B.Sc.

Biotechnology Semester IV BBT 413: Analytical Techniques

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pHmeter Calibration, standard buffers, maintenance of electrodes, effect of molarity on pH maintenance. Estimation of important minerals Calcium and Iron from industrial effluents (gravimetry); modern methods of estimation. Estimation of inorganic phosphate Analysis of soil for phosphate fertilizer (colorimetry) Flame photometry Estimation of Na and K, principle and procedure, accuracy. Kjeldahl method of nitrogen estimation Soil /fertilizer/ water/ plant analysis Estimation of biomolecules Spectrophotometry, theory, types and applications, estimation of purines and pyrimidines. Estimation of purity of water Fluoride, chloride, sulphate and arsenic from potable water (titrimetry). Centrifugation Table top, high speed, microfuge, refrigerated, ultra, density gradient centrifugation. Basket centrifuges, cream separators, sharple centrifuge, continuous and batchwise processing, applications in biochemical industry. Chromatography Principle, types (paper, thin layer, gel, affinity, ion exchange), applications; purification of water, streptomycin, proteins and enzymes and DNA/RNA fractionation. HPLC Concept, principle, procedure (analytical and preparatory), separation on the basis of detectors, accuracy, applications in research and quality control. Electrophoresis Principle of separation, factors affecting separation, types paper, agarose gel, PAGE, 2D gel electrophoresis. Laminar air flow systems Types, filters, aseptic methods and monitoring, operational details, precautions, applications in microbiology, tissue culture, molecular biology, and pharmaceutical preparations. Lyophilization Principle and practice, applications in R&D (cells and proteins) and neutraceuticals. Filtration techniques Gross filtration, steripad filtration, membrane filtration, millifiltration,

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microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, their applications in industry. Merits and limitations. Methods of food preservation Effect of salt, oil, water, stabilizers, preservatives, temperature, packaging, minienvironment on stability, applications in industry. References 1 Industrial Enzymology, 2nd Edn., Godfrey, T. and Reichelt, J.R., McMillan Publ. Co., London(1997). 2 Principles of Fermentation Technology, Stanbury, P. F., Whitaker, A. and Hall, S. J., ButterworthHeinemann, Burlington, MA, USA (2005). 3 Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wilson, K. and Walker, J. Cambridge University Press, New York (2005). 4 Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, Jayraman, J., New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi (2007).

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