mZr B.Com n`V {ejU KoVbo. B.g.
1985 gmbr Vo, H$ZmQ>H$ gaH$ma`m H${f Im`mV ZmoH$arg bmJbo.
bhmZnUmnmgyZ `mMm H$b Am`m_mH$S>o hmoVm. O_IS>rMo lr. _hoe
Omoer `mMo _m\$V, `mMr ^oQ> n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOm~amo~a Pmbr.
B.g. 1986 _Yo am_H$U _hmamOmZr `mZm Zm_ {Xbo.
Zmo H $ar gm ^ miy Z AI S > 5 df} , `m Z r _hmamOm `m
_mJXeZm_mUo {Z`{_V gmYZm Ho$br. W_ S>moio, Vm|S> ~X R>odyZ.
EH$m ~R>H$sV VrZ hOma Zm__aU. gwadmVrbm Xmohr hmVmZr H$mZ
~X H$$Z Ko`mg am_H$U _hmamOmZr gm{JVbo. `m_wio ~m AmdmO
`oUma ZmhrV d _ZmMr EH$mJVm bdH$a gmYob. mgmda bj R>odyZ,
_ybmYma MH$ Vo AmkmMH$mn`V Zm__aU Ho$bo. AmnmoAmn mgmMr
b`, n{_ mamVyZ _ybmYma MH$ Vo AmkmMH$, Aer mg KoVmZm d
mg gmoS>VmZm, nyd mamZo AmkmMH$ Vo _ybmYma MH$ Aer Wra
Pmbr. Hw$ S>{bZr eVr OmJV hmoD$Z, C VrMo AZw^d `m`bm
bmJbo. am_H$U _hmamOmZr _J ~aKmMr gmYZm {eH$dbr.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 311

`m_wio _ZmMr C_Z AdWm Iyn H$mi {Q>Hy$Z, `mZ bmJy

bmJbo. ~mhoaMo AmdmO `oUo ~X Pmbo. `m_wio H$mZ ~X
H$a`mMr Amd`H$Vm am{hbr Zmhr.
Zoh_r n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo $n `mZmV `oD$ bmJbo.
`mMoH$Sy>Z qZJamO _hmamOmZm gm_` m Pmbo. {X` MjyMr XoUJr
{_imbr. dVy XeZ hmoD$Z Am`mer EH$$n hmo`mMr {dm m
Pmbr. ^V g_moa ~g`mda `mMo Ka, nydO_, nydOmH$Sy>Z hmoUmam
mg, ho gd qZJamO _hmamO {X` MjyZo nmh eH$VmV. n.ny. am_H$U
_hmamOm`m H$noZo `mMo {ZdmaUhr hmoVo. Vo ^Vm`m lo_mUo.
mn{MH$ _mUyg AS>MUtMo {ZdmaU Pm`mZVa, ^{$_mJmbm bmJmdm
hm `mMm Coe. am_H$U _hmamOm`m ^{$gmamV `mMm Iyn
_mobmMm dmQ>m Amho.
EH$Xm ZdammV, qZJamO _hmamO geVrVrb XodrMm nmR>
H$aV hmoVo. `mV VrZ hmoD$Z Jobo. g_mo$Z n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamO Ambo. Zoh_rMmM nmofmI. nU Moham Oam H$ dmQ>V
hmoVm. hUmbo, qZJamO H$m` H$aVmog? Zdam Mmby Amho. XodrMm
nmR> H$amdm Ago dmQ>bo. nmR> H$arV hmoVmo. Aao _r gm{JVbobr,
~aKmMr gmYZm H$a. Am_kmZmMr mr H$$Z Ko. Am_kmZ
Pm`mda AmnmoAmn gd Xod-XodVm g hmoVrb. Ago gmJyZ
Zaqghoa _hmamO A` Pmbo.
B.g. 2010 Mm gw_ma. am`~mJbm gmh gw$ hmoVm. qZJamO
_hmamO gmhmbm Jobo hmoVo. amrMm _wH$m_ am`~mJbm EH$m ^$mMo
Kar hmoVm. qZJamO _hmamOmMr ~hrU gm. eaU_m. `mX{Jabm ahmV
hmoVr. amr {Vbm dZ nS>bo. qZJamO `m`m JmS>rbm AnKmV Pmbm
Am{U `mV qZJamO `mMm OmJodaM _`y Pmbm. am^a {Vbm Pmon
Ambr Zmhr. qZJamO _hmamO, O_IS>r`m ^Vm~amo~a ZdrZ H$y er`a
JmS>r KoD$Z Ambo hmoVo. nhmQ>o H$mH$S>r AmaVr ZVa qZJamO `mZmbm
312 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

~gbo hmoVo. Vo MmJbo XmoZ Vmg. gH$mir ghmbmM eaU_mMm \$moZ

Ambm. qZJamO `mZmV hmoVo. EH$m ^VmZo \$moZ KoVbm. eaU_mZo
Amn`mbm nS>bobo dZ gm{JVbo. nU AnKmV dJao H$mhr Pmbm
Zmhr Am{U qZJamO gwI$n AmhoV, Ago H$i`mZo eaU_mbm AmZX
Pmbm.
BH$S>o qZJamO _hmamOm`m `mZmV, n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO
Ambo. hUmbo, g`mH$mir O_IS>rbm OmVmZm gm^miyZ Om. am`~mJ
aodo Q>oeZ`m Odi, Vw_`m JmS>r`m nwT>o, EH$ bmH$S>mZr ^abobr
~bJmS>r {Xgob. {Vbm AmohaQ>oH$ H$$Z nwT>o OmD$ ZH$mog. ZmhrVa
g_mo$Z `oUm`m Q>H$~amo~a Q>H$a hmoD$Z _moR>m AnKmV hmoBb. _moR>r
mUhmZr hmoBb. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr ^Vmbm gmdY Ho$bo hmoVo.
{VH$S>o ~{hUrbm nS>bobo dZ. qZJamO _hmamOmZr gJ`mZm
`mZmVrb h{H$H$V gm{JVbr d gmdY ahm`mg ~Omdbo.
gmhmZVa qZJamO _hmamO, BVa ^Vmgh Hy$er`a JmS>rZo
O_IS>rg {ZKmbo. gdOU gH$miMr Jmo> {dg$Z Jobo hmoVo. qZJamO
_hmamO JmS>rV g_moa`m grQ>da ~gbo hmoVo. IamoIaM JmS>r am`~mJ
aodo Q>oeZOdi Am`mda, g_moa bmH$S>mZr ^abobr ~bJmS>r
qZJamOmZm {Xgbr. EH$X_ gH$mir `mZmV, Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr
{Xbobm Bemam AmR>dbm. `mZr S>m`habm gmJyZ JmS>r Vm~S>Vmo~
Wm~dbr. Xwg`mM jUr g_mo$Z EH$ S>n a doJmZo {ZKyZ Jobm. AmohaQ>Ho $
Ho$bm AgVm Va, `mM S>na ~amo~a AnKmV ZH$sM Pmbm AgVm.
n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr Vgm n> gH$o V qZJamO _hmamOmZm `mZmV
{Xbm hmoVm. `m`mM H$noZo AnKmV Q>ibm hmoVm. gd ^VmZr
Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm O`O`H$ma Ho$bm. _JM JmS>r nwT>o
H$mT>br. gwI$n O_IS>rbm `oD$Z nmohmoMbo. qZJamOmZr gd
h{H$H$V am_H$U _hmamOmZm gm{JVbr. _hmamOmZr _Zmo_Z
Amn`m gXJw$Zm Z_H$ma Ho$bm. gy_ XohmZo n.ny. Zaqghoa
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 313

_hmamOmMo H$m` MmbyM Amho. mMr {MVr Zoh_rM `oV AgVo.

lr. qZJamO _hmamO g`m O_qIS>r `oWo ZmoH$ar H$aVmV. Amnbr
ZmoH$ar g^miyZ Vo am_H$U _hmamOm`m ^{$gmamV gH$s` hmV^ma
bmdrV AmhoV.
am_H$U _hmamOm`m ^{$gmamVbo
ghH$mar

lr. _oeAnm {_aOH$a, ho H$ZmQ>H$mVrb {haoHo$$a `oWrb

ahmUmao. H$ZmQ>H$ Q>oQ> Q>mgnmoQ>_Yo AH$mD$Q>Q> hmoVo. `mZr n.ny.
~miH$U _hmamOmH$Sy>Z Zm_ KoVbo hmoVo. `m_wio ZXoanmgyZMr lr.
JmoqdXamd d lr. _oeAnmMr _r. Jw$~YM
y Vo. lr. JmoqdXamdmH$Sy>Z
`mZm am_H$U _hmamOm~b H$imbo. `mMr {h_mb`mVbr gmYZm.
`>rVbm ^{$gma. Vo `>rbm `oD$Z am_H$U _hmamOmZm ^oQ>bo.
`mMo gmYwVw` `{$_dm_wio Vo ^m{dV Pmbo. `mZr Amnbo gd
Hw$Qw>~r` d Am {_mZm `>rbm AmUbo. `mV MV`Mo dS>rb lr.
H$moQ>anm OmoJma ho nU hmoVo. ZmoH$arVyZ [aQ>m`S> Pm`mZVa Vo am_H$U
_hmamOmZm KoD$Z gnyU H$ZmQ>H$mV {\$abo. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr
{H$Vu dmT>{dbr Am{U ^VrgmamV _mobmMm dmQ>m CMbbm.
lr. _mnm _YwaH$a ho _yiMo {haoHo$$aMo. gYZ `mnmar. g`m
h~irbm AgVmV. Amn`m gd Hw$Qw>~r`mgh Zoh_r `>rbm `oVmV.
Aml_mbm ^aKmog _XV H$aVmV. am_H$U _hmamOmda `mMr Iyn
^Vr. `mMmnU am_H$U _hamOm`m ^{$gmamV Iyn _moR>m gh^mJ
Amho.
Jwim^modVr _wJio Ogo AmnmoAmn O_m hmoVmV, Vgo Ag`
^VJU H$ZmQ>H$ d _hmam>mVyZ `>rbm Jmoim Pmbo. Am`m_mVbm
314 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

g. g. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr
gmJbr _R>mVrb _Z_mohH$, VoO:nwO _yVu

gmJbr _R>mVrb n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m

_yVu {V>mnUoMm gmohim

JmoS>dm, `>rV Ag`mZo Vgo hmoUmaM. A`m_mVrb JVr gmYyZ

Ko`mMo BN>oZo, AZoH$ gw{e{jV Hw$Qw>~o am_H$U _hmamOmH$S>o AmH${fV
Pmbr. Vo {Z`{_V `>rbm `oVmV. _hmamOm`m gmJ`m_mUo gmYZ
H$aVmV. `m gdmMr Zmdo, `oWo XoUo Ae` Amho. n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmZr noabo`m, ^{$_mJm`m ~rOmMo, AmO _moRR>m
djmV $nmVa Pmbo Amho. `mbm `mo` Vo IV nmUr {Z`{_VnUo
Kmb`mMo H$m_, `m`m AmdS>`m {e`mZo MmoInUo ~Omdbo
Amho.
AmO _hmam>mV _w~B, S>m|{~dbr, H$`mU, A~aZmW, nZdob,
nwUo, gmVmam, gmobmnya, Bbm_nya, nT>anya, ~meu, Hw$Sw>dmS>r, bmVya,
gmJbr, {_aO, H$mohmnya B. AZoH$ {R>H$mUr am_H$U _hmamOmMo
^VJU AmhoV.
H$ZmQ>H$mV `>r, O_qIS>r, _XaqIS>r, `H$Q>a_U H$hmoir,
H$bKQ>Jr, Hw$ir, {hnaJr, ~Zh>r, a~H$dr, _hmqbJnya, VoaXmi,
hm$Jrar, am`~mJ, hgwa, OJXmi, ZmdbJr, AWUr, EoJir, _wKmoi,
{dOmnya, ~oiJmd, h~ir, YmadmS>, ho~ar, hmdoar, amUo~owa,
{haoH$o $a, _mgya, AmZXnya, {eH$manya, Vw_rZH$>r, harha, XmdU{Jar,
{MXwJ, H$Sy>a, ~Jbmoa, hgnoQ>r, ~mJbH$moQ>, Jwb~Jm, gmdiJr,
{MH$moS>r, JmoH$mH$, am_XyJ, gmXmr, {eah>r, JwS>Jao r B. AZoH$ {R>H$mUMo
^VJU, {Z`{_VnUo `>rbm `oVmV. gdmZr n.ny. am_H$U
_hmamOmH$Sy>Z AZwJh KoVbm Amho.
am_H$U _hmamOmMo ""_mJUm`mbm _mJXeZ'' ho Vd
Amho. EH$Xm XmoZXm `>rbm `oUmam ^VJU, _w_wjw hmoD$Z
_mJ X e Z mMr A{^bmfm _hmamOm H $S> o `V H$aVmo M .
AmnAmn`m maYm _mUo Am{U gmYZo _mUo, gJ`mMr
mn{MH$ Am{U nma_m{WH$ CVr hmoV Amho.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 315

am_H$U _hmamOmZr ^{$ngmamgmR>r

WmnZ Ho$bobo n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo
Aml_/_R>

1) `>rMm _w` Aml_ d g_mYr _{Xa - 1 AmJQ>

1947 (lmdU ew nm{U_m) amoOr n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr nyd
gyMZm XoD$Z, O_IS>rV Amnbm Xoh na~VdmV {dbrZ Ho$bm.
`mZVa df^amZo `>r Aml_mMr gwadmV Pmbr. `mMr gnUy h{H$H$V
mny d uM M[amV Ambo b r Amho . n.ny . am_H $ U _hmamOm Z r
^{$gmamMo hoVyZo, ~`mM {R>H$mUr n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m
_R>mMr WmnZm Ho$br. `mgmR>r Amnbo VZ, _Z, YZ, gddmZo
gXJw$Zm AnU Ho$bo.
2) OJXmi _R> - `>rnmgyZ 3 {H$._r. AVamda OJXmi ho
N>moQ>ogo Jmd. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo n>{e` lr. {Omnm OZ.
`mMm CoI mnydu ~`mM doim Ambm Amho. `>r Aml_m`m
WmnZoMo gd lo` {OmnmH$S>o OmVo. IdQ>H$mon gmoSy>Z Vo `>rV
Ambo. ZVa g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm ^{$gma H$arV. `m doiog
Vo `mnmamgmR>r OJXmibm OmV. `mnmam~amo~a ^{$gma nU H$arV.
bmoH$mZm Zm__aU H$a`mg gmJV. ~`mM bmoH$mZm `mMo MmJbo
AZw^d Ambo. gnyU OJXmi Jmd `mZm "{Ooa _hmamO' hUyZ
AmoiIy bmJbm. B.g. 1995 gmbr n.ny. {Ooa _hmamOm`m
nwT>mH$mamZo, OJXmibm n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m _R>mMr WmnZm
Pmbr. lr. Jmo~mUr eoQ> d BVa ^VJUmZr, _R>mbm gH$s` _XV
Ho$br. g`m _YyZ _YyZ Hw$Sw> _R>mVyZ `oD$Z lr. gwaoe _hmamO VoWrb
`dWm ~KVmV. `>r, Aml_m_mUoM {Z` CnmgZm MmbVo.
Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m _yVug_moaM, ~mhoa`m ~mOybm n.ny. {Ooa
316 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hmamOmMr g_mYr d _yVu Amho. dm{fH$ Cgdhr hmoVmV.

3) hmdoar _R> - W_ hmdoar`m Odi {haoHo$$a `oWrb {d>b
_{XamV, n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr CnmgZm Mmbo. n.ny. am_H$U
_hmamO, ^Vm`m ~mobmd`md$Z VoWo OmV. VoWrb ^VmZm am_H$U
_hmamOmMo MmJbo AZw^d Ambo. ~`mM ^VmZr Zm_ KoVbo. hmdoar
VmbwH$m nMm`V H${_Q>r`m A`j ~mB Iyn AmOmar hmo`m. EH$m
^VmZo `mZm am_H$U _hmamOmH$S>o AmUbo. _hmamOm`m H$noZo `m
AmOmanUmVyZ nyU ~`m Pm`m. hmdoar `oWrb lr. ~Xm_rZmBH$mMr
9 JwR> o OmJm, ZJanm{bHo$Zo KoVbr hmoVr. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m
_R>mMm Q>Q> WmnZ H$a`mV Ambm. A`j ~mB`m IQ>mQ>monr_wio
Vr 9 JwR> o OmJm, ZJanm{bHo$V R>amd H$$Z Q>Q>`m ZmdmZo H$a`mV
Ambr. `mM OmJoda B.g. 2000 gmbr ^` _R> ~mY`mV Ambm.
hmdoar _R>mMr OmJm hZJb amoS>da, H$U_{XamMo eoOmarM Amho. ~mhoa
Jmd`m ^VmgmR>r, ahm`mMr `dWm H$a`mV Ambr Amho. XZ{XZ
{Z` CnmgZm MmbVo. Xa dfu H$moOm{Jar nm{U_obm d Xa _o _{h`mV
XmoZ {XdgmMm dm{fH$ Cgd gmOam Ho$bm OmVmo. n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO
AmdOyZ dm{fH$ Cgdmbm hOa AgVmV.
4) EoJir _R> - EoJirMm Aml_ Iyn OwZm. B.g. 1932
gmbr n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO, am_H$U _hmamOmMo dS>rb lr.
b_Uamd Hw$bH$Uu d H$mH$m lr. JwS>monV Hw$bH$Uu `mMo eoVmV ahmV
AgVmZm WmnZ Ho$bobm. W_ Aml_ AJXrM bhmZ hmoVm. B.g.
2008 gmbr n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmZr EoJir`m Aml_mMm OrUm}ma
Ho$bm. _R>mMr 6 JwS>o OmJm am_H$U _hmamOmMo Zmdmda Amho.
_hmamOmZr dIMmZo _moR>o _{Xa ~mYyZ, Amn`m gXJw$`m _yVuMr
{V>mnZm Ho$br. {Z` CnmgZm MmbVo. EoJir`m lr. Zaqgh Hw$bH$Uu
`mZr ~aoM dfmnmgyZ XmgZd_r hUOo am_Xmg dm_t`m nw`{VWrMm
gmh Mmby Ho$bm. Vmo AmOhr Xadfu gmOam Ho$bm OmVmo. n.ny. am_H$U
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 317

_hmamO AmdOyZ CnpWV AgVmV.

5) gmJbr _R> - {_aO gmJbr amoS>da, MV` JmS>Z ~g
Q>mn Odi, Eg.Q>r. _hm_S>imMo dH$emn Amho. `m`m ~mOybm
MXZdmS>rV, JOmZZ hmD$gtJ gmogm`Q>r Amho. VoWrb 3 JwR>o OmJm,
n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOm`m AZwJhrV gm. AbH$mVmB gw^mf gmaS>m
`mMo _mbH$sMr hmoVr. Vr `mZr _R>mgmR>r, am_H$U _hmamOmMo Zmdmda
Ho$br. bJoMM B.g. 2007 gmbr, `m {R>H$mUr n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMm _R> ~mY`mV Ambm. _hmamOmMr gwXa _yVu O`nyahZ
AmU`mV Ambr. am_H$U _hmamOm`m hVo {V>mnZm H$a`mV
`oD$Z, AmO ^` Agm _R> `m {R>H$mUr {XgVmo. {Z` CnmgZm MmbVo.
^aJ Ago dm{fH$ Cgd gmOao Ho$bo OmVmV. `mV n.ny. ^mD$gmho~
_hmamOmMr nw`{VWr, am_Zd_r (n.ny. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmMm
O_{Xdg) ho _wI AmhoV. lr. dm{XamO _hmamOm`m nw`{VWr`m
{Xder Jw$nm{U_m gmOar Ho$br OmVo. am_H$U _hmamOm{edm`
gmJbr`m ^VmMo nmZhr hbV Zmhr. gmh{OH$M `oH$ dm{fH$
Cgdmbm am_H$U _hmamOmMr CnpWVr AgVoM. Xa _{h`m`m
nm{U_obm gmJbr d {_aO `oWrb ^$JU _R>m_Yo EH$ O_VmV.
CnmgZm, Xmg~moY dmMZ, AmaVr, lr. Anm Ho$iH$a _hmamOmMo dMZ
hmoD$Z _hmgmX hmoVmo. 60 Vo 70 ^$JU hOa AgVmV.
6) O_IS>r _R> - O_IS>rV bHo$ar VbmdmMo g_moa am_H$U
_hmamOmMo ^V, lr. {dO`Hw$_ma Hw$bH$Uu `mMo Ka Amho. B.g.
2004 gmbr, `mZr Amnbo ahmVo Ka, n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo
Zmdmda H$$Z {Xbo. VoWoM g.g. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm _mo>m \$moQ>mo
R>odyZ, CnmgZm _{XamMr WmnZm H$a`mV Ambr. ""g.g. Zaqghoa
_hmamO CnmgZm _{Xa'' Ago Zmd Xo`mV Ambo. {Z` CnmgZm Am{U
_R> WmnZo`m {Xder dm{fH$ Cgd gmOam Ho$bm OmVmo.
7) Hw$Sw> _R> - lr. gwaoe H$m`H$V}, Hw$Sw>Mo ahmUmao. Hw$Sw> ho
318 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hmam>mVrb Hw$Sw>dmS>r aodo Q>oeZnmgyZ 3 {H$._r. AVamdaMo Jmd.

lr. gwaoe H$m`H$V} ho B. 1985 nmgyZMo n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo
{e`. {Zgr_ ^V. `mMm AmdmO IUIUrV nU Iyn _Ywa. `>rV
MmbUm`m CnmgZo`m Ama`m, ^OZo, A^J Am{U BVahr ^{$YmZ
JrVo, gwXa gwXa Mmbr bmdyZ Amn`m _Ywa nU IS>m AmdmOmV
hUVmV. bmD$S>nrH$a Zgbm Var MmbVmo. am_H$U _hmamOmH$Sy>Z
Zm_ KoV`mda `mZm ^{$_mJmMr JmoS>r bmJbr. nMmV Z nS>Vm
`mZr Amn`mbm ^{$gmamMo H$m`mbm dmhZ KoVbo. bmoH$ `mZm
gwaoe _hmamO hUyZ AmoiIy bmJbo. B.g. 1995 gmbr `mZr n.ny.
am_H$U _hmamOm`m oaUoZo, Amn`m ahm`m KarM n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMm _R> WmnZ Ho$bm. g~Y Hw$Sw> Jmd Am{U Amgnmg`m
n[agamV, gwaoe _hmamOmZm _mZUmam Iyn _moR>m ^VJU Amho. `mZr
B.g. 1992 nmgyZ ~arM df} `>rV amhZ n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo
_mJXeZmImbr, ^{$`moJmMr gmYZm Ho$br. gwaoe _hmamO Amn`m
^VmZm CnmgZoMo YS>o XoVmV. `mZm Zm_~moY Ko`mgmR>r Amnbo gXJw $
am_H$U _hmamOmH$S>o `>rbm nmR>dVmV. ^{$gmamMo Iyn _moR>o
H$m_ lr. gwae
o _hmamOmH$Sy>Z KS>V Amho. Hw$Sw> `m _R>mV {Z` CnmgZm
MmbVoM. nU dfmVZy EH$Xm gmYmaU OmZodmar _{h`mV gmV {XdgmMm
gmYZ gmh gmOam Ho$bm OmVmo. gmVhr {Xdg doJ doJ`m {g
dMZH$ma d H$sVZH$mamZm ~mobm{dbo OmVo. nhmQ>o 5 dmOonmgyZ amr
12 dmOon`V ^aJ H$m`H$_ AgVmV. bm~ bm~Mo n.ny. Zaqghoa
_hmamOmMo ^VJU, H$m`H$_mgmR>r Amnbr hmOar bmdVmV. n.ny.
am_H$U _hmamO, CgdmVrb XmoZ {Xdg AmdOyZ Hw$Sw>bm OmVmV.
Amn`m {e`mZo dmT>{dbobm ^{$gma ~KyZ `mZm AmZX hmoVmo.
B.g. 1997 gmbmnmgyZ Xa dfu AmfmT>r EH$mXerbm Hw$Sw> _R>mVyZ
n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMr nmbIr, nm`r nm`r nT>anyabm Zobr OmVo.
VrZ {Xdg nT>anya_Yo Zm_gmh hmoVmo. _Y`m {Xder nT>anya ZJarV,
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 319

lr. gwae
o _hmamOmMo ZoV dmImbr d^dnyU ZJaX{jUm hmoV.o gmYmaU
200 Vo 250 ^$JU nmbIr gmoh`mMm bm^ KoVmV.
8) hiya _R> - hiya ho EH$ H$ZmQ>H$mVrb N>moQ>ogo Jmd.
_hmqbJnya Vo JmoH$mH$ a`mda Jwbmnya H$mg Odi CVamdo bmJVo.
VoWZy 1 {H$._r. AVamda hiya. IdQ>H$monMo lr. Anmam` {~dmYa
ho n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo {e`. `m`m nwT>mH$mamZo EH$m ^Vm`m
eoVmV, n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm _R> hiyabm WmnZ H$a`mV
Ambm. `mgmR>r gd AWghm` am_H$U _hmamOmZr Ho$bo. {Z`
CnmgZm MmbVo. lmdUmZVa dm{fH$ Cgd gmOam Ho$bm OmVmo. `mgmR>r
n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO dV: OmVrZo hOa AgVmV.
9) ~meu _R> - n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo EH$ OdiMo {e`.
lr. _nm Mnm _JmoOr. ~mbnUmnmgyZ Am`m_mMr AmdS>. g.g.
Zaqghoa _hmamOmH$Sy>Z AZwJh m Pm`mZVa Vo Am`m_mV C
pWVrbm nmohMbo. ZVa ""_nm _hmamO'' hUyZ {grg Ambo.
~arM df} `>rV amhZ bmoH$mZm _mJXeZ Ho$bo. `mMm ~amMgm
^VJU, gmobmnya Odi`m ~meu n[agamVrb. _nm _hmamOmZr
nwT>mH$ma KoD$Z ~meu `oWo n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm _R> WmnZ Ho$bm.
{Z` CnmgZm MmbVo. ~meu n[agamVrb ~aoMeo ^VJU `>r`m
dm{fH$ CgdmZm AmdOyZ `oVmV. CgdmVrb gd H$m_mZm `mMm
gH$s` hmV^ma AgVmo.
10) am`~mJ _R> - am`~mJ ho {dOmnya {OmVbo, Vmbw`mMo
{R>H$mU. am`~mJ AH$mobr amoS>da ~g Q>S>nmgyZ, AYm {H$._r.
AVamda, H|$n>r ~YyMr OmJm Amho. `mZr Amn`m OmJoMo bmQ>
H$$Z {dH$bo. am_H$U _hmamOmMo EH${Z>> {e` lr. MH$mV
hdmbXma, `mZr XrS> JwR>mMm EH$ bmQ> {dH$V KoVbm. am`~mJMr
~arM ^V_S>ir, `>rbm {Z`{_V `oUmar. n.ny. am_H$U
_hmamOmH$Sy>Z AZwJh KoVbobr. 14 dfmnmgyZ am`~mJMr ^V_S>ir,
320 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

{d>b_{XamV n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm gmh gmOam H$arV hmoVr.

am`~mJbm Amn`m hH$mMm _R> Agmdm, Ago `mZm dmQy> bmJbo.
`mgmR>r lr. MH$mV hdmbXma `mZr, Amnbo _mbH$sMm XrS> JwR >mMm
bmQ> am_H$U _hmamOm`m ZmdmZo H$$Z {Xbm. `mMo eoOmaMmM
XrS> JwR>mMm bmQ> am_H$U _hmamOmZr {dH$V KoVbm. _R>mgmR>r
gnyU 50 + 100 \y$Q>mMr OmJm CnbY Pmbr. gd ^VJU AmZ{XV
Pmbo. B.g. 2007 gmbr _R>mMo ~mYH$m_ gw$ Pmbo. ghm _{h`mV
O$arnyV} ~mYH$m_ H$a`mV Ambo. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm _moR>m
\$moQ>mo R>do Zy _R>mMr WmnZm H$a`mV Ambr. AmVm ^` Amm g^mJhmMo
H$m_ nyU Pmbo Amho. _{Xam`m Xmohr ~mOybm XmoZ Imo`m AmhoV.
am_H$U _hmamO am`~mJbm Am`mZVa, VoWM
o ahmVmV. {Z` CnmgZm
MmbVo. n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m _yVuMr {dYr`wV {V>mnZm
ZwH$VrM {X. 28 E{b 2012 bm n. ny. am_H$U _hmamOm`m hVo
H$a`mV Ambr. XmoZ {XdgmMm ZoXrnH$ gmohim, am`~mJ`m ^$mZr
KS>dZy AmUbm. Xa _{h`mbm gH$>r MVwWuMo Xwg`m {Xder, am_H$U
_hmamO am`~mJbm `oVmV. {Xdg^a CnmgZm d am_H$U _hmamOmMo
dMZ hmoVo. ~amM ^VJU O_Vmo. Xwnmar gd ^VmgmR>r _hmgmX
hmoVmo. am`~mJ _Yrb ^VJU nmir nmirZo AXmZmMm IM H$aVmV.
Xa dfu \o$~wdmarMo gw_mamg dm{fH$ Cgd gmOam Ho$bm OmVmo.
11) H$bKQ>Jr _R> - H$ZmQ>H$mVrb YmadmS> {Ohm. `mVrb
Vmbw`mMo Jmd H$bKQ>Jr. VoWo Q>oQ> ~H$ Am\$ BS>r`mV _ZoOa hUyZ
ZmoH$ar H$aUmao, gw{e{jV, ^{$_mJmMr AmdS> AgUmao lr. KZnmb
gmBH$. B.g. 1997 _Yo {edamr`m Xwg`m {Xder `mMr ^oQ,>
lr. _oeAnm {_aOH$a `mMo {haoHo$$a `oWrb Kar, n.ny. am_H$U
_hmamOm~amo~a Pmbr. W_ ^oQ>rVM _hmamOm`m `{$_dmZo Vo
^m{dV Pmbo. nwT>`m ^oQ>rVM _o 1997 _Yo lr. YZnmb gmBH$mZr
am_H$U _hmamOmH$Sy>Z AZwJh KoVbm. Vo d `mMo gnUy Hw$Qw>~ _hmamOmMr
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 321

_Zmo^mdo ^Vr H$$ bmJbo. ^Vr `moJmMr gmYZm H$$ bmJbo.

lr. YZnmb gmBH$ `mZm \$moQ>moJm\$sMr Iyn AmdS>. `>rV
Xa Cgdmbm Vo {Z`{_VnUo `oD$ bmJbo. `oVmZm `mMo~amo~a MmJ`m
VrMm H$_oam AgVmoM. _hmamOmMo, Aml_mMo, CgdmMo N>mZ N>mZ
\$moQ>mo `m`m gJhr AmhoV. Amn`m _Z{_imdy o_i d^mdmZo, Vo
`>rV`m ^VJUmV {_giyZ Jobo. B.g. 1999 _Yo am_H$U
_hmamOm`m g_VrZo H$bKQ>JrV bmQ> KoVbm. B.g. 2002 _Yo Ka
nyU Pmbo. dmVyMo CXKmQ>Z n.ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo hVo Pmbo.
n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO B.g. 1999 nmgyZ, Zoh_r H$bKQ>Jrbm YZnmb
gmBH$mH$S>o OmVmV.
H$bKQ>Jr`m _Joe VbmdmOdi gmBH$mMr eoVr Amho. {dH$V
Ko`m AmYr Vo am_H$U _hmamOmZm KoD$Z, eoVrMr O_rZ ~K`mg
Jobo hmoVo. Vo Owb 2000 _Yo. am_H$U _hmamO hUmbo, YZnmb hr
eoVrMr O_rZ Vwhmbm d`{$H$ [a`m Va AZwHw$b AmhoM, nU
Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m _R>mgmR>r nU `mo` Amho. H$gohr H$$Z Vwhr
hr O_rZ {dH$V `mM. gXJw $ Mr Amkm. YZnmbmZr Vr eoVr Vm~S>Vmo~
{dH$V KoVbr. B.g. 2001 _Yo eoVmV N>moQ>ogo _{Xa ~mYyZ,
~gdO`Vrbm Zaqghoa _hmamOmMm \$moQ>mo R>oD$Z, nyOm AMm Mmby
Ho$br. ZVa MmJbo ~mYH$m_ H$$Z N>moQ>mgm _R> WmnZ Ho$bm. B.g.
2004 AmQ>mo~a_Yo am_H$U _hmamO H$bKQ>Jrbm _R>mV Ambo.
ZdamrMo ZD$ {Xdg _hmamOmZr AZw>mZ Ho$bo. nyU _mZmV hmoVo. ~amo~a
MV` hmoVm. {Z` CnmgZm Am{U `mZ. lr. YZnmb gmBH$mZr _R>
Agbo`m eoVmVrb KamV, _hmamOmMr MmoI `dWm R>odbr hmoVr.
H$bKQ>JrV bm^bo`m EH$mVm_wio am_H$U _hmamO Iye hmoVo.
B.g. 2006 _Yo _R>mV n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m nmXwH$mMr
WmnZm H$a`mMo R>abo. lr. YZnmb gmBH$mZr _{h`mnyduM nmXwH$mMo
Ho$M H$mTy>Z R>odbo hmoVo. `mZm H$go gyMbo? Vo _mhrV Zmhr. am_H$U
322 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

_hmamOmZr nmXwH$m`m Ho$Mbm _m`Vm {Xbr. Vm~S>Vmo~ nmXwH$m ~ZdyZ

Ko`mV Am`m. Jm^m`mMo ImobrV H$m`m nmfmUmMo dX mdZ ~mY`mV
Ambo. {X. 13102006 amoOr `mda n.ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m
nmXwH$mMr {V>mnZm, am_H$U _hmamOm`m hVo H$a`mV Ambr.
{Z` CnmgZm MmbVo. dm{fH$ Cgd gmOam Ho$bm OmVmo. `mdoiog
n.ny. am_H$U _hmamO hOa AgVmV. lr. YZnmb gmBH$ VZ-_ZYZmZo _R>mMr `dWm ~KVmV.
^$s gmamgmR>r am_H$U _hmamOmZm,
dmT>rd Am`w`mMr, gXJwH$Sy>Z XoUJr

Zmoh|~a 1981 Mr gwdmV hmoVr. n. ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMm

_w $m_, {h_mb`mVrb CmaH$merV hmo V m. n. ny . Zaqgho a
_hmamOmH$Sy>Z Am_kmZmMr dmhr, dZ>mV mV {_imbr hmoVr. VgoM
`>rbm naV OmD$Z, ^{$gma H$a`mMr AmkmnU {_imbr hmoVr.
_hmamO {h_mb`mVyZ naV {ZKUma hmoVo. _w~B`m Am{\$gmVyZ naVrMm
aodo nmg `oUma hmoVm. `mMrM _hmamO dmQ> ~KV hmoVo. _hmamOmMo
_Z AmZ{XV Pmbo hmoVo. gmYZ g\$i Pm`mMm AmZX Va
hmoVmM. nU `>rbm OmD$Z, Zaqghoa _hmamOm`m g_mYrMo
XeZ KoVm `oUma hmoVo. Am_kmZ Pmbo hUyZ, gmYZ gmoS>bo
ZhVo. {Z` Zo_ Mmby hmoVmM. nhmQ>o`m doiog `mZmbm ~gbo
hmoVo. `mZmV n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO g_moa Ambo. gXJwMm
_yS> AmO H$mhr doJimM dmQ>V hmoVm. IynM AmZ{XV hmoVo.
hUmbo, am_H$Um _bm ^oQ>`mMr VwPr Vi_i, _bm g_OVo.
Vmo {Xdg AmVm H$mhr \$ma Xya Zmhr. Vw`mH$Sy>Z _m`m \$ma
_moR>m Anojm AmhoV. ^mD$gmho~ _hmamOmZr _bm {Xbobm
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 323

^{$gmamMm dgm, nwT>o Vwbm Mmbdm`Mm Amho. m O_r

maYm_mUo VwPo Am`w` 76 dfmMo Amho. Vy _ZmnmgyZ
^$sgmamMo H$m_ H$a. _r Vwbm, VwPo Am`w` dmT>dyZ XoBZ.
hgV_wI _wZo o n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamO, am_H$UmZm AmerdmX
XoD$Z AVYmZ nmdbo. am_H$U _hmamO `mZmVyZ ~mhoa Ambo. _ZmMm
AmZX AOZyM dmT>bm hmoVm. am_H$U _hmamO VZ Am{U _ZmZo
gXJw$MaUr brZ Pmbo hmoVo.
{X. 11 Zmoh|~a 1981 amoOr, am_H$U _hmamO CmaH$merVyZ
naV {ZKmbo. `>rbm `oD$Z n. ny. Zaqghoa _hmamOmZr {Xbobm
^{$gmamMm dgm, {H$Vr V_`VoZo nwT>o Mmb{dbm? ho AmnU
AmVmn`V`m H$WmZH$mVyZ nm{hbo. {X. 27 Zmoh|~a 2008 amoOr,
am_H$U _hmamOmZm 75 df} nyU hmoD$Z ehmmamdo df gw$ Pmbo hmoVo.
d`mo_mZm_mUo eara WH$V Mmbbo hmoVo. _Yw_ohmMm mg dmT>bm hmoVm.
Var ^{$gmamMo H$m_ MmbyM hmoVo.
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_hmamOmZm JmS>rVyZ gmJbrbm Zo`mV Ambo. `yamobmOr noem{bQ>
S>m. Ho$XmaZmW Hw$bH$Uu, `mMo CnMmamg gw$dmV Pmbr. noeb M.R.I
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^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 325

~`mM {XdgmZVa Zaqghoa _hmamOmMo XeZ Pmbo hmoVo.

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326 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

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^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 327

_hmamOmMrM {H$_`m. ~mH$s ^$JUmZm mMr H$mhrM H$nZm

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328 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

n. ny. am_H$U _hmamO {da{MV H$m`

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^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 329

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^$mgJo ^JdV S>mobo& {edmOr gJo e$s S>mobo&&2&&
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+

330 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

lr. g. g. am_H$U _hmamOmMr

O_n{H$m
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(_mJerf, ewb EH$mXer, eHo$ 1855)
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n. ny. am_H$U _hmamOmMo ^$ lr. AZVamd AmR>`o, S>m{| ~dbr

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ew^`moJ ""amO`moJ'' Xe{dVmo.
^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 331

2) Mm`m ^m`mV a{d Ag`m_wio OrdZe$s gwT> d ^mdr

H$a`mH$[aVm Amd`H$ `moJ_mJmMm gImob A`mg Am{U
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jo `moJm{Y>rV d gn Xe{dVo.
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+

332 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

n. ny. am_H$U _hmamOm`m hVmjamVrb

nmmao boIH$ lr. O`V ^S>J `mZm CnXoe

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 333

334 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm

^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm & 335

336 & ^$ - `mo`mMr AmZXgmYZm