2001/3/3

BBC 2001 2 20
J. Saffran

absolute pitch

70%

40%HurniSchlegel1983Miyazaki1988
Profita1988

perfect pitch
Hz

C. Stump1883

Lang1993Rvsz 1913Meyer1899Abraham1901/1902
Copp1916
1

Gregerson1998

relative
pitch Hurni-Schlegel1983

Costall1985
Verlernen lernen ver
Verlernen

1 Prgung

95% 5%Sergeant1969

Crozier1977

Fourier transformation

spectrum
oval window
20000Hzapex
20Hz

/a//e//i//o//u/

/e/ 250Hz2000Hz 2600Hz formant
formant formant

K. Lorenz
Lorenz Lorenz imprinting

K. Lorenz

20%Chouard1990

 /e//e/
/a/ 250Hz2000Hz 2600Hz
/e/

/e/250Hz2000Hz2600Hz /e/ formant

formant

formant

psychoacoustics virtual
pitch

spectral pitch
virtual pitch
E. Terhardt 19741978 3

FFT

virtual pitch

virtual pitch

virtual pitch Terhardt1982 virtual pitch

spectral pitch Zwicker1999:111-124

virtual pitchpure tone

spectral pitchWard1982Miyazaki1989

4
5
schema
Krumhansl1991 6

auditory cortex
Zatorre1988
Zatorre1991
Zatorre1998

dorsolateral frontal cortex
conditional associative learning

inferior frontal cortex

7
4

temperate lobe
Milner1962Zatorre1988Johnsrude2000

Spatial-temporal versus language-analytic reasoning: the role of music training.

(http://www.educationthroughmusic.com/musicbrain.htm)

G. Schlaug 1995
magnetic resonance imaging
PTplanum temperate PT
Schlaug1995
PT
Hirata1999 Schlaug Zatorre 1998Schlaug
2000
PT

formant
intonation
tone language

animal bioacoustics
Hulse1985D'Amato1987/1988Tooze1990
9
Hulse1988 10

PT
PT Chen2000
8

D. Deutsch
Deutsch 1999

10

Richards1984
Hulse1986

 11
12

inner and outer hair cells
feedback

otoacoustic emission

otoacoustic emission
Chouard1990 otoacoustic emission

13

14

11
12

O. Sacks

13

Takeuchi1993
Trehub1987

14

Grove
psychology of music
S. E. Trehub

V, 3(v): Early development: Perception in infancy

& beyond Rice1990

Gartner1993

440Hz La La

sematic
spatial

Saffran

15
16

YAMAHA


......
......

Slonimsky1988

15

16

Wolfgang Auhagen

Periodendauernanalyse
virtual pitch
virtual pitch

Kirnberger
m itteltnig
a'=415Hz a'=439Hz

a'=440Hz 445Hz

a'=415Hz a'=445Hz

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BBC News, 20/02/2001, 09:18 GMT. Perfect pitch may help babies speak.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/in_depth/sci_tech/2001/san_francisco/newsid_1179000/1179664.stm
Chi Chen, Andrea Halpern, Ben Bly, Robert Edelman, Gottfried Schlaug. (2000). Planum Temporale
Asymmetry And Absolute Pitch. http://www.academicpress.com/www/journal/hbm2000/7233.html
Diana Deutsch, Trevor Henthorn, Mark Dolson. (1999). Tone Language Speakers Possess Absolute
Pitch. http://www.acoustics.org/138th/deutsch.htm
Perfect Pitch on the Internet. http://www.provide.net/~bfield/abs_pitch.html
Robert Zatorre's Homepage. http://www.zlab.mcgill.ca/