Rankine cycle at various steam pressure and temperature

kN := 10 N kPa := 10 Pa

define some units

MPa := 10 Pa

kJ := 10 J bar := 0.1MPa

We have seen the calculation of a Rankine steam cycle in rankine_class_example.mcd Repeating these
calculations for various combinations of boiler pressure and temperature allows us to investigate pressure and
temperature on ideal thermal efficiency. the calculations are done in the area by doing a matrix of combinations:

30

60
p 2 :=
bar
90

120

233.90

275.64
Tsat :=
303.4

324.75

Tsat

T3 := 460
540

(
Tsat

since Tsat varies with pressure this was

accomplished in a 4 x 3 array of temperatures

460 560

233.90
275.64
TT3 :=
303.4
324.75

efficiency calculations

460 560

30

460 560 60
bar
460 560
90

460 560
120

0.45
0.44

efficiency (reversible)

0.42
0.41
0.39
0.38
0.36
0.35
0.33
0.32
0.3

30

39

48

57

66

75
84
pressure bars

93

102

111

saturated
460 deg C superheat
560 deg C superheat

This plot shows the ideal efficiency at various combinations of pressure and temperature.
data for saturation curve

10/14/2005

120

select_pressure :=

this plot for

ip := select_pressure 1

p2

select_temperature :=

30
60
90
120

ip

= 6 MPa

saturated
superheat to 460 deg C
superheat to 560 deg C

iT := select_temperature 1

TT3

ip , iT

data for T s and H s plots

T-s Plot

500

400

T degrees C

300

200

100

4
5
6
s entropy kJ/(kg*K)

h-s Plot

4000

h enthalpy kJ/kg

3000

2000

1000

10/14/2005

4
6
s entropy kJ/(kg*K)

10

10

= 460

close up of points 1 and 2

T - s plot

46

T degrees C

44

42

40

38

0.5

0.55

0.6
s entropy kJ/(kg*K)

0.65

180

175

h enthalpy kJ/kg

170

165

160

155

150
0.54

10/14/2005

0.56

0.58
0.6
s entropy kJ/(kg*K)

0.62

0.64

enthalpy average temperature approach for efficiency

we defined the entropy average temperatures in class and showed that the thermal efficiency (ideal) could be
calculated ...
T_bar_L

=1

using this approach let's calculate the thermal efficiency and compare with above

T_bar_H

2804.2
2784.3
h3 =
2742.1
2684.9

3366.6 3591.7

3326.1 3564.2 kJ

3283.1 3535.7
kg
3237.2 3506.2

i := 0 .. 3

170.586

173.609
kJ

h2 =
K
176.633
kg K

179.656

6.187
5.889
s3 =
5.677
5.492

7.114 7.402

6.753 7.057 kJ

6.521 6.844
kg K

6.34

6.684

kJ
s2 = 0.572
kg K

j := 0 .. 2

calculate entropy average TH

QH = h 3 h 2
or ... in indicial
notation

QL = h 1 h 4

QH = h 3 h 2
i, j
i, j
i
QL = h 1 h 4

entropy average high temperature ...

T_bar_H

i, j

:=

h3

i, j

469.082
491.036
T_bar_H =
502.57
509.206

h2
i

s3 s2
i, j

488.545 500.917

510.095 522.852

K
522.253 535.608

530.17

544.309

entropy average low temperature ... is the constant condenser pressure - convert to K

T_bar_L := T1 + 273.15 K
i , j := 1

(
Tsat

T_bar_L
T_bar_H

from above; identical !! as

expected

i, j

460 560

0.332 0.359 0.375

0.362 0.386 0.401
=
0.377 0.4 0.415

0.385 0.409 0.425

10/14/2005

T1 = 40

(
Tsat
30

60 bar
90

120

460 560

0.332 0.359 0.375

0.362 0.386 0.401
th =
0.377 0.4 0.415

0.385 0.409 0.425

30

60 bar
90

120