Version 095 MT4 chiu (58655) This print-out should have 22 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points Two laser beams of equal intensity propagate along parallel paths through a gas that makes the beams visible to the eye. One laser has a wavelength of 1 = 638.19 nm and the second has a wavelength of 2 = 434.81 nm. You view these beams from the side, i.e. perpendicularly to the propagation path, so that all you see is light scattered o the gas. Compute the ratio of the intensity of the light of each wavelength that reaches your eye, I2 /I1 . Assume the distance from your eye to each beam is the same. 1. 5.98614 2. 4.46122 3. 3.53722 4. 4.23341 5. 3.83883 6. 4.83182 7. 4.6409 8. 5.21392 9. 3.95471 10. 5.6154 Correct answer: 4.6409. Explanation: The laser with the higher frequency is scattered more. The scattered intensity varies like 4. R

I I Find the magnitude of the displacement current. dE 1 R2 0 0 dt dE 2. |ID | = I + 0 R2 dt dE 3. |ID | = 0 0 R2 dt dE correct 4. |ID | = 0 R2 dt dE 1 5. |ID | = 0 R 2 dt Explanation: The Ampere-Maxwell law can be understood in the following way: d E B d = 0 I + 0 0 dt = 0 ( I + I D ) , 1. |ID | = where ID = 0 dE /dt. Plugging in the given values, we obtain dE . |ID | = 0 R2 dt 003 (part 2 of 2) 5.0 points Using the convention that clockwise around the ring is positive and counterclockwise is negative, determine B at the location marked . 1. B = 0 R dE N I 0 0 2R 2 dt 0 R dE 2. B = correct N I 0 0 2R 2 dt

I2 /I1 = (2 /1 )4 = (1 /2 )4 = 4.6409 .

002 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points N closely spaced turns of wire are wound in the direction indicated on a hollow, plastic ring of radius R, with circular cross section, as in the gure below. The coil carries a current I with direction as shown in the gure. Assume the ring lies entirely within a region of uniform electric eld E that points into the page and is decreasing: dE/dt = |dE/dt|.

Version 095 MT4 chiu (58655) 0 R dE N I + 0 0 2R 2 dt R dE 0 N I + 0 0 4. B = 2R 2 dt Explanation: First we choose the orientation of the area. It is simpler to work with positive uxes, so let the area vector point into the page; this orientation means the path of integration is clockwise about the ring. 3. B = By inspection, there are N wires piercing the dened area with current ow in the same direction as the area vector, so the enclosed current is N I . The ux of E through the area is positive, but it is decreasing, so the displacement current is 0 R2|dE/dt|. Plugging these into the Ampere-Maxwell equation, dE B d = 0 N I 0 0 R2 dt R dE 0 N I 0 0 B= 2R 2 dt 004 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points In Professor Feynmans lecture on the EM waves modeled in the gures below, a constant, uniform B eld points in the z direction and propagates outward at a constant speed v in the x-directions. The B eld originates from a current sheet located in the yz -plane. 3. E (h + 2vt)

Explanation: The emf about the loop must be equal to the line integral of the electric eld around the loop. In the neighborhood of segment 23, B is not changing, so we may reason that E is zero along it. For segments 12 and 34, note that E is independent of x, so E along these segments must either be zero or the sum must cancel. The emf must be entirely along segment 41, so Eh is the correct choice. 005 (part 2 of 2) 5.0 points

Now apply the Ampere-Maxwell law to the loop 12561. The magnitude of the LHS is found to be Bb. What is the magnitude of the RHS?

1. 0 0 Bvb 2. 0 0 Evb correct 3. 0 0 Bvh Explanation: We are looking for a term proportional to dE/dt. Since there is only one option containing E , it is the only choice. Physically, E = Ebvt, so d/dt = Ebv . 006 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points A point source at O emits light isotropically. Denote the power which the point source radiates by P . A small at surface is placed at D, which is a distance r from O . This surface has an area A and is perpendicular to the radial vector OD.

Applying Faradays law to loop 12341, one nds that the the magnitude of the RHS of Faradays law is given by Bhv . What is the magnitude of the LHS? 1. Bh 2. Eh correct

Version 095 MT4 chiu (58655) 4. 4.23717e-09 5. 2.70859e-08 6. 9.67757e-09 7. 7.12857e-09 8. 4.08372e-08 9. 3.04025e-09 10. 3.31584e-09 Correct answer: 4.18929 109 N/m2 .

Find the intensity I of the incident light at D. 2P 1. I = 3A P 2. I = 2A P 3. I = 6 r2 P 4. I = 2 r2 P 5. I = 3A P 6. I = A P 7. I = 3 r2 P 8. I = r2 P 9. I = 4A P 10. I = correct 4 r2 Explanation: Notice that the emission is isotropic. So the total power P is associated with the entire spherical surface enclosing the point source. In other words the average intensity of a spherical wave is given by I= P P = . A 4 r2

Explanation: Note: The time-averaged energy density is u = I P = . c 4 c r2

Then the average pressure on the surface is pressure = 2 1 u +2 u 3 3 5 5P = u = 3 12 c r 2 5 (116 W) = 12 (2.99792 108 m/s) (3.5 m)2 = 4.18929 109 N/m2 . 008 10.0 points 3.65 m

007 (part 2 of 2) 5.0 points Consider the setup described in Part 1, where 1 the surface absorbs of the light. 3 If P = 116 W, r = 3.5 m, and A = 4 mm2 , nd the average pressure on the surface. 1. 4.18929e-09 2. 7.84057e-09 3. 2.32016e-08

Determine the maximum angle for which the light rays incident on the end of the light pipe shown in the gure above are subject to total internal reection along the walls of the pipe. The pipe of diameter 3.65 m has an index of refraction of 1.22 and the outside medium is air. 1. 63.1211 2. 37.3997 3. 53.0347 4. 65.0828 5. 28.8009 6. 61.267 7. 44.3353 8. 71.9894

Version 095 MT4 chiu (58655) 9. 74.8957 10. 45.7392 Correct answer: 44.3353. Explanation: Given : nair = 1 , npipe = 1.22 , and r = 1.825 m .

An electron is oscillating along the x-axis about the origin, and its position is given by: x(t) = x0 sin(t) , where x0 is a constant and is the angular frequency of oscillation. What is the intensity of emitted radiation at some point x on the x-axis, |x| > x0 ? 1. 0 correct 2. d 3. 0 c 1 0 c6 kqx0 cos(t) x
2

kq 2 x0 sin(t) x kq 2 x0 sin(t) c2 x kq 2 x0 sin(t) x

2

The critical angle c for total internal reection is given by sin c = nair . npipe

1 4. 0 2 1 5. 0 c5

c = arcsin

nair npipe 1 = arcsin 1.22 = 55.052 .

Explanation: Radiation will only be emitted in directions for which the perpendicular component of the acceleration of the electron is nonzero. Since the electron is oscillating along the xaxis, its acceleration will always be in the x-directions. Since a = 0 for all points along the x-axis, 0 is the correct choice. 010 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points An ideal circuit contains an inductor of inductance 135 mH and a capacitor of capacitance 38.3 F. At what frequency will this circuit oscillate? Answer in units of Hz. 1. 63.2419 2. 69.9929 3. 75.77 4. 60.5288 5. 57.0649 6. 103.47 7. 119.787 8. 62.5258 9. 111.957 10. 56.2473 Correct answer: 69.9929 Hz.

From the right triangle the angle at the left-hand interface is = 90 c = 34.948 . Applying Snells Law, we have nair sin = npipe sin npipe sin nair 1.22 sin 34.948 1

= arcsin = arcsin

= 44.3353 . 009 10.0 points

Explanation:

Version 095 MT4 chiu (58655) In this case, we obtain: Let : L = 135 mH = 0.135 H , and C = 38.3 F = 3.83 105 F . The natural frequency is given by f= 1 2 1 LC 1 (0.135 H) (3.83 105 F)

Q = 314.825 C .

1 = 2

= 69.9929 Hz . 011 (part 2 of 2) 5.0 points The capacitor is rst charged to 360 C and then connected to the inductor, forming an ideal LC circuit. An ammeter measures current ow in the circuit when the current is 76.7853 mA, how much charge remains on the capacitor? Answer in units of C. 1. 187.373 2. 90.6688 3. 177.863 4. 350.09 5. 328.668 6. 314.825 7. 191.601 8. 144.043 9. 282.044 10. 308.049 Correct answer: 314.825. Explanation: Let : Q0 = 360 C and I = 76.7853 mA . Since there are no dissipative elements in the circuit (i.e. resistors), energy is conserved during the oscillation: 1 Q ( t) 2 1 2 1 Q2 0 = + LI . E= 2 C 2 C 2 By solving this equation for Q(t), we can determine the charge on the capacitor for any measured current I : Q ( t) = Q2 0 I
2

012 (part 1 of 3) 3.0 points You spend the day at the beach. At noon you look at sky a little bit above the horizon over the ocean. Describe the polarization of light that comes from that portion of the sky to your eye. What is the best choice? 1. It is predominantly unpolarized. 2. It is predominantly polarized roughly vertical to the horizon. 3. It is predominantly polarized roughly parallel to the horizon. correct Explanation: For the case of blue noon sky, the incident sunlight is unpolarized (or randomly polarized in a plane perpendicular to its propagation). However, since you are looking away from the Sun at the horizon the direct sunlight never reaches your eye. It is the rescattered light from the air molecules in that portion of the sky that does reach your eye. The molecules reradiate in the same plane as the plane of the polarization of the sunlight. Near the horizon, that plane is roughly parallel to the horizon. From your view on the beach you see light that is predominantly horizontally polarized. 013 (part 2 of 3) 3.0 points Later in your day at the beach, the Sun sets in the same portion of the sky a little bit above the horizon over the ocean. Describe the polarization of light that comes from the Sun to your eye. What is the best choice? 1. It is predominantly polarized roughly parallel to the horizon. 2. It is predominantly unpolarized. correct

Version 095 MT4 chiu (58655) 3. It is predominantly polarized roughly vertical to the horizon. Explanation: When sunlight is viewed head-on, one sees mostly unpolarized light, since there is no preferred direction of polarization. Sunset light partly consists of an uninterrupted light beam coming directly from the sun, which is necessarily unpolarized. However, some of it might also be rescattered light produced through scattering of the unpolarized sunlight by air molecules in the atmosphere. Even for this component of light, there is no preferred azimuthal direction since the incident light ray (from the sun to the scattering molecule) and the rescattered light ray (from the scattering molecule to the eye) travel in the same direction. Hence even this rescattered component will be unpolarized, to the extent that we assume scattering has no azimuthal preference. 014 (part 3 of 3) 4.0 points Now consider the sky colors in the proximity of the sun at sunset. One day it is red and another day it is orange. Which case corresponds to having a stronger scattering eect on the original white beam? 1. Red correct 2. Neither sunset color is not dependent on scattering eects 3. Orange Explanation: Let us assume the frequency composition of original sunlight to be such that it is white light. The more the scattering that has taken place, the more the higher frequency components of light will be removed from the original white beam and hence the redder it will be. 015 (part 1 of 3) 3.0 points An electron is initially at rest. At time t = 0, it is accelerated at an angle = 18 with respect to the vertical for a very short time. The 4. 0, 1, 0 5. 0, 1, 0 correct 6. 0, 0, 1

magnitude of the acceleration is 2 1018 m/s2 (this large acceleration is possible because the electron has a very small mass). We make observations at location A at a horizontal distance d = 10 m from the electron as in the gure below.

Electron

A d

Take the +x direction to be toward the right, the +y direction to be upward, and the +z direction to be out of the page (toward you). Throughout this problem, use the following constants: c = 3 108 m/s e = 1.6 1019 C 1 = 9 109 N m2 /C2 . 40 When the radiative electric eld reaches location A, what is the direction of that radiative electric eld at location A? Choose the unit vector corresponding to this direction. 1. 0, 0, 1 2. 1, 0, 0 3. 1, 0, 0

Explanation: The radiative electric eld is proportional to q a = +e a , which is upward. There is an accompanying magnetic eld out of the page because the direction of propagation E B is to the right. 016 (part 2 of 3) 3.0 points

Version 095 MT4 chiu (58655) What is the magnitude of this radiative electric eld? 1. 3.49306e-09 2. 1.52266e-09 3. 1.94547e-09 4. 3.04338e-09 5. 2.07846e-09 6. 1.26611e-09 7. 2.22524e-09 8. 1.39032e-09 9. 2.3236e-09 10. 3.15138e-09 Correct answer: 3.04338 109 N/C. Explanation: The magnitude of the upward radiative electric eld is E = 1 e a 40 c2 r

electric eld. Since Erad is in the +y -direction while the Poynting vector E B points in the +x-direction, it must be that Brad points in the +z -direction, out of the page; F = qv B tells us the force must be in the +x-direction (to the right). 018 10.0 points Two light pulses are emitted simultaneously from a source. The pulses take parallel paths to a detector 7.05 m away, but one moves through air and the other through plastic. Determine the dierence in the pulses times of arrival at the detector. (Assume the index of refraction of plastic is 1.271 and that of air is 1.) 1. 9.16107 2. 8.512 3. 6.30133 4. 6.2272 5. 6.3685 6. 8.9125 7. 12.0497 8. 7.8088 9. 5.3521 10. 7.3656 Correct answer: 6.3685 ns. Explanation:

rad

= 3.04338 109 N/C . 017 (part 3 of 3) 4.0 points Just after the radiative eld has reached location A, what is the direction of the magnetic f orce on a positive charge that had been at rest before the radiative eld arrived at location A? Note that the static electric eld is much smaller than the radiative electric eld at this location so that only the radiative electric eld will play a role in determining your answer. Choose the unit vector corresponding to this direction. 1. 1, 0, 0 2. 1, 0, 0 correct 3. 0, 0, 1 4. 0, 1, 0 5. 0, 1, 0 6. 0, 0, 1 Explanation: A positive charge is accelerated upward (the +y direction) by the upward radiative

Let : nplastic = 1.271 , nair = 1 , = 7.05 m , and c = 3 108 m/s . The time dierence is t = tplastic tair . = vplastic vair Since the speed of light in a medium of c refractive index n is v = , n t = nplastic nair c c

Version 095 MT4 chiu (58655) = 7.05 m (1.271 1) 3 108 m/s 1 ns 1 109 s

The rst polarizer transmits light that is polarized perpendicular to the long molecules. 020 (part 2 of 2) 5.0 points After passing through the second polarizer, what is the polarization of the EM wave? 1. along the x-axis correct 2. along the y -axis 3. along sin x + cos y 4. none no light gets through 5. along the z -axis 6. along cos x + sin y

= 6.3685 ns . 019 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points

An EM wave polarized along the x-axis and propagating in the +z direction is incident upon a pair of polarizers. The long molecules of the rst polarizer make an angle with the +x-axis, while the long molecules of the second polarizer are parallel to the y -axis, as shown in the gure. After passing through the rst polarizer, what is the polarization of the EM wave? 1. along the x-axis 2. along the z -axis 3. parallel to the direction of the long molecules 4. none no light gets through 5. along the y -axis 6. perpendicular to the direction of the long molecules correct Explanation:

Explanation: The rst polarizer transmits light that is polarized perpendicular to the long molecules; in this case, the polarization of the wave after passing through the rst polarizer is along sin x + cos y . The second polarizer transmits light polarized along the x-axis, so only the x-component of the EM wave passes through, leaving a wave that is once again polarized along the x-axis (though reduced in intensity). 021 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points Consider the circuit shown in the gure where the switch has been initially in position d for a long period of time so that a steady current has been achieved. Then, at time t = 0 the switch is set to position c.

b E

aS c d

Version 095 MT4 chiu (58655) What is the current through the inductor at time t = 0? Let positive current ow be dened as from a to b. E 1. R E 2. correct R 3. 0 Explanation: The loop equation while S is at d is given by E (Va Vb ) IR = 0 . Immediately after the switch is thrown to position c, the current remains at the maximum amplitude it had immediately before the switch was thrown, due to the magnetic inertia of the inductor. That amplitude is determined by the value of I when dI/dt = 0, or E E IR = 0 I = . R The current direction must remain unchanged when the switch is thrown, so ow must be positive, from a to b. 022 (part 2 of 2) 5.0 points Consider an inductance of 3 H, resistance of 97.6 , and initial current of 3.3 A at t = 0. Find the total energy dissipated through the resistor during the time interval t = 0 to . 1. 46.08 2. 144.06 3. 0.9 4. 1.08 5. 74.06 6. 1.225 7. 1.62 8. 50.625 9. 16.335 10. 217.8 Correct answer: 16.335. Explanation: Let : L = 3 H , R = 97.6 , I 0 = 3. 3 A . and

After switching to c, the total stored energy is the magnetic energy at t = 0: UL = 1 2 L I0 , 2

t=0

which will be dissipated in the resistor between 0 < t < . Applying conservation of energy, UR = UL = 1 2 L I0 2

t=0

t=0

1 = (3 H) (3.3 A)2 = 16.335 J . 2