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Chapter 2
Table 2-3
Compound class
None O X
CH3CH2CH2CH3
Butane
CH3CH2 OBr
Bromoethane
Alcohols (Chapters 8, 9) Ethers (Chapter 9) Thiols (Chapter 9) Alkenes (Chapters 11, 12) Alkynes (Chapter 13)
RO OH
O OH
H A (CH3)2C O OH
2-Propanol (Isopropyl alcohol)
RO O O R
O OO
O O CH3 CH3CH2 O
Methoxyethane (Ethyl methyl ether)
O SH
SH CH3CH2 O
Ethanethiol
G D CPC D G
G D CPC D G
CH3 CH3
G C P CH2 D
2-Methylpropene
OCq CO
CH3C q CCH3
2-Butyne
CH3 R(H) C C C C C HC HC C CH CH
C C
C C
(H)R
R(H)
C H
Methylbenzene (Toluene)
O B CH3CH2CH
Propanal
O B CH3CH2CCH2CH2CH3
3-Hexanone
O B CH3CH2COH
Propanoic acid
O O B B CH3CH2COCCH 2CH3
Propanoic anhydride
O B 3 CH3CH2COCH
Methyl propanoate (Methyl propionate)
The letter R denotes an alkyl group (see text). Different alkyl groups can be distinguished by adding primes to the letter R: R9, R0, and so forth.
Chapter 2
69
Table 2-3
(continued)
General structure Functional group Example
Compound class
Amides (Chapters 19, 20, 26) Nitriles (Chapter 20) Amines (Chapter 21)
O B RO C O N O R(H) A R(H) RO C q N
O B D O C O N G O C q N
O B 2 CH3CH2CH2CNH
Butanamide
CH3C q N
Ethanenitrile (Acetonitrile)
RO N O R(H) A R(H)
D O N G
(CH3)3N
N, N-Dimethylmethanamine (Trimethylamine)
.. CH3Cl .. :
.. CH3CH2 Cl .. :
.. CH3 O . . CH3
Ethers
.. CH3CH2 O . . CH2CH3
Ethoxyethane (Diethyl ether)
(An inhalation anesthetic)
(Topical anesthetics)
The carbonyl functional group, CPO, is found in aldehydes, in ketones, and, in conjunction with an attached 2OH, in the carboxylic acids. Aldehydes and ketones are discussed in Chapters 17 and 18, the carboxylic acids and their derivatives in Chapters 19 and 20. Aldehydes O B HCH
Formaldehyde
(A disinfectant)
Ketones O B CH3CCH3
Acetone
O B CH3CH or CH3CHO
Acetaldehyde
(A hypnotic)
O B CH3CH2CCH3
Butanone (Methyl ethyl ketone)
(Common solvents)