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Different types of Steering Systems
& Examples
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM
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Steering systems/mechanisms in use
STEERING
RACK & PINION WORM & ROLLER
RACK & PINION
MANUAL
RECIRCULATING BALL & NUT
DRIVEN EPS
HYDROSTATIC PINION
DRIVEN EPS
RACK
COLUMN
DRIVEN EPS
RECIRCULATING
BALL & NUT ( GEROTOR )
POWER
HYDRAULIC ELECTRICAL /
RACK & PINION WORM & ROLLER
ELECTRO-HYD
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM
Steering systems/mechanisms in use
Hydraulic Electro-hyd Electric
1 SCREW & NUT X X
2 CAM & LEVER X X
3 WORM & ROLLER X X X
4 RECIRCULATING BALL SCREW & NUT ? ?
5 RACK & PINION
6 GEROTOR X X
MANUAL
STEERING MECHANI SMS IN USE SL. NO POWER-ASSISSTED
STEERING SYSTEM STEERING RATIO
CONSTANT VARIABLE
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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MANUAL STEERING SYSTEMS
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Typical Mechanical Steering Systems
( for on-road vehicles )
Steering Systems
Cars / UVs
UVs/LCVs
Trucks / Bus
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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POWER-ASSISSTED STEERING SYSTEMS
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Need for Need for Power Steering Power Steering
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20/21 Mar09
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NEED FOR POWER STEERING NEED FOR POWER STEERING
The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :
INCREASING TRAFFIC DENSITY INCREASING TRAFFIC DENSITY
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SRK
20/21 Mar09
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NEED FOR POWER STEERING NEED FOR POWER STEERING
The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :
HIGH AXLE LOADS HIGH AXLE LOADS
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SRK
20/21 Mar09
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NEED FOR POWER STEERING NEED FOR POWER STEERING
POOR ROAD CONDITIONS POOR ROAD CONDITIONS
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The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :
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20/21 Mar09
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NEED FOR POWER STEERING NEED FOR POWER STEERING
All of the above situations force the driver to
operate the vehicle at slow speeds ,increasing
steering effort causing FATIGUE TO DRIVERS.
Judgment of a fatigued driver will be poor.
Poor judgment in driving means increased
potential for accidents.
LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT
OF POWER STEERING OF POWER STEERING
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SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Benefits of Benefits of Power Steering Power Steering
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING
EFFORTLESS STEERING EFFORTLESS STEERING
15 mkg
3 mkg
2 mkg
1 mkg
HCV CAR HCV CAR
S
T
E
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R
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N
G

E
F
F
O
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T
S

A
T

P
A
R
K
I
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MANUAL
STEERING
POWER
STEERING
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20/21 Mar09
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BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING
PRECISE & QUICK RESPONSE PRECISE & QUICK RESPONSE
LOCK TO LOCK MANUAL STEERING
TOTAL TURNS 6 TO 7
LOCK TO LOCK POWER STEERING
40
30
20
10
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
LH TURN RH TURN
TOTAL TURNS 3 TO 4
O
U
T
P
U
T

A
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G
L
E

(
D
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G
)
INPUT TURNS
SAP
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20/21 Mar09
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BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING
ABSORBS ROAD SHOCKS ABSORBS ROAD SHOCKS
Vehicle fitted with
Manual Steering
Vehicle fitted with
Power Steering
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING
GREATER SAFETY AND GREATER SAFETY AND
CONTROLLABILITY UNDER CRITICAL SITUATIONS CONTROLLABILITY UNDER CRITICAL SITUATIONS
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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HYDRAULIC POWER STEERING SYSTEMS
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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SYSTEM LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL POWER STEERING SYSTEM LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL POWER STEERING
Power Steering
Pump
Power Steering
FI Gear
Power Steering
Reservoir
Suction
Line
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
L
in
e
R
e
tu
rn
L
in
e
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Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Typical Box-type Power Steering System for CVs
( Tie rod behind the axle )
Reservoir
Power Steering Pump
Integral Power Steering Gear
Pitman Arm
Steering Column
Intermediate Shaft
Tie Rod Tube
Tie Rod End
Draglink
20/21 Mar09
1
Integral (Box type) Power Steering System
SRK
20/21 Mar09
20
Typical Cylinder-type Power Steering System for CVs
( Tie rod behind the axle )
(Manual)
Cylinder type Power Steering System
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Typical Box-type Power Steering System for UVs
( Tie rod behind the axle )
Integral (Box type) Power Steering System
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Cylinder type Power Steering System
Non-typical Cylinder-type Power Steering System for UVs
( Tie rod behind the axle )
(Manual)
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Typical R&P Power Steering System for Cars
( Tie rod ahead of the axle )
Rack &Pinion
Steering Gear
Steering Wheel
Steering Column
Intermediate Shaft Tie Rods
Steering Lever
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Typical R&P type Power Steering System for Cars / UVs
Integral Rack & Pinion type Power Steering System
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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HYROSTATIC STEERING SYSTEMS
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Typical Hydrostatic Steering System
(for off-road vehicles)
Steering Systems
Farm Tractors / Earthmovers
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Need for Electro-Hydraulic / Electric
Power Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Fuel efficiency.
Emission control @ engine idle.
Control flexibility thro S/W change instead of H/W change.
Integration with other electronic controls on vehicle
e.g., ABS, TCS, ESP, etc.
Need for EHPS / EPS
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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HPS
belt-driven-pump EPHS
two-speed EPHS
multispeed EPS
100%
25%
15%
10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
E
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g
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C
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p
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Energy Consumption of
Different Power Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering Systems
(EHPS)
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Motor-Pump-Unit
Steering Gear
Feed & Return
Lines
Electro-hydraulic Power Steering System
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Steering Maneuver
Load
Steering
Wheel
Rack &
Pinion
Cylinder
-
+
Steering
Valve
Feed Line
Return
Line
Pump
E-Motor
M
Vehicle Speed
Steering
Rate
ECU
Control
Principle of EHPS Systems
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Vehicle Performance / Safety
Steering Feel Tuning i.e. Vehicle and/or Driver Setting
Energy Saving
Reduced Fuel Consumption (1 to 3 % Reduction)
High System Efficiency
Flow on demand and according to Vehicle Speed ( speed-pro feel )
Low energy consumption, in idle less than 50 Watt
Engine independent operation (Engine Shut Off)
Future Application Criteria
Interaction with other Chassis/Vehicle Control and Driver Assist Systems
Migration of EPHS-technology into EHS- and SBW-Applications
MPU-Utilization beyond Steering Applications (e.g. Active and Semi active
Chassis, Braking, Power Train (Automated Clutches and Transmissions)
EHPS Benefits
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
34
Cost & Quality
Component Assembly (HPS ) Module Assembly (EPHS)
Final Test in Car (HPS) Pre-tested System (EPHS)
Engine Independence (vs. Belt-Drive-Pump@ HPS)
Fail-Safe Operation incl. Protection Measures
System Responsibility lies with one Supplier
Simplified Supply Chain
Lower Maintenance and Warranty Cost
Time to Market
Steering System Tuning Flexibility in Development Process
Similar Packaging to existing Steering
Variable Position of Motor-Pump-Unit
EPHS Benefits (contd)
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Electric Power Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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EPS - Scheme
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
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Rack Drive Column Drive Pinion Drive
Electric Power Steering Systems
Electric Motor
Electric Motor
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
38
Column Drive EPS
Motor / Reduction Gear/ ECU / Bracket - Assy
Manual R&P Stg Gear
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
20
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Rack ( Belt ) Drive EPS
RCB- Screw
RCB- Nut
Belt drive Motor & ECU
Steering Systems
SRK
20/21 Mar09
40
END OF THE SESSION
SRK
20/21 Mar09