POLICE WORK: PEACEKEEPING AND ORDER MAINTENANCE Last Week We Learnt Patrolling.

Patrolling is the early position of policing career. However, it is the least desirable assignment; and it is routine and boring. Patrol officers are street level bureaucrats. They are real policy makers in the policing. They are crime fighters. They are symbols of the police in the eyes of the public. Police departments need to deploy patrol officers according to crime analysis studies. ONLY 20 to 30 percent of all calls for service involve criminal law enforcement. Most calls are order maintenance calls or service calls. In sum, the POLICE seem to be peacekeepers and problem solvers. Police Work: Peacekeeping & Order Maintenance What is the police role? Crime fighting? or Order maintenance? Which calls are important? Criminal law enforcement related ones? or Order maintenance, noncrime calls? Garbage, social work, bullshit. Police Services Study Data

Crime deterrence effects of order maintenance: 1. The crime prophylactic-preventive model Police intervention can defuse potentially violent situations and prevent them from escalating into criminal violence. 2. The police knowledge model Noncrime alls give officers a broader exposure to the community with the result that they have more knowledge that will help them solve crimes. 3. The social work model The latent coercive power of the police can help to steer potential lawbreakers into law-abiding behavior. 4. The community cooperation model Effective responses to noncrime calls can help the police to establish greater credibility with the public. Legality or Credibility UC Davis's faculty association called on Katehi to resign, saying in a letter there had been a "gross failure of leadership." Given the recent use of excessive force by police against "occupy" protestors at UC Berkeley and elsewhere, the Chancellor must have anticipated that, by authorizing police action, she was effectively authorizing their use of

excessive force against peaceful UCD student protestors. The Chancellor's role is to enable open and free inquiry, not to suppress it. Police Work: Peacekeeping & Order Maintenance The comtemporary policing models such as community policing, problem oriented policing, broken windows policing are to deal with community problems even they are not crime-related. People tend to call the police when they notice a problem in the community. Police are ready to solve community problems for the most people. Citizens` 4 expectations for noncrime calling for services? 1. To maintain a social boundary 2. To relieve unpleasant situations 3. Counterpunching (revenge) 4. To obtain an emergency service Police response to noncrime incidents 1. Use great discretion 2. Handle situations informally through verbal and nonverbal tactics 3. Take no official action The most frequently applied five actions by officers especially skilled at handling conflict:

Traffic Enforcement is the most common type of order maintenance activity. Traffic enforcement policy is generally the result of formal or informal department policies. Community pressure Top police administrators decisions Formal or informal quotas on traffic tickets for officers Dayton, Ohio, Police Department found that the crackdown-writing many traffic tickets, making frequent and highly visible traffci stops- had no significant impact on crime, arrests, and traffic accidents.

Policing Domestic Disputes Disturbances Bar fights, arguments between neighbors, etc. A domestic disturbance is one involving two or more people engaged in an intimate relationship. Married or divorced couples Live-in-lovers Dating people Parents and children; elderly parents 33% of domestic disturbances involve some form of violence. It is a private (%23) or trivial matter (%18) Only 28% is reported to the police. Police response to domestic disturbances 1. Arrest, 2. Mediation, 3. Separating the parties, 4. Referral to a social service agency, or 5. No action at all.

Domestic violence Police response Arrest Mediation Separating the parties Referral to social service agencies No action Factors influencing arrest Seriousness of crime Preference of victim for arrest Relationship between victim and suspect Disrespect to police Police Work: Peacekeeping & Order Maintenance Policing Vice (gambling, narcotics, pornography and illegal sales of alcohol) Policing the Homeless Policing the Mentally Ill Policing People with Aids Policing Juveniles Policing Different Races Other order maintenance crimes Vice Prostitution Street walkers Ancillary crime Call girl Gambling victimless crime Narcotics Homeless Old New Alcoholics Detoxification programs Mentally ill Hospitalization Arrest Informal disposition AIDS High concern of infections, buy relatively low number of cases Juveniles Strict enforcement versus counseling and advising