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12/21/2013

Epithelial tissue
A tissue: it is a gro ! o" #e$$s that are simi$ar in str #t re and " n#tion% It sho&s a #hara#teristi# arrangement o" #e$$s se!arated "rom ea#h other by 'arying amo nts o" "ibro s or amor!ho s %inter#e$$ $ar materia$ :Types of body tissues !ervous: e(#itab$e 1 did you know that unless ... food is mixed with saliva you ... can't taste it "uscular: #ontra#ti$e %2 Epithelial: #o'ers s r"a#es) $ines %3 #a'ities and #om!ose g$ands #onnective: s !!orti'e and %* binding) a$so n triti'e Epithelial tissue characteristics :$$function Avascularity: e!ithe$ia $a#+ b$ood 'esse$s) th s it re#ei'es % %n trients by di"" sion thro gh a!i#a$ and basa$ s r"a#es Attachment: the basa$ s r"a#e o" an e!ithe$i m is an#hored to & the nder$ying #onne#ti'e tiss e by a thin basement membrane !rod #ed by the basa$ s r"a#e and the nder$ying #onne#ti'e %tiss e #ellularity: e!ithe$ia$ #e$$s are !a#+ed tight$y together &ith ' a$most no inter#e$$ $ar s!a#es and on$y sma$$ amo nt o" %inter#e$$ $ar s bstan#e )rovides sensation: the sensory tiss es o" nose) ears) eyes ( and a$most the &ho$e o" #entra$ ner'o s system a$$ arise as !arts o" %the e!ithe$ia$ tiss e +ecretion: g$ands are "ormed/#om!osed "rom the in"o$ding o" * %e!ithe$ia$ #e$$s and are res!onsib$e "or se#retion )olarity: e!ithe$ia$ #e$$s are s!$it into t&o !arts: a!i#a$ s r"a#e , ,&hi#h "a#es the e(terior/o ter s r"a#e and is e(!osed- and basa$ s r"a#e ,atta#hed to the nder$ying #onne#ti'e tiss e by a ,basement membrane

.egeneration: e!ithe$ia$ #e$$s re!$a#e dead or damaged #e$$s% /e& ndamaged #e$$s #ome ! "rom the bottom to re!$a#e the %dead ones at the a!i#a$ s r"a#e :$+pecialized epithelial cells $other functions %Se#retion) absor!tion and #ond #tion o" s bstan#es %1 Mo'ement o" "$ ids o'er the e!ithe$ia$ s r"a#e %2 Mo'ing "$ ids thro gh the e!ithe$i m ,these #e$$s ha'e strong %3 ,!o$arity

:+tructure Apical surface: the !ortion "a#ing the se#retory) absor!ti'e % ,s r"a#e ,"ree s r"a#e a "icrovillus/"icrovilli: sma$$ !ro0e#tions "rom the a!i#a$ s r"a#e o" an e!ithe$i m% It great$y in#reases the s r"a#e area o" the #e$$ ,he$!s in trans!ortation-% 1o nd in sites &here there is absor!tion) %se#retion) a $ong digesti'e and rinary tra#ts b #ilia: $ong e(tensions that beat in #oordinated "ashion and are di""erent "rom mi#ro'i$$i% 2i$ia are a#ti'e$y moti$e !ro#esses that he$! &ith the mo'ement o" materia$s a$ong the e!ithe$i m% 1o nd in res!iratory tra#ts , s a$$y m # s- and "ema$e re!rod #ti'e tra#ts %,,"a$$o!ian t bes :#ell junctions/0ntercellular connections & a Tight junction: m $ti !rotein #om!$e(es that mediate #e$$3#e$$ adhesion ," sion o" #e$$ membranes o" neighboring #e$$s-% It !re'ents &ater and other mo$e# $es "rom di"" sing a#ross an e!ithe$ia$ sheet bet&een ad0a#ent #e$$s ,!rote#tion-% 1o nd near a!i#a$ s r"a#es o" #e$$s in digesti'e tra#ts to +ee! en4ymes and %a#ids "rom damaging #e$$s nderneath b 1esmosomes: strong #onne#tions o" !roteins ,2AMs: #e$$ adhesion mo$e# $e- bet&een #e$$s% It he$!s to ho$d the sha!e o" the #e$$ and an#hor it to its base and it5s s!e#ia$i4ed "or #e$$3#e$$ adhesion% 1o nd in s !er"i#ia$ s+in and #ardia# m s#$e #e$$s ,basa$ %,and $atera$ in the #e$$ c 2ap junctions: #onne(ons ,#onne(ons or hemi #hanne$s are si( !roteins that "orm the ga! 0 n#tion- intera#ting to "orm a #hanne$

bet&een ad0a#ent #e$$s thro gh the membranes% It a$$o&s dire#t #hemi#a$ #omm ni#ation bet&een ad0a#ent #e$$s &itho t #onta#t &ith the e(tra#e$$ $ar "$ id and to #oordinate " n#tions and beating %,#i$ia% 1o nd in #ardia# and smooth m s#$e ,$atera$ in the #e$$ 3asal surface: the !ortion o" e!ithe$ia$ #e$$s that rest on a ' m #o!o$ysa##haride #ontaining basement membrane ,this !ortion %,is ad0a#ent to the basement membrane !ote: e!ithe$ia ha'e no #a!i$$aries or other b$ood 'esse$s) th s n trition is a##om!$ishes indire#t$y by di"" sion "rom #a!i$$aries in the #onne#ti'e tiss e nder$ying the e!ithe$ia ,the $amina !ro!ria: is a m #o s membrane in the #onne#ti'e tiss e nderneath the %,e!ithe$ia% It #ontains #a!i$$aries and b$ood 'esse$s !ote: the basement membrane nder the e$e#tron mi#ros#o!e ,ro tine transmission e$e#tron mi#rogra!h- a!!ears as amor!ho s) dense $ine genera$$y termed the basa$ $amina% Asso#iated &ith a %"ine "ibro s net&or+

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#lassification of epithelial tissue: a##ording to :!umber of layers % a simple: one $ayer o" #e$$s that are in #onta#t &ith the 6%M ,basement ,membrane b stratified: m $ti!$e $ayers o" #e$$s one % !on the other

c pseudo stratified: has one $ayer o" #e$$s ,a$$ o" &hi#h #onta#ts the b%m- b t a!!ears strati"ied be#a se the n #$ei are !ositioned at %,'ario s distan#es abo'e the basement membrane +hape of cells: as seen in a tiss e se#tion !assing thro gh the & %e!ithe$i m at right ang$es to the a!i#a$ and basa$ s r"a#e

In #ase o" strati"ied e!ithe$i m) it is the sha!e o" #e$$s at the "ree %s r"a#e that determines the #$assi"i#ation )resence or absence of microvilli or cilia: on the a!i#a$ ' %s r"a#e o" the #e$$s Intestina$ absor!ti'e #e$$s and #e$$s o" the !ro(ima$ #on'o$ ted t b $e o" the +idney !ossess mi#ro'i$$i on their "ree s r"a#e% %There"ore) they are des#ribed as ha'ing a br sh or striated border Pse do strati"ied e!ithe$i m $ining the nasa$ #a'ity and the tra#hea is #om!osed genera$$y o" #i$iated #e$$s) th s it is designated as %#i$iated e!ithe$i m 4uestion: of what functional significance are microvilli and 5cilia mi#ro'i$$i: he$!s &ith absor!tion) in#reases the s r"a#e area o" a 3 %#e$$ %#i$ia: he$!s &ith mo'ement o" s bstan#es a#ross the e!ithe$i m 3

#lassification of epithelial tissue according to the shape of :cells +quamous % #uboidal & #olumnar ' Transitional (

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+46A"76+: s7 amo s e!ithe$i m #e$$s are e(treme$y "$attened) !an#a+e $i+e !ro"i$e in se#tion% Sim!$e s7 amo s :e!ithe$ia are seen in Mesothe$i m $ining the !eritonea$ %1 s r"a#e o" the " ndi# stoma#h and the %0e0 n m

Endothe$i m $ining the b$ood 'esse$s in the s bm #osa o" the %2 %stoma#h Strati"ied s7 amo s e!ithe$i m is seen in the s+in) on the e(terna$ %and interna$ s r"a#e o" the $i! and $ining the eso!hag s 4uestion: can you see any differences between the stratified squamous epithelium comprising the epidermis 5and that found lining the esophagus in the eso!hag s: its s r"a#es are not +eratini4ed% There"ore) they 3 m st be +e!t moist by bodi$y se#retion to !re'ent them "rom dying %o t in the e!idermis: it has +eratini4ed s r"a#es that are !rote#ted 3 "rom abrasion by +eratin and +e!t hydrated and !rote#ted "rom %dehydration by g$y#o$i!ids

#63701A8: # boida$ e!ithe$i m #e$$s ha'e a # be $i+e sha!e% That is) their &idth is a!!ro(imate$y e7 a$ to their height% Sim!$e # boida$ e!ithe$i m is seen in the thi#+ as#ending and des#ending !ortions o" the $oo! o" hen$e in the +idney ,in the ne!hron- and %$ining the "o$$i#$es o" the thyroid g$and Strati"ied # boida$ and #o$ mnar #e$$s are n#ommon) b t they are "o nd in the d #ts o" the e(o#rine s&eat g$ands o" the s+in and in %the e(#retory d #ts o" m #o s g$ands #786"!A.: #o$ mnar e!ithe$ia$ #e$$s ha'e height at $east * times greater than its &idth% Sim!$e #o$ mnar e!ithe$i m is "o nd on the $ mina$ s r"a#e o" the ga$$b$adder ,on the insides o" the ga$$b$adderand in the #o$$e#ting d #ts o" the +idney and $ining the sma$$ ,intestine% ,8igesti'e tra#ts pseudo stratified columnar epithelium: "o nd in tra#hea and9 % !!er res!iratory tra#t ,bron#h s-% These #e$$s are #i$iated T.A!+0T07!A8: it is a s!e#ia$ "orm o" strati"ied e!ithe$i m that is #a!ab$e o" being distended &itho t be#oming $ea+y and o" ret rning to its origina$ sha!e a"ter being stret#hed% 1o nd $ining %the rinary tra#t :28A!168A. A)ET:080A A gland: is a one or more #e$$s that ma+es and se#retes an %a7 eo s "$ id

#lassification of glandular epithelia: a##ording to +ite of product release: endo#rine and e(o#rine % !umber of cells forming the gland: ni#e$$ $ar ,gob$et #e$$s- & and m $ti#e$$ $ar

Endocrine glands: g$ands that $a#+ a d #t system there"ore se#rete its hormones and other se#retions into the b$ood or $ym!h %stream to be #arries to the targeted organs Exocrine glands: g$ands that are more in n mber than the endo#rine g$ands% They s a$$y se#rete !rod #ts into d #ts that re$ease it onto body s r"a#es ,s+in- or into body #a'ities% Li+e the %m #o s) s&eat) oi$) and sa$i'ary g$ands 6nicellular exocrine glands: s!e#ia$i4ed g$ands that ha'e no d #ts yet #onsidered e(o#rine g$ands be#a se it se#rets its !rod #ts dire#t$y into the target site% The most #ommon ni#e$$ $ar g$and is the gob$et #e$$ that se#retes m # s in the e!ithe$i m o" %yo r tra#hea and digesti'e tra#ts "ulticellular exocrine glands: g$ands that se#rete its !rod #ts into d #ts ,#om!osed o" a d #t and a se#retory nit-% Li+e the %sa$i'ary g$ands :M $ti#e$$ $ar g$ands #an be #$assi"ied a##ording to 1uct type: sim!$e or #om!o nd % +tructure of its secretory unit: t b $ar) a$'eo$ar and & t b $oa$'eo$ar

:"odes of secretion "erocrine: !rod #ts are se#reted by e(o#ytosis% Li+e the ,!an#reas) s&eat and sa$i'ary g$ands

:olocrine: !rod #ts are se#reted by r !t re o" g$and #e$$s% Li+e the ,seba#eo s g$ands

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