Chapter 5 Form 4 : Energy and chemical change

1. Study the following statement: The position of metals in reactivity series depend on their reaction with oxygen. You are given kalium manganate (VII), zinc powder, aluminum powder and copper powder.. a) Suggest one hypothesis to investigate the above statement.. b) Describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in (a) based on the following criteria.. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Aim of the experiment Identification of variables List of apparatus and materials Procedure or method Tabulation of data

Answer:

Hypothesis Aim of the experiment Identification of variables

Aluminium reacts the most active with oxygen// Copper reacts the least active with oxygen To study the reactivity of different metals with oxygen

Manipulated variable : Type of metals Responding variable : Reactivity of reaction Fixed variable : Size of metals// mass of metals//quantity of metals

List of apparatus and materials Procedure or method

Glass wool, potassium manganate (VII), boiling tube, Bunsen burner, retort stand, aluminum powder, zinc powder and copper powder.

1. Set up apparatus as shown in diagram above. 2. Heat Aluminium powder and then potassium manganate (VII) 3. Record the reaction of metal with oxygen.

Chapter 5 Form 4 : Energy and chemical change 4. Repeat step 1 to 3 by using zinc powder and copper powder.

Tabulation of data

Type of metal Aluminum powder Zinc powder Copper powder

Reaction of meta

Chapter 5 Form 4 : Energy and chemical change 2. chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy. Describe an experimental to prove the above statement. Your answer should include the following: a) b) c) d) e) f) Aim of experiment Name the principle used. An apparatus which shows the apparatus set-up/ Procedure Observation. Write word equations for reactions taking place. [1m] [2m] [2m] [2m] [1m] [2m]

ANSWER; Aim of experiment To show that chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy When 2 different metal electrodes are immersed an electrolyte, electrical energy is produced.

Name the principle used.

Diagram

Procedure

1) Zin and copper electrode are immersed into copper sulphate solution 2) The to electrodes are connected with a connecting wire to a galvonometer. The needle of the galvanometer deflects.

Observation. Write word equations for reactions taking place

At zinc electrode: Zinx zinc + electron At copper electrode: Copper ion + electron copper

Chapter 5 Form 4 : Energy and chemical change 3. Sodium is more reactive than carbon. Describe how the metal dosium can be extracted from sodium chloride. Your answer should include the following: a) b) c) d) e) f) Identifying the problem Name the principle used. An appratus which shows the appratus set-up Procedure Observations Write word equations for reactions taking place.

ANSWER: Identifying the problem Name the principle used. To extract sodium metal from sodium chloride Sodium is extracted from the electolysis of molten sodium chloride

An appratus which shows the appratus set-up

Procedure

Observations

1) Sodium chloride is heated until it melts. 2) Electricity is passed through the molten sodium chloride using carbon as electrodes. 3) Anode: Greenish chlorine gas is released. Cathode: Silver sodium metal is formed.

Write word equations for reactions taking place.

Anode: Chloride ion chlorine gas + electrone Cathode: Sodium ion + electrone -sodium metal