Name: Eldee R.

Balolong
Student Number: 2007-58545
Class-Section: Chem 28.1-1
Date Performed: September 18, 2008
Date Submitted: September 29, 2008

I. TITLE. Determination of the oxalate in the sample(experiment 8)

II. RESULTS.

Standardization of Potassium Permanganate Solution

Primary Standard used: Sodium Oxalate
O
Formula mass of 1 standard: 134.00 g/mol
% Purity of 1O standard: 99.8%

Trials 1 2 3
Weight of Na2C2O4 (g) 0.2862 0.2989 0.2856
Corrected Weight Na2C2O4 (g) 0.2856 0.2983 0.2850
Final Reading KMnO4 (ml) 44.80 47.70 44.60
Initial Reading KMnO4 (ml) 0.1000 1.700 0.000
Volume KMnO4 used (ml) 44.70 46.00 44.60

Corrected Vol. of KMnO4 mL 44.60 45.90 44.50

Normality of KMnO4
Ave. Normality of KMnO4

Indicator Blank

Trials 1 2 3
Final volume KMnO4 (ml) 45.0 45.1 45.2
Initial volume KMnO4 (ml) 44.9 45.0 45.1
Net Volume KMnO4 (ml) 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ave. volume of KMnO4 (ml) 0.1

Sample Analysis

Trials 1 2 3
Weight of the sample (g) 0.5028 0.5023 --
Final volume KMnO4 (ml) 39.10 38.60 --
Initial volume KMnO4 (ml) 0.1000 0.1000 --
Net Volume KMnO4 (ml) 39.00 38.50 --
Corrected volume of KMnO4, ml 38.90 38.40 --

mg Na2C2O4 of unknown --
% Na2C2O4 of unknown --
Average % Na2C2O4 of unknown
III. Sample Calculations

A. Corrected Mass of Na2C2O4 (g)

Masscorrected=M Na2C2O4 * 0.9980

Masscorrected=0.2862 g * 0.9980

Masscorrected=0.2856 g

B. Net Volume KMnO4

Vnet of KMnO4=(Vfinal KMnO4)-(Vinitial KMnO4)

Vnet of KMnO4=(44.80 mL)-(0.1000 mL)

Vnet of KMnO4=44.70 mL

C. Corrected Vol. of KMnO4

Corrected VolKMnO4= Net VolumeKMnO4 - Ave. volumeKMnO4 in indicator blank

Corrected VolKMnO4=44.70 mL-0.1000 mL

Corrected VolKMnO4=44.60 mL

D. Normality of KMnO4

NormalityKMnO4=[(corrected weightNa2C2O4/m.wNa2C2O4)]

Corrected volumeKMnO4

NormalityKMnO4 =
 NormalityKMnO4=

E. Average NormalityKMnO4

NormalityKMnO4=(0.1005 M + 0.09970 M + 0.1011 M)/3

NormalityKMnO4=0.1004 M

*for the indicator blank

F. Net Volume of KMnO4

Net VolumeKMnO4=45.0 mL - 44.9 mL

Net VolumeKMnO4=0.1000 mL

G. Average Volume of KMnO4

Average VolumeKMnO4=(0.1000 mL + 0.1000 mL + 0.1000 mL)/3

Average VolumeKMnO4=0.1000 mL

**for the sample analysis

H. Net volume of KMnO4

Vnet=39.10 mL- 0.1000 mL

Vnet=39.00 mL

F. Corrected Vol. of KMnO4

Corrected VolKMnO4= Net VolumeKMnO4 - Ave. volumeKMnO4 in indicator blank

Corrected VolKMnO4=39.00 mL-0.1000 mL

Corrected VolKMnO4=38.90 mL
 I. mg Na2C2O4 of unknown

mgNa2C2O4=(corrected volumeKMnO4)(Nave KMnO4)(1 mol KMnO4/ 5 eq KMnO4)x (5

mol Na2C2O4/2 mol KMnO4)(m.w. Na2C2O4)

mgNa2C2O4

mgNa2C2O4=

J. % oxalate in sample

% oxalate in the sample= (mg Na2C2O4/Wsample)*100%

% oxalate in the sample =

K. Ave % oxalate in the sample

Ave % oxalate=(

Ave % oxalate=

IV. Discussion

The permanganate ion, MnO4-, is a powerful oxidizing agent; it reacts to form Mn2+ ion.
MnO + 8H+ +5e-  Mn2+ + 4 H2O is the half reaction of Pemanganate to form the Mn 2+ and the
4
-

one responsible for the color during the endpoint; the Manganese goes from an oxidation state
from 7 to 2 thereby saying it has been reduced and is the oxidizing agent in this experiment. Each
Permanganate ion will consume 5 electrons to produce the Mn2+ and it has to be done in ACIDIC
medium since the presence of H+ marks this type of medium; each MnO4- will also steal 5
electrons in the sense of it being the oxidizing agent; it will oxidize another species and that is the
oxalate.

The Oxalate ion is a stable ion, yet it can be oxidized: C2O42-  2 CO2 + 2e-. The C in
the oxalate has an oxidation state of +5 while the C in CO2 has an oxidation state of +4; given
these oxidation states, each carbon will therefore release 1 electron and each oxalate will release 2
electrons.

o 2MnO4- + 16 H+ + 5 C2O42- 2 Mn+2 + 8 H2O + 10 CO2 (g)

 In addition to OXALATE being a strong oxidizing agent, permanganate has another
important property; it is a compound with an intense purple color. Even one drop of the titrant is
enough to produce a strong pink color. With such property, the titration process just goes by
titrating until the solution remains pink.

The titration process used DRIED sodium oxalate being the primary standard; it has to be
dried since the analyst aims to have a compound in its pure form; and no other contaminants or
bound water in them.

The procedures encountered required the titer to be heated first in a water bath for 80˚C
to 90˚C; of course, water bath is used for the analyst to control the temperature of the system not
to exceed that of water even if a thermometer was used. The reaction of permanganate tends to
be relatively slow; it can take 30 to 60 seconds; and this would make the titration relatively
impractical to perform. However, the reaction is much faster in the presence of a catalyst; a
catalyst can never AFFECT the final outcome of the titration process. In this case, Mn 2+ is a good
catalyst. So after the first small addition of MnO4-, the reaction will speed up and proceed at a
comfortable rate; this is called autocatalysis as Mn2+ is formed in this reaction
AUTOMATICALLY.

With the facts established on the slowness of this reaction, one way of speeding up the
reaction is through heating the reaction and this is what we done asides from the autocatalysis
that happened.

As experienced by the 2 analysts, there was a hard time reading the buret because of the
color of the titrant which is so strong. As read on some sources with a possible solution to this
encountered problem in the experiment, sighting across the top of the liquid is one way; of
course, It is still important that our eye be level with that of the liquid layer to avoid parallax
errors.

A blank indicator was used in this experiment to have a corrected and expected volume
free from other contaminants.

COMMENT:

I had problems with the visibility of the grid lines in the buret; the color of the
permanganate solution is one hindrance to a sure shot in reading the buret upon taking volume
readings.

One thing about this experiment was that the permanganate solution was not EXACTLY
diluted to 1 L; this is analytical chemistry therefore even in this simple preparation, we could
have somehow approximated it would be near a liter.

How about before starting the experiment, a kind of story telling where we are told of the
applications of this experiment in day to day activities and how we could apply this to our
courses; for example, in public health, what could possibly be the applications of this in human
systems or maybe in chemical engineering, what could possibly be certain mechanisms we can
apply when faced with systems like that.