AP Art History

! Name: Caleb Smith ! Chapter 13 Gothic Europe, Pt. 2 !

1. Who is thought to have developed the design and content for the Royal Portals on Chartres Cathedral?

! Thierry of Chartres ! 2. What is depicted in the Royal Portals mentioned above? ! ! ! ! !

The sculptures of the Royal Portal show the majesty and power of Christ by showing a left-to-right depiction of Christs Ascension, Second Coming, and Christ on the lap of the virgin Mary. 3. The tympanum from the right portal of Chartres depicts the Virgin and Child in a way that refers back to the Romanesque portrayals of this theme as the Throne of Wisdom. What work is the most likely source for this depiction? The source is most likely one from the Byzantine representations of the Theotokos on the apse of the Hagia Sophia or an encaustic from Saint Catherine 4. The portal sculptural program for Chartres Cathedral is distinctly different from its Romanesque counterparts. What religion-based change in focus accounts for this distinction? The prominence of Mary, the mother of Christ, was increased during these times.

! 5. Which sculpture provides the most direct contrast with the Naumburg figures? ! Rttgen Piet ! ! !
The artist visited Italy and studied Duccio di Buoninsegnas work.

6. In Jean Pucelle's Belleville Breviary, the artist has placed Saul seated on a throne with the receding coffers of a barrel vault above the head of David. He has created a stage set. What inspired this choice?

7. Why are the fourteenth-century German sculptures of Ekkehard and Uta at Naumburg are particularly significant?

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They depict specific, real people who are more of secular personages than religious affiliates. 8. How is the Reims portal sculpture of the Visitation (which has been described as two women conversing) different from earlier Gothic portal sculpture?

! The figures are actors in a biblical narrative and converse through gestures. ! !

9. Why were images of Old Testament kings and queens frequently represented on French portals (such as Saint-Denis and Chartres)?

! They were seen as precursors to Christ and as royal ancestors to his linage. ! 10. Who was Jeanne d'Evreux and why is she important to our study? ! ! !

She was a queen of France and is important as a patron of the arts such as the Virgin of Jeanne d'Evreux 11. How did Gothic builders use the stained glass windows within the context of a cathedral? The Gothic builders used the stained glass windows to project the lux nova - the new and divine light. These stained glass windows let the splendor of True Light pass into the church and enlighten those inside.

! 12. What is lux nova? ! !

Lux nova is the new light that illuminated the cathedrals. It was manipulated by the interior of the Cathedral and the many colored windows. 13. How do the Strasbourg tympanum and statues of Ekkehard and Uta from Naumburg Cathedral differ yet still reflect the Gothic style? Stylistically, the statues of Ekkehard and Uta are more demure and personalized compared to the religious emotional appeal of the Strasbourg tympanum. However, both project from there bases and engage in graceful gestures typical of that period.

14. Who was Blanche of Castile and why is she important to our study?

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She was a Queen of France and regent while King Louis IX was too young to rule. She commissioned the moralized Bible, the dedication page of which depicted Blanche and Louis IX along with a clergyman dictating and a young apprentice transcribing the dictation. 15. How does the statue of Virgin of Jeanne d'Evreux symbolize the Gothic period in subject and style? The elegant proportions of the two figures, Mary emphatic swaying posture, the heavy drapery folds, and the intimate human characterization of mother and son all exemplify the Gothic style, and the subject of Mary being not just the Mother of Christ but also the queen of heaven is very much Gothic.